Iris Setup Guide en Compress

IRIS
Setup Guide
DMTA015-01EN — Revision C
March 2011
Olympus NDT, 48 Woerd Avenue, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
© 2007, 2008, 2011 Olympus NDT, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, translated or distributed without the express
written permission of Olympus NDT, Inc.
This document was prepared with particular attention to usage to ensure the
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however, be some differences between the manual and the product if the product
has been modified thereafter.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Part number: DMTA015-01EN

Revision C
March 2011
Printed in Canada
All brands are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners and
third party entities.
DMTA015-01EN, Rev. C, March 2011
Table of Contents
Important Information — Please Read Before Use ..................................... 1

Intended Use .......................................................................................................................... 1
Safety Symbols ....................................................................................................................... 1
Safety Signal Words ............................................................................................................... 2
Note Signal Words ................................................................................................................. 3
Warranty Information ........................................................................................................... 4
Technical Support .................................................................................................................. 4
IRIS Setup Guide ............................................................................................... 5
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 7
1. C-Scan Verification in the Sound Part of the Tube ............................... 9

1.1 Verification Procedure in the Sound Part of the Tube ........................................... 9
1.2 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................ 10
1.2.1 Difficulties with C-Scan Production ............................................................ 10
1.2.2 C-Scan with Anomalies ................................................................................. 12
2. C-Scan Verification on Deepest Defect .................................................. 19

2.1 Verification Procedure on Deepest Defect ............................................................ 19
2.2 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................ 20
2.2.1 C-Scan with Anomalies ................................................................................. 20
2.2.2 Inaccurate Wall-Thickness Measurement ................................................... 23
3. Final Verifications ...................................................................................... 25

3.1 Color Palette .............................................................................................................. 26
3.2 Irregularities on C-Scan Data .................................................................................. 26
4. Understanding Physics and Advanced Analysis ................................. 29
Table of Contents iii

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 29

4.2 Ray Tracing And Maximum Signal Amplitude .................................................... 29
4.3 Probe Centering ......................................................................................................... 30
4.4 Turbine Selection ....................................................................................................... 33
4.5 OD Round-Bottom Pit .............................................................................................. 34
4.5.1 Analysis ........................................................................................................... 37
4.5.2 Optimization for OD pitting detection ....................................................... 38
4.6 ID Round-Bottom Pit ................................................................................................ 38
4.6.1 Analysis ........................................................................................................... 42
4.6.2 Optimization for ID Pitting Detection ......................................................... 43
4.6.3 Air Fin Cooler Example ................................................................................. 43
4.6.4 Severe ID Damage .......................................................................................... 44
4.7 Artificial Defects and Signal Loss ........................................................................... 45
4.7.1 OD Flat Mill Defect ........................................................................................ 45
4.7.2 ID Flat-Bottom Hole ....................................................................................... 47
4.7.3 Drilled Holes — OD and ID ......................................................................... 48
4.8 MultiView — Do’s and Don’ts ................................................................................. 50
4.8.1 Setup Wizard .................................................................................................. 50
4.8.2 Main window .................................................................................................. 50
4.8.3 The Ultrasound Menu Tab by Tab ............................................................... 51
4.8.3.1 The Inspection Tab .............................................................................. 51
4.8.3.2 The Pulser/Receiver Tab ..................................................................... 52
4.8.3.3 The Trigger Tab .................................................................................... 52
4.8.3.4 The Echo Finder Tab ........................................................................... 52
4.8.3.5 The Options Tab ................................................................................... 53
4.9 Double Back Wall ...................................................................................................... 54
Appendix: How to Set Probe Delay and Target Pin .................................. 57

A.1 Setting the Probe Delay ............................................................................................ 57
A.2 Setting the Target-Pin Gate ...................................................................................... 58
List of Figures ................................................................................................... 61
Index ................................................................................................................... 63
iv Table of Contents
Important Information — Please Read Before Use
Intended Use
The internal rotary inspection system (IRIS) instrument is designed to perform

nondestructive inspections on industrial and commercial materials.
Do not use the internal rotary inspection system for any purpose other than its
intended use.
Safety Symbols
The following safety symbols might appear on the instrument and in the instruction
manual:
General warning symbol:

This symbol is used to alert the user to potential hazards. All safety messages that
follow this symbol shall be obeyed to avoid possible harm.
Important Information — Please Read Before Use 1

High voltage warning symbol:

This symbol is used to alert the user to potential electric shock hazards greater
than 1,000 volts. All safety messages that follow this symbol shall be obeyed to
avoid possible harm.
Safety Signal Words
The following safety symbols might appear in the documentation of the instrument:
The DANGER signal word indicates an imminently hazardous situation. It calls

attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in death or serious personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a
DANGER signal word until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
The WARNING signal word indicates a potentially hazardous situation. It calls

attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in death or serious personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a
WARNING signal word until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
The CAUTION signal word indicates a potentially hazardous situation. It calls

attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, could result in minor or moderate personal injury, material
damage, particularly to the product, destruction of part or all of the product, or loss of
data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION signal word until the indicated conditions are
fully understood and met.
2 Important Information — Please Read Before Use

Note Signal Words
The following safety symbols could appear in the documentation of the instrument:
The IMPORTANT signal word calls attention to a note that provides important
information or information essential to the completion of a task.
The NOTE signal word calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like
that requires special attention. A note also denotes related, parenthetical information
that is useful but not imperative.
The TIP signal word calls attention to a type of note that helps you apply the
techniques and procedures described in the manual to your specific needs, or that
provides hints on how to use effectively the capabilities of the product.
Important Information — Please Read Before Use 3

Warranty Information
Olympus guarantees your Olympus product to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship for a period and with conditions specified in the Olympus terms and
conditions available at http://www.olympus-ims.com/en/terms/.
The Olympus warranty only covers equipment that has been used in a proper manner
as described in this instruction manual, and that has not been subjected to excessive
abuse, attempted unauthorized repair, or modification.
Inspect materials thoroughly on reception for evidence of external or internal damage

that might have occurred during shipment. Notify the carrier making the delivery
immediately of any damage, because the carrier is normally liable for damage in
shipment. Preserve packing materials, waybills, and other shipping documentation in
order to establish a damage claim. After notifying the carrier, contact Olympus for
assistance with the damage claim and equipment replacement, if necessary.
This instruction manual attempts to teach the proper operation of your Olympus
product. The information contained herein is intended solely as a teaching aid and
shall not be used in any particular application without independent testing and/or
verification by the operator or the supervisor. Such independent verification of
procedures becomes more important as the criticality of the application increases. For
this reason, Olympus makes no warranty, expressed or implied, that the techniques,
examples, or procedures described herein are consistent with industry standards, nor
that they meet the requirements of any particular application.
Olympus reserves the right to modify all products without incurring the
responsibility for modifying previously manufactured products.
Technical Support
Olympus is firmly committed to providing the highest level of customer service and
product support. If you experience any difficulties when using our product, or if it
fails to operate as described in the documentation, first consult the user’s manual, and
then, if you are still in need of assistance, contact our After-Sales Service. To locate the
nearest service center, visit the Service Centers page at: www.olympus-ims.com.
4 Important Information — Please Read Before Use

