POINTS TO PONDER Much, Many, Little, Few and Company Loum orn ean La UP eae UT aE es Siar) ee Lee TT WU 7 BO)Quesr ADVANCED 2 INSTITUTO DE IDIOMAS YAZIGI S/C Presidéncia: Fernando H. Silva CENTRO DE LINGWisTICA APLICADA Dirego: Lynn Mario T. Menozes de Souza AUTORES DO QUEST 2 - Lynn Mario T. Menezes de Souza Maria da Giéria Costa Cunha Gil Mario Utimati Marisa Grigoletto Projeto Grafico Original: Selene Beatriz de Oliveira Cruz Adaptagio do Projeto Gratico para QUEST 3, Producdo e Diagramacao:Marta Helofsa Leuba Salum Assistente de Producao: Enir Marting Ferreira « ltustragées do Miolo: Jun Yohoyama e Valter Harasalt ustragao de Capa: Sérgio Sdrous Reviséo: Carlos Pedro Macena da Assuncio (texto) e Patricia Sertério (diagrama) Comeosiclo o Paste-up: LIDIO FERREIRA JUNIOR ARTES GRAFICAS E EDITORA LTDA, RIS. GRAF FOTOLITO S/C LTDA. 7 Impresso nas gréficas da Ditus8o Nacional do Livro 4 2 *ESTE VOLUME E PARTE INTEGRANTE DO LIVRO QUEST 2 . ae Editado e publicado pela DIFUSAO NACIONAL DO LIVRO, EDITORA E IMPORTADORA LTDA. Av. 9 de Julho, 3166 - CEP 01406 - Sao Paulo - SP julhoes i TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS. @ ’POINTS TO PONDER xe GANG 1. Check the best alternative according to the text below. Quest 2 WG the French have a nuclear testing station in the Pacific. [| nuclear tests are welcome in the Pacific. (11 Australia and New Zealand support French nuclear tests, TESTING TIMES FOR THE I@LANDS A brave flotilla of boats, accompanied by theGreenpeace trawler “Rainbow Warrior”, has left New Zealand to lay siege yet again to the French nuclear testing station at Mururoa. The project is supported by most local islanders and ‘many others in the region, but is seen as more symbolic than practical. Few believe the gesture will persuade the French to stop testing. ‘The anti-nuclear movement is gathering strength in the Pacific, with moves being made at an inter-governmental level to declare the South Africa a nuclear-free zone. ‘Australia and New Zealand condemn French nuclear tests, but only New Zealand Prime Minister David Lange is refusing to accept nuclear ships — even from the United States. YAZIGI2..[a Observe when THE definite antcle Is used in the Text 3. Use the dofinite article in the sentences below when necessary. < YAZIGI © with names of ships ‘ex.: the Greenpeace trawler “Rainbow Warrior’. 007 '* with names of oceans ex.: (in) the Pacific the South Paci * with names which include words like “states", “republic’, “union’ ex. the United States the German Federal Republic, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom “Kingdom”: ‘* with nouns that have already been referred to in the text ex.: the project, (in) the region, the gesture, the anti-nuclear movement = when we mean something in particular x: the French nuclear testing station at Mururoa. (Ct. French nuclear testing station.) ‘* when referring to people as nationals of certain countries ex.: the French (= French people in general) b. The definite article is not used in the text: * before names of countries, states, cities ex.: Australia, New Zealand, Mururoa 5 * before a noun when we mean something in general ex.: (flotilla of boats (with) moves French nuclear tests nuclear ships ae * I didn’t know that Majorca was in_THi _ Mediterranean, . Union Bank serves _~ Nigeria and _= international business. + = people complained to 14 politicians they didn’t feel safe anywhere. * According to _=_ wine producers, there has been an increase in 1 exportation of [Hi Brazilian wine. THE _ life of Gandhi. + HE film was about + THE under-forty clientele is re- ‘+ Hundreds of policemen were sent to_TH prison to control THE rebellion. * Doctor Senna declared that 12 _ stay in ___> hospital for at least a month. * Thousands of students are expected to take exams to enter__= university. + 1E= _ Palace Theater was torn down to give place to I _ new buildings. + {Le _ best theaters in__= London are located on __= _ Shaftesbury Avenue. + LLL apples produced in Santa Catarina turned out to be of very high quality. * “If you want to stay in style in San Francisco, go to iii’ _ Bedford, a small European hotel near “FF Union Square” covering It _ originality