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9
Mathematics
Quarter 4, Wk.2 - Module 2
Trigonometric Ratios

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Math- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4, Wk.2 - Module 2: Trigonometric Ratios
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Iligan City

Schools Division Superintendent: Roy AngeloL. Gazo, PhD.,CESO V

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Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director

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Asst. Regional Director

Roy Angelo E. Gazo, PhD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

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AssistantSchools Division Superintendent

Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD

Members Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS

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Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City
Telefax: (063)221-6069

9
E-mail Address: iligan.city@deped.gov.ph

Mathematics
Quarter 4, Wk.2 - Module 2
(Trigonometric Ratios)

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About........................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know..................................................................................................................... i
How to Learn from this Module.................................................................................................... ii
Icons of this Module...................................................................................................................... ii

What I Know.................................................................................................................................. iii

Lesson 1:
(Solving Right Triangles Using Trigonometric Ratios)............................ 1
What I Need to Know........................................................................................... 1
What’s In............................................................................................................... 1
What Is It............................................................................................................... 2
What’s More.......................................................................................................... 5
What I Have Learned........................................................................................... 8
What I Can Do...................................................................................................... 9

Summary..................................................................................................................................... 9
Assessment: (Post-Test) ........................................................................................................ 10
Key to Answers......................................................................................................................... 11
Reference .................................................................................................................................. 12
What This Module is About

Have you ever tried to ask yourselves how towers and buildings were
constructed? How about the distance traveled as well as the height of an airplane as
it takes off? Can you determine the height of a mountain? Did you know that we can
do all these things even if we are not in the real place or situation? These are just
some of many real-world applications of triangle trigonometry.

Try to observe your house, some buildings or even bridges, what specific
figure or shape do you usually see? Among all figures, triangle is one the most
commonly used, especially in the field of engineering. This is due to the fact that; this
figure is considered as the most stable one. Triangles can be solved in many ways,
and to solve a triangle means to know all three sides and all three angles.

Triangle comes in different forms and names as well. And for this module, we
are going to talk about Right Triangles. Here, we’re going to learn how to solve
Right Triangles. There are actually many ways to solve right triangles, but for this
module, we will focus on the application of the six Trigonometric Ratios you just
learned on the previous module. There are a lot of real – life problems where we can
use Trigonometric Ratios to solve such. As you go along with this module, try to do
all the activities to find out how interesting and helpful triangles are in our lives.

What I Need to Know

This is a one – lesson module. In this module, you will learn to:

 Solve Right Triangles using the Six Trigonometric Ratios

 Solve Problems involving Trigonometric Ratios

i
How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

ii
 What I Know (Pre – Test)
Let’s find out how much you already know about this module. Try to
answer the following questions as much as you can by writing the letter that you
think is the correct answer on your answer sheet. Take note of the items that you
weren’t able to answer correctly and then let us find out the correct answer as we go
through this module.
x
1. Given the figure on the right, which of the following statement 70o
is correct? 4
y
y
a.) x = 4 b.) sin 70o =
4
y 4
c.) tan 70o = d.) cos 70o =
x x C

65o
2. In the triangle COV, what is the length of CO? 15 in
a.) 5.78 in b.) 4.54 in
c.) 6.34 in d.) 7.28 in V
O
V

3. In the triangle VID, what is the m∠V to the nearest degree?

21
a.) 65o b.) 57o
c.) 81 o
d.) 73o
D 19 I
4. What is the value of x? 45 o

a.) 2 √2 b.) 3 √ 2 x
8
c.) 4 √ 2 d.) 5 √ 2 45o

5. Find the value of side y to the nearest unit. x

a.) 20 b.) 23 y
c.) 21 d.) 24 50o
18
6. A ladder lean against a brick wall. The foot of the ladder is 10 ft from the wall. The
ladder reaches a height of 18 ft on the wall. Find to the nearest degree, the angle
the makes with the wall.
a.) 35o b.) 25o c.) 39o d.) 29o

7. A 67 ft wire connects a point on the ground to the top of a pole. The cable makes
an angle of 55o with the ground. What is the height of the pole to the neartest foot
a.) 35 ft b.) 55 ft c.) 65 ft d.) 75 ft

