2022-23 ACADEMIC YEAR PERIOD 2

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY OBJECTIVES THAT ARE TESTED AT

INTERMEDIATE (CEFR B1) LEVEL

CAT 1 & CAT 2 & ECA

GRAMMAR OBJECTIVES VOCABULARY

CAT 1 Present continuous
Repeated Actions: To express criticism and MAKING CONNECTIONS 2 UNIT 1
annoyance at irritating behaviors
always / all the time / constantly / forever / MAKING CONNECTIONS 2 UNIT 2
continually
PATHWAYS 2 L &S UNIT 1
e.g. Dad is always cleaning the car when I want to
use it! PATHWAYS 2 L &S UNIT 2
Past Continuous PATHWAYS 2 L &S UNIT 3
To indicate something repeated or irritating with
words such as 'always' or 'constantly'.
e.g. She was always coming late for class. No
wonder she failed.

Linkers/Discourse Markers
Linking actions with results/comparing ideas/giving
supporting details
Exemplification (Such as)
Contrast (While, although, on the other hand)
Cause and effect (Since, because of, therefore)
Purpose (so that)
Sequence/Summary (In conclusion, to sum up)
Correlative Conjunctions either/or, neither/nor,
both…and… (singular & plural verb)
e.g. Neither Brian nor his wife mentioned anything
about moving house.
Neither Italy nor France got to the quarter finals last
year.
e.g. Either we go by train or we rent a car. Which do
you prefer?
It’s either black or grey. I can’t remember.
e.g. Both Britain and France agree on the treaty.
She both dances and sings.

Present perfect
A.To talk about recently finished actions
Already, just, still, so far, ever, never, lately,
recently, yet
B.Indefinite past: To express special unique
experiences in life.
It’s the first/second etc. time + pres. perf. simple
It’s the most .... I have ever...
 Present perfect continuous
(recent activity) To indicate duration of past actions
relevant to now (with action verbs: eat, read, study,
etc.)
How long/for/since/lately/all morning/week
e.g. They have been working in the garden for two
hours.
e.g. I have been cleaning the house all morning.

(result of a recent activity) To give reasons for

present conditions and states:
e.g. I’m out of breath because I’ve been running to
get here in time.

Prepositions of place, time and movement: To give

more information about place, time and movement
e.g. She is waiting at the bus stop.
You will have to wait for 10 minutes.
We can drive through the tunnel.
At, in, on, in/inside, outside, below, above, next to,
by, beside, opposite, on, under, over, through,
among, near, in front of, behind, along, across,
against, between, onto, off, into, out of, past, from,
to, towards, under, over, near

Past perfect
A. An action which happened in the past before
another past action.
(When, before, after, by the time, just, already)
B. As a narrative device to give background: To give
background to a story.
Futurity: was/were going to
Unfulfilled intentions
To talk about intended actions in the past which did
not happen:
e.g. My friend was going to pick me up at 5o’clock
but he got stuck in traffic.

Futurity: Future Continuous

Actions in progress at set time in the future
To talk about future plans and actions
This time next week
Talk about something that is predicted or
programmed to begin before a particular point in the
future

CAT 2 The grammar objectives that are tested in CAT 1 The units that are tested in CAT 1
above and … above and …
Passive Voice: All tenses at Intermediate Level
(present/past/future/perfect/continuous aspects)
Unknown/unimportant agent MAKING CONNECTIONS 2 UNIT 3
When the person who carries out the action is
unknown, unimportant, obvious from the context, or MAKING CONNECTIONS 2 UNIT 4
is intended to be kept anonymous:
MAKING CONNECTIONS 2 UNIT 5
Emphasis on agent By+agent
To give details of historical facts, past actions:
PATHWAYS 2 L &S UNIT 3
Modal verbs
Could (Suggestions /offer solutions to problems) PATHWAYS 2 L &S UNIT 4
need to/ought to/had better (not) (Advice)
Had to (Obligation and necessity (past form) PATHWAYS 2 L &S UNIT 5
Didn’t have to/need to (Lack of necessity (Past
Form) PATHWAYS 2 L &S UNIT 6

Relative Clauses (Defining/ Non-defining&

subject and object position)
Supplementary language work: Who(m), which, that
Whose Where When Punctuation: , ...,
A. to give necessary information
The lady who lives next door has lots of pets.
This is the man whose dog bit me.
The hotel where he stayed was fantastic.

B. to give further details

My grandfather, who is 87, goes swimming every
day

Comparative adverbs- similarity/differences-

Compare actions- Adverbs –
 (much) more/less + adverb e.g.
more/less slowly
 (not) as+adverb+as
e.g. She’s not singing as loudly as she
can.
They didn’t play as well as they
usually do.
 irregular adverbs
(e.g. well-better, hard-harder, far-
farther, little-less, much-more, badly-
worse, early-earlier, late-later)
Unless
To replace if... not in conditional sentences:

In case
To express that we are doing something in
preparation for something which might happen:

2nd conditional (hypothetical situations)

2nd Conditional (Hypothetical situations)
 A. To express imaginary or improbable
situations which are unlikely to happen in the
future (unlikely future)
B. To express imaginary or improbable
situations which are unlikely to happen in the
present (unreal present)
C. To give advice

Gerunds/Infinitives
Infinitives and gerunds as subjects and objects
(according to the intermediate word list)
A. To use after certain verbs - (refer to
intermediate word list)
She postponed going to the doctor.
He attempted to open the door.
B. Infinitives as the subject of the sentence
To find fault with others is easy.

ALL INTERMEDIATE LEVEL GRAMMAR INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

ECA OBJECTIVES that are tested above and … WORDLIST (EXCEL)
Intensifiers- emphasis
Describing events, people and the world- MAKING CONNECTIONS 2 Wordlist (all
So adj/adv that, such a/an adj noun that the units)
e.g. He’s so lazy that he never helps out with the
PATHWAYS 2 L&S Wordlist (all the
housework.
units)
They speak so quickly that I cannot understand
them.
She is such a hard-working colleague that I
always look forward to working with her.

Reported speech & Direct Speech

- to report news, conversations with “said/told”
e.g. Sandra told me that she wasn’t happy at her job
and she thought she would quit.
- changes in time adverbials and pronouns
- to report news, conversations with Simple
Present/Present Cont.
- The exact meaning of what someone said, but not
the exact words
e.g. Mary says that she wants help.
e.g. Alison says that she is studying.
- no tense shifts: When we talk about natural
phenomena, scientific rules, general truth, etc., there
is no tense change.
"The earth revolves round the sun."
The teacher explained to his students that the
earth revolves round the sun.
- Direct Speech (all tenses at Intermediate)
The exact words someone said
e.g. “I want help.” Mary says.