L 4 Coc

Institution Name Document No.
ባህርዳርፖሊቴክኒክኮሌጅ BTC/133-02
BAHIR DAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 1 of 1
Examination Sheet
1. Any number with an exponent of zero is equal to:
A. zero
B. one
C. that number
D. ten
Answer: Option B
Explanation: about exponents is to say that a^k is equal to 1 times k x's.
So 2^3 = 1*2*2*2 = 8, 2^(-4) = 1*1/2*1/2*1/2*1/2 = 1/16 since
multiplying something once should be the opposite of dividing
something once. With this concept in mind, any number to the
zero power is "1 times no repetitions of that number." So
any number to the zero power is 1.
2. In the decimal numbering system, what is the MSD?

A. The middle digit of a stream of numbers
B. The digit to the right of the decimal point
C. The last digit on the right
D. The digit with the most weight

Answer: Option D
Explanation: MSD or Most Significant Digit is a concept in binary system where the digit in the
leftmost part of the number to the left of decimal point is significant e.g.(10000.01)2 has 1 as the
left most digit. So, 1 is the MSD here.
3. Which of the following statements does NOT describe an advantage of digital technology?
A. The values may vary over a continuous range.
B. The circuits are less affected by noise.
C. The operation can be programmed.
D. Information storage is easy.

Answer: Option A
Explanation:

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 2 of 2
Examination Sheet
4. The generic array logic (GAL) device is ________.
A. one-time programmable
B. reprogrammable
C. a CMOS device
D. reprogrammable and a CMOS device

Answer: Option B
Explanation: he Generic Array Logic (also known as GAL) device was an innovation of the
PAL (Programmable Array Logic) and was invented by Lattice Semiconductor. The GAL was
an improvement on the PAL because one device was able to take the place of many PAL
devices or could even have functionality not covered by the original range. Its primary benefit,
however, was that it was eraseable and re-programmable making prototyping and design
changes easier for engineers.
5. The range of voltages between VL(max) and VH(min) are ________.

A. unknown
B. unnecessary
C. unacceptable
D. between 2 V and 5 V
Answer: Option C
It is unacceptable in some sense like the components are made by various manufacturers so if we
fixed minnimum Vl then the component made by one manufactrer may work on tht voltage but on the
same voltage, component made by another manufactere may not work on tht voltage. So my mean
to say is the voltage values may varies depending on manufacterers datasheet.
But in digital systems 0 to 1.5V is treated as logic 0 & 3.5V to 5V treated as logic 1.
So that why it is unacceptable.
6. What is a digital-to-analog converter?

A. It takes the digital information from an audio CD and converts it to a usable form.
B. It allows the use of cheaper analog techniques, which are always simpler.
C. It stores digital data on a hard drive.
D. It converts direct current to alternating current.

Answer: Option A
Explanation:A DAC converts an abstract finite-precision number (usually a fixed-point binary
number) into a concrete physical quantity (e.g., a voltage or a pressure).

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 3 of 3
Examination Sheet
7. What are the symbols used to represent digits in the binary number system?
A. 0,1
B. 0,1,2
C. 0 through 8
D. 1,2
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Binary means 2, to represent binary system we use the number less than 2 upto
zero i.e, 0&1
8. A full subtracter circuit requires ________.

A. two inputs and two outputs
B. two inputs and three outputs
C. three inputs and one output
D. three inputs and two outputs

Answer: Option D
Explanation: 3 input and 2 output is obtained for full subtractor
for half subtractor its 2 input and 2 output
9. The output of an AND gate is LOW ________.

A. all the time
B. when any input is LOW
C. when any input is HIGH
D. when all inputs are HIGH

Answer: Option B
Explanation: AND GATE TRUTH TABLE
A B F(out put)
00 0
01 0
10 0
11 1

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 4 of 4
Examination Sheet
10. Give the decimal value of binary 10010.

A. 610
B. 910
C. 1810
D. 2010
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
10010=1x2^4 + 0x2^3 + 0x2^2 + 1x2^1 + 0x2^0
=16+0+0+2+0
=(18)
11. Parallel format means that:

A. each digital signal has its own conductor.
B. several digital signals are sent on each conductor.
C. both binary and hexadecimal can be used.
D. no clock is needed.
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Data transmission can be done by two ways:
1) Serial - Here the data bits/bytes are queued up so that all the data can be transferred over a
single data line. All the data can be sent, but transmission takes more time.
2) Parallel - Here number of lines are given depending on number of data bits.e.g. for
hexadecimal numbers 0-F(0000-1111), four parallel transmission lines may be used. More
number of data lines are needed, but data is sent almost simultaneously & speedily.
12. A decoder converts ________.