IRIS Setup Guide
IRIS probe setup guide in three easy steps.
Perform the wizard setup, then the following:
1 Place the probe in the sound part of

the tube and start the acquisition.
2
Place the probe on the deepest
defect, stop the acquisition, and
then measure the wall thickness.
3 Scan the calibration tube and

perform the final verifications.
The setup is now complete.
Figure i-1 Setup steps
IRIS Setup Guide 5

6 IRIS Setup Guide

Introduction
Because the internal rotary inspection system (IRIS) can be adapted to a wide range of
tubes, and because many parameters can be used to modify the way the system
works, building a correct setup can be difficult for inexperienced users. This guide
shows you how to optimize a new IRIS setup made with the MultiView setup wizard.
Once the setup file has been created, the optimization (software and hardware) can be
performed in three steps:
1. Place the turbine head in the sound part of the calibration tube, and then start the
acquisition.
2. Place the turbine head on the deepest defect, stop the acquisition, and then
measure the wall thickness.
3. Scan the calibration tube and perform the final verifications.
This setup guide explains how to change the software parameters without opening
the advanced (A-scan) control menu. The relevant parameters are available in the UT
Gain Settings dialog box. The UT Gain Settings dialog box (see Figure i-2 on page 7)
normally appears when a new IRIS setup is performed with the setup wizard;
however, it can also be recalled from the MultiView Operation menu.
Figure i-2 The UT Gain Settings dialog box (Operation menu)
Introduction 7
Gain 1, Gain 2 and Blanking are the only three parameters that should be adjusted
(see Figure i-2 on page 7). All others are advanced parameters that can only improve
signal quality by 10 % at best. In most cases, adjusting the advanced parameters is not
worth the effort, while having the proper transducer and clearing bubbles should be
priority.
8 Introduction
1. C-Scan Verification in the Sound Part of the Tube
The first optimization test consists of making sure the IRIS probe is positioned in the
sound part of the calibration tube and that the generated C-scan is clear.
1.1 Verification Procedure in the Sound Part of the Tube
To perform the C-scan verification

1. Start the pump.
2. Position the probe in the calibration tube.
3. Immerse the tube in water.
The verification will only work if the probe is immersed in water.
4. Start the data acquisition.

The C-scan should be produced normally and displayed in a clear and consistent
color, as shown in Figure 1-1 on page 10.
C-Scan Verification in the Sound Part of the Tube 9

C-scan view (color- B-scan view (cursor

coded) cut)
Figure 1-1 Example of a clear C-scan
1.2 Troubleshooting
Some problems can occur during C-scan verification. Please see the following list of
difficulties and how to settle them.
1.2.1 Difficulties with C-Scan Production

1. The C-scan is not generated.
• Bubbles in the sound path. Bubbles may occur on the tube’s inner wall or on the
probe itself. To eliminate these bubbles, shake the probe vigorously along the
tube axis.
• The turbine head has stopped. If you have problems restarting the turbine, stop
the pump and blow air on the turbine head for a few seconds until it turns. Be
careful not to overspeed the turbine, or the bearings may become damaged.
• The turbine head has not been immersed. Immerse the head located in the
calibration tube, and then check for the presence of bubbles if the C-scan has
still not been generated.
10 Chapter 1
• Some of the cables are not connected. Make sure all cables from the acquisition
unit (BNC cables) are connected to the UT transducer.
• The acquisition unit is not connected. Restart the unit. If this does not resolve the
problem, check the unit’s manual for troubleshooting instructions.
2. The C-scan is produced too slowly and the B-scan shows multiple waveforms (see
Figure 1-2 on page 11 and Figure 1-3 on page 12).
• Gain 1 is too low. Increase the value of the Gain 1 text box in 2 dB steps until
the C-scan is correctly generated. You should not need to exceed 40 dB with
standard Olympus NDT turbines and transducers.
• The turbine target pin is not clean. If the target pin appears rusted, remove the
rust with a fine sandpaper or replace the target pin.
Double B-scan
indicating sync. pin not
detected.
Figure 1-2 C-scan generated very slowly, and its distorted B-scan

Figure 1-3 Other examples of distorted B-scans
1.2.2 C-Scan with Anomalies

1. Empty the view in the C-scan.
Make sure the probe is in the calibration tube.
2. C-scan with horizontal black stripes.
If the C-scan has horizontal black stripes and its B-scan is heavily waved (see
Figure 1-4 on page 13), check the probe centering. Make sure the centering device
is working correctly. Note that calibration tubes are generally short, so even the
probe-cable weight can interfere with the action of the centering device. Holding
the probe cable 0.6 m (2 ft) away from probe should improve centering.
12 Chapter 1
Figure 1-4 C-scan with horizontal black stripes and distorted B-scan
3. C-scan with horizontal black stripes and B-scan with missing backwall echo.
• If the C-scan shows horizontal black stripes and the backwall echo of the
B-scan is missing (see Figure 1-5 on page 13), increase the value of Gain 2 in
2 dB steps. You should not need to exceed 55 dB.
• If this does not help, increase the value of Gain 1 in 2 dB steps (until you
reach 40 dB).
Figure 1-5 B-scan with missing backwall echo

4. C-scan with horizontal black stripes, and B-scan with missing frontwall echo.
• If the C-scan shows horizontal black stripes and the frontwall echo of the
B-scan is missing (see Figure 1-6 on page 14), make sure the inner tube is
properly cleaned. Deposits and rust can obstruct the ultrasound beam.
• Try to center the probe as accurately as possible. Check the B-scan. If the tube
cut appears offset in comparison with the blue-dotted vertical lines, the probe
delay is not properly adjusted. To adjust the probe delay, refer to the
appendix on page 57 of this guide. For further details, refer to the MultiView
User’s Manual in the section on IRIS setup.
Figure 1-6 B-scan with missing frontwall echo
5. Incomplete C-scan at the bottom.