8. An airplane climbs at an angle of 20 o with the ground. Find the ground distance
the plane travels as it moves 3000 m through the air. Give your answer to the
nearest 100 m.
a.) 3500 m b.) 4700 m c.) 5300 m d.) 2800 m

9. You are designing a ramp hre the horizontal distance is thrice the vertical rise.
What will be the ramp angle to the nearest degree?
a.) 15o b.) 18o c.) 20o d.) 23o

iii
10. You see Mr. Gomez flying a kite in the park. The kite string is 55 meters long.
What angle does the string need to form with the ground so that the kite is 35
meters off of the ground?
a.) 40o b.) 38o c.) 50o d.) 63o

iv
Lesson
Solving Right Triangles Using
1 Trigonometric Ratios

What I Need to Know

Start Lesson 2 of this module by checking your prior mathematical
knowledge and skills that will help you in understanding the use of
trigonometric ratios in solving right triangles. As you go through this lesson, try
to think and answer this important question: How are the concept of
Trigonometric Ratios used in finding solutions to real-life problems and in
making decisions? To find the answer, perform each activity. If you find
difficulty in answering the exercises, ask assistance from your teacher, peers
or parents, you can also refer to the modules you have studied earlier.

What’s In
Activity 1: I am Right!
Direction: The length of one side of each right triangle below is unknown.
Determine the length of this side. Explain how you obtained your
answer.

1. 2.
? ?
3 4

4 6

3. 4.
15
? 8
12

1
 In the activity you have just answered, were you able to determine the
length of the unknown side of each right triangle? I know you were able to do
it! The mathematical principles you applied in finding each unknown side is just
one of the many ways that you can use in solving right triangles. As you
proceed on this lesson, you will learn new principles in solving right triangles.

What Is It

Solving a right triangle means finding the measure of the remaining

parts. On your previous lesson, you have learned how to solve one side of a
triangle given two sides using the Pythagorean Theorem. This time, you will
learn new concept in solving parts of a right triangle.

Remember the six trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine, tangent, secant,

cosecant and cotangent) you have just learned on the previous lesson? In this
section you are going to apply your knowledge on trigonometric ratios in solving
right triangles.

A. Solving a right triangle given the measure of the two parts; the length of
the hypotenuse and the length of one leg

Example: Triangle ABC is a right triangle at C. If c = 25 and a = 19, find ∠A, ∠B

and b. Express your answers in two decimal places.

Solution: Sketch the figure A

a. Side a is the adjacent side of ∠B; c is the
hypotenuse of right triangle ABC. Using CAH,
that is
b c = 25
adjacent
cos θ =
hypotenuse

a B
cos B = C a = 19
c

19
cos B =
25

cos B = 0.76

Using your scientific calculator, ∠B =40.54o

b. Since in part (a), you have solved ∠B = 40.54o

then, ∠A = 90o – 40.54o
∠A = 49.46o
2
c. Using the Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2
(19)2 + b2 = 252
361 + b2 = 625
b2 = 625 – 361
b2 = 264
b2 = √ 264
b2 = 16.25

B. Solving a right triangle given the length of the hypotenuse and the
measure of one acute angle

Example: Triangle ABC is a right-angled at C. If c = 30 and ∠B = 55o, find, ∠A, b,

and a.

Solution: A
a. To solve for ∠A, since ∠A and ∠B are
complementary angles, then
∠A + ∠B = 90o
b c = 30
∠A = 90o - 55o
∠A = 35o
55o
B
C a
b. To find a, since a is the adjacent side of ∠B and c is the hypotenuse, then you
can use CAH.

adjacent
cos θ =
hypotenuse
a
cos B =
c
a
cos 55o =
30
a = 30 cos 55o
a = 30 (0.5736)
a = 17.21

c. To solve for b, since b is the opposite side of ∠B and c is the hypotenuse, then
you can use SOH.

opposite
sin θ =
hypotenuse
b
sin B =
c
b
sin 55 o =
30
b = 30 sin 55o
b = 30 (0.8192)
b = 24.58
3
C. Solving a right triangle given the length of one leg and the measure of
one acute angle

Example: Triangle ABC is a right-angled at C. If ∠A = 60o and a = 17 in, find ∠B,

b, and c.