A. noncoded information into coded form
B. coded information into noncoded form
C. HIGHs to LOWs
D. LOWs to HIGHs
Answer: Option B Explanation: Because the decoder work to decode the coded information.
And the encoder work is to encode noncoded information into the coded form.

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 5 of 5
Examination Sheet
13. A DAC changes ________.

A. an analog signal into digital data
B. digital data into an analog signal
C. digital data into an amplified signal
D. none of the above

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Digita to analog converter converts digital signal to analog signal.
14. The output of a NOT gate is HIGH when ________.

A. the input is LOW
B. the input is HIGH
C. the input changes from LOW to HIGH
D. voltage is removed from the gate

Answer: Option A
Explanation: NOT gate acts as an inverter. The output is complemented form of input.Hence
when input goes LOW the output becomes HIGH
Input(0) = output (1)

Input(1) = output (0)
15. The output of an OR gate is LOW when ________.

A. all inputs are LOW
B. any input is LOW
C. any input is HIGH
D. all inputs are HIGH

Answer: Option A

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 6 of 6
Examination Sheet
Explanation:
OR TRUTH TABLE
i/p1 i/p2 o/p

000
011
101
111
all i/p are low at first case and o/p is also low
16. Which of the following is not an analog device?

A. Thermocouple
B. Current flow in a circuit
C. Light switch
D. Audio microphone
Answer: Option C
Explanation: Light switch is digital device because it has only two state ON/OFF.
17. A demultiplexer has ________.

A. one data input and a number of selection inputs, and they have several outputs
B. one input and one output
C. several inputs and several outputs
D. several inputs and one output

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Demultiplexer refers to DEMUX means one to many and Multiplexer refers to
many to one.
It frequently use in digital signal processing, if there is requirement of one sgnal to many
user can easily send by using Demultiplexer.
18. A flip-flop has ________.
A. one stable state
B. no stable states
C. two stable states
D. none of the above


Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 7 of 7
Examination Sheet
Answer: Option C
Explanation: Actually flip flop used as primary memory( 0 or 1) devices in digital circuits so it
has two states o or 1 that's why known as two stable states.
19. Digital signals transmitted on a single conductor (and a ground) must be transmitted in:
A. slow speed.
B. parallel.
C. analog.
D. serial.
Answer: Option D
Explanation: To transfer signals in parallel each signal should have one conductor. To transfer
all the signals using one conductor they should be transmitted in series
20. In a certain digital waveform, the period is four times the pulse width. The duty cycle is
________.
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%
Answer: Option B
Explanation: uty cycle= (on time) / (on time+off time).
I. E. , pulse width= on time+off time.
So D. C =1/4 *100.
=25%.

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 8 of 8
Examination Sheet
21. In positive logic, ________.

A. a HIGH = 1, a LOW = 0
B. a LOW = 1, a HIGH = 0
C. only HIGHs are present
D. only LOWs are present

Answer: Option A
Explanation: For positive logic, "1" level value > "0" level value and,
For negative logic, "1" level value < "0" level value.
22. Convert the fractional binary number 0000.1010 to decimal.

A. 0.625
B. 0.50
C. 0.55
D. 0.10
Answer: Option A
Explanation: 0.1010
=1x2^-1 + 0 + 1x2^-3 + 0
=(1/2)+(1/8)
=0.5+0.125
=0.625
23. Digital representations of numerical values of quantities may BEST be described as having
characteristics:
A. that are difficult to interpret because they are continuously changing.
B. that vary constantly over a continuous range of values.
C. that vary in constant and direct proportion to the values they represent.
D. that vary in discrete steps in proportion to the values they represent.

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Let's see the binary equivalents of numbers 0-9: a)0000 b)0001 c)0010 d)0011
e)0100 f)0101 g)0110 h)0111 i)1000 j)1001. As seen here, every number with 0 in units place is

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 9 of 9
Examination Sheet
followed by a number with 1. Also, if a 1 is followed by a series of 1's, next number will be bigger
by one bit, with leftmost bit being 1 & rest being 0.
Hence, digital representation follows a definite pattern for positive integers. For fractions, the
units place digit maybe replaced by the bit to farthest right & similar pattern maybe observed.
Regarding negative numbers, sign bits are set & 1's complement method is used to denote the
number.
24. A common instrument used in troubleshooting a digital circuit is a(n) ________.