in ___ old watches. man who had undergone the liver transplant should q QUEST 2* .. Now check if you used the definite article correctly by referring to the rules below. We usually use the a. before names of ence Rater tho J s: the North, the: Brazil, the Aven the piano, the flute c. when stating * (to buy) by the by the bo by the kilo Spite Wi “We do not usually use the a. with names of Buenos Aires Si Picadilly Stre fter a person ora tS of the body: his) arms "go to bed, go to work, g work, come home, be at home. QUEST 2 3 YAZIGINotes: ‘+ hospital/the hospital Paulo had a car accident and had to go, ‘hospital today. (Paulo is injured.) Regina went to the hospital to visit P visitor.) Regina is at the hospital. ‘She (Paulo is injured.) Paulo is in -oducod ‘not ill, she went there as a 5. complete the sentences below with the definite article when necessary, * Many of __=___ Picasso's works will be on display at new exhibition at _tHE Museum of Modern Art. ‘+ They are selling bananas in THE market by THE _ kilo. *“.. INE _ famous industrialist Mateus Silveira had a terrible car accident last night. According to his wife, he will be in = hospital for at least three days. 1s press was not allowed to remain on THE _ hospital premises” . South Korean government blamed = North Koreans for ILLS attack * When she was in 3 college, Marilyn used to stroll on __= Lincoln Avenue in __= Brooklyn. Rayod * Gotti stayed 3 years in __— ___ prison for a hijacking. « eae ate o At New York University _. students protested against 14 nuclear project on Lue Pacific * _2E_ RPM rock band is not going to perform at THE _ Palace next week. —1u4_ show was put off because Paulo Ricardo broke his arm and he can't play THE guitar. * According to I= _ “Corteio Brasiliense”, this year very few people will bene! from ti. land redistribution project. ‘+ In many Latin American countries = people are in prison because of their political beliefs. * Usually by Christmas time + __ old ladies go to hospitals to give presents poor and to HZ sick. © With ti Brazilian Express card you can be sure of a comfortable vacation, YAZIGI 4 QUEST 2POINTS TO PONDER Who, Which and Relatives 1. ead the text below - about Finland - and find out ‘© Who used to refer to Finland as the “ttle” country * what country borders the Soviet Union inland, the easternmost Scandinavian nation which borders the Soviet Union, is far from the “little” country that Americans used to call her in the Thirties. With vast tracts of empty space, she stands as Europe's sixth largest country. Nature has lavishly endawed her with endless forests, more than 60,000 lakes and incredibly cleat, pure air.\ alow wis) 0.20 Finland is extremely rewarding for the visitor who elects to come that far. Her very geographical position adds to the interest. Helsinki, the capital, will be the hub for any Finnish travelling and rightly so, for it is an extremely interesting city. You can arrive by air or by ferry, You could start a basic walking tour from the Market Square by the port city’s South Harbor: there, you'll find very colorful food (mainly fish) and flower ‘markets each morning. Not too far away is the Senate Square, with classical buildings from the carly 1800s, the President’s Palace and the Greek Orthodox Cathedral. The buildings in Helsinki recall Leningrad and its previous incarnation as St. Petersburg'- not too surprising for Finland was once a Russian province. For many visitors, though, Helsinki’s main sights are its superb contemporary buildings. The work of architects, whose fame and influence has spread worldwide, is daring and brilliantly executed, 2. According to the text ‘+ Finland is worth visiting in spite of the distance. yes no, ‘* Finnish architects are known all over the world, [yes no Give evidence for your answers by referring to the text. 3. Read the sentences below and observe the use of the words that, who, whose. ‘* Finland, the easternmost Scandinavian nation that borders the Soviet Union, is far from the “little” country that Americans used to call her in the Thirties. ‘* Finland is extremely rewarding for the visitor who elects to come that far. ‘* ...Helsinki’s main sights