If the C-scan is incomplete at the bottom of the window (see Figure 1-7 on
page 15), the turbine is spinning too fast. Reduce the speed of the turbine head
until the C-scan fills the window.
14 Chapter 1
Speed reduction of the

turbine
Figure 1-7 Incomplete C-scan
6. C-scan with horizontal stripes of colored dots.

If the C-scan shows horizontal stripes made of colored dots (see Figure 1-8 on
page 16), increase the value of the Blanking text box in 0.1 mm (or 0.005 in.) steps.
Do not set the Blanking value any longer than the minimum wall thickness at
which you want the probe to measure in the deepest defect.

Problem reduced as
blanking increases.
Figure 1-8 C-scan with horizontal stripes made of colored dots
7. C-scan produced too quickly with vertical irregularities.

If the C-scan is produced too quickly and shows vertical irregularities (see
Figure 1-9 on page 17), decrease the value of Gain 1 in 2 dB steps until the C-scan
is generated normally. These irregularities are caused when the target pin detects
noise as opposed to the target-pin echo.
16 Chapter 1
Figure 1-9 C-scan with vertical irregularities

18 Chapter 1
2. C-Scan Verification on Deepest Defect
The next step is to ensure that the C-scan is produced normally when the probe is
placed on the deepest defect of the calibration tube. Once acquisition is started, the
C-scan should appear sharp and clear, and in a different color than that of the sound
tube C-scan (see Figure 2-1 on page 20).
A proper calibration tube has a 50 % external groove and four 10 % to 30 % flat-

bottom holes. The external groove can be deeper if desired; however, keep in mind
that the minimum remaining wall thickness measurable by the IRIS probe is around
1 mm (0.04 in.).
2.1 Verification Procedure on Deepest Defect
To verify the C-scan

1. Make sure the C-scan is adequate.
2. Stop the acquisition and measure the wall loss of the deepest defect.
The measurement may vary depending on the tube wall and defect tolerances.
For example, the system may display readings ranging from 45 % to 55 % for a
tube with a 50 % groove.
C-Scan Verification on Deepest Defect 19

Figure 2-1 Correct C-scan in a deep defect (50 %)
2.2 Troubleshooting
Some problems may occur during the C-scan verification. Please see the following list
of difficulties and how to settle them.
2.2.1 C-Scan with Anomalies

1. C-scan displayed with horizontal stripes in the color for normal wall thickness.
If the C-scan displays horizontal stripes in the color for normal wall thickness (see
Figure 2-2 on page 21), increase the value of Gain 1 in 2 dB steps. Do not increase
the value of Gain 1 over 40 dB.
20 Chapter 2
Problem reduced as
Gain 1 increases.
Figure 2-2 C-scan showing colored stripes as normal wall thickness (red)
2. C-scan with horizontal black stripes and B-scan with missing backwall echo.
• If the C-scan shows horizontal stripes and the backwall echo of the B-scan is
missing, increase the value of Gain 2 in 2 dB steps. You should not need to
exceed 55 dB.
• If this does not work, increase the value of Gain 1 in 2 dB steps until you
reach 40 dB.
3. C-scan with horizontal stripes of colored dots.
• If the C-scan shows horizontal stripes of colored dots (see Figure 2-3 on
page 22), increase the Blanking value in 0.1 mm (or 0.005 in.) steps. Do not set
the Blanking value longer than the minimum wall thickness at which you
want the probe to measure in the deepest defect.
• If this does not work, decrease both values of Gain 1 and Gain 2 in 2 dB steps.

Problem reduced as
blanking increases.
Figure 2-3 C-scan showing horizontal stripes of colored dots
4. C-scan with horizontal black stripes and B-scan with missing frontwall echo.
• If the C-scan shows horizontal black stripes and the frontwall echo of the
B-scan is missing, make sure the inner tube is properly cleaned. Deposits or
rust may diffract the ultrasound beam.
• Try to center the probe as accurately as possible. Check the B-scan. If the tube
cut appears offset in comparison with the blue-dotted vertical lines, the probe
delay is not properly adjusted. To adjust the probe delay, refer to the
appendix on page 57 of this guide. For further details, refer to the MultiView
User’s Manual, in the section on IRIS setup.
5. C-scan with heavy horizontal black and colored stripes.
If the C-scan shows heavy horizontal black and colored stripes (see Figure 2-4 on
page 23), decrease the Blanking value in 0.1 mm (or 0.005 in.) steps. Do not
decrease the Blanking value under 1 mm (0.04 in.).
22 Chapter 2
Figure 2-4 Heavy horizontal black and colored stripes
2.2.2 Inaccurate Wall-Thickness Measurement

1. If you obtain an inaccurate wall-thickness measurement, decrease the Blanking
value in 0.1 mm (or 0.005 in.) steps. Do not decrease the Blanking value under
1 mm (0.04 in.).
2. If decreasing the Blanking value does not work, increase the value of Gain 2 in
2 dB steps until you reach 55 dB.

24 Chapter 2
3. Final Verifications
The last step is a verification to ensure that the probe is able to detect and measure
every defect of the calibration tube. While the whole calibration tube is being scanned,
the user checks for data anomalies such as missing echoes, false triggering, and
inaccurate target-pin detection. Once the setup is tested, the color palette can be
optimized to give the best color contrast for defect detection. Figure 3-1 on page 25
shows an example of an appropriate acquisition of a calibration tube.
50 % 20 %
4 × “FBH” 20 %
pits
OD grooves
Figure 3-1 Acquisition of calibration tube with optimized color palette
Final Verifications 25
3.1 Color Palette
To set the C-scan color palette
1. Click the Color palette icon ( ) to open the C-scan Palette dialog box (see
Figure 3-2 on page 26).
2. In the From list box, enter the blanking value in mm (or in.).
3. In the To list box, enter the nominal value of the wall thickness.
4. In the Palette list box, select the color palette type: Rainbow or Rainbow
inverted.
Figure 3-2 C-scan Palette dialog box
3.2 Irregularities on C-Scan Data
1. If you notice irregularities in the C-scan data, repeat section 2 and 3 to adjust the
setup.
2. If you are still unable to obtain clean data, refer to the MultiView User’s Manual
section on advanced features of the IRIS setup.
It is difficult to obtain clear data from tubes that are dirty or rusted inside (see
26 Chapter 3
“Rainbow inverted”
color palette shows
defects in red shades
Figure 3-3 Boiler tube acquisition; loss of frontwall echo caused by internal
deposits
Final Verifications 27
28 Chapter 3
4. Understanding Physics and Advanced Analysis
4.1 Introduction
This chapter is dedicated to intermediate or advanced users of the IRIS MS 5800 and
MultiView tube inspection system. It explains the different defect responses that can
be observed by IRIS technicians or analysts. Setup and analysis guidelines are given
for every situation.
This chapter is intended for users having at least a basic understanding of ultrasound
NDT technology and the IRIS system.
4.2 Ray Tracing And Maximum Signal Amplitude
This chapter shows several “ray tracing” diagrams. These “ray tracings” are arrows
illustrating the direction of the focalized ultrasound beam emitted by the IRIS
transducer. The arrow itself indicates the center of the beam, where the ultrasound
waves are the strongest.
When the returned echo arrow points towards the turbine mirror, the signal is at its
absolute maximum. This results in a clear image on the B-scan and C-scan views.
On the other hand, when the inside (or outside) surfaces have a high angle (due to a
defect), the ultrasound beam can be deviated away from the turbine mirror. In
drawings, the arrow points in a direction different from the mirror. This does not
mean that no signals reach the mirror; ultrasound waves are more like a wave front,
which means that some signals still reach the mirror; however, at a much lower
amplitude.
Understanding Physics and Advanced Analysis 29