A. logic probe =to check connectivity in input and out put.
B. Oscilloscope = check waveforms of circuit
C. Pulser=device which generates digital waveforms.
D. all of the above

Answer: Option D
Explanation:so, Troubleshooting means checking each & every component & path in a circuit
to see whether it is working correctly. If a circuit doesn't work correctly, troubleshooting helps to
find the fault so that it can be rectified.
25. The parallel transmission of digital data:

A. is much slower than the serial transmission of data.
B. requires only one signal line between sender and receiver.
C. requires as many signal lines between sender and receiver as there are data bits.
D. is less expensive than the serial method of data transmission.

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Ultimately, in Digital electronics all the answers are getting by the simple key
words. According to answer parallel means many. So the transmission is in between so many
lines and I parallel communication also having different types half duplex, duplex full duplex like
that we have. And serial keyword is for sequence, only one line we have transmission take place
I hope you understand if you have a doubts please comment here.
26. Convert the fractional decimal number 6.75 to binary.
A. 0111.1100
B. 0110.1010
C. 0110.1100
D. 0110.0110

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 10 of 10
Examination Sheet
Answer: Option C
Explanation: 6.75
6=integer part.
.75=fractional part.
sol-
a)Integer Part:
Quotient Remainder
6/2= 3 0
3/2= 1 1
1/2= 0 1
Therefore 6 decimal to binary is (0110)
Now,
Fractional Part:
o.75*2= 1.50 means carry=1
0.50*2= 1.00 means carry=1
0.00*2= 000 means carry=0
Therefore (0.75)binary is (1100)
ANS:(0110.1100)
27. What is one relative disadvantage of serial transfer?

A. It requires too many conductors.
B. Its interconnect system is complex.
C. It is slow.
D. It can only be used over very short distances.

Answer: Option C
Explanation: If we consider serial transfer the operation will be slow. Let us consider the
example as binary adder. The output of first adder will gives the input of next adder as the
process is contuining like that the more amount of time will be taken. That wise only the serial
transfer operation is slow.
28. Which format requires fewer conductors?

A. Parallel
B. Serial

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 11 of 11
Examination Sheet
C. Both are the same
D. Cannot tell
Answer: Option B
Explanation: For parallel you need more inputs, so in parallel connection each input or output
need a conductor. Serial have less conductor.
29. A pulse has a period of 15 ms. Its frequency is ________.

A. 6.66 Hz
B. 66.66 Hz
C. 666.66 Hz
D. 15 Hz
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Frequency=1/(t).
So from given problem t=15ms.
f = 1/(15*10^-3)
= 66.66Hz
30. Give the decimal value of binary 10000110.

A. 13410
B. 14410
C. 11010

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 12 of 12
Examination Sheet
D. 12610
Answer: Option A
Explanation: 1X2^7+0x2^6+0X2^5+0X2^4+0X2^3+1X2^2+1X2^1+0x2^0.
2^7+2^2+2^1.
128+4+2 =(134)10 decimal.

31. The rise time is the time it takes a pulse to go from ________.
A. the base line to the maximum HIGH voltage
B. 10% of the pulse amplitude to the maximum HIGH voltage
C. the base line to 90% of the pulse amplitude
D. 10% of the pulse amplitude to 90% of the pulse amplitude

Answer: Option D
Explanation: In control theory, for overdamped systems, rise time is commonly defined as the
time for a waveform to go from 10% to 90% of its final value.
32. What is an analog-to-digital converter?

A. It makes digital signals.
B. It takes analog signals and puts them in digital format.
C. It allows the use of digital signals in everyday life.
D. It stores information on a CD.

Answer: Option B
Explanation: A/D convertor-i/p will be analog signal and the o/p will be in digital signal
33. A multiplexer has ________.

A. one input and several outputs
B. one input and one output
C. several inputs and several outputs
D. several inputs and one output

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Multiplexer is a combinational circuit that selects binary information from one of
many input lines and directs it to a single output line. Let us consider example 4:1 mux, it is
having 4 inputs and 2 selection lines and 1 output.

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 13 of 13
Examination Sheet
34. What is the decimal value of 23 ?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
23 = 2*2*2=8
View Answer Discuss in Forum Workspace Report
35. An encoder converts ________.

A. noncoded information into coded form
B. coded information into noncoded form
C. HIGHs to LOWs
D. LOWs to HIGHs
Answer: Option A
36. What kind of logic device or circuit is used to store information?

