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    Quest 1 - Between The Lines

    Uploaded by

    Alex de Castro

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    =) ASS) eS) Latin American Literature in Vogue Good News About Compact Discs Recent Inventions DIET eu Bae uri ee tel oy bere Lead Pre oC aul ire icy Quesy 7 + E 2 | ADVANCE 1 INSTITUTO DE IDIOMAS YAZIGI S/C__ Presidéncia: Fernando H. Silva CENTRO DE LINGUISTICA APLICADA Diregao: Lynn Mario T. Menezes de Souza =p AUTORES DO QUEST 1 Lynn Mario T. Menezes de Souza Maria da Gléria Costa Cunha Gil Mario Utimati Projeto Grafica Original: Selene Beatriz de Oliveira Cruz Assistente de Producio: Enir Martins Ferreira § 5 ttustracées do Miolo: Jun Yohoyama, Valter Harasaki e Mauro Kazuo Sato Hustracao de Capa: Sérgio Sdrous Impresso nas graficas da Difusao Nacional do Livro = *ESTE VOLUME E PARTE INTEGRANTE DO LIVRO QUEST 1 Editado e publicado pela ~ DIFUSAO NACIONAL DO LIVRO, EDITORA E IMPORTADORA LTDA. Av. 9 de Julho, 3166 - CEP 01406 - Sao Paulo - SP mar¢o/88 TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS BETWEEN THE LINES by / 1. Take 2 took at the names below. Which are names of writers? Joao Ubaldo Ribeiro Co Richard Burton Bi Vargas Liosa Co Vanessa Redgrave CO James Dean Marcio Souza CO Jack Stewart CO Marie Curie Garcia Marquez CO William Hurt 5 José Sarne} © Manuel Puig 1 Doris Day Taylor de Loyola Brandao 1 Peter O'Toole 2. what do the seven writers in the list above have in common? [1 They're all Brazilians. [41 They're all Latin Americans. [] They all write in Spanish. L_] They have all written poetry. [J They're all novelists. 3. Try 10 relate the names of the authors (left) to their works (right): 2. Joo Ubaldo Ribeiro [41 The Kiss of the Spider Woman b. Vargas Llosa [4 One Hundred Years of Solitude ©. Mércio Souza [41 Nao Verds Pals Nenhum d. Garcia Marquez [¢] Maria Maria | . Manuel Puig () Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter | f. Igndcio de Loyola Brandao [J Viva 0 Povo Brasileiro 4. Road the text and id out ‘* what Latin American writers are more involved in than any other group of authors in the world. * which Brazilian writers ‘are mentioned in the text. * the name of the literary genre most Latin American writers prefer. QUEST 1 ° 1 YAZIGI BOOKS LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE IN VOGUE Novels copyrighted in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina have become stock items in U.S and European bookshops. Names like Garcia Mérquez, © Mario Vargas Llosa, Jorge Amado and Carlos Fuentes are “dropped in literary discussions from New York to London. For the first time, other writers are imitating Latin Americans stead of the other way aroynd. The long-overlooked writers of the region are not surprised by this sudden interest in the “outside” world. It is the societies in decomposi- tion, societies in the process of change, that have always stim- ulated invention?’ says Vargas Llosa, one of the most ex- citing figures of the Latin literary revolution. “It is not by happenstance that Latin America has produced a literature that is very ambitious, very creative and very original?” It was perhaps inevitable that the Latin literary explosion has become very political as well. “There is no way to avoid it”, says Vargas Llosa. “Our whole history has been one of slaughter and shocking intransigence” ‘Most authors seem preoccupied with poverty and political ‘oppression, In a region where democracy is the exception and history means a succession of ‘oppressive regimes literature serves as a tool used by writers to destroy the myths perpetuated by dictatorships. “One can often say through YAZIGI literature what cannot be said ‘otherwise? explains Mexican novelist Carlos Fuentes. Some ‘writers stress that their respon- sibility is not only to feveal the often brutal workings of a political apparatus, but to point the way toward an alternative future. z 5 Lockers S gn peldion Latin American writers are probably more visibly involved in politics than any other regional group of authors in the world. Some have given up writing books in order to engage themselves in politics. Carlos Fuentes and Octavio Paz have served respectively as Mexico's ambassadors to France and India. Venezuelan novelist Arturo Uslar Pietri ran for ‘Garcia Marquez: preoccupied with poverty and political oppression” President, and