Solution: A
a. To find ∠B, since ∠A and ∠B are
complementary angles, then 60o
∠A + ∠B = 90o
b c
∠B = 90o - 60o
∠B = 30o

B
C a = 17
b. To solve for b, since b is the adjacent side and a is the opposite side of ∠A,
then you can use TOA.

opposite
tanθ =
adjacent
a
tan A =
b
17
tan 60o =
b
o
b tan 60 = 17
b (1.7321) = 17
17
b=
1.7321
b = 9.81 in

c. To find the value of c, since c is the hypotenuse and a is the opposite side of
∠A, then you can use SOH.

opposite
sin θ = Try it!
hypotenuse
Use the
a
sin A = Pythagorean
c
Theorem to solve
o 17 for the value of c.
sin 60 =
c Check if you get the
c sin 60 = 17
o
same answer.
c (0.8660) = 17
17
c=
0.8660
c = 19.63 in

D. Solving a right triangle given the length of the two legs

4
Example: Triangle ABC is a right-angled at C. If a = 15.5 in and b = 10.8 in, find
∠B, ∠A, and c.

Solution:
a. To find c, use Pythagorean Theorem: A

c2 = a2 + b2
c2 = (15.5)2 + (10.8)2 c
c2 = (15.5)2 + (10.8)2 b = 10.8
c2 = 240.25 + 116.64
c2 = 356.89 B
CC a = 17
c = √ 356.89 a = 15.5 B
c = 18.89

b. To solve for ∠A, since a and b are opposite and adjacent side of ∠A
respectively, then you can use TOA.

opposite
tanθ =
adjacent
a
tan A =
b
15.5
tan A =
10.8
tan A = 1.4352

Using your scientific calculator, ∠A = 55.13o

c. Since ∠A and ∠B are complementary angles, then the measure of ∠B can be

solved like this:

∠A + ∠B = 90o
∠B = 90o – 55.13o
∠B = 34.87o

You have just learned the six trigonometric ratios and how it can be use
in solving right triangles. Make sure that you will be able to use these in the
succeeding activities.

What’s More
Activity 2: I Missed You, But Now I Found You!
Direction: Find the measure of each indicated angle/side on the right
triangles below. Express your answers in two decimal places.

A C
12 5
1. 2
6

θ θ
R T
15

6
 V
θ
S 11 Y
3. 4. 60o
3
x

I 3 D
K

Q I

x
5. x 6.
53o
32 o
N S
5
R 13 S

11 K
F θ B
50o
7. 8.
4.4 5

x M
A L

Questions:

a. How did you solve the unknown angle or side of the right tiangles?
b. What mathematics concepts or principles did you apply to solve
each right triangles?
c. Did you find any difficulty in finding the answers? What technique or
strategy can you think of to solve it the easy way?

How did you find the preceding activity? Was it easy? I am sure it was!
Find out from your peers if you had the same answers or strategies in solving.
If not, discover why. In the next activity, you are going to apply the concept of
Trigonometric Ratios in solving real-life problems.

7
Activity 3: Find Out More!
Direction: Find the measure of each indicated angle/side on the right
triangles below. Express your answers using two decimal places.

1. A ladder placed against a wall such that it reaches the top of the wall of
height 6 m and the ladder is inclined at an angle of 60 degrees. Find how far
the ladder is from the foot of the wall.

2. A string of a kite is 100 meters long and it makes an angle of 60° with
horizontal. Find the height of the kite, assuming that there is no slack in the
string.

3. The sides of a rectangle are 25 cm and 8 cm. What is the measure, to the
nearest degree, of the angle formed by the short side and a diagonal of the
rectangle?

4. A ramp has an angle of inclination of 25°. It has a vertical height of 2.3 m.

What is the length of the ramp in meters?

5. The stringer that supports the stairs makes an angle of 55° with the floor. It
reaches 4.7 m up the wall. How far is the base of the stringer from the wall?

6. An observation tower is 75 m high. A support wire is attached to the tower

from the top. If the support wire and the ground form an angle of 46 degrees,
what is the length of the support wire?

7. A tiny but horrible alien is standing at the top of the PLDT Tower (which
is 324meters tall) and threatening to destroy the city of Iligan. A Men in Black
agent is standing at ground level, 54 meters across the PLDT Tower, aiming
his laser gun at the alien. At what angle, in degrees, should the agent shoot
his laser gun?