Figure 4-1 on page 30 provides an example of internal defects reflecting the

ultrasound beam at different angles. When the reflection surface is larger, the signal
amplitude is lower and signal loss is likely to occur.
Reflection misses
the turbine mirror
due to the higher
angle of the ID
surface: signal loss
is likely to occur
Reflection directed
towards the turbine Turbine mirror
mirror: signal (facing the page)
amplitude is
obtained
Tube section
Figure 4-1 Internal defects reflecting the ultrasound beam at different angles
4.3 Probe Centering
IRIS turbines should always be kept centered to provide consistent detection around
the circumference. Probe centering cannot remain perfect under real conditions for
obvious reasons; however, care should be taken to obtain the best centering
conditions. The centering device shaft and/or its threads may eventually bend, in
which case they should be fixed or replaced.
The drawings below illustrate why the IRIS probes are so sensitive to centering.
Signal loss generally occurs when the ID surface reflects the ultrasound beam at a
high angle, which results in lower amplitude echoes reaching the turbine mirror.
30 Chapter 4
A perfectly centered turbine (see Figure 4-2 on page 31) has maximum ultrasound
amplitude coming from all directions, while an off-centering condition (Figure 4-3 on
page 32) will cause echoes to be directed away from the turbine mirror at two
locations around the circumference, causing signal loss when off-centering is severe
(see Figure 4-4 on page 32).
Reflected echoes are

at their maximum all
around circumference
Figure 4-2 A centered turbine

B
Areas in red offer lower
sensitivity with signal
loss likely to occur.
A
C
Good sensitivity is
achieved on the left Reflected echoes are
and right sides as the directed away from the
reflected echoes are turbine mirror, lowering
directed toward the sensitivity.
mirror.
Figure 4-3 Off-centered turbine
Severe off-centering causes signal attenuation of both ID and OD echoes (see

A: Mirror closest to ID
surface
B: Signal loss due to ID surface

reflecting UT beam at higher
angle
C: Mirror at maximum
distance from ID surface D: Signal loss due to ID surface
reflecting UT beam at higher
angle
Figure 4-4 Signal attenuation caused by severe off-centering
32 Chapter 4
4.4 Turbine Selection
The turbine diameter alone has no effect on the signals. However, a larger diameter
turbine also has a larger diameter mirror, which results in greater chances of having
high amplitude echoes. Whether the cause of angled echo reflection is a defect or just
off-centering, larger mirrors always help obtain clearer B-scan and C-scan views.
Figure 4-5 on page 33 shows the effect that probe off-centering has on smaller mirror
turbines versus larger mirrors. A 17 mm turbine mirror (left) catches more signal
amplitude than the 12 mm turbine (right) when the probe is not properly centered.
Maximum signal
amplitude is more
easily obtained with a
larger mirror.
Smaller mirrors result

in a lower signal being
returned to the
transducer.
Figure 4-5 A 17 mm turbine (left), and a 12 mm turbine (right)
When selecting turbine size, always use the 17 mm model when possible. The 12 mm
turbine should only be used when the largest turbine cannot be inserted inside the
tube.

4.5 OD Round-Bottom Pit
While OD pitting is easily detected with the IRIS method, signal loss is sometimes
observed on the edges of the defects. This is more likely to occur on deeper and
sharper pits. This is more easily understood by looking at the “maximum amplitude”
UT ray tracing as the turbine revolves inside the tube.
Figure 4-6 on page 34 shows that the maximum ultrasound wave intensity is obtained
at the deepest point of the defect (0°).
Round-bottom OD pit
Maximum ID and OD
echoes
Turbine’s 45°
mirror, face view
Figure 4-6 Maximum ultrasound wave intensity — deepest point of the defect
Figure 4-7 on page 35 shows that both the ID and OD echoes are received with a very
good signal amplitude.
34 Chapter 4
ID echo
OD echo
Figure 4-7 ID and OD echoes received with a very good signal amplitude
Figure 4-8 on page 35 shows that the OD echo does not reach the mirror with the
maximum amplitude (signal loss could occur).
Total or partial
reflection
ID echo
OD echo
Figure 4-8 OD echo not reaching the mirror at the maximum amplitude

Figure 4-9 on page 36 shows that the maximum amplitude is resumed when the beam
is oriented outside the defect area.
Figure 4-9 Maximum amplitude resumed
OD pitting is at times characterized by a loss of the OD echo on the edges of the defect
(see Figure 4-10 on page 36).
Area of lower Area of lower

sensitivity (in red) sensitivity (in red)
Figure 4-10 Loss of the OD echo on edges of defect
36 Chapter 4
Figure 4-11 on page 37 shows that real OD pitting is easily detected with IRIS.
Loss of OD signal on edges of defect is

frequent with deeper OD pitting.
More severe areas are likely to cause more Clean, defect-free ID

signal loss on defect edges due to the higher signal.
surface angle. The WT C-scan will show
surrounding defects in black.
Figure 4-11 Real OD pitting is easily detected with IRIS
4.5.1 Analysis
Signal loss on the edges of the OD pitting is not a problem, as the deepest part of the
defect (the most important part) presents a “flatter” surface that reflects the
ultrasound beam with good amplitude.
In fact, the presence of signal loss, as on the above C-scan image (see Figure 4-11 on
page 37), can be used in analysis along with the red color as an indication of deeper
flaws.
• The WT (wall thickness) C-scan view is recommended.

