BUILDING SERVICES

LIGHTING AND ELECTRICAL

Y20APO126
R.KALANJARI MANOJNA
❑ INTRODUCTION:
A LAMP IS AN ARTIFICAL SOURCE OF LIGHT. OVER THE LAST 100 YEARS ,LAMPS HAVE BECOME AN INTEGRAL PART OF OUR
DAILY LIFE
VARIOUS TYPES OF LAMPS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET. THESE LAMPS DIFFER IN THEIR IN THEIR OPERATING PRINCIPLE
MATERIALS USED AND IMPORTANTLY –THEIR ENERGY EFFICIENY .

❑ The different types of lamps include:

•Incandescent Lamps
•Tungsten Halogen Lamps
•Fluorescent Lamps
•Compact Fluorescent Lamps
•Mercury Vapour Lamps
•Metal Halide Lamps
•High Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamps
•Low Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamps
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❑ INCANDESCENT LAMPS
AN INCANDESCENT LAMPS OR LIGHTS IS AN ELECTRIC LIGHT WHICH PRODUCES LIGHT WITH A FILAMENT WIRE HEATED
TO A HIGH TEMPERATURE BY AN ELECTRIC CURRENT PASSING THROUGH IT. A HOT FILAMENT IS PROTECTED FROM
OXIDATION WITH GLASS OR QUARTZ BULB WHICH IS FILLED WITH INERTED GASES
• INSIDE GAS IS ARGON WITH NITROGEN
• OPERATING LIFE SPAN IS 1000 HOURS
• LIGHT OUTPUT IS 15WATT
• ELECTRICTY HEATS THIS FILAMENT UPTO 2500 DEGREES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• LESS EXPENSIVE • ENERGY INEFFICIENT
• CAN BE DIMMED • SHORT LAMP LIFE TIME
• LIGHT OUTPUT IS RELAVTIVELY HIGH
• WARM SOURCES
• EASIER TO DIM WITH RHEOSTATS
❑ Fluorescent Lamps:
• A compact fluorescent lamp also called compact fluorescent light ,energy saving
light, and compact fluorescent tube is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an
incandescent lamp
• Oxide coated tungsten filament is used as electrodes
• Light output is 70 watt
• Average 7500 hours
Advantages Disadvantages
• Heat is relatively low • Color temperature
• Energy efficiency • Requires glare controlling
• Long lamp life elements
• Usually cool source • Requires ballast

❑ Sodium vapor lamp:

A sodium vapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses sodium in excited state
to produce the light
•They are 2 varieties in in this lamp
•High Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamps
•Low Pressure Sodium Vapour Lamps

Advantages:
•Most energy efficient among
Disadvantages:
•Only monochromatic color.
all artificial light sources.
•Bad color rendering index
•Very long life span up to 50000
•Unusable for color recognition places.
hours.
•Sodium is hazardous and can catch fire
•Color temperature is always
in contact of air
warm
 ❑ HALOGEN LAMP:
A HALOGEN LAMP ARE ALSO KNOWN AS TUNGSTEN HALOGEN LAMP,QUARTZ
LAMP IS AN INCANDESENT THAT HAS SMALL AMOUNT OF HALOGEN SUCH AS
IODINE OR BROMINE ADDED
ADAVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• THE CHEAPER IN PRICE • FILLAMENT BREAKS EASYLY
• NOT DAZZING • REQUIRES LARGE AMOUNT OF HEAT
• ABLE TO PENETRATE THE FOG • STRONG INTENSITY OF LIGHT

❑ Mercury vapor lamps

A MERCURY LAMP IS A GAS DISCHARGE LAMP THAT USES AN ELECTRIC ARC
THROUGH VAPORIZED MERCURY TO PRODUCE

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• They are energy efficient • Maintenance of lumen is poor
• Rated life of 24,000 hrs • It takes 5 to 7 minutes warmup
• The output is clear white light before fully glowing the bulb
• It provides with high intensity • The cooling time is 5 to 6 minutes
• They are voltage sensitive
❑ Metal Halide Lamps
A metal-halide lamp is an electrical lamp that produces light
by an electric arc through a gaseous mixture of vaporized
mercury and metal halides (compounds of metals with bromine
or iodine).
ADAVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• LIGHT COLOUR • TAKES LONG TIME TO WARM UP
• ENIVIRONMENTAL TOUGHNESS• RUPCTERS ARC TUBE
• REFLECTION
METHOD OF LIGHTING