Jorge Amado once served as a Communist deputy in the Brazilian Congress before breaking with the party. Ernesto Cardenal, the poet-priest, is currently Minister for Culture | « in the Sandinista regime in ‘Nicaragua. Even Latin America’s most venerable writers have ventured into the political arena. ; Chilean poet Pablo Neruda . gained a Senate seat on the Comminist ticket. ‘And Argentina’s Jorge Luis Borges, the most apolitical of the old-guard writers, has publicly condemned the continuing mass “disappearances” of his nation’s political dissidents. Latin America boasts a culturally diverse body of literature. Pre-Columbian legends have inspired authors from Mexico to Paraguay. Novelists in Brazil, Colombia and the Caribbean say they owe a large debt to their QUEST 1 < ———— aL. american citenature * _ African heritage Many writers also claim European and North American novelists as their literary mentors. “The society Faulkner wrote about is very close to ours”, says Vargas Llosa. “He showed a society with a history of violence and myth, a society in agony” ‘The agony in the literature frequently reveals a society caught between conflicting forces: tradition vs. modernity, myth vs. reality. To escape the intolerable, characters may suddenly fly off to the sun - an event presented in Garcia Marquez’s “One Hundred Years”. Their tendency to draw on the fantastic - a genre known as “magical realism” and first explored by Borges — has become a calling card for Latin American works. TX dy olor Aaa The “national” preoccupation of many leading novelists has led some critics to contend that the region does not really share a common body of work. “It ‘cannot yet be said that there is a cohesive Latin American literature?” argues Uruguayan critic Emir Rodriguez Monegal. “Latin American literature is ‘more an intention than fact simply because Latin America itself has never achieved cultural integration’” Igndcio de Loyola Brandao, Lédo Ivo and Ivan Angelo are all building audiences as they attempt to give definition to Latin America’s Portuguese - speaking subcontinent. Cormersil) Spears ‘The appetite in Europe and North America for Latin America’s literary works pérsists. Several distinguished US. publishing houses have included the works of Latin writers on their lists: Vargas Llosa’s “Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter?” Fuentes's “Distant Relation” and “New Islands”, a book of short stories by Maria Luisa Bombal of Chile. Many of the forthcoming translations owe a debt to the Center for Inter-American Relations that, over the last fourteen years, has helped shepherd almost 70 Latin American works into English translation, Boasts Rosario Santos, director of the center's literature program: “The impression Latin American writers have created in the United States is very very great!” A sampling of the Latin American novels which have become best- sellers in the United States and which have shown the region’s literary production to the English-speaking world: * Nao Veris Pais Nenhum. By Brazil's Ignacio de Loyola Brandao. A bitter look at Latin America’s future, =2-ge, * En Mi Jardin Pastan los Héroes. By Cuban exile Heberto Padilla. A novel about a journalist in totalitarian regime. * Maldicién Eterna a Quién Lea Estas Paginas. By Argentina’s Manuel Puig. Confined to a wheelchair, an aging exile reminisces about his life and country. ‘* La Guaracha del Macho Camacho. (Macho Camacho’s Beat.) By Luis Rafael Sanchez of Puerto Rico. A satire of the American presence in Puerto Rico. 5. the toxt is divided in 5 parts. The first part is an introduction and the other 4 parts have the following subtitles: , Lack of Cultural Integration Involvement in Politics Commercial Successes A Society in Agony Perhaps the provincial borders will come down in the decade ahead. A body of new writers is gaining momentum, particularly in Brazil where something of a literary renaissance has been under way since censorship was lifted in the late 1970s. Joao Ubaldo Ribeiro, Marcio Souza, Read the text again if necessary and give one of the subtitles above to each part. QUEST 1 3 YAZIGI 6.. According to Vargas Llosa (in the introduction) © Latin America is made up of societies in desomposition © Latin American literature lacks ambition, creativity and originality. CE Latin American literature is in the process of change. © Lavin american iteratre has managed to avd beng political 7. Which of the statements below are FALSE according to your understanding of the text (in the } introduction) ? O Latin American books are not available to American and European readers. CO Wé.ery clear that most Latin American writers are concerned with poverty and political oppression. © Latin American writers only desribe and criticize the poverty the oppression and the brutal workings of the political apparatus in their countries. 