Client: MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM & GAS Contractor:

SUDANESE PETROLEUM CORPORATION 'SPC'

KHARTOUM-MADANI PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PIPELINE
Project Nbr Contract Nbr EPPM Doc Nbr Client Doc Nbr Rev

AR 10/16 R1016-CLC-EL-03-004 KMPP-06-ELE-CA-004 0

Date 03-11-2016 Page 1 of 13

CALCULATION

CALCULATION OF EARTHING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS -

TERMINAL STATION
KMPP-06-ELE-CA-004

0 12/04/2017 FINAL ISSUE KCH MSELMI SF

A 29/03/2017 FIRST ISSUE KCH MSELMI SF

NAME SIGNATURE NAME SIGNATURE NAME SIGNATURE
REV DATE Description
Prepared by Verified by Approved by
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Revisions report:

Revision No Revision Description

A FIRST ISSUE
0 FINAL ISSUE

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................. 4

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................ 4

1.3 DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................... 4

1.3.1 DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.3.2 ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 5

2. CODES AND STANDARDS .............................................................................................................................................. 5

3. REFERENCES DOCUMENT ............................................................................................................................................ 6

4. DESIGN CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................................................................... 6

5. CACLULATION METHOD AND FORMULAS........................................................................................................... 6

6. CALCULATION OF THE RESISTANCE OF THE EARTHING CONDUCTOR ............................................. 7

7. LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM .......................................................................................................................... 8

7.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 8

7.2 NOTE OF CALCULATION ........................................................................................................... 8

7.3 NUMERIC APPLICATION AND DATA OF ZONE .................................................................. 10

7.3.1 ZONE A : LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM................................................................................................ 10

7.3.1.1 DENSITY OF THUNDER-STRIKING TO SOIL NG (HYPOTHESIS) ......................................................... 10

7.3.1.2 SURFACE OF CAPTURE TO PROTECT AE ................................................................................................... 11

7.3.1.3 FREQUENCY FORESEEN OF DIRECT STROKE THUNDERBOLT ON THE STRUCTURE ND ........... 11

7.3.1.4 FREQUENCY ACCEPTED TO STROKE THUNDERBOLT ON THE STRUCTURE NC ........................... 11

7.3.1.5 EFFICIENCY E AND DISTANCE OF PRIMING D ....................................................................................... 11

7.3.1.6 PROTECTIVE RADIUS R .................................................................................................................................. 12

7.3.2 ZONE B : LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM ................................................................................................ 12

7.3.2.1 DENSITY OF THUNDER -STRIKING TO SOIL NG (HYPOTHESIS) ........................................................... 12

7.3.2.2 SURFACE OF CAPTURE TO PROTECT AE .................................................................................................... 12

7.3.2.3 FREQUENCY FORESEEN OF DIRECT STROKE THUNDERBOLT ON THE STRUCTURE ND............... 12

7.3.2.4 FREQUENCY ACCEPTED TO STROKE THUNDERBOLT ON THE STRUCTURE NC .............................. 12

7.3.2.5 EFFICIENCY E AND DISTANCE OF PRIMING D ........................................................................................ 12

7.3.2.6 PROTECTIVE RADIUS R .................................................................................................................................. 13

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Downstream General Directorate (DGD), one of Sudanese Petroleum Corporation (SPC) directorates,
has authorization & holding rights for the establishment and development of the petroleum sector
infrastructure and facilities in Sudan, therefore and as a part of its strategic plan, that includes the
development of petroleum products transportation pipelines and distribution network, SPC intends to
install a new 12" multiproduct pipeline connecting Elgaily area with Madani strategic storage depots.

Whereas SPPC, one of SPC subsidiaries, is the sale custodian of MOP/SPC’s petroleum products
pipelines, therefore it has been awarded the contract of the aforesaid project; being EPCC of Khartoum –
Madani Petroleum Products pipeline project (KMPP).

The Pipeline shall consist of 12", 220 km long multiproduct transport Pipeline from Alrawyan Station at
Khartoum to Madani Storage Terminal Station at Madani City. The facilities will have provisions for the
future connection of branch connection with 10” block valves with blind flanges at Suba and Aljinid areas
in addition to 12" Midpoint intermediate station (valve + Booster station future Tie-in point).