8. Rosa is trying to determine the angle at which to aim her sprinkler nozzle
to water the top of a 7 ft bush in her yard. Assuming the water takes a straight
path and the sprinkler is on the ground 4 ft from the tree, at what angle of
inclination should she set it?

9. A fisherman makes his way home from fishing overnight. After some time,
he sees the tip of the roof of his house, which has a height of 12 feet. If he is
looking at the top of the roof at angle of 20 o, how far is he from his house?

10. Francis and his brother is planning a surprise for his father who is about to
go home after a 14-day of being quarantined. They hide themselves with a
plank of wood leaning on the wall near their house. If the plank is leaning at
an angle of 70o from the ground and the bottom of the plank is 1.71m from the
wall, how long is the plank?

8
 What I Have Learned
Activity 4: Try Me!

Use the given figure to solve the remaining parts of right

triangle AIR.

1. a = 17 and i = 25 A
2. i = 15 and r = 9
3. a = 10 and ∠R = 50o
4. r = 13 and ∠R = 37o i
r
5. i = 20 and ∠A = 66o

I a R
Using the figure below, write the expression that gives the
required unknown value.

1. If ∠W = 17o and e = 35, find w.

2. If ∠W = 67o and w = 23, find n. N
3. If ∠W = 53o and w = 10, find e.
4. If w = 17.5 and ∠W = 61o, find n.
5. If w = 23 and ∠N = 18o, find e. e
w
6. If e = 15 and w = 8, find n.
7. If n = 10 and e = 25, find w.
8. If ∠W = 19o and w = 19, find e. W n E
9. If w = 7 and n = 13, find ∠W.
10. If w = 13 and e = 22, find ∠N.

Questions:
a. How did you find the answers?
b. What mathematics concepts you have learned in the activity?
c. Do you think you can apply these concepts in your daily life?
How? Why?

Your skills in solving the missing angles and sides of a right triangle
were developed through the previous activities. The following activity will help
you to apply the six trigonometric ratios in your daily life activities.

9
 What I Can Do
Activity 5: Let’s Have an Experiment!

Perform the experiment and answer the questions that follow. Show your
complete solution.

Materials: stick (110cm long), ruler, pen/pencil and paper

Instructions: 1. Find an open area where direct sunlight is present.
2. Bury the stick vertically 10 cm in the ground.
3. Measure and record the shadow casted by the stick for every
time interval shown in the table below.
4. Complete the table below.

9 AM 11 AM 1 PM
Stick (cm) 100 100 100
Casted Shadow (cm)
Angle (ɵ)

stick Questions: 1. What mathematical concept did you use in

completing the table? Why?
2. What is the relationship between the time and the
shadow casted by the stick?
ɵ 3. How does the casted shadow relates with the
angles you have solved?
shadow 4. Site an example where this concept is being used

Summary

This lesson was about the six trigonometric ratios. Various activities
were provided to help you understand the use of the six trigonometric ratios in
solving missing angles and sides of a right triangle and applied them to real-life
situations. Your knowledge in this lesson will help you understand the next
topic, which is, the trigonometric ratios of special angles.

10
 Assessment: (Post-Test)
Choose the letter that you think best answers each of the following
questions.

1. What is the value of x? 45o

a.) 2 √2 b.) 3 √ 2 x
8
c.) 4 √ 2 d.) 5 √ 2 45o

2. Find the value of side y to the nearest unit. x

a.) 20 b.) 23 y
c.) 21 d.) 24 50o
18

x
3. Given the figure on the right, which of the following statement 70o
is correct? 4
y
y
a.) x = 4 b.) sin 70o =
4
y 4
c.) tan 70o = d.) cos 70o =
x x C

65o
4. In the triangle COV, what is the length of CO? 15 in
a.) 5.78 in b.) 4.54 in
c.) 6.34 in d.) 7.28 in V
O
V

5. In the triangle VID, what is the m∠V to the nearest degree?

21
a.) 65o b.) 57o
c.) 81o d.) 73o
D 19 I
6. You see Mr. Gomez flying a kite in the park. The kite string is 55 meters long.
What angle does the string need to form with the ground so that the kite is 35
meters off of the ground?
a.) 40o b.) 38o c.) 50o d.) 63o