A. Counter
B. Register
C. Inverter
D. Buffer

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 14 of 14
Examination Sheet
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Register is made of flip-flop units which are capable of storing one bit of data at a time. Hence,
register can be considered a storage device. Buffer, on the other hand, can be used to delay
data propagation in order to synchronize various data handling components.
Counters, on other hand, are used to generate(multiply or divide) clock frequencies while
inverters are simply NOT gates.
37. PLCC packages have leads on ________.

A. one side
B. two sides
C. three sides
D. four sides
Answer: Option D
Explanation: PLCC: Plasitc leaded chip carrier. Normally a four-sided quad package in which
an IC is installed with J-type leads extending out from the sides of the package then downand
rolled under the body of the device.
38. What is the typical invalid voltage for a binary signal?

A. 0.7–2.8 volts
B. 0.8–3 volts
C. 0.8–2 volts
D. 0.7–2.5 volts
Answer: Option C
Explanation: Range is very less for on to off(if off state is 0.8 then on state should be greater
than 1.5 volts for off range value, hence we cannot take a range from 0.8v - 2 v).

A. 1.40

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 15 of 15
Examination Sheet
B. 1.125
C. 1.20
D. 1.80
Answer: Option B
Explanation: =1*2^0.0*(2^-1)+0*(2^-2)+1*(2^-3)+0*(2^-4)
=1.1/8
=1.125

A. 24.50
B. 18.25
C. 18.40
D. 16.25
Answer: Option B
Explanation: In fractions number conversions it gives below,
2^4+2^3+2^2+2^1+2^0.2^-1+2^-2+2^-3+2^-4
Given input value is 10010.0100
16+2 = 18.
1/4 = 0.25.
Answer = 18.25
41. How many binary bits are necessary to represent 748 different numbers?

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 16 of 16
Examination Sheet
A. 9
B. 7
C. 10
D. 8
Answer: Option C
Explanation: 748/2= div-374 rem=0
374/2= div-187 rem=0
187/2= div-93 rem=1
93/2= div-46 rem=1
46/2 div-23 rem=0
23/2 div-11 rem=1
11/2 div-5 rem=1
5/2 div-2 rem=1
2/2 div-1 rem=0
1/2 div=0 rem=1
Hence (748)=1011101100
So 10 digits are required to represent 748.
42. A periodic digital waveform has a pulse width (tw) of 6 ms and a period (T) of 18 ms. The duty
cycle is ________.
A. 3.3%
B. 33.3%
C. 6%
D. 18%
Answer: Option B
Explanation: D = T/P*100 %.
Where D is the duty cycle, T is the time the signal is active, and P is the total period of the
signal.
D = 6ms/18ms*100 {where milli = 10^-3}.
So, D = (6x10^-3)/(18x10^-3)*100.
= (6/18)*(10^-3/10^-3)*100.
= 1/3*100.
= 33.3% HP.

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 17 of 17
Examination Sheet
43. Any number with an exponent of one is equal to:

A. zero.
B. one.
C. two.
D. that number.
Answer: Option D
Explanation: a^1=a, where a is any number
44. Serial format means digital signals are:

A. sent over many conductors simultaneously.
B. sent over one conductor sequentially.
C. sent in groups of eight signals.
D. sent in binary coded decimal.

Answer: Option B
Explanation: In serial format data are sent in single line.
45. What is the decimal value of 2–1 ?

A. 0.5
B. 0.25
C. 0.05
D. 0.1
Answer: Option A
Explanation: 2^-1=1/2=0.5
46. Which format can send several bits of information faster?


Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 18 of 18
Examination Sheet
A. Parallel
B. Serial
C. Both are the same
D. Cannot tell
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Parallel data transfer has problem of induction at high frequency, cause of that
there is a possibility that at higher frequency the data can be flip. So for high speed serial data
transfer is preferred. Example USB, pci express.
47. The frequency of a pulse train is 2 kHz. The pulse period is ________.
A. 5 ms
B. 50 ms
C. 500 s
D. 2 s
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
t=1/f
so t=1/2*10^3
then t=10^-3/2
=10^-3*0.5
=500*10-6
=500us
48. What has happened to the advances in digital technologies over the past three decades?
A. Slowed down considerably
B. Continued to increase, but at a decreasing rate
C. Made excellent progress
D. Nothing short of phenomenal

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Phenomenal means extraordinary and outstanding. Since the last three decades
have marked a phenomenal phase in the development of digital technologies hence option D.