The new petroleum products pipeline shall be initially designed to operate at maximum allowable capacity
using the existing main pumps, currently feeding Alshagara and Port Sudan pipelines, and with future
provision for expansion to a maximum design capacity that could be achieved by an intermediate pumping
station.

1.2 SCOPE

This document cover the calculation for earthing and lightning protection systems for: KHARTOUM-
MADANI PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PIPELINE Project.

1.3 DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS

1.3.1 DEFINITIONS

For the purpose of this document the following definitions shall apply:

Owner / Client Sudanese Petroleum Corporation “SPC”- Ministry Of Petroleum.

Contractor Sudanese Petroleum Pipelines Company Ltd. (SPPC) is defined as main

contractor for KMPP.

Sub-Contractor/ Engineering/ EPPM (Engineering procurement and Project Management)

Designer

Supplier/ Vendor: The party (s) which manufactures and/or supplies equipments, and/or
services to perform the duties specified.

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1.3.2 ABBREVIATIONS

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

ISO International Standards Organisation
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Icc Short circuit current
Irms Value of fault current
ESE Early Streamer Emission (ESE) protection system
H Total Height for the building to be protected including (ESE) system
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
ISO International Standards Organisation
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
∆L Gain in length of tracer
D Distance of priming
E Efficiency
Ae Surface of capture to protect
Nc Frequency accepted to stroke thunderbolt on the structure
Ng Density of blasting
Ngmax Maximum density of thunder striking to soil.
Nf Possible number of the lightning’s which could hit the protected structure in
one year’s time in the absence of protection.
Nel Maximum number of hazardous events.

2. CODES AND STANDARDS

All electrical systems shall conform to the latest editions and supplements of the appropriate standards,
codes and regulations. Generally, electrical equipment will be designed, manufactured, tested and installed
according to relevant IEC standards.

The choice of cable belt grounding will meet the technical specification of the project. The determination
of conductor cross sections will be based on rules of the following international codes:

IEC 60364-5-54 : Electrical installations of buildings - Selection and erection of electrical

equipment-Earthing arrangements and protective conductors

ANSI/IEEE Std-80-2000 IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding

0

NFPA 780 : Standard For The Installation Of Lightning Protection Systems

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3. REFERENCES DOCUMENT

KMPP-00-ELE-SP-010 : GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR EARTHING & LIGHTNING

PROTECTION SYSTEMS
KMPP-06-ELE-DW-011 : GROUNDING PLAN - TERMINAL STATION

4. DESIGN CONDITIONS

The entire electrical system appropriate to environmental influences and climatic conditions. In particular,
cable grounding should ensure the safety of persons and protection of equipment during electrical faults
and lightning strikes, and the functioning of the devices.

MADANI Terminal Station:

 Maximum Ambient Temperature : 55 °C
 Minimum Ambient Temperature : 5°C
 Design relative humidity in Summer : 80%
 Design relative humidity in Winter : 20%
 Average maximum wind velocity : 180 km/hr

Refer to environmental condition in Design Basis Report.

5. CACLULATION METHOD AND FORMULAS

The minimum cross-sectional area of the earthing conductor is given by the following formula:

I rm s
S t
K
Where:

S: cross-sectional area, in square millimeters (mm²)

I: value of fault current for a fault of negligible impedance, which can flow through the protective device
in amperes

T: operating time of the disconnecting devices, in seconds

K: constant equal to 228 for copper.

The highest value of short circuit current is equal to 40 KA.

I cc
I rms   13.33KA
3
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The minimum cross-sectional area of the earthing conductor is:

13333 .33
S 1  58.479 mm²
228

Conclusion: The minimum cross-sectional area of the earthing conductor is 58.478 mm²; section to use is
made with 70 mm² bare copper.

6. CALCULATION OF THE RESISTANCE OF THE EARTHING CONDUCTOR

For the determination of resistance of the earthing conductor, to be carried by a bare copper wire 95 mm²
sections, we use the following formula:

1 1  1 
RC     1  
L 20 A  1  h 20 / A 

Where:
 Rc : loop resistance in Ohm (Ω).
 L : the total length of the protective conductor in meters (m).
 A : Area covered by the earth electrodes
 ξ : Soil resistivity
 h : depth of the earth electrodes

Calculation data: ξ =22.85 Ωm; L = 4294 m; A = 56949 m²; h = 0.8 m

The total length of the belt L is equal to 4294 m.