7. You are designing a ramp hre the horizontal distance is thrice the vertical rise.
What will be the ramp angle to the nearest degree?
a.) 15o b.) 18o c.) 20o d.) 23o
8. An airplane climbs at an angle of 20 o with the ground. Find the ground distance
the plane travels as it moves 3000 m through the air. Give your answer to the
nearest 100 m.
a.) 3500 m b.) 4700 m c.) 5300 m d.) 2800 m

9. A ladder lean against a brick wall. The foot of the ladder is 10 ft from the wall. The
ladder reaches a height of 18 ft on the wall. Find to the nearest degree, the angle
the makes with the wall.
a.) 35o b.) 25o c.) 39o d.) 29o
10. A 67 ft wire connects a point on the ground to the top of a pole. The cable makes
an angle of 55o with the ground. What is the height of the pole to the neartest foot
a.) 35 ft b.) 55 ft c.) 65 ft d.) 75 ft

11
 Key to Answers

What I Need to Know (Pre-Test)

1.) d 6.) d
2.) c 7.) b
3.) a 8.) d
4.) c 9.) b
5.) c 10.) a

Activity 1: I am Right!
1.) 5
2.) 2 √13
3.) 12
4.) 4 √5

Activity 2: I Missed You, But Now I Found You!

1.) 36.87o 5.) 8.12
2.) 41.81 o
6.) 3.99
3.) 45o 7.) 66.42o
4.) 5.5 8.) 5.96o

Activity 3: Find Out More!

1.) 6 √ 3 6.) 104.26
2.) 50 √ 3 7.) 80.54o
3.) 72.26o 8.) 60.26o
4.) 5.44 9.) 32.97
5.) 3.29 10.) 5

Activity 4: Try Me!

I. 1.) r = 18.33, ∠A = 42.84o, ∠R = 47.16o II. 1.) 10.23 6.) 12.69
2.) i = 17.49, ∠A = 59.04o, ∠R = 30.96o 2.) 9.76 7.) 22.91
3.) r = 11.92, i = 15.56, ∠A = 40o 3.) 12.52 8.) 6.19
4.) a = 17.25, i = 21.60, ∠A = 53o 4.) 9.70 9.) 28.30o
5.) r = 8.14, a = 18.27, ∠R = 24o 5.) 24.18 10.) 53.78o

Assessment (Post-Test)
1.) c 6.) a
2.) c 7.) b
3.) d 8.) d
4.) c 9.) d
5.) a 10.) b

12
References

"Trigonometry Word Problems Worksheet with Answers." Onlinemath4all. Accessed

July 13, 2020. https://www.onlinemath4all.com/trigonometry-word-problems-
worksheet-with-answers.html.

AlamandaMaths – "Daring to Be Wise". Accessed July 13, 2020.

https://www.alamandamaths.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/4-1-Right-Triangle-
Trigonometry-WS.pdf.

"Right Triangle Trigonometry Word Problems." Khan Academy. Accessed

July 13, 2020. https://www.khanacademy.org/math/geometry/hs-geo-trig/hs-geo-
modeling-with-right-triangles/e/applying-right-triangles?
utm_account=Grant&utm_campaignname=Grant_Math_Dynamic&gclid=Cj0KCQjwo
PL2BRDxARIsAEMm9y-5ji84tZZo10n-
o0f8wADR42JpVlZ_hTcCY9z9tgD_Mi6s_I0UsZ8aAghvEALw_wcB.
http://clipartbarn.com/notepad-clipart_11647/

"Trigonometric Ratios (solutions, Examples, Worksheets, Videos, Activities)."

Www.onlinemathlearning.com. Accessed July 13, 2020.
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/basic-trigonometric-ratios.html.

"Trigonometry Word Problems." CK-12 Foundation. Last modified August 2, 2016.

https://www.ck12.org/trigonometry/trigonometry-word-problems/lesson/Trigonometry-
Word-Problems-GEOM/.

Mr Santowski's Math Page. Accessed July 13, 2020.

https://mrsantowski.tripod.com/2015IntegratedMath2/LessonNotes/IM2L3.4_Trigono
metry_Word_Problems.pdf.

13
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Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper BalulangCagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

14