8. a.nead the words below — all of them extracted from the first part of the text — and find out their meanings: bookshops sivirnies oppressive regimes Aecwncs oPsees) copyright ¥ c00la political apparatus 2°)! 2/A: > intransigence 1372s. .68sc19 poverty po ates invention jvc slaughter 074062 literature > tool 1 >y + novels ROMANCES writers © $ b.Divide the words above in two groups, under these headings: ‘ BOOKS LATIN AMERICA B0ox'sHOPS Pieva T08 snie copyr WAAR VSI Geuce yAzIGI 4 QUEST 1 , Look at these sentences and find out the meanings of the words and expressions in bold ‘+ Names like Garcia Marquez, Mario Vargas Llosa, Jorge Amado and Carlos Fuentes are dropped in literary discussions from New York to London. * For the first time other writers are imitating Latin Americans instead of the other way around. * The long-overlooked writers of the region are not surprised by this sudden interest in the “outside” world, * It is not by happenstance that Latin America has produced a literature that is very ambitious, very creative and very original. * There is mo way to avoid it ‘* Some writers stress that their responsibility is not only to reveal the often brutal workings of a Political apparatus, but to point the way toward an alternative future. 10. Find out in the 2nd part of the text — Involvement in Politics — the nationality and the involvement in politics of the following writers NATIONALITY © Octavio Paz See et nay fan _prwided ono ey Cole's ed ee vee “ “e's (a oe Omcean OOOO O00" LK KK KR OR KKK KK “eee ese eee be 0 es a es ss sn tan OOP OCOCOCOCOOOO0 CW 0000004 OOOO aA nD OP OCOCOCOW 000000000000 w'4 00 '0'0'e'e'0'0'0'0 000000 e000 00 eee 2'0'0'e ee e'ee'e 000s see's eae ee ees ¢ Pablo Neruda QUEST 1 5 YAZIGI 11. Find in the 3rd part of the text — A Society in Agony — who or what has had influence on Latin American writers. 12. wnat do the works of the American writer William Faulkner have in common with Latin ‘America? 13. what other “contlicting forces” are, from your point of view, present in Brazilian society besides the ones mentioned by Vargas Llosa, Le. traditions vs. modernity, myth vs, realty? 14. Look in the 2nd and 3rd parts of the text for the English equivalent for the words below: deputado chien omngidater:ee,a Taeehen 2 8 A aventurar-se - a ecediiie Ue oe heer “Eee deveriverbo)__Ja mua , Je able gaineatoiica oes aR ites 9, géneroliterério) ‘Yang obrastartisticas) a 15. According to your understanding of the 4th part of the text — Lack of Cultural Integration — which of the statements below do you consider TRUE? =. We cannot say that there is a “Latin American literature”. @ Latin American societies are not integrated. '* Brazil is going through a period of something like a literary renaissance. ‘© The lifting of censorship in Brazil In the late 70s did not cause any change in Brazilian, literature, YAzIGI 6 QUEST 1 16. Look at these verbs and find their me: qnate) vote The “national” preoccupation of many leading novelists has led some critics to contend that the region does not rally share a common body of work. pun Peumen Tate 1970s, FO Hae od literary renaissance has been under fom comes rp . + Joto Ubaldo Ribeiro, Marcio Souza, Ignicio de Loyola Brando, Lédo Ivo and Ian Angelo are all building audiences as they attempt to give definition to Latin America’s Portuguese- speaking subcontinent, a5 Tei 17. Match the words on the let extracted from the 4th and Sth parts of the text — with their equivalents on the right. a, to reminisce (AJ tentar ». sampling [<1 atingie © short stories [4] fronteiras . forthcoming [1] contos e. bitter [1 exilado: f. borders (0) orgulhar-se &. wheelchair [0] fururas ‘hh. to attempt [- ] editoras i. publishing houses [vl visdo ij. exile [1] renomadas k. to achieve [©] amostra_ 1. distinguished [0] romances m. look [oJ relembrar. ‘n. novels [4] cadeira de rodas 6. 10 boast [2] amargo QUEST 1 7 YAZIGI 18. a. what are the English titles of these Latin American novels? 