The area covered by the earthing is equal to 56949 m²

The depth h of the excavation bottom is 0.8 m.

Applying the formula below the earth resistance is obtained:

 1 1  1 
R C  22.85   1    0,05  1
 4294 20 * 56949  1  0,8 20 / 56949 

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7. LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

7.1 GENERAL 0

The lightning protection system will be considered for new electrical substations, for tanks and others
structures.
The electrical substation will be protected against lightning in accordance with standard NFPA 780.

The protection of structures and steel structures against the effects of lightning will be considered by their
grounding in accordance with current regulations (The standard NFPA.780).

We refer in our protective system calculation against the thunderbolt at norm NFPA.780 .This system is
constituted of several facilities.

 Early Streamer Emission (ESE) protection system is composed of a tip captrice, a device of
priming and a stem support on which are a system of connection of the coming down conductor
to the earth. To know that Early Streamer Emission (ESE) protection system must be situated at
least 2m over the top of zone that he protects.
 A joint of control by conductor of coming down.
 One or several conductor of coming down according to the position of Early Streamer Emission
(ESE) protection system.
 A hold of earth lightning conductor.

For the determination of the protective level to satisfy as well as the protective radius to consider, a
calculation is established according to NFPA 780, the density of thunderbolt to ground (Ng) is considered
equal to (1) impact/year/Km² (superior limit of the average), seen localization and the topology of the
site.

The lighting protection is characterized by:

 Class of the protected volume.

 Category of the protection system.
 Possible number of lightning’s which could hit the protected structure Nf in one year’s time in
the absence of protection.
 Maximum number of hazardous events, Nel, in relation to the class of the protected volume and
the medium extend of the damage caused.

7.2 NOTE OF CALCULATION

We refer in our calculation to the norm NFPA 780. All undefined parameter can be found in this
reference norm.

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The protective radius R for Early Streamer Emission (ESE) protection system is determined as follow:

𝑅 = √ℎ(2𝐷 − ℎ) + ∆𝐿 (2𝐷 + ∆𝐿) Where h ≥ 5 m

With
h: height of Early Streamer Emission (ESE) protection system over the surface to protect.
∆L: gain in length of tracer.
D: distance of priming.
R: protective radius.

The data entries:

h: height of Streamer Emission (ESE) protection system over the surface to protect ( h>5m).
D: distance of priming is determined according to the value of efficiency E=1-Nc/Nd calculated as
follows:

Nc = 5.5*10-3/C; where C =C2*C3*C4*C5: see table n°B5, B6, B7, B8 for suitable value

Nd = Ngmax*Ae*C1*10-6
Ngmax = 2*Ng = Nk/10

Ae: surface of capture to protected.

C1: see table B2 for suitable value.

TableB2: Relative situation to the structure C1

structure situated in a space where there are in the same way of structures or trees height or
more elevated 0.25
structure surrounded smaller structures 0,5
freestanding structure: not of other structures to less of a distance 3H 1
freestanding structure to the top of a hill or on a promontory 2

The different tables of constant:

According to the value of E we determine the value of D as indicates the table B9:

Table B5: C2 structural coefficient

Roofing
Structure Metal Township Flammable
Metal 0,5 1 2
Current 1 1 2,5
Flammable 2 2,5 3

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Table B6 : Contained of the structure C3

Without value and flame proof 0.5
Current or normally flammable value 1
Strong value or particularly flammable 2
Exceptional, irreplaceable or very flammable, exploding value 3

Table B7 : Occupation of the structure C4

Vacant 0.5
Normally occupied 1
Difficult evacuation or risk of panic 3

Table B8 : Consequences of a blasting C5

No need for continuity of service, and no consequence on the environment 1
Need for continuity of service and no consequence on the environment 5
Consequence for the environment 10

Table B9 : Efficiency and Distance of priming

Efficiency calculated E Level protective correspondent Distance of priming D
E>0.98 Level I + complementary measure -
0.95<E≤0.98 Level I 20
0.80<E≤0.95 Level II 45
0<E≤0.80 Level III 60

7.3 NUMERIC APPLICATION AND DATA OF ZONE 0

There are two areas to protect, each with its own lightning protection systems:
 Zone A: zone contain Electrical and control room
 Zone B : zone of tanks and others structures

We refer at norm NFPA780; certain types of structures used for the storage of liquids that can produce
the flammable vapours or used to store flammable gases are essentially self-protecting against damage
from lightning strokes and shall need no additional protection.

