Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and

World Languages

SIW
Task: Prepare a table of glossary and terms comparing 3 profiles: humanities,
economics and natural sciences

Done by: Tugelbay Shugila 302 group

Almaty 2022
 Glossary of Economic terms
Term Definition
1. Autarky economic self-sufficiency of one or more countries;
isolation of a country's economy from the economies
of other countries

2. Bankruptcy means inability to make payments on debt

obligations, certified by a court

3. Business plan a detailed, clearly structured document that describes

the state of an enterprise, its goals, how to achieve
them and the expected results

4. Capital an economic resource defined as the sum of material,

monetary and intellectual resources used in
entrepreneurial activity

5. Capital flight outflow of capital from the country due to economic

and political instability, high taxes, for laundering ill-
gotten gains, etc.

6. Cashless money records in bank accounts

7. Exchange rate the ratio between the exchange rate of two units of
money or the price of one country expressed in a unit
of money of another country

8. Gross income is the product of the price and quantity of production.

9. International people who move from one country to another for the
Migrants purpose of employment and permanent residence

10. International economic relations between legal and physical people

economic relations of different countries

11. Investment climate situation in the country from the point of view of
foreign businessmen who invest their money in its
economy

12. Investor is a legal entity or individual making investments

13. Labor Exchange an institution that provides specialized services for

 employment of citizens on the labor market

14. Monetary market the market of short-term credit operations including

the accounting, interbank and foreign exchange
markets

15. Public debt the accumulated debt of government agencies

16. Public sector of the totality of enterprises and organizations owned

economy
17. Poverty the economic condition of a segment of society in
which a certain segment of the population has no
minimum means of existence according to society's
standards.

18. Refugees people leaving a country or territory within a country

for reasons of political, economic or ethnic
discrimination, or as a result of wars and natural
disasters

19. State extra-budgetary monetary funds of the state, which are designated for
funds a specific purpose and are not included in the budget

20. Unemployment a social and economic phenomenon in which part of

the labor force is not employed in public production.
There are several types of unemployment: structural,
cyclical, frictional, seasonal, partial, hidden, stagnant,
technological

Glossary of Natural sciences terms

Term Definition
1. Anabolism The process whereby cells build molecules and store
energy

2. Atmospheric pressure the pressure exerted by atoms and molecules in the

atmosphere surrounding Earth, resulting from
collisions of these particles with objects

3. Atom basic unit of matter

4. Biogeography study of past and present distribution of organisms

5. Biome a group of ecosystems with similar climates and

organisms

6. Biosphere consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth
in which life exists, including land, water, and the
atmosphere.

7. Carrying capacity the largest population that an area can support

8. Cell the basic unit of structure and function in living

things

9. Community a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the

same region and interacting with each other
10. Differential phenomenon in which individuals with adaptive
reproduction genetic traits produce more living offspring than do
individuals without such traits.

11. Diffraction the bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle

or passes through a narrow opening

12. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of higher

concentration to an area of lower concentration.

13. Ecology the study of how living things interact with each
other and their environment

14. Environmental All environmental conditions that affect the plants’

condition ability to move water through itself by altering its’
ability to control water movement/loss.

15. Extinction The death of the last surviving individual of a species

that results in total annihilation of the entire group of
 taxa is known as extinction. The best example of
extinction is dinosaurs.

16. Fischer-Tropsch the set of reactions in which organic molecules like

process carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into
liquid hydrocarbons

17. Hypothesis a tentative explanation based on facts, observation

and incomplete evidence to explain a concept that is
yet not verified

18. Immortalizing The growth of a primary cell that grows indefinitely

Oncogene in a culture due to transfer of a gene

19. Leukocytes The white blood cells of the immune system, that
defend the body against infectious diseases and
foreign materials

20. Microbiology The branch of science that studies the life cycle and
effects of microscopic organisms in the environment
and other living creatures invisible to the naked eye

Glossary of Humanities terms

Term Definition
1. Acceptable risk Degree of human and material loss that is perceived
by the community or relevant authorities as tolerable
in actions to minimize disaster risk.

2. Accountability Individuals and groups being held responsible for

their actions.
3. Civilian populations Groups of unarmed people, including women,
children, the sick and elderly, refugees and internally
displaced persons, who are not directly engaged in
the armed conflict.

4. Epidemic Affecting or tending to affect a disproportionately

large number of individuals within a population,
community, or region at the same time.

5. Famine A catastrophic food shortage affecting large numbers

of people due to climatic, environmental and socio-
economic reasons

6. Globalization The increasing integration of national economies into

expanding international markets.

7. Host communities Communities that host large populations of refugees

or internally displaced persons, typically in camps or
integrated into households directly.

8. Human rights Agreed international standards that recognize and

protect the dignity and integrity of every individual,
without any distinction.

9. Humanitarian Aid that seeks, to save lives and alleviate suffering of

assistance a crisis-affected population.

10. Internally displaced Persons or groups of persons who have been forced
person or obliged to leave their homes or habitual residence

11. International law A body of laws regulating relations between States.

12. Knowledge Awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a

fact or situation.

13. Local responders
14. Network
People who live in countries affected by disaster and
who respond to them either as individuals or through
local organizations. This specifically refers to people
responding to crisis in their own area.
A group or system of interconnected people or things
who interact or engage in informal communication
with others for mutual assistance or support.
15. Non-governmental An organized entity that is functionally independent
organization of, and does not represent, a government or State.

16. Protection A concept that encompasses all activities aimed at

obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual
in accordance with the letter and spirit of human
rights, refugee and international humanitarian law.

17. Refugee camp A plot of land temporarily made available to host

refugees fleeing from an armed conflict in temporary
homes.

18. Stakeholder An individual or group who has an interest in and

influences activities, programs and objectives.

19. Sustainable Refers to the maintenance of an organization's high

organization performance levels in respect of financial indicators,
performance people management and environmental and societal
contribution over the long term.

20. Target groups The groups that the Academy will seek to support
and involve – including humanitarian professionals,
informal humanitarians and policy makers,
communities.