GLOBAL MIGRATION

AND
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

GROUP 9
Barca, Julie Ann
Sumayod, Edcel
Panis, Kevin
Rexon
Table of Content

GLOBAL MIGRATION
I. Definition of Global Migration
II. Two Types of Migration
i. Internal Migration
ii. International Migration
III. Forms of Migration

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
I. Definition of Sustainable Development
II. Measures of Sustainable Development
III. Examples of Sustainable Development
IV. How to achieve Sustainable Development
V. 17 Goals of Sustainable Development
GLOBAL MIGRATION

What is Global Migration?

The temporary or permanent movement of people from one place to another.

There are two types of Migration;

1. Internal Migration
 This refers to a change of residence within national boundaries, such
as between states, provinces, cities, or municipalities. An internal
migrant is someone who moves to a different administrative territory.

Read more: Migration - Types Of Migration - Family, International, and

Internal - JRank Articles https://family.jrank.org/pages/1169/Migration-
Types-Migration.html#ixzz7O5PfiFHn
2. International Migration
 This refers to change of residence over national boundaries. An
international migrant is someone who moves to a different country

Read more: Migration - Types Of Migration - Family, International, and

Internal - JRank Articles https://family.jrank.org/pages/1169/Migration-
Types-Migration.html#ixzz7O5PrLuB0
International Migration can be further broken down into five groups;

1. Move permanently to another country (immigrants)

2. Workers who stay in another for a fixed period ( at least 6 months in a year)

3. Illegal migrants

4. Whose families have “petitioned” them to move the destination country

5. Refugees ( Asylum- seeker).

The migrants come now with different criterion. Stephen Castles provided the
different criteria.
Stephen Castles Understanding Global Migration
https://www.migrationinstitute.org/files/news/sc-paper-imiscoe-theory-conf-d3.pdf
1. Temporary Labor
A temporary worker generally enters a country for a fixed-time period for a
particular occupation or employer, must leave when the period expires, and in
most cases is not entitled to family reunification or adjustment to permanent
 residence. Temporary worker programs cover both unskilled and highly skilled
labor.
2. Highly Skilled and Business Migrants

3. Illegal Migrants
Legal immigrants are foreign-born people legally admitted to the U.S.
Undocumented immigrants, also called illegal aliens, are foreign-born people
who do not possess a valid visa or other immigration documentation, because
they entered the U.S. without inspection, stayed longer than their temporary
visa permitted, or otherwise violated the terms under which they were
admitted.

4. Refugees
A refugee is a person who has fled their own country because they are at risk
of serious human rights violations and persecution there. The risks to their
safety and life were so great that they felt they had no choice but to leave
and seek safety outside their country because their own government cannot
or will not protect them from those dangers. Refugees have a right to
international protection.

5. Asylum Seeker
An asylum-seeker is a person who has left their country and is seeking
protection from persecution and serious human rights violations in another
country, but who has not yet been legally recognized as a refugee and is
waiting to receive a decision on their asylum claim. Seeking asylum is a
human right. This means everyone should be allowed to enter another
country to seek asylum.

6. Force Migration
Forced Migration is “a general term that refers to the movements of refugees
and internally displaced people (those displaced by conflicts within their
country of origin) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental
disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or development projects.”

7. Family Members
Family is a major driver of migration. Family migration is the term used to
categorize the migration of people who migrate due to new or established
family ties, and it encompasses several sub-categories: reunification with a
family member who migrated earlier (a person with subsidiary protection is
also entitled to (re)unite with family members).
 8. Returned Migrants
Returning migrants are persons returning to their country of citizenship after
having been international migrants (whether short-term or long- term) in
another country and who are intending to stay in their own country for at
least a year.

SUSTANABLE DEVELOPMENT

Some of the important measures for sustainable development are as follows:

(i) Using appropriate technology is one which is locally adaptable, eco-friendly,

resource efficient and culturally suitable. It mostly involves local resources and
local labour. Indigenous technologies are more useful, cost-effective and
sustainable. Nature is often taken as a model, using the natural conditions of
that region as its components. This concept is known as “design with nature”.
The technology should use less of resources and should produce minimum
waste.

(ii) Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Approach: The 3-R approach advocating
minimization of resource use, using them again and again instead of passing it
on to the waste stream and recycling the materials goes a long way in achieving
the goals of sustainability. It reduces pressure on our resources as well as
reduces waste generation and pollution.

(iii) Promoting Environmental Education and Awareness: Making

environmental education the centre of all learning process will greatly help in
changing the thinking pattern and attitude of people towards our earth and the
environment. Introducing subject right from the school stage will inculcate a
feeling of belongingness to earth in small children. ‘Earth thinking’ will gradually
get incorporated in our thinking and action which will greatly help in transforming
our lifestyles to sustainable ones.