• Always measure the deepest part of the defect, which for pits is likely to be the
middle part. Always analyze B-scan data, and use the manual sizing if required.
• Double back wall echo detection is rare unless the pitting is really severe.

4.5.2 Optimization for OD pitting detection

Not much needs to be done to optimize detection for OD pitting. The Setup Wizard in
MultiView is already optimized for this purpose.
4.6 ID Round-Bottom Pit
Actual pitting in carbon steel often shows a semi-spherical section. Sizing internal
pitting is always more difficult than sizing OD defects, as there is likely to be more
signal loss from both interface echoes.
Figure 4-12 on page 38 shows that an ID pit’s deepest point is easily measured with
IRIS, as the ultrasound beam is oriented perpendicular to both surfaces.
ID and OD echoes
Figure 4-12 An ID pit deepest point
Figure 4-13 on page 39 shows that the signal is still very good when the ultrasound
beam is directed at a very low angle.
38 Chapter 4
OD echo
ID echo
OD echo
Figure 4-13 Good signal when ultrasound beam directed at a very low angle
Figure 4-14 on page 39 shows that a small rotation of the mirror causes a drastic
attenuation of the ID echo. The OD echo will also travel on a longer time of flight.
ID echo
OD echo: longer
time of flight
Figure 4-14 A small rotation of the mirror
Figure 4-15 on page 40 illustrates that the ID echo is composed of a beam containing
reflections from several directions. This figure demonstrates that the ID echo can be
detected with a longer time of flight.

ID echo: longer
time of flight
Figure 4-15 The ID echo can be detected with a longer time of flight
Figure 4-16 on page 40 shows that pitting causes a signal loss at the edges of the
defect.
Area of lower or no Area of lower or no

sensitivity (in red) sensitivity (in red)
Figure 4-16 Signal loss at the edges of the defect
Figure 4-17 on page 41 shows that the internal pitting is very similar to the OD pitting
on the WT C-scan.
40 Chapter 4
Figure 4-17 WT C-scan
Figure 4-18 on page 41 shows that the ID nature of pitting becomes very apparent
when looking at the ID C-scan view with IRIS.
The ID C-scan
view
Signal loss due to

the edges of the pit
Figure 4-18 ID C-scan view

4.6.1 Analysis
Signal loss on the edges of the ID pitting is not a problem; as with OD pitting, the
deeper part of the defect will act as a reflector to the ultrasound beam.
The signal loss on the edge of the pit appears in black around the defects in the C-scan
view. This can actually help locate the pits quicker.
• The ID (internal diameter) C-scan view is highly recommended. Be sure to

optimize the color palette if needed; however, in most cases the “Setup Wizard”
preset is very good.
• The WT C-scan will show most of the ID pitting; however, the color palette may
not always reflect the true depth of the pitting, as double-back wall detection is
frequent (see Figure 4-18 on page 41).
• Use the B-scan view to determine how the pitting should be measured. Manual
measurement is common (see Figure 4-19 on page 42).
Sizing is performed
between the deepest
(middle) portion of the Estimated back-wall surface
pit and the estimated (dotted red)
back wall
Ignored signal (double back

wall reflection)
Figure 4-19 Correct measurement of ID pitting requires an understanding of

surface profiles
• The actual pitting shows a more uneven or dirtier surface. This is likely to further
attenuate the echoes, particularly the OD echo, which in some cases may be lost or
42 Chapter 4
detected with a doubled time of flight, due to the fact that the DAC amplifies the
second reflection. This is explained at the end of this chapter.
4.6.2 Optimization for ID Pitting Detection

First, display the ID C-scan view. Make sure you have good centering to ensure easier
analysis.
Use higher frequency transducers, for example 20 MHz, and use focal lengths that are
close to the ID value.
A higher GAIN 1 parameter helps to obtain a higher amplitude front wall echo.
However, this practice inevitably causes the back wall echo to be “overdetected,” in
which case “false OD readings” are likely to occur. Optimization to ID flaws is better
obtained using the proper transducer rather than one with higher gain.
4.6.3 Air Fin Cooler Example

When tubes with fins on the OD are inspected, the back wall echoes is much weaker,
and in some cases not detected. This can result in a WT C-scan with unclear data and
lots of signal loss.
However, internal damage can be detected and easily measured using the “ID”
C-scan view. Again, the color palette must be adjusted. A good palette adjustment can
be obtained with this simple rule:
• The “FROM” or blue color can be adjusted to ID × 0.9

• The “TO” or red color can be adjusted to ID × 1.1
• Example: The tube is 1.00 in. OD × 0.109 in. WT, so the ID is 0.782 in.
— “FROM” will be 0.782 in. × 0.9 = 0.71 in.
— “TO” will be 0.782 in. × 1.1 = 0.86 in.
Figure 4-20 on page 44 shows the results for an air fin cooler inspection performed
with IRIS. The ID C-scan is shown, since fins result in weakening of the OD echoes.

Correct sizing of ID pit

ID C-scan view
using the manual
measurement
Loss of signal on the

OD due to fins.
Figure 4-20 Air fin cooler inspected with IRIS
When sizing internal defects, the “manual” measurement (blue cursor) is often
required, as shown in Figure 4-20 on page 44. OD signal loss prevents use of the
automatic measurement.
Always measure the “remaining wall” value.
4.6.4 Severe ID Damage

Figure 4-21 on page 45 shows a real tube suffering severe internal corrosion. Such
conditions cause inevitable attenuation of the echoes, both on the front wall (ID) and
the back wall (OD). The OD echo amplitude suffers from two sources of attenuation:
• The internal surface condition, which causes attenuation by absorption
44 Chapter 4
• Diffraction from the edges of internal defects
Figure 4-21 Severe ID damage attenuates echoes (causing loss of back-wall signal)
4.7 Artificial Defects and Signal Loss
The need to machine artificial defects at a lower cost often results in defects with
sharp edges that are rarely found in real damage situations. The sharp edges, or
angled surfaces, are detrimental to IRIS echoes, as they are directed outside the
turbine mirror. The following examples show the “maximum ultrasound amplitude”
ray tracing for some common calibration defects.
4.7.1 OD Flat Mill Defect

This defect is easily machined and represents either wear or corrosion. However, this
configuration can cause signal loss, especially for deeper depth defects (see
Figure 4-22 on page 46 and Figure 4-23 on page 46).