7.3.1 ZONE A : LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

7.3.1.1 DENSITY OF THUNDER-STRIKING TO SOIL NG (HYPOTHESIS)

Ng = 1 impact/year/km2 Ngmax = 2 impact/year/km2

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According to table B2 the environment coefficient: C1 = 1

7.3.1.2 SURFACE OF CAPTURE TO PROTECT AE

Ae = L*l + 6*H (L + l) + 9 π H²

H= 11.4 m
l = 13.6 m
L = 19.4 m
Considering the approximate dimensions for electrical and control building is about 19.4 m x 13.6 m x
11.4 m

Ae = 19.4 *13.6 + 6* 11.4 * (19.4 + 13.6) + 9 π * (11.4) ² = 6193.71 m²

Ae = 6193.71 m²

7.3.1.3 FREQUENCY FORESEEN OF DIRECT STROKE THUNDERBOLT ON THE STRUCTURE

ND

Nd = Ngmax*Ae*C1*10-6 = 2 * 6193.71 * 1* 10-6 = 0.012

Nd = 0.012

7.3.1.4 FREQUENCY ACCEPTED TO STROKE THUNDERBOLT ON THE STRUCTURE NC

Nc = 5.5*10-3/C;

According to table B5.6.7.8 C =C2*C3* C4*C5 = 1

Nc =0.0055

7.3.1.5 EFFICIENCY E AND DISTANCE OF PRIMING D

E = 1-Nc/Nd = 1 – (0.0055/0,012) = 0,5416 0 < E ≤ 0, 80

According to table B9: D = 60 m (level III)

Gain in length of tracer: ∆L= 5 m

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Where considering the height of the electrical and control building is about 11.4 m, we confirm strongly
that the total height of electrical and control building equipped with of Early Streamer Emission (ESE)
lightning protection system is less than 20 m.

7.3.1.6 PROTECTIVE RADIUS R

Considering the following data: ∆L = 5 m; D = 60 m; h 20 m

For electrical and control room building, we will install an Early Streamer Emission for lightning
protection with a height of 2 m and a protective radius of 51.23 m.

7.3.2 ZONE B : LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM 0

7.3.2.1 DENSITY OF THUNDER -STRIKING TO SOIL NG (HYPOTHESIS)

Ng = 1 impact/year/km2 Ngmax = 2 impact/year/km2

According to table B2 the environment coefficient: C1 = 1

7.3.2.2 SURFACE OF CAPTURE TO PROTECT AE

Ae = 9.π.H²

H = 20 m

Ae = 11304 m²
7.3.2.3 FREQUENCY FORESEEN OF DIRECT STROKE THUNDERBOLT ON THE STRUCTURE ND

Nd = Ngmax*Ae*C1*10-6 = 2 * 11304 *1 *10-6

Nd = 0.022608

7.3.2.4 FREQUENCY ACCEPTED TO STROKE THUNDERBOLT ON THE STRUCTURE NC

Nc = 5.5*10-3/C;

According to table B5.6.7.8 C =C2*C3* C4*C5 = 1

Nc =0.0055

7.3.2.5 EFFICIENCY E AND DISTANCE OF PRIMING D

E = 1-Nc/Nd = 1 – (0.0055/0.022608) = 0.756723 0 < E ≤ 0, 80

According to table B9: D = 60 m (level III)

Gain in length of tracer: ∆L= 50 m

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Where considering the height of the lighting tower is about 18 m, we confirm strongly that the total height
of lighting Tower 3 equipped with of Early Streamer Emission (ESE) lightning protection system is about
20 m.

7.3.2.6 PROTECTIVE RADIUS R

Considering the following data: ∆L = 50 m; D = 60 m; h = 20 m

For the lighting Tower 3, we will install an Early Streamer Emission for lightning protection with a height
of 2 m and a protective radius of 102.47 m.

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