(iv) Resource Utilization as Per Carrying Capacity: Any system can sustain a
limited number of organisms on a long-term basis which is known as its carrying
capacity. In case of human beings, the carrying capacity concept becomes all the
more complex. It is because unlike other animals, human beings, not only need food
to live, but need so many other things to maintain the quality of life. Sustainability of
a system depends largely upon the carrying capacity of the system. If the carrying
capacity of a system is crossed, environmental degradation starts and continues till it
reaches a point of no return..
(v) Improving Quality of Life Including Social, Cultural and Economic
Dimensions:
Development should not focus just on one-section of already affluent people. Rather
it should include sharing of benefits between the rich and the poor. The tribal, ethnic
people and their cultural heritage should also be conserved. Strong community
participation should be there in policy and practice. Population growth should be
stabilized.

FIVE EXAMPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Solar Energy: The greatest advantages of solar energy are that it is completely

free and is available in limitless supply. Both of these factors provide a huge benefit
to consumers and help reduce pollution. Replacing non-renewable energy with this
type of energy is both environmentally and financially effective.

Wind Energy: Wind energy is another readily available energy source. Harnessing

the power of wind energy necessitates the use of windmills; however, due to
construction cost and finding a suitable location, this kind of energy is meant to
serve more than just the individual. Wind energy can supplement or even replace
the cost of grid power, and therefore may be a good investment and remains a
great example of sustainable development.

Crop Rotation: Crop rotation is defined as “the successive planting of different

crops on the same land to improve soil fertility and help control insects and
diseases.” This farming practice is beneficial in several ways, most notably because it
is chemical-free. Crop rotation has been proven to maximize the growth potential of
land, while also preventing disease and insects in the soil. Not only can this form of
development benefit commercial farmers, but it can also aid those who garden at
home.

Efficient Water Fixtures: Replacing current construction practices and supporting

the installation of efficient showerheads, toilets and other water appliances can
conserve one of Earth’s most precious resources: water. Examples of efficient
fixtures include products from the EPA’s WaterSense program, as well as dual-flush
and composting toilets. According to the EPA, it takes a lot of energy to produce and
transport water and to process wastewater, and since less than one percent of the
Earth’s available water supply is freshwater, it is important that sustainable water
use is employed at the individual and societal level.
Green Space: Green spaces include parks and other areas where plants and wildlife
are encouraged to thrive. These spaces also offer the public great opportunities to
enjoy outdoor recreation, especially in dense, urban areas. 

How to achieve Sustainable Development

17 GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1. No poverty
To end poverty, everyone should have basic healthcare, security and education.
2. Zero hunger
Globally, one in nine people are undernourished. This goal aims to end hunger.
3. Good health
Ensuring people live healthy lives can cut child mortality and raise life expectancy.
4. Education
The UN wants everyone to have access to inclusive, equitable quality education.
5. Gender equality
Gender equality is a human right, and is vital for a peaceful, prosperous world.
6. Clean water
Clean water protects people from disease, yet three in 10 people lack access to it.
7. Clean energy
Targets for 2030 include using more renewable, affordable energy.
8. Economic growth
The aim is for sustainable economic growth and decent employment for all.
9. Industry and infrastructure
This involves building resilient infrastructure and fostering innovation.
10. No inequality
The poorest 40 per cent of the population should be able to grow their income faster
than average.
11. Sustainability
The UN wants to increase affordable housing and make settlements inclusive, safe
and sustainable.
12. Responsible consumption
This goal aims to foster eco-friendly production, reduce waste and boost recycling.
13. Climate action
Urgent action is needed, by regulating emissions and promoting renewable energy.
14. Life underwater
The aim is to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources.
15. Life on land
To stop degradation, we must preserve forest, desert and mountain ecosystems.
16. Peace & justice
The aim is inclusive societies with strong institutions that provide justice for all.
17. Partnership
If all countries are to achieve the goals, international cooperation is vital.
References

SOURCE VIDEOS:

https://youtu.be/4bN9yimMXro

https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanMahbubKhan/all-about-migration

GLOBAL MIGRATION

Internal Migration
Migration - Types Of Migration - Family, International, and Internal - JRank
Articles https://family.jrank.org/pages/1169/Migration-Types-
Migration.html#ixzz7O5PfiFHn
International Migration
Migration - Types Of Migration - Family, International, and Internal - JRank
Articles https://family.jrank.org/pages/1169/Migration-Types-
Migration.html#ixzz7O5PrLuB0

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Measure of Sustainable Develoment

https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/environment/5-important-measures-for-sustainable-
development/9912

Example of Sustainable Development

https://borgenproject.org/5-examples-sustainable-development/

17 Goals pf Sustainability
https://www.sightsavers.org/policy-and-advocacy/global-goals/?gclid=Cj0KCQjw5-
WRBhCKARIsAAId9FkhRmmxlxFs9QYq8YFN0UTZ3MDx0jkrWvAMn-
pHb_NiGc7M3NtPYTkaAgPuEALw_wcB