Areas of lower
sensitivity to back-
wall echo (in red).
The middle
section is easily
read, as both
Edges of the
front-wall (ID)
defect present a
and back-wall
higher reflection
(OD) echoes are
angle that directs
reaching the
the back-wall
mirror with the
echo outside the
maximum
mirror.
amplitude.
Figure 4-22 Signal loss or attenuation on edges of an OD flat mill calibration defect
Loss of OD echo
in the red-
colored regions
in Figure 4-22)
Figure 4-23 Flat mill defect and signal loss
Signal loss can normally be improved by increasing Gain 1 and 2 simultaneously in

2 dB or 4 dB steps.
46 Chapter 4
4.7.2 ID Flat-Bottom Hole

Figure 4-24 on page 47 shows a flat-bottom hole being machined by an EDM
electrode. This defect configuration, especially if it has a large diameter, is likely to
prevent most of the front-wall reflection from reaching the turbine mirror. With this
condition, receiving the back-wall echo is even more difficult.
Only the corners

and the middle
section will reflect
Areas in red the front-wall echo
present a too- with good
high angle to sensitivity.
properly reflect
the front-wall
echo.
Signal loss is
likely to occur.
Figure 4-24 Large diameter ID flat-bottom hole (EDM machining)
Defect geometry causes an important loss of signal (see Figure 4-25 on page 47).
Loss of OD signals on
the corners of the
The areas in RED in defect: the middle
the above image cause section (deepest) can
loss of frontwall echo: still be read.
the dotted line indicates
the normal ID defect
profile.
Figure 4-25 Important loss of signal caused by defect geometry

The response to this kind of defect can be improved; however, it is important to keep
in mind that it does not represent the real pitting condition. In other words,
optimizing for such defects is a waste of time, as real internal pitting is much easier to
detect due to its rounder shape.
The following sample parameter changes were made to obtain a clearer ID echo, such
as that shown on the next image (see Figure 4-26 on page 48):
• 20 MHz / 1 in. focal transducer (instead of a 15 MHz transducer) to obtain more

resolution at the surface.
• Slightly higher GAIN 1 and 2 parameters
The GAIN 1 can be drastically increased (>10 dB) to obtain a full ID reading. Again;
however, this is not a good setup for the real condition, as the OD reading will be
“false-triggering” due to high signal amplitude.
The ID reading is more constant with

higher gains and a higher frequency
transducer
Figure 4-26 Same flat-bottom hole with optimized setup
4.7.3 Drilled Holes — OD and ID

Holes drilled with conventional drill bits are the worst calibration defects for IRIS, as
they offer virtually no reflection surface and do not represent real defects at all (see
48 Chapter 4
Only a few pixels in the middle section of the defect can be measured, as most of the
echoes are directed totally away from the turbine mirror.
Most of the defects (red areas)

cannot be measured, as the high-
angle surface reflects most of the
echoes away from the mirror.
Figure 4-27 Drilled holes are the worst calibration defects for IRIS
As seen in Figure 4-28 on page 49, most of the data is missing from the defect. Only
the middle and, fortunately the deepest section, can be measured.
Drilled holes should at all times be avoided with IRIS. The best pit shapes to use are
still round-bottom holes, which are especially necessary when located on the ID
surface.
Most signal
missing
Figure 4-28 A drilled-like internal hole — only a few pixels in the middle of the
defect indicate its depth

4.8 MultiView — Do’s and Don’ts
MultiView already includes all the necessary tools for proper ID or OD defect analysis
and sizing. However, here are some do’s and don’ts.
4.8.1 Setup Wizard

When presetting many parameters, the Setup Wizard does a great job at getting the
IRIS “up and running” with hardly any adjustments (if the proper parameters are
entered in the Wizard boxes). All IRIS parameters are preset, which also includes
color palettes, gains, blanking, etc. If modifications are required, they should be
minor.
4.8.2 Main window

Figure 4-29 on page 50 displays the MultiView main window and commands.
1. 2. 3. 4.
6.
7. 5.
Figure 4-29 MultiView main window with all essential commands
50 Chapter 4
1. Display either the ID or WT C-scans. Double-click in the C-scan view to measure a

defect.
2. Color palette.
3. Ignore green cursors.
4. Manual measurement cursor (blue): should be used when echoes are missing.
5. Automatic % loss reading (top) and manual reading (bottom).
6. Defect on OD side.
7. Defect on ID side.
4.8.3 The Ultrasound Menu Tab by Tab

This section describes the tabs in the MultiView Ultrasound menu.
4.8.3.1 The Inspection Tab

Figure 4-30 on page 51 describes the main elements in the Inspection tab.
Echoes are
synchronized on the ID
signal for easier setup.
Inspection tab
Adjust material
velocity if WT
reading is not
accurate.
Figure 4-30 The Inspection tab

4.8.3.2 The Pulser/Receiver Tab

Not much needs to be done with the Pulser/Receiver tab. We recommend that you
use the Setup Wizard instead (see Figure 4-31 on page 52).
Figure 4-31 The Pulser/Receiver tab
4.8.3.3 The Trigger Tab

Under the Trigger tab, only the Level sign (+ or –) needs to be changed in order to
obtain a smoother WT reading (see Figure 4-32 on page 52). We recommend that you
use the Setup Wizard, as this value is already preset.
Change the trigger

level sign only; never
change the level
value.
Figure 4-32 The Trigger tab
4.8.3.4 The Echo Finder Tab

The Echo Finder tab is used to set up the sync. pin gate (“target pin”) and “probe
delay” parameters, if required (see Figure 4-33 on page 53).
52 Chapter 4
Figure 4-33 The Echo Finder tab
Characteristics of the Echo Finder Tab

• Non echo-synchronized view
• Temporary parameters; changes are unsaved upon tab switch or exit
• Tool used to view all echoes
• Very low refresh rate (about 20 times less than during acquisition)
4.8.3.5 The Options Tab

The parameters of the Options tab were developed for non-IRIS applications and
should be left unchecked at all times (see Figure 4-34 on page 53).
Figure 4-34 The Options tab

4.9 Double Back Wall
Deeper OD defects or wall thinning can at times cause a strange effect called “double
back-wall” reading. This occurs because the first reflection of the OD surface is not
detected by the system due to it being either too weak or too early in time (deep
defect).
As sound bounces between the ID and OD surfaces, multiple reflections of the back
wall are generated. The system has a DAC (increasing gain over time), so the multiple
reflections (repetitions) often get amplified with greater amplitude than the first
reflection. This results in a detection of the double back-wall echo. As shown in
Figure 4-35 on page 54, the first reflection is too weak (low signal amplitude) to be
detected.
First back-wall
reflection is too weak
to be detected.
Detection occurs at the second reflection,

causing the WT value to display as double
the remaining wall.
Figure 4-35 Double back-wall detection
In the following figure, the double back-wall reflection is detected, because the first
reflection was either too weak or too early (deep defect) to be properly detected. Data
interpretation with the aid of manual measurement is necessary to accurately
measure defect depth (see Figure 4-36 on page 55).
54 Chapter 4
Double back-wall effect on

B-scan.
Measure remaining wall by selecting

half of the displayed WT. Make sure
you understand the actual defect
profile (dotted line).
Figure 4-36 Double back wall reflection detected
This phenomenon, although complex, does not prevent you from sizing defects. First,
you must analyze the B-scan to determine the OD profile, and locate where the double
back-wall measurement has occurred. Because it is necessary to measure the deeper
section of the defect, it is likely that the double or, at times even triple reflections, will
be present at this location. This can be easily overrun using the manual cursor to
divide the B-scan thickness by two (double reflection), or even three (rare case of
triple reflection).

