Curriculum Vitae

Name : Sidiq Rohmadi

Born, Age : 1988 , 33 Years
Education : Bachelor degree of Nuclear
Techno physic
Work Experience : 10 Years
Certificate : API 570 Piping Inspector
: GWUT Level II
: CSWIP 3.1 Welding Inspector
: ASNT Level II (MT, PT, UT)
Outline
• Guide Wave Introduction
» Typical Applications
» Typical Application Example
» The basics
» Typical Performance
» Wavemaker G4 Capabilities
» Reporting
 Typical Applications
• Pipe racks
• Insulated pipe
• Pipe with restricted access
• Road crossings
• Submerged pipe
• Buried pipe
• High Temperature pipe
Guided Waves:
The Basics
Propagation Along, Not Through a
Structure
Transducer
Conventional
Structure

Region of structure inspected

Transducer
Guided waves
Structure

Region of structure inspected

The pipe walls form a guide for ultrasonic waves,

which directs them down the length of the pipe

PT. Radiant Utama Interinsco

 Reflection from a Feature
(such as corrosion)

Transducer

Structure

When the guided wave hits a change in cross section

(or impedance), it reflects back toward the transducer
 Standard UT vs. Guided Waves
• Standard UT • Guided Waves
– high frequency – low frequency
– short wavelength – long wavelength
– sensitive to small – sensitive to “small”
defects at high defects even at low
frequencies frequencies
– point measurement – rapid screening
 Key Advantages
In service inspection

Rapid 100% coverage

Limited access required

High Temperature Inspection

 The Torsional Mode

Longitudinal Wave
Torsional Wave
(Expand and reduce pipe axis)
(twisting of the pipe, think of
Pipe content affected, create
a shear wave)
attenuation
Precisely detect Cross
Less accurate on locating
Section Change location and
defect
orientation from Test Point
At every change in cross section
there is a reflection of the guided
waves

The dark grey

Section represents the
Cross-sectional area
Change in cross-sectional area
Method is equally sensitive to defects at any
though wall position
Method is sensitive to changes in cross section
(increase or decrease)
Reflection from welds and flanges are used as a
reference
Amplitude of reflection is scaled with distance
 For example a weld

Incoming wave (100% of energy)

Reflected wave Transmitted wave

(20% of energy) (80% of energy)
At each reflection the transmitted
energy becomes less
Incoming wave (100% of energy)

20% 80%

16% 64%
13% 51%
These effects appear as an amplitude
decay
The reflected amplitude from distant features will be smaller
than for close features
DAC curves are used to compensate for this

0.6 -F1 -F2 -F3 -F4 -F5

Amp (mV)

0.4

0.2

0.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
Distance (m)
 Symmetric Reflections
When they reflect from a symmetric feature (such as a weld),
they are reflected as a symmetric wave which appears as a
black trace

Pipe

Symmetric Reflector
 Non-symmetric Reflectors
When reflecting off non-symmetric features some non-
symmetric waves are also created
These appear as a red and black trace
The amplitude of the red trace gives the degree of non symmetry
 Symmetry Example
BLACK lines represent symmetric features
Uniform around the circumference
RED lines represent non-symmetric features
Varies around the circumference

A non-symmetric
A symmetric weld defect

#12403
 The ratio of Red to Black depends on the
circumferential extent of the feature

When the 1 When the feature

Amplitude Ratio

feature does not extends

extend very far significantly
around the around the
circumference, circumference,
0
RED = BLACK 0 50 100 RED << BLACK
Circumferential Extent (percent)

PT. Radiant Utama Interinsco

 Determining Wall Thickness Reduction
The remaining wall thickness can never be measured
directly by using this technique, which should
always be considered a screening tool

It is necessary to prove up any defective areas using

a complementary method such as UT thickness
measurement or visual inspection
Wavemaker G4
Capabilities
 Wavemaker G4
System Components
 Wavemaker G4
System Components
 Wavemaker G4
System Components
 Pipe Diameters
•Pipes up to 75 inches (2 metres) in diameter have been inspected
•Pipes down to ¾ inch (19mm) can be inspected using special rings
 Diagnostic Range
In ideal conditions 200m of pipe can be screened in each
direction from a single test location

Typically range on above ground pipe is 50m

For buried pipes 20m in each direction is more typical unless

the pipe is sleeved
Test Range
 Unrolled Pipe “C-Scan”
Circumferential orientation can now be determined accurately

Works best with newly developed 16 channel rings

Gives equivalent information as in-line inspection tools

 Unrolled Pipe Example

Defect at 150° Defect at 50° (close

(close to bottom) to top)
 Limiting Factors
General condition of pipe determines detection threshold and range

Some coatings and coverings (for example earth) reduce range

High external noise, such as compressors, reduce performance

 Effect of Pipe Contents

Gases - No effect
Liquids - No effect when low viscosity
Sludge -Heavy viscous deposits in the pipe attenuate the
signal and reduce the test range
Typical Application
Examples
 Pipe racks
Pipe racks are generally easy to
test, can be screened from a
single test location
Insulated pipes
Small section of insulation removed at each test point

PT. Radiant Utama Interinsco

Overhead pipes
Minimum access needed
High Temperature Pipe
Up to 350OC pipe temperature
Sleeved Road crossings
Only external access is required.

Up to 25m can be screened from a single location

depending on coatings
 Wall penetrations
Only external access
is required.

Concrete walls up to
1m thick and earth
walls up to 20m
thick can be
screened
Buried Pipes

Holes dug at pre-

defined intervals

Around 20m of pipe

can be tested in each
direction from a
single location
(depending on pipe,
coating and soil
conditions)
 Offshore Pipe
Riser splash-zone inspection (top side)

Sub-sea pipe inspected using special

transducer rings and instrumentation
REPORTING
Site details including GPS
location, operator and
equipment used

List of pipe features with

distance, type and operator
notes

A-Scan trace showing the

post processed data for
review
REPORTING
Detailed feature and defect
location marked.
Defect location and
orientation marked for
follow-up inspection (e.g.
UT thickness).
PT. Radiant Utama Interinsco
PT. Radiant Utama Interinsco
Thank you