Hologram

Evolution of the imaging device can be distinguished:

- Direct image plane imaging image formation as a 2-D function by direct

mapping each point of an object to corresponding points of the object image.

- Holographic imaging: recording of amplitude and phase of the wave field

radiated by the object in form of a hologram and subsequent reproduction of
the wave field by reconstruction of holograms
Virtual Display:

•Sci-fic movies.

•For trade-show booths.

•Museums display .

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Hologram: Some Applications

•Authentication.

•Virtual Display.

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HOLOGRAM: AUTHENTICATION

•Identity card
•Passport
•Sticker or Tag

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IDENTICARD:

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PASSPORT:

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SCI-FIC MOVIES:

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For trade-show booths:

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MUSEUM DISPLAY:

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Why Laser ?

• Lasers produce mono-chromatic

light -- it has one wavelength and
one color.

• Because of the need for coherent

interference between the
reference and object beams

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When Light Fall on an Object

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Interference

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Diffraction

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2D Photography Plate- Negative

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Holographic Plate

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Hologram properties

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Hologram

Holographic imaging: recording and reconstruction of wave fields.

- D. Gabor and invention of principles of optical holography

- Leith-Upatnieks’s and Denisyuk’s holograms
- Holographic interferometry
 Processes in Holography

The formation of hologram is done by a process called recording process. The

formation of three dimensional image from hologram is called reconstruction
process

Thus holography consists of two processes :

i) Recording of Hologram
ii) Reconstruction of image
Hologram
Hologram
In holography, interference pattern between optical waves reflected by or transmitted
through object and a special “reference” wave is recorded.

Recording: Reflected Hologram

Hologram
In holography, interference pattern between optical waves reflected by or transmitted
through object and a special “reference” wave is recorded.

Recording: Transmitted Hologram

Hologram
In holography, interference pattern between optical waves reflected by or transmitted
through object and a special “reference” wave is recorded.
Light Source: White incandescent light

Reconstruction: Reflected Hologram

Hologram
In holography, interference pattern between optical waves reflected by or transmitted
through object and a special “reference” wave is recorded.

Reconstruction: Transmitted Hologram

Light Source: He-Ne laser
 In Holographic Imaging

i) We record intensity and phase both

ii) It’s a point to point recording
iii) Each point on Gabor plate receives light from all part of object
iv) It’s a 2 D imaging of a 3D object

(a) i, ii, iv
(b) i, iii, iv
(c) ii, iii,
(d) i, iii
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In order to record a hologram on holographic plate we require

i) Laser Light
ii) White Light
iii) Reference beam and object beam
iv) Interference between Reference beam and object beam

(a) i, ii, iv
(b) i, iii, iv
(c) ii, iii,
(d) i, iii
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The holographic imaging consists of

i) Recording and reconstruction of hologram

ii) Reference beam and object beam
iii) Interference between Reference beam and object beam
iv) 3D image of a 3 D object

(a) i, ii, iv
(b) i, iii, iv
(c) ii, iii,
(d) i, ii, iii, iv
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