are its superb contemporary buildings, the whose fame and influence_bas spread worldwide, The words in bold above usually modify a noun or a pronoun. ex: nation that borders visitor whe elects architects whose fame he who sings QUEST 2 s YAZIGI., Read the text below - Views of Toledo - and find out * the name of the people who took control of Toledo in the 8th century. Oe Echoes of the Ages Toledo was forged by the same succession of invasions that shaped Spain’s rich, enigmatic culture. Situated near the geographic center of the Iberian peninsula and naturally protected by the ‘Tagus, it was a strategic military stronghold and important political center for nearly 1,500 years, ‘The Romans. occupied the site from the second to the fifth centuries and left behind the beginnings of the Castilian (Spanish) language. The Visigoths drove out the Romans, made Toledo their capital and converted its citizens to Christianity. But it was the Moors, who conquered Toledo in the eighth century, who left the deepest mark. Besides fortifying and enlarging the city, the Moors made it one of the artistic and cultural centers of Islamic Spain, They adorned Toledo with opulent mosques, mansions and palaces. When the city finally fell to Christian King Alfonso VI in 1085, Moorish art and architecture were so firmly rooted that they remained in fashion for several more centuries. Medieval Toledo was an extraordinary blend of Christians, Moslems and Jews - “magical and mysterious, with its physicists and necromancers, alchemists and “stargazers”, wizards and... ‘merchants in narrow alleys where the sun never entered’ as one historian put it. It was, despite periods of brutal anti-Semitism, “‘the Jerusalem of Spanish Jews’, great synagogues were built, commerce thrived in the walled Jewish quarter, and Hebrew scholars worked alongside Moorish and Christian colleagues at the famed School of Translators, which spread Aristotelian philosophy throughout Europe. bd The Moors most influenced life in Toledo. [] The Romans most influenced life in Toledo. The School of Translators was responsible for Id the diffusion, [] the restriction, [ | the criticism of Aristotelian philosophy YAZIGI Read the text again and check the correct answer: [1] The Visigoths most influenced life in Toledo. Europe. QUEST 2G. Now observe the use of the words that, who, where, which in the following sentences. * Toledo was forged by the same succession of invasions that shaped Spain’s rich, enigmatic culture. Slide * But it was she Moors, who conquered Toledo in the 8th century, who left the deepest mark. *“.. merchants in mi where the sun never entered” * ... and Hebrew scholars wofked alongside Moorish and Christian colleagues at the famed ‘School of Translators, which spread Aristotelian philosophy throughout Europe. Ru The words in bold also modify @ noun. ex: invasions that the Moors, who conquered the Moors, ___ who left 3 narrow alleys where School of Translators, which If the information in the sentence which contains the words who, which, that, whose, where is not essential to the meaning of the whole sentence and can be omitted, this _ information is set off by commas. ex.: But it was the Moors, who conquered Toledo in the 8th century, who left the deepest mark. qe » Finland is extremely The visitor elects to come rewarding for the visitor Ye that far Finland is extremely rewarding for the visitor who elects to come that far. pte ele Te re pepe aloes » Toledo was forged by the same succession of invasions that shaped Spain's rich, enigmatic culture. Read the following pairs of sentences and observe how they have been joine »Finland, the easternmost Finland borders the Soviet Scandinavian nation, is far Union. from the little country that “N Americans used to call her in the 30s. Finland, the easternmost Scandinavian nation which borders the Soviet Union, the little country. The work of architects is ‘Their fame and influence daring and brilliantly has spread worldwide. i‘ executed. The work of architects, whose fame and influence has spread worldwide, is daring and brilliantly executed, b. Now join the following pairs of sentences using who, which, whose, that, where, when: * Michael Jones,addressed the jurors in calm tones. His mustache could not hide his tender age of 32, ways ‘+ Tim and Laura moved to a small city in the interior of the state. \efee"There Tim found a job in a construction firm while Laura got a part-time job as a medical receptionist. QUEST 2 7 yézial* Gotti may never have.a chance to get away with his crimes. Gott! seemed to personify @ new generation of gangsters. Br) * Many people prefer to visit Greece in the spring and fal. In the spring-and-fall-the weather is great in-Greece- Veter WAU * Hotel prices have gone up a bit lately in Switzerland. = Hotel prices were frozen for years. ees. * The image of the paradisiacal mediterranean was created by painters like Picasso, Matisse and Bonnard. The image-of the-paradisiacal- mediterranean still haunts our imagination. wife ee i + A band of Spanish explorers settled in a California valle. etic BIgReS are plentiful inthe valley ‘+ National Video of Portiand has 776 franchises in the U.S. and opens an average of 15 new shops every month. National-Video-of Portland opened its first outlet in 1981. Tee WH Cad '* The clients.canceled accounts with Saatchi. Meee een 2 Who a) ‘Zin Yugoslavia you can stay well in new hotels at reasonable prices. +The hospitality industry has tried hard to reach international standards in-Yagosiavia. Weert w 39 Boa PRominc geo JE ITO '* Guilherme de Oltveira's favorite passtime is hang gliding. aaa as Guilherme. de-Olivie recommends this sport to everyone Wross ‘+ The adventure begins when a train leaves Victoria Station and winds its way to the Channel. WHE A & Mo] ZX At-the-Ghannel passengers disembark to board a ferry. ie Ss ~ ©. Make two sentences containing all the information in each of the sentences below. ex.: The film, which won the prize in the International Festival, is about a fellow who went insane. The film is about a The film won the {fellow who went insane. prize in the International Festival Sf raceme econ fede teractions inflation. THE way + Gatsha Buthelez! is the leader of 5.5 milion Zulus whe-form South Africa's largest ethnic bloc THEZULUS ‘* The government's problems begar{ last yea? when a police inspector was found dead about the time he was to have besirarasted. Lasy yuan T* © Pinochet, whose-government only governs by force, infends to retain Chile's presidency until 1989, and for a further 8 years thereafter if the military junta decides so. Poe He + CovEhyNE AT '* Wood is an essential building material especially in tropical countries where the losses, due to decay, are the worst. Wo Reece? * Tourism has a number of features set it apart from other industries. ena lia Coa FemUb jn, exorD15, = Se Sérgio Ramiref whase. works of fiction are sharp, witty incursions into the hidden side 97! © of human arthgdest oceme @ politician because of the emergency situation in.» Nicaragua. ° Ramace es Worn £ICTIOU 5 YAZIGI 8 Whee - suet QUEST 2 ims1. choose a preposition from the list below and complete the following sentences: r, © He was angry months. QUEST 2 POINTS TO PONDER ¥ To, On, By and Family by, of, about, yy Sy — Z2. Now confirm your answers by referring to the rules below: um cheque de 800 cruzados = a check for 800 cruzados. Necessidade de novas casas = a rise in the cost of living, danos a populacdo = damage to people. Teaco s noticias = reaction to the news. solugao para os problemas = solution to the problem. resposta & pergunta = answer to my question. atitude para com o emprego = attitude to/towards the job. ohh fem ‘com cheque = by check r em greve = on strike a negécios = on business good at fixing. married to surprised at/by the news similar to > bom_am consertar. ‘casado com Paul surpreso com as noticias Parecido com aborrecido com = upset about noivo de/com Silvana = engaged to Silvana bravo com = angry with/at (somebody) bravo devido a = angry at/about (something) recusa em = refusal to ie 3..27ell your colleagues: HOHE ORY © com 0 que vocé est bravo. * que vocé queria pagar o supermercado com cheque mas eles nao aceitaram. * com o que voce esté aborrecido. * com que lingua a lingua portuguesa é parecida. ‘© que muitos trabalhadores entrardo em greve. * vocé