56 Chapter 4
Appendix: How to Set Probe Delay and Target Pin
A.1 Setting the Probe Delay
To set the probe delay

1. If the acquisition is running, stop it.
2. Open the Ultrasound menu.
3. Click the Echo finder tab.
4. Select the Cumulate A-scan check box.
5. Wait 10 seconds, and then click Measure probe delay to open the Measure probe
delay dialog box.
6. Left-click in the upper A-scan window and the red cursor will appear.
7. Drag the red cursor over the middle of tube echoes (see Figure 4-37 on page 58).
8. Click Measure.
How to Set Probe Delay and Target Pin 57

Target-pin Tube
echo echoes
Drag the red cursor over

the middle of the tube
echoes
Figure 4-37 Adjusting the probe delay
A.2 Setting the Target-Pin Gate
To set the target-pin gate

1. Open the Ultrasound menu.
2. Click the Echo finder tab.
3. Drag the red cursor and position it before the start of the target-pin echo (see
4. Right-click on the upper A-scan and the green cursor will appear.
5. Drag the green cursor and position it after the target-pin echo (see Figure 4-38 on
page 59).
The color of a cursor is not important for the setting of the target-pin gate
6. Click Set gate to define the target-pin search time zone.
58 Appendix
Figure 4-38 Setting the target-pin gate
How to Set Probe Delay and Target Pin 59

60 Appendix
List of Figures
Figure i-1 Setup steps ............................................................................................................ 5

Figure i-2 The UT Gain Settings dialog box (Operation menu) ...................................... 7
Figure 1-1 Example of a clear C-scan ................................................................................. 10
Figure 1-2 C-scan generated very slowly, and its distorted B-scan ............................... 11
Figure 1-3 Other examples of distorted B-scans .............................................................. 12
Figure 1-4 C-scan with horizontal black stripes and distorted B-scan ......................... 13
Figure 1-5 B-scan with missing backwall echo ................................................................. 13
Figure 1-6 B-scan with missing frontwall echo ................................................................ 14
Figure 1-7 Incomplete C-scan ............................................................................................. 15
Figure 1-8 C-scan with horizontal stripes made of colored dots ................................... 16
Figure 1-9 C-scan with vertical irregularities ................................................................... 17
Figure 2-1 Correct C-scan in a deep defect (50 %) ........................................................... 20
Figure 2-2 C-scan showing colored stripes as normal wall thickness (red) ................. 21
Figure 2-3 C-scan showing horizontal stripes of colored dots ...................................... 22
Figure 2-4 Heavy horizontal black and colored stripes .................................................. 23
Figure 3-1 Acquisition of calibration tube with optimized color palette ..................... 25
Figure 3-2 C-scan Palette dialog box .................................................................................. 26
Figure 3-3 Boiler tube acquisition; loss of frontwall echo caused by internal
deposits ............................................................................................................... 27
Figure 4-1 Internal defects reflecting the ultrasound beam at different angles .......... 30
Figure 4-2 A centered turbine ............................................................................................. 31
Figure 4-3 Off-centered turbine .......................................................................................... 32
Figure 4-4 Signal attenuation caused by severe off-centering ....................................... 32
Figure 4-5 A 17 mm turbine (left), and a 12 mm turbine (right) .................................... 33
Figure 4-6 Maximum ultrasound wave intensity — deepest point of the defect ........ 34
Figure 4-7 ID and OD echoes received with a very good signal amplitude ................ 35
Figure 4-8 OD echo not reaching the mirror at the maximum amplitude ................... 35
Figure 4-9 Maximum amplitude resumed ........................................................................ 36
Figure 4-10 Loss of the OD echo on edges of defect .......................................................... 36
Figure 4-11 Real OD pitting is easily detected with IRIS .................................................. 37
List of Figures 61
Figure 4-12 An ID pit deepest point ..................................................................................... 38

Figure 4-13 Good signal when ultrasound beam directed at a very low angle ............. 39
Figure 4-14 A small rotation of the mirror .......................................................................... 39
Figure 4-15 The ID echo can be detected with a longer time of flight ............................ 40
Figure 4-16 Signal loss at the edges of the defect ............................................................... 40
Figure 4-17 WT C-scan ........................................................................................................... 41
Figure 4-18 ID C-scan view ................................................................................................... 41
Figure 4-19 Correct measurement of ID pitting requires an understanding of surface
profiles ................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 4-20 Air fin cooler inspected with IRIS ................................................................... 44
Figure 4-21 Severe ID damage attenuates echoes (causing loss of back-wall signal) ... 45
Figure 4-22 Signal loss or attenuation on edges of an OD flat mill calibration defect . 46
Figure 4-23 Flat mill defect and signal loss ......................................................................... 46
Figure 4-24 Large diameter ID flat-bottom hole (EDM machining) ................................ 47
Figure 4-25 Important loss of signal caused by defect geometry .................................... 47
Figure 4-26 Same flat-bottom hole with optimized setup ................................................ 48
Figure 4-27 Drilled holes are the worst calibration defects for IRIS ................................ 49
Figure 4-28 A drilled-like internal hole — only a few pixels in the middle of the defect
indicate its depth ................................................................................................ 49
Figure 4-29 MultiView main window with all essential commands .............................. 50
Figure 4-30 The Inspection tab .............................................................................................. 51
Figure 4-31 The Pulser/Receiver tab .................................................................................... 52
Figure 4-32 The Trigger tab ................................................................................................... 52
Figure 4-33 The Echo Finder tab ........................................................................................... 53
Figure 4-34 The Options tab .................................................................................................. 53
Figure 4-35 Double back-wall detection .............................................................................. 54
Figure 4-36 Double back wall reflection detected .............................................................. 55
Figure 4-37 Adjusting the probe delay ................................................................................ 58
Figure 4-38 Setting the target-pin gate ................................................................................ 59
62 List of Figures
Index
A final 25
air fin cooler 43 in sound part of tube 9
severe ID damage 44 D
amplitude, maximum signal 29
deepest defect See defect, deepest
anomalies, C-scan with
defect, deepest
on deepest defect 20
anomalies on, C-scan with 20
in sound part of the tube 12
troubleshooting C-scan on 20
artificial defects 45
verification procedure on, C-scan 19
drilled holes (ID and OD) 48
wall-thickness on, inaccurate 23
ID flat-bottom hole 47
defects, artificial 45
OD flat mill defect 45
drilled holes (ID and OD) 48
B ID flat-bottom hole 47
back wall, double 54 OD flat mill defect 45
delay, setting the probe 57
C detection optimization
centered turbine 31 ID round-bottom pit 43
centering, probe 30 OD round-bottom pit 38
color palette 26 difficulties with C-scan production 10
cooler, air fin 43 document
severe ID damage 44 copyright ii
copyright ii part number ii
C-scan publishing date ii
anomalies, with revision ii
on deepest defect 20 double back wall 54
F
difficulties with production 10
irregularities on data 26 fin cooler, air 43
troubleshooting severe ID damage 44
on deepest defect 20 G
gate, setting the target-pin 58
verification
on deepest defect 19
Index 63
I in sound part of the tube 9

