Chapter V Globalization

and Its Critical

Challenges in Ethics
Lesson 1: Globalization and Pluralism:
New Challenges in Ethics
Intended Learning Outcomes:

 Explain the meaning of

globalization
 Identify the moral challenges
that globalization brings
 Introduction:

This lesson is devoted to a

discussion on the meaning of
globalization, the moral challenges
that globalization brings, global
ethics and environmental ethics. It
also presents global issues that
 Globalization
Globalization means “the erosion of national
boundaries and the reduced significance of
national government.” Suter, K., 2006), It is
“moving from a world with borders to a world
without.” Nation states will remain in existence
but they have to work together with other centers
of power such as
1) Transnational corporations
2) Intergovernment organizations (like the United
Nations)
 A transnational corporation is an
enterprise that is involved with the
international production of goods or
services, foreign investments, or
income and asset management in
more than one country. It sets up
factories in developing countries as
land and labor are cheaper there.
The Intergovernmental organization
(IGO) refers to an entity created by
treaty, involving two or more
nations, to work in good faith, on
issues of common interest.
A Non-Governmental Organization,
or NGO, is an organization established by
a group of individuals that wishes to
pursue goals and aspirations that relate to
the public, social, or political good of a
nation or the world. NGOs focus on a wide
range of issues and areas.
1. Alertnet
2. Association of Medical Doctors
of Asia (AMDA)
3. CARE humanitarian organizatio
n fighting against global poverty
4. The Cochrane Collaboration
5. Emergency Nutrition Network
6. Global Humanitarian Assistanc
e
7. Health Link
8. HealthNet TPO
9. Humanitarian Practice Network
10.InterAction
12.International Medical Corps
13.Medecins sans Frontieres
(Doctors without Borders)
14.MERLIN
15.Norwegian Refugee Council
16.Oxfam
17.Save the Children U.K. (SCF)
18.SPHERE (internat.project
to develop standards in humani
tarian assistance)
19.United States of America Com
mittee on Refugees
20.World Vision USA
Jan Scholte (2005) Five different interpretation of
Globalization

1) Internationalization
2) Liberalization
3) Universalization
4) Modernization or Westernazation
5) Deterritorialization
1) Internationaliz
ation refers to
cross-border
relations
between
countries.
2. Liberalization
focuses on “open,
borderless world
economy.” Trade and
foreign exchange as
well as travel barriers
are abolished or
reduced, making it
possible to participate
3. Universalization
refers to “various ways
in which a synthesis of
cultures has taken place,
etc. such as having a
common calendar,
shared common
technology
 3. Modernization or
Westernization
Modernization means developing
any country through economic
growth, technology development
and infrastructure raise.
Westernization means adopting
the technology and infrastructure
of western countries.
Modernization increases the use
of science.
The Moral Challenges of Globalization
1. To expand moral and ethical consciousness.
2. To observe global ethics
3. To find common grounds among pluralistic
societies and build what is morally best for all
parties and not what is legal or lawful.
4. To engage in a genuine dialogue with
fundamentalists toward mutual understanding
and affirmation.
 Global Ethics
Globalization includes the observance of global
ethics . Global ethics is concerned with the critical ethical
inquiry into the nature justification of values and norms
that are global in kind into the various issues that arise
such as world poverty and international aid, environmental
problems, peace and security, intervention, human rights,
gender equality, child labour, torture, scarce resources,
trafficking, migration, climate change, global trade,
medical tourism.
Global problems or issues that
require corresponding consideration.

1. Global Poverty
2. Migration
3. Environmental Ethics
4. Pluralism vs. Fundamentalism
 1. Global Poverty
is one of the most pressing problems that
the world faces today. The poorest in the
world are often undernourished, without
access to basic services such as electricity
and safe drinking water; they have less
access to education, and suffer from much
poorer health.
 2. Migration
This type of migration occurs when people cross
state boundaries and stay in a host state for a certain
amount of time. People migrate (move) across the
globe, either voluntarily or involuntarily (forced).

Another term for global

migration is international
migration
 International migration is the
movement of people across international
borders for the purpose of settlement.
International migrants change their
usual place of residence from one
country to another.
 3. Environmental
ethics
is a branch of applied philosophy
that studies the conceptual
foundations of environmental
values as well as more concrete
issues surrounding societal
attitudes, actions, and policies to
protect and sustain biodiversity
and ecological systems.
 4. Pluralism vs. Fundamentalism
Pluralism, in political
science, the view that in Fundamentalism,
liberal democracies power type of conservative
is (or should be) dispersed
among a variety of
religious movement
economic and ideological characterized by the
pressure groups and is not advocacy of strict
(or should not be) held by a conformity to sacred
single elite or group of texts.
elites.