vai viajar para Salvador a negécios. * com quem Elizabeth Taylor ja foi casada. b.Ask a colleague | * de quem um colega est noivo. * com quem ele esté bravo * se ele pode trocar um cheque de 1.000 cruzados. * se ele conhece alguém que 6 bom em consertar carros velhos. bm pm, * como ele reagiu as ultimas medidas econémicas do governo. YAZIGI 10 : QUEST 2POINTS TO PONDER Beta Rae eae RA RRR Fass eh KE Wed Bah q PARI AME Picking on/Tom, Dick and Harry heal beta ae fe RA RAR Fast th KOR SWE EA, 1. Read the informal conversations below and find out in which one the speakers refer to lhl someone's death. [cl someone who paid with a check without having enough money at the bank. {| someone who did not assume any responsibility. « {©} someone who used his influence to help someone. {LJ someone who does something regularly, @ someone who consciously did something to hurt someone. , 1A someone who is operating a business at a loss. [4 someone who is always criticizing one of the speakers. 1 what someone does to be promoted. Ia] someone who keeps no secrets to himseltherselt. | went back to the store where | bought my freezer. It’s not working. \, Y: And are they going to change it? X: Who knows? I complained to the salesman but he passed the buck to the manager and he said helll call me ~ tomorrow. B. x: Aremit you going to Salvador? ¥: Not anymore. | Rad to go by plane and flying scares me to death. & VERY Myce i‘ FS x: Beto tooks wo worried. san Y: It's because the bank manager eon* : $ threatened to close his account, > © He paid all his bills with rubber checks. X: Where are you going for your vacation? Paulo told me you weren't going to Recife anymore. Y: | wasn’t. All the Hotels there were booked. But a friend of mine who owns a travel agency pulled strings forme and gota room for 42 dhys. fv feaving on Mewar LS gidhen. oll Prvdbnn © QUEST 2 i co —-YAZIGI \E. x: My mother's always picking on m Y: She's right. You never do what you're supposed to. X: Did you attend the Minister's lecture about the new economic changes? Y: Sure, but what he said didn’t make aed ; G._X: I think t'm going to look for another job. ¥: Why? Don't you like what you do? X: No, the problem is that they don’t want to give_me a raise and after the birth of our new baby we can’t oe" X: Thank God that gang of thieves is not around anymore! Were they arrested? Y: No, of course not! | heard that the leader of the gang kicked the bucket.some time bee hin « dalle X: Oscar is going to get a raise for the second time this year. Gy. 92 A Naturally! He's an apple polisher! He's always fatiering his superiors), Joey is: Everybody knows what the problems ° with Sandre’s husbend is. 'Y: No wonder! She's always telling her Protilems to every Tom, Dick Lipgn r K. x: Have you heard from Ellen? fers ver 1 I met her last week. You know e something? 9 She's leaving for the United States for. D) good tay FOR LIFE EVER Pov LL. X; Joana plays tennis day in. day out. She wants to take part in the next Olympics. Y: I heard she's playing very well. Pedro is running his farm in the-red. Y: But I don’t think he is worried about : that. He's making a lot of money with! his factory. N.X: | couldn't study for the Portuguese test. Y: Don't take it for granted that you're going to pass without studying. \@// : José didn’t sfow up for the dinner party we had arranged. Do you think he did it ‘on purpose? OF course. He did it out of mation sper) oO. YAZIGI nee as QUEST 22. Match the expressions in column B with their explanations in column A.Refer to the conversation in which the expressions appear, if necessary, 3. supply the English equivalent for the Portuguese expressions below: | can't stand my brother! [Ele a sempre owe meu pé] because of the people | hang around with. pea Yi pidlin om [Geraldo ¢ um tremendo eae aco). He's Bee sprang be beget Ps doesn’t agree with them. ee cus, lig gett Maria is not suitable for the position of Secretary to the Presidency. She's always telling ‘the company’s secrets (para qualquer um]. TOM, DIEK ANDI Hrnny QUEST 2 13, yAzIGI[Marcia teré que fazer _iodaigs regutarmentaifjahe wants to lose weight. Manecn Wid wee J ancin day om ycleuy oud My father