LEARNING

THEORIES
Advocated by the following Prominent
Contemporary Psychologist.

1.
He was an American psychologist who is best known

for his contributions to cognitive and developmental

psychology. According to Bruner children actively

JEROME S.
engage with learning in a way that corresponds to the
level of their cognitive development. Therefore, in

BRUNER
order to maximize the learning experience, educators
should focus on optimizing the mode of presentation,
rather than the content that is being taught. Bruner
believed that children can learn complex topics, and
that even adult learners can learn new concepts, if
the presentation method is arranged in three stages:
the enactive, iconic and symbolic. Read on to find out
how it works.

2.
He was an author with a landmark in the history of learning
and can be considered as one of the most influential

ROBERT
psychologists and researchers in the field of instruction.
Gagné is clearly part of a group of authors who are
particularly interested in educational technology,

GAGNES
understood as the application of scientific knowledge of
learning theories to practical situations of instruction. In
summary, Gagné's proposal considers three fundamental
elements: 1) a taxonomy of types of learning, 2) the internal
and external conditions necessary to achieve these types of
learning, and 3) the conditions of learning. In essence, the
combination of these elements constitutes an integrated
theory of learning and instruction. Considering whenever
possible and necessary the aspects presented, this chapter
presents Robert Gagné's perspective with special emphasis
on instruction theory and conditions of learning theory.
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that
intelligence changes as children grow. A child's cognitive

3.
development is not just about acquiring knowledge, the child
has to develop or construct a mental model of the world.

JEAN Cognitive development occurs through the interaction of

innate capacities and environmental events, and children pass

PIAGET through a series of stages. Piaget's theory of cognitive

development proposes 4 stages of development.
Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years Preoperational stage: 2 to
7 years Concrete operational stage: 7 to 11 years Formal
operational stage: ages 12 and up The sequence of the stages
is universal across cultures and follow the same invariant
(unchanging) order. All children go through the same stages in
the same order (but not all at the same rate).

4.
John Dewey theory recommends an

JOHN DEWEY
interdisciplinary curriculum, or a curriculum
that focuses on connecting multiple subjects
where students can freely walk in and out of
classrooms. In this way, they pursue their own
interests, and build their own method for
acquiring and applying specific knowledge. In
this setting, the teacher has a facilitating role.
According to John Dewey, the teacher should
observe the student’s interests, follow the
directions, and help them develop problem-
solving skills.

Ready?

use this infographic to learn.

References
https://sproutsschools.com/bruners-spiral-
curriculum/https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/the-
instruction-theory-of-robert-
gagn/267265https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.
htmlhttps://www.toolshero.com/change-
management/john-dewey-theory/