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Nervous
Systems
Chapter
49
Evolution
of
the
Nervous
System
! Echinoderms: Neurons
! Planarians,
Annelids,
Arthropods,
some
Mollusks,
and
Chordates
have
brains
or
ganglia
to
coordinate
neurons
Divisions
of
the
Nervous
System
! Central Nervous System (CNS) is the brain and spinal cord
! Peripheral
Nervous
System
(PNS)
is
made
up
of
nerves
and
ganglia
CNS:
The
Brain
! Gray matter consists of cell bodies, dendrites ,and unmyelinated axons
! White
matter
consists
of
bundled
axons
that
have
myelin
sheaths
CNS:
The
Brain
!
Cerebrum:
memory
and
learning
CNS:
the
spinal
cord
! The
function
of
the
spinal
cord
is
to
convey
information
to
and
from
the
brain
and
generate
basic
patterns
of
locomotion.
!
It
also
produces
reflexes,
which
are
rapid,
involuntary
responses
to
stimuli
PNS
! The
peripheral
nervous
system
is
divided
into
two
parts,
the
somatic
(motor)
system
and
the
autonomic
nervous
system.
! The somatic (motor) system responds to external signals and is connected to skeletal
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muscles.