2. Nao Verds Pais Nenhum b. En Mi Jardin Pastan los Héroes ¢. Maldicién Eterna a Quién Lea Estas Paginas Be Eternal Curse to Whoever Reads these Pages [C1 Heroes Are Grazing in My Garden [i] You Will Not See Any Country [ 71 b. Who's the main character in novels a, b, ¢, above? a) b) °) ¢. Which one of the writers of the books above is not currently living in his country? 19. How does the text in its last part present the nationality of these writers? Ex: ..8 book of short stories by Maria Luisa Bombal of Chile. Ulondcto de Loyola Brandéo} iy Bence, Senate Seue, {Heberto Padita) Nhu Gulu [Manuel Puig} {luis Rafael Sanchez] Ju, Bude Reem 20. The text contains several testimonies to illustrate or to support its arguments. Is there any testimony given by a non-Latin? 1 Fir > colecan ,ialen WOUDR > maredlh, , WILD 25 ody a athegr 5 me nlsicy lero - Witdiice o wale sighraapen WILD Caper. Lact ) Powe, mugicio ved) rdw y FULD 5 {yr ; Irerbus sages <> PON e) ombrOne {endo to 1APROVE > dorm YAZIGI 8 QUEST 1 é aS ewe en THE LINES 4 L read the text Good News about Compact Discs and find out ‘* to whom the text is addressed: Ds] to prospective consumers [_ | to professionals | ] to those who already have a compact-dise player ‘* what the objectives of the text are: ] to show the disadvantages of the compact-disc player ] to show that compact-disc players are still unaccessible to most people [ I<] to show the most important features of a compact-disc player t t ] to show that compact-disc players are now available at an accessible price Look what's up for adoption! (Some selections may be a So adopt a place, plant, Adopt-a-whale: Pick from 70 spectacular humpback ‘whales that live along the eastern seaboard—each ‘one identified by its looks or habits. Donations help promote protection of these whales and other ma-| rine mammals. Cost S15, For adoption forms, write IKARE Wildlife Coali- tion, 89 Water Street, ‘Woods Hole, Mass. 02543 Adopt-a-z00 animal: (wo programs, one on each coast. The San Francisco Zoo offers koalas, kangai- roos, otters. and more; the Baltimore Zoo has red pandas, prairie dogs. and spider monkeys. Funds go for medical care and 200 QUEST 1 improvements. Cost: $15 and up. For complete list- ings and adoption forms, write Adopt-an-Animal, Baltimore Zoo, Druid Park, Baltimore, Md. 21217; or Adopt-an-Ani- il ‘mal, San Francisco Z60- logical Society, Sloat Bou- levard at the Pacific Ocean, San Francisco, Calif. 94132. Adoptearduck: not just a duck (a female shoveler duck, to be exact), but Canada geese and feisty litte falcons called Ameri- can kestrels too. All three species regularly visit a 360-acre sanctuary on the Massachusetts coast. Cost: $10 each. Send check to Adopt-a-Duck Program, Good new$ about compact discs ‘Compact discs and players have been around for more| than four years, but until recently their price tags ‘were too high for most consumers. Now, prices for both the dises and players, hhave plummeted, allowing a growing number of people to discover this new sound sensation, Prices for the players range from $200 to more than $1,000 and could be as low as $150 by Christmas (Two years ago the lowest price was $1,000). And disc prices have dropped from more than $20 to $10 to S16. Compact discs produce a sound that is startlingly vibrant and lifelike. The players work entirely differently from record or tape players: instead of dragging a needle through the grooves of a vinyl record, compact-dise layers use a laser beam to read” a system of billions ‘of microscopic pits in the discs. There is no hissing or static, no distortion from dust, no skips caused by vibration, and no wear on the disc. Best of all, the ‘compact-dise players can be plugged into an existing stereo system, The players: Compact-dise players come in three models ~ home- stereo components, car units, and portable players There is litle difference in sound quality between the low-price and high-price models. ‘The main difference is the number of features. The higher priced, more sophisticated players allow ‘you to skip tunes, repeat songs, or program musical selections in the order you ‘want t0 hear them. Many come with remote-control units The discs At4 3/4 inches in jameter, the compact disc is one-sixth the size of a long-playing record (LP). Only one side of the disc hhas music, but that side holds up to 74 