ADGITM, NEW DELHI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Experiment No: 02
SrEeD-TORQUE CHARACTERSTICSs OF AN AC SERVOMOTOR
Objective 2.2 Apparatus
2. Procedure 2.6 Observation reauired 2.3 Theory 2.4 Connection diagrann
table 2.7 Result 2.8 Precautions 2.9
2.1
Questios
OBJECTIVE: To study and
determine the Speed-Torque characterisuoof
an AC servomotor.
2.2 APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.S. No. Name of Apparatus

1
Range/Rating Qty.
A.C. Servomotor Kit
Kit
A.C. supply 220 V,50 Hz
3 A.C. Voltmeter
0-100 V
4 D.C. Voitmeter 0-20 V

2.3 THEORY:

An A.C. servomotor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of

angular position. It consists of a motor coupled to a sensor for position
feedback, through a reduction gearbox. It also requires a relatively sophisticated
controller, often a dedicated module designed specifically for use with
servomotors. Servomotors are Lused in applications such
as robotics, CNC machinery or automated manufacturing.

As the name suggests, a servomotor is a servomechanism. More

specifically, it is a closcd-loop servomechanism that uses position feedback to
control its motion and final position. The input to its control is some signal,
either analogue or digital, representing the position commanded for the output

shaft.

and
The motor is paired with some type of encoder to provide position
the position is measured. The
speed feedback. In the simplest case, only
to the command position, the
measured position of the output is compared
to the controller. If the output position
differs from that required,
external input
then causes the motor to rotate in either
an error signai is generated which As the
needed to bring the output shaft to the appropriate position.
direction, as
reduces to zero and the motor stops.
positions approach, the error signal
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Control System Lab
 ADGITM, NEW DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

The sensing via

very simplest servomotors use position-only
a potentiometer and bang-bang control of their motor; the motor always rotates
at full speed (or is stopped). This type of servomotor is not widely used in
industrial motion control, but they form the basis of the simple and cheap
servos used for radio-controlled models.

both the position and also the

More sophisticated servomotors measure
motor, rather
speed of the output shaft. They may also control the speed of their
in
than always running at full speed. Both of these enhancements, usually
be brought
combination with a PID control algorithm, allow the servomotor to
to its Commanded position more quickly and more precisely, with

less overshooting.

2.4 CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

PMCC
REFRENCE SERVO MOTOR ED
MOTOR

cONTRCL
E FLECTRONIC
S1 TACHO GEN CN $2

100V P2
AC P1

POWER 12V DC
ON

for AC servomotor

with points. Pj meant

measurement
control i.e. load control
sehematic
Fig.1: Panel for DC motor speed
control. P2
speed

g 2 of4
ADGITM, NEW DELH1
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

2.5 PROCEDURE:

Step1: Make the connection as shown in the diagram.

Step 2: First of all "ON' the switch S, & give some AC voltage likes 40V to
AC Servomotor through P (P-Power). A.C. Motor will rotate & due
coupling, PMDC Motor will also rotate. Note the back E.M F. (E,).
to, the

Step 3: Now 'ON the switch Sa and through Pz, set the value of E,-0.Take
the readings of DC Load current (I) & Speed (N) in RPM.

readings of DC Load
Step 4: Now increase the load through P Take the
current (TL) & Speed (N) in RPM.

at different loads and note the readings of l, & N.

Step 5: Repeat the step4
obtain
Step 6: Repeat the whole procedure at different AC voltages and
different sets of readings.

Calculate the torque for each set of readings and sketch the graph
Step 7:
between Speed and Torque.

2.6 OBSERVATION TABLE:

Back E.M.F. DC Load Speed (N)

AC Voltage RPM
S. No. (E,) Current )
(ac)

2.6.1 Calculation:

P*1.019*10"*60 gm/cm
T (Torque) (2N

watts
P (Power) E,l

Pag 3 of4
ADGITM, NEWDILH DuPARIINT OF ILICTRICAL AND ELECTRONIOS ENGINEE

RESULT:
T: Torque is alw
Torque is lways inversely proportional to the Speed ie. To
2.7
2 . 8 P R E C A U T I O N S :

Connection should be avaiable according to the cireuit diagram on the

1.
kit.
Connecting leads should be tight in the sockets of kit.
Check the AC and DC voltimeters which should be at proper place
variation in Pi and P.
4. Give small
s Speed of motor should not be more than RPM meter
2.9 QUESTIONS:

Servomotor? Give their classification in brief.

1. What is
2. Explain the torque-speed
characteristics of AC servomotor?
of AC servomotor depend?
3, On what
factor does the ofrotation dinrection

drawback of AC servomotor?
4. What is the reference voltage and control
What is the phase relationship between
5.
voltage?