ID round-bottom pit 38 production, difficulties with C-scan 10
analysis 42 R
optimization for detection 43
ray tracing 29
internal rotary inspection system (IRIS) 7
round-bottom pit, ID 38
introduction 7
analysis 42
irregularities on C-scan data 26
M round-bottom pit, OD 34
maximum signal amplitude 29 analysis 37
measurement, inaccurate wall thickness 23 optimization for detection 38
MultiView S
do’s 50
safety
don’ts 50
signal words 2
main window 50
symbols 1
Setup Wizard 50
selection, turbine 33
Ultrasound menu 51
signal, maximum amplitude 29
Echo Finder tab 52
sound part of the tube See tube, sound part of
Inspection tab 51
the
Options tab 53
support information 4
Pulser/Receiver tab 52
Trigger tab 52 T
UT settings 8 tabs
O Echo Finder 52
Inspection 51
OD round-bottom pit 34
Options 53
analysis 37
Pulser/Receiver 52
Trigger 52
off-centered turbine 32
target-pin gate, setting the 58
Olympus
technical support 4
office address ii
thickness measurement, inaccurate wall 23
technical support 4
tip, turbine size selection 33
P tracing, ray 29
palette, color 26 trademark disclaimer ii
pin See target-pin gate, setting the troubleshooting
pit, ID round-bottom 38 on deepest defect, C-scan 20
analysis 42 in sound part of the tube, C-scan 10
optimization for detection 43 tube, sound part of the
pit, OD round-bottom 34 anomalies in, C-scan with 12
analysis 37 difficulties with C-scan production in 10
optimization for detection 38 troubleshooting C-scan in 10
probe centering 30 verification procedure in, C-scan 9
probe delay, setting the 57 turbine
procedure, verification centered 31
on deepest defect 19 off-centered 32
64 Index
selection 33 V
U verification
on deepest defect, procedure 19
Ultrasound menu, MultiView 51
final 25
Echo Finder tab 52
in sound part of the tube, procedure 9
Inspection tab 51
Options tab 53 W
Pulser/Receiver tab 52 wall thickness, inaccurate measurement 23
Trigger tab 52 warranty information 4
Index 65
66 Index

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IRIS

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Part number: DMTA015-01EN

Important Information — Please Read Before Use ..................................... 1

IRIS Setup Guide ............................................................................................... 5

1. C-Scan Verification in the Sound Part of the Tube ............................... 9

2. C-Scan Verification on Deepest Defect .................................................. 19

3. Final Verifications ...................................................................................... 25

4. Understanding Physics and Advanced Analysis ................................. 29

Table of Contents iii

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 29

Appendix: How to Set Probe Delay and Target Pin .................................. 57

List of Figures ................................................................................................... 61

Important Information — Please Read Before Use

The internal rotary inspection system (IRIS) instrument is designed to perform

General warning symbol:

Important Information — Please Read Before Use 1

High voltage warning symbol:

Safety Signal Words

The DANGER signal word indicates an imminently hazardous situation. It calls

The WARNING signal word indicates a potentially hazardous situation. It calls

The CAUTION signal word indicates a potentially hazardous situation. It calls

2 Important Information — Please Read Before Use

Note Signal Words

Important Information — Please Read Before Use 3

Inspect materials thoroughly on reception for evidence of external or internal damage

4 Important Information — Please Read Before Use

IRIS Setup Guide

IRIS probe setup guide in three easy steps.

Perform the wizard setup, then the following:

1 Place the probe in the sound part of

3 Scan the calibration tube and

The setup is now complete.

Figure i-1 Setup steps

IRIS Setup Guide 5

6 IRIS Setup Guide

Figure i-2 The UT Gain Settings dialog box (Operation menu)

1. C-Scan Verification in the Sound Part of the Tube

1.1 Verification Procedure in the Sound Part of the Tube

To perform the C-scan verification

The verification will only work if the probe is immersed in water.

4. Start the data acquisition.

C-Scan Verification in the Sound Part of the Tube 9

C-scan view (color- B-scan view (cursor

Figure 1-1 Example of a clear C-scan

1.2.1 Difficulties with C-Scan Production

C-Scan Verification in the Sound Part of the Tube 11

Figure 1-3 Other examples of distorted B-scans

1.2.2 C-Scan with Anomalies

Figure 1-5 B-scan with missing backwall echo

C-Scan Verification in the Sound Part of the Tube 13

Figure 1-6 B-scan with missing frontwall echo

5. Incomplete C-scan at the bottom.

Speed reduction of the

Figure 1-7 Incomplete C-scan

6. C-scan with horizontal stripes of colored dots.

C-Scan Verification in the Sound Part of the Tube 15

Figure 1-8 C-scan with horizontal stripes made of colored dots

7. C-scan produced too quickly with vertical irregularities.

Figure 1-9 C-scan with vertical irregularities

C-Scan Verification in the Sound Part of the Tube 17

2. C-Scan Verification on Deepest Defect

A proper calibration tube has a 50 % external groove and four 10 % to 30 % flat-

2.1 Verification Procedure on Deepest Defect