minutes - ‘more music than both sides of an LP or tape. There are now 4,000 ‘compact-dis tiles available, The pits on the plastic discs are covered with a protective plastic coating, ‘making the discs far more damage resistant than LPs for tapes. YAZIGI 2. which of the information below is not present in the text? 3. in which order does the information above appear in the text? © © O © 4. Which of the features below belong to a) conventional record players b) compact-disc players {21 vibrant and lifelike sound [©] needle so {21 no static (1 mi roscopic pits In 1 grooves suico [a] hissing } 10. disto YAZIGI 10 QUEST 1 5. Read the statements below and decide whether they are TRUE or FALSE according to your understanding of the text. 6.. Read the information below and explain in your own words the three expressions in bald they're much smaller in size than LPs. “both of their sides contain music. their playing time is longer than a conventional LP. they're less resistant than LPs. 8. Find in the text the words equivalent to: real Vee une raio laser nen ak totalmente &wranccy surpreendentemente 31 2 etiqueta de prego Pxice 1965 permitir 70 (% caracteristicas ycasuaxs disponivel v2 5 revestimento cen)iny QUEST 1 1" YAZIGI 9. Read the sentences below and give a synonym for or explain the words or expressions in bol ‘* Compact discs and players have been around for more than four years,... oP: discover this new sound sensation. rices for both the discs and players have ‘+ Prices for the players range from $200 to more than $1,000... a plummeted, allowing a growing number of people to | 4 stereo system 1 gramophone 2 record player 5 compact-disc player: > portable player: ‘eelectric refrigerator kerosene refrigerator 10. a. Read the types of TV sets, stoves, refrigerators and record players which have existed in the last 30 years or more and then put them in chronological order. }40"" TV set Aportable black and white TV set wrist TV 9420 “stereo TV A large black and white TV set 3" TV ‘digital channel selector _/®. In your imagination, what will technology present us with after the wrist TV, the micro-wave ‘oven, the freezer and the compact disc player? Discuss it with your colleagues and teacher |e What do you think technology's main objectives should be? \ 4. Which of the products listed in a do you already have or would like to have? In which way would these products change or improve your way of living? YAZIGI 12 QUEST 1 pete en THE Lines 1. Here are four texts from the Recent Inventions column of THE SOUTHERN CROSS Sunday Supplement. Reed them and answer these 2 questions: '* Which of the products are already available? ‘* Which of the text presents a recommendation on how to use the device they're advertising? 4 2 Recent Inventions ‘Technology has wrought the videodisc, the digital audiodise and now - the Aroma Disc. A fragrance dispenser that is about the size of a 10 thick paperback book, this electronic device may be a home air freshener of the '80s. ee-inch-diameter discs, made of in_absorbent fabric and saturated (with fragrant oils, can simply be slipped into a-sfot in the machine | to give off a scent for nearly every coccasion.-With the appropriate disc, for example, you can entertain ‘odorously with scents reminiscent Of the beach, crackling fireplace, the forest after a rain or burning. candles. ‘There are currently 40 pungent paalettes of perfume, including some for special occasions such as Christmas and Halloween. The discs will fill up a mediumsize living room with scent in about two to three minutes. “Long playing” versions are infused with more ‘essence so they can last up to five hours. The Aroma Disc will be put fon the market in 1986 by Environmental Fragrance ‘Technology, Ltd., of New York Price: about $20; between $1.50 and 5 for the discs An Infant Rocker Modern electronics have entered Japanese nurseries. In whatis pethaps the most interesting and broadly appealing application of voice-recognition technology, this innovation has been incorporated into an infant's cradle-that auto- matical asks when ears a |The Suny Power cota ‘baby squalling. The Do-Re-Mi ‘manufactured by Ida Tokushd Kiky, cradle is actually an adjustable uses sunlight - of room light - infant's seat perched on a pedestal. } instead of toothpaste to clean your ‘The pedestal has a rocking teeth. A titanium-dioxide chip mechanism as well asa casseue | resembling a pencil lead is tape recorder that will also switch] embedded in the plastic handle of on automatically at the sound of an} the brush. As one brushes, light infant's ery. The tape recorder can | strikes the semiconductor chip, Play prerecorded cassette tapes or | causing i to emit electrons, These those with music or voices that “ | particles in turn generate aa parents make themselves, The electrical charge in the water manufacturer, Adachi Co. of around the bristles and teeth, The Yamato city, Says the Do-Re-Mi | charge decomposes plaque on the cradle can distinguish between a | teeth, whichis then rinsed away. baby’s sounds and adult voices so | The brush requires no batteries and that it will not inadvertently spring | has no moving parts. Into action and disturb a sleeping” |The Sunny Power toothbrush is infant. sold in Japa and may soow'bs Designed for babies three months | marketed overseas-Pries: about $620. pe oie Ro Pi Mi cell a, ers That React to the Rain ‘been marketed in Japan since 1985. by Daito Trading Co The company recommends that the device not be used as a fulltime babysitter but rather as a type of mechanized telef aid for an hour or two at a time, Price: about $280. Using Light to Clean Teeth A Kyoto-based company’ takes the expression “a sunny’ smile” literally, Japanese motorists hardly need to / flinch these days when a dull drizzle tun into a sudden fotors, Ltd, of 7 “Tokyo, recently began marksting the (Svorld’s first raindrop-detecting ‘windshield wipers,|which utomaticaly adjosttneir speed ~ ‘according to the intensity of the ‘ain. The windshield wipers have a sensor attached Yo the automobile’s engine hood. When rain hits the sensor, it sends a shot of electrical voltage to the amplifier that -sceontrols the speed of the windshield wiper motor. The sensor and amplifier are sold as a system that can be easily installed on any of Nissan's automobiles and several of its competitors cars as well. The wiper motor. blades and dashboard- ‘compartment switch all remain the same. Price: about $37 without installation ‘QUEST 1 13 YAZIGI 2. to which of the four texts does each of the words below belong to: 4 { a ong E ‘ cradle - perfume - to rinsé“'Sensor - toothbrush - nurseries - bristles - essence - engine hood - to rock - windshield - wipers - toothpast. off - rain u codorously - cry - drizzle - teeth - fragrance - to give ~~ RELATED WORDS Now add at least 3 words of each text you consider important for the understanding of the texts. Text 1: Text 2: Text 3: Text 4: B.note how the beginning of each text is aimed at arousing the interest of the reader by giving only partial information: videodisc, x has produced the Videous ‘Technology has produced | the digital autodise and now Disc = need 10 WOFTY a en) Japanese ma ll izi= tums wsuaden downpout YAZIGI wost'e) 14 \ ‘auest 1 4. now observe how in text 1 a reference to the manufacturer is expressed: ‘The Aroma Dise will be put on the market this fall by Environmental Fragrance Technology Ltd., New York. > How is the same reference expressed in the other texts? ' mt 4 \ Text 2; Us Do pet) candle, Fron Vetter ananVaec im Hanan v | ‘The Sunny Power toothbrush uses sunlight instead of toothpaste to clean your teeth > How are the products below defined in the texts? The Aroma Disc =» 20h, © | v om re} 5 {240 The Do-Re-Mi Cradle >) o eclonod + Automatic Windshield Wipers > QUEST 1 15 YAZIGI 6. How do the products below work? ‘The Aroma Disc: Automatic Windshield Wipers: ilability of the products advertised? 7. what are the cost and the cost availabiity Anouk The Aroma Disc 4 20,00 KY, Acer : The Do-Re-Mi Cradle g 22000 |_49F00 The Sunny Power Toothbrush #82 JAPAL Windshield Wipers 4 3£,0¢ ~ ae oo ‘ 8. Discuss the following with your colleagues and teacher. ‘+ Which of the products advertised above do you consider most useful? Give reasons. * Is it possible to obtain the same results offered. by these products by any other means? YAzIGI 16 QUEST 1 BETWEEN THE LINES 1. Read the text Discover * Who Richard Schultes is 1g the Amazon's Secrets and find out * the number of botanical species in the Amazon. Discovering the Amazon's Secrets Around forty years ago, a young Harvard botanist walked into the north-west Colombian ‘Amazon to start 2 lifetime quest. The wealth of botanical species and their seemingly li uses fascinated Richard Schultes for the rest of his