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 19 of 19
Examination Sheet
49. A type of digital circuit technology that uses bipolar junction transistors is ________.
A. TTL
B. CMOS
C. LSI
D. NMOS
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
50. How many unique symbols are used in the decimal number system?
A. One
B. Nine
C. Ten
D. Unlimited
Answer: Option C
Explanation: Here it is asked for decimal number system, so the unique symbols will be 10 (i. e
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
51. A classification of ICs with complexities of 12 to 100 equivalent gates on a chip is known as
________.
A. SSI
B. MSI

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 20 of 20
Examination Sheet
C. LSI
D. VLSI
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Integrated circuits are often classified by the number of transistors and other electronic
components they contain:
SSI (small-scale integration): Up to 100 electronic components per chip.
MSI (medium-scale integration): From 100 to 3, 000 electronic components per chip.
LSI (large-scale integration): From 3, 000 to 100, 000 electronic components per chip.
VLSI (very large-scale integration): From 100, 000 to 1, 000, 000 electronic components per
chip.
ULSI (ultra large-scale integration): More than 1 million electronic components per chip.
52. Which of the following is a semiconductor memory?

A. RAM
B. MAR
C. CD-ROM
D. CD
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Computer memory types
Volatile:
DRAM (e.g., DDR SDRAM)

SRAM
In development T-RAM

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 21 of 21
Examination Sheet
Z-RAM
TTRAM
Historical Delay line memory:

Selectron tube
Williams tube
Non-volatile:
ROM PROM
EPROM
EEPROM
Flash memory:
Early stage FeRAM
MRAM
PRAM
In development CBRAM:
SONOS
RRAM
Racetrack memory
NRAM
Millipede
Historical Drum memory:

Magnetic core memory
Plated wire memory
Bubble memory
Twistor memory
Semiconductor memory is an electronic data storage device, often used as computer

memory.
53. The holes through a PC board are ________.

A. smaller with SMT than with through-hole mounting
B. larger with SMT than with through-hole mounting
C. the same size as with through-hole mounting
D. usually unnecessary
Answer: Option C
Explanation:

Issue No. Page No.
Title:
B1 Page 22 of 22
Examination Sheet
54. A classification of ICs with complexities of 100 to 10,000 equivalent gates per chip is known as
________.
A. SSI
B. MSI
C. LSI
D. VLSI
Answer: Option C
Explanation: refer question no ‘51’

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Institution Name Document No.

BAHIR DAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

2. In the decimal numbering system, what is the MSD?

B. The digit to the right of the decimal point

C. The last digit on the right

D. The digit with the most weight

B. The circuits are less affected by noise.

C. The operation can be programmed.

D. Information storage is easy.

BAHIR DAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

D. reprogrammable and a CMOS device

5. The range of voltages between VL(max) and VH(min) are ________.

So that why it is unacceptable.

6. What is a digital-to-analog converter?

C. It stores digital data on a hard drive.

D. It converts direct current to alternating current.

BAHIR DAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

8. A full subtracter circuit requires ________.

B. two inputs and three outputs

C. three inputs and one output

D. three inputs and two outputs

9. The output of an AND gate is LOW ________.

B. when any input is LOW

C. when any input is HIGH

D. when all inputs are HIGH

BAHIR DAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

10. Give the decimal value of binary 10010.

11. Parallel format means that:

B. several digital signals are sent on each conductor.

C. both binary and hexadecimal can be used.

12. A decoder converts ________.

B. coded information into noncoded form

BAHIR DAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

13. A DAC changes ________.

B. digital data into an analog signal

C. digital data into an amplified signal

D. none of the above

14. The output of a NOT gate is HIGH when ________.

B. the input is HIGH

C. the input changes from LOW to HIGH

D. voltage is removed from the gate

Input(0) = output (1)

15. The output of an OR gate is LOW when ________.

B. any input is LOW

C. any input is HIGH

D. all inputs are HIGH

BAHIR DAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

i/p1 i/p2 o/p

16. Which of the following is not an analog device?

B. Current flow in a circuit

17. A demultiplexer has ________.

B. one input and one output

C. several inputs and several outputs

D. several inputs and one output

C. two stable states

D. none of the above

BAHIR DAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

I. E. , pulse width= on time+off time.

BAHIR DAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

21. In positive logic, ________.

C. only HIGHs are present

D. only LOWs are present