talked to Dr. Ribeito, diector of Nacional Telecomunicacbes. (Dr. ‘mexer os pauzinhos para mim] and. get me a job there. ) ST Ea carey dye ante la) etna » police raid e Kick Jeu bucliee Can you lend me some money? [Eu estou no vermelno} and two checks bounced. Lan ae hod | went to the butcher's to complain about the meat they sold me. Mas ele passou a i Sn } i feeponsablldade para 0 gorontal ond he refused totekt me a) \s cmd 50, burl 4pn ee ae Paulo needs some money. He paid school [com um cheque, gem fundolay } Wo rthen eree Regina broke my sister's sound system. [Ela fez isso por maldade 3M bee iica mesic Hy nooks eee YAZIGI 14 QUEST 2Ses 1. supply the English equivalent for the sentences below: * Ela comeu bem pouco no almoro. je Be sda eB Sa, head cepa hi hy + Hovia muita gents para assistir o flme . je Wa o > dod # + Nes slmocamas bem, no Vegetables no gastamos muito. a row Gamo hn sal We Ve geal + Tenho pouco tempo para ir ao centro sagen e voltar. + Fouco tem sido feito para se acabar com a pobrera no Bra de. J socom. nil * Ele toma muita cerveja. e \ 2d oly, beer. Néo tenho muito tempo para, falar com $ de aug mrs ume Ela convidou somente:alauns amigos para janter A he \ Vv 4 Lito ne We fp puewd - = v QUEST 2 15 YAzIGI2. We use WO cn, ‘2. Much with uncountable nouns. ~? ex.: We didn’t buy much food at the supermarket. Did he drink much beer at the party? b. Many with plural nouns. vee ex.: Paulo doesn't have many friends. ‘Were there many people at the party? Note: * In informal English the use of much and many is mainly restricted to negative and to interrogative contexts. * In affirmative contexts much and many are usually used together with so or too. ex.: She isn't feeling well today because she drank too much whiskey at the party. Claudio made so many mistakes that he was fired. al ¢. A lot of, lots of, plenty of 7 ’ * with uncountable nouns: a lot of money lots of beer plenty of gas lots of people plenty of cars Note: In informal English a lot of, plenty of, are more common than much and many in affirmative statements. ie has plenty of time to study but he never does his homework. A lot of houses were destroyed by the storm. d. We use little with uncountable nouns ex.: little sugar little money Little usually expresses a negative idea. ‘ex.: She has little patience with children. A little has a more positive sense suggesting “some’’ ‘ex.1 Maria managed to get the job because she speaks 1a little English, @. We use few with plural nouns, ex.: few students few accidents Few usually expresses a negative idea. ex.: As few people would be able to attend the meeting, they postponed it until next Friday. A few has a more positive sense suggesting “some! ex.: | subscribe to a lot of magazines but nowadays | just have time to read a few of them. YAZIGI 16 QUEST 23. compiete the sentences below with much, many, few, little, (of) , a little, a few: lot of, lots of, plenty © Hurry up! I don't have cssuch time. © This machine is very economical. It uses 8.» energy. + 2+ +) people were invited for the meeting, TULA HOR Be * 4+ 4) Latin American countries sent representatives when the American president took office. '* We had dinner at the new “Antonio's”. The food wasn’t very good and we spent asus money. '* We won't get there before 6. At this time there's too." traffic. needed help to finish work, so everybody decided to help her. SX seth 7 Daoge 0 ploracce * Crops will be good this year. There has been =~. ~ rain recently. * | offered Paulo some more icecream but he said he had already had 0 ‘* Would you like to go to the “sitio” with us this weekend? We've got room. in our new house. abe ‘© This food is awful. There's too 2 0'\ salt in it. * The new maid has. patience with the children. * Sha could take azul pictures in Salvador. Her camera was out of order. * Let's have some coffee. We've’ got time before the plane leaves. QUEST 2 . a7 YAZIGINOTES YAzIGI Quest 2NOTES YAZIGI 19 QUEST 2NOTES Bald 3h yp MULE R Weed dick aya Spal e-clg a) wight Yeo Ye Sen 7 Tv 23 Vv a7 -R Bis QaoTHER ware Ty WHEY MEOC! KAS THERE , TEX MIVUYTES lwepe HER 4 6vee, ZO a QUTSIPE = [03T Coreg Bree y eR) Any CHOtH Blege 7? Yoyo Stet > Blacig |