life. For 13 years he lived with the Amazonian Indians, learned two of their languages, collected and catalogued thousands of plants and documented their medicinal, toxic and hallucinogenic uses. ‘When he emerged from the Amazon in 1954, to take up the post of director of Harvard's botanical museum, he continued 1o make yearly field trips to this area of the Colombian ‘Today, as development reaches into the tropical forests, Schulte, the 70 jearcold father of eta in traditional medicine - worries Iss about the loss for plant species than the fading Indian-tibal edge oF theiraics-If the opportunity fo Tear from the Indians fs misedy he Mau, “ve wil lose ashartsutco the possible dscovety of new medicines, food and other products” * CCurare poisons, or arrow poison, for example, a giving way 10 guns. The Use of medicinal plants dying out rapidly because missionaries are providing modern medicines. Between the 1930s and 19605, a series of wonder drags was obtained from plants: muscle relaxant, > penicillin and other antibiotics; reserpine, the \)istimodern wana and cortisone. But chemial ad plat neaceteal teach into the Potential medical applications of plants has Giminished since the 1960s “Pharmaceutical companies atthe moment have pu all thelr eggs ie bee eyeta oc eea Schule, He believes the modern drug industry is losing a tigue opportunity: inthe Amazon alone, thee are 80,000 species and chemists could never nalyse them al they had to start from scratch, fa plant isin any way useful, means there © are active prinepls we should know about sys Schulte. He emphasizes the importance of the Plant rather than is specific use, “Look at the row polsona,"Theltadia use the to Ki animals, but were using them to help prolong oF (© a lives” And Rotenone, from the bark of 110 S used by. Indians as fish poison, the I world uses as a safe and biodegradable Much of Schultes' work with the Amazonian Indians focused on their use of hallucinogenic plants. His interest is practical. “We feel that psychiatry can use new tools. Some of the active chemicals in these hallucinogenic plants that act fon the central nervous system may be of help to understand how aberrations start or can be cured. ” ‘Looking ahead to what he seé as the “inevitable civiligation” of the Indians, Schultes believes that some of his discoveries could play a positive role in the development of the Amazon. A pioneer in economic botany - the study of plants useful or @ harmful to man - Schultes has found wild plants and fruit used by the Indians that he says could be grown commercially. “The only way the Indians will share in any development of the Amazon is in the establishment of plantation tree crops. As far as I am concerned, this is the only kkind of agriculture which will be successful there’ Schultes’ extensive work in the Colombian ‘Amazon and his tireless dedication to the recording of Indian botanical skills has earned him international recognition. Whether some of his many discoveries will become the wonder drugs or food of tomorrow now depends on the chemists and the pharmacologists. QUEST 1 7 YAzIGI 2. the text Discovering the Amazon's Secrets is made up of Richard Schultes’ testimonies and illustrate Schultes’ testimonies. Read the text carefully and underline Schultes’ testimonies and .. Make a list of some wonder drugs obtained from plants. 6 \) ethnobotany: © ccosone borauy: \S) curare: = 2) reserpine: rotenone: wy yAzIGI EXAMPLE: ° riqueze Jans) Dug estar sendo substituido rhe cargo 59 “= atingir J HOMEWORK }L The text gives definitions'of the words below. Find these definitions and write them down. iews on the subject. If the opportunity to learn from the Indians is missed, he warns, “we will lose a shortcut to the possible discovery of new medicines, food and other products!” desaparecimento ws on the subject and also of the information given by the writer(s) of the text, usually to QUEST 1 6. Read the paragraph which starts with “Looking ahead to what he sees as the inevitable clviligation”..’” and explain in your own words how Schultes combines the necessity of preserving the botanical species of the Amazon with the necessity to involve the Indians in the development of the region. Look at these sentences and find out the meanings of the expressions in bold: * Pharmaceutical companies at the moment have put all th age nthe basket of synthetic chemistry. amuneon ‘+ In the Amazon alone there are 80,000 species and chemists could never analyse them all if they had to start from scratch. \. Tein Oo = dyadin Se ones * As far as | am concerned, this is the only kind of agriculture which will be SN xe Ne Dey rsd b ‘a, Read the sentences below: * Today, as development reaches into the tropical forests, Schultes worries. ‘= Whether some of his many discoveries will become the wonder drugs or food of ‘tomorrow now depends on the chemists and the pharmacologists. '* Schultes emphasizes the importance of the plant rather than its specific use. b. Use the expressions in bold above to complete these sentences: schooling in this country reaches the majority of the population or only a select minority will depend on government policies. > In large urban centers today, increases, Who ? > __Wiksllhen the vaccination campaign will be efficient or a waste of public money will depend on the cooperation of the media. living conditions get worse, the crime rate > Santos Dumont is known for his achievements as a pioneer pilot dhe. as the inventor of the wrist watch. Q > aie winter draws nearer, the days get shorter and the temperatures colder. een > Sécrates chose to make a living as a soccer player na) ) ow as a medical doctor. QUEST 1 19 yAzIGI 9. complete the sentences below with words from the text. Try not to look at the text. * Economic botany is the study of plants useful or—Jhowafll, ——— tpreju to men. t + The only way the Indians will _Js one (compartithar) in any development of the Amazon is in the establishment of plantation tree.crops. * Schultes believes that some of his discoveries could G10. “se (desempenhar) 2 positive papel) in the development of the Amazon. * Schultes’ extensive work in the Colombian Amazon and, his lina lon» __(incansavel) dedication to the recording of Indian botanical__» iJ) (habilidades) has. eared him international asco (reconhecimento).. \ * Between —40'2 602 (os anos 30 ¢ 60) a series of Wardlon Ovwap (drogas milagrosas) was obtained from plants, 10. discuss the following with your colleagues and teacher. ‘+ What are the names of some pharmaceutical companies that manufacture and sell pharmaceutical products and drugs in Brazil? ‘* Would these companies, in your opinion, be interested in carrying out scientific research ‘on the Amazon's botanical species or on producing drugs from these species? * In what way could Brazil and the Brazilian consumer be benefited if drugs they consume were made from botanical species of the Brazilian Amazon? YAZIGI 20 QUEST 1 Vo BETWEEN THE LINES 1. Read the text Caution: Men at work looking for the Necessary information to complete the table below: QUEST 1 The city that was The damage nuclear weapons would wreak on elias ig best understood by ‘what happened to Hiroshima The bomb detonated over Hiroshima in August 1945 was equivalent In explosive power 10 12.000 tonnes of TNT =a ‘pygmy bomb by modern Standards, about the size of some tactical ‘an explosive power equal to the amount of high explosive used in all wars in history. Yel the Hiroshima bomb, emall though it was, obliterated a 19 sq km area and Killed atleast 40 percent the population within Six months. About 75 per cent of the deaths occurred In 28 hi Blast and fir; most of th fadiation exposure. Within a 2km radius, the heat three seconds after the explosion was 40 times that of the on a bright summer's day: within 4km the heat was intense enough to burn exposed human skin. firestorm raged for hala day, and When it died” down, an oly. highly Fadioactive black rain fell on the silent fins of the ety. Hiroshima survivors sill show medical effects. 38 years later. dat Veh 2 ado du jeu Jo > pecans CAUTION: MEN AT WORK alas Despite precautions, the manufacture and storage of sophisticated chemicals can occasionally lead to accidental tragedy. Among the major catastrophes of the modern industrial ert: Mexico City, Nov. 19, 1984. Shortly before dawn, liquefied gas exploded at the San Juan Inhuatepee storage facility operated by state-owned Petréleos Mexicanos. The resulting fire took 452, lives and injured 4,248 in Mexico's largest industrial disaster; 1,000 people are still missing. Cubatao, Brazil, Feb. 25, 1984. Gasoline from a leaky pipeline in this southeast Brazilian town exploded into a giant fireball that killed at least 00 people 2 salen

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