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1 (a) (i) Sebatian ionic yang terbentuk apabila ion hidrogen, H+ dalam asid
digantikan dengan ion logam atau ion ammonium, NH4+
Ionic compound formed when the hydrogen ion, H+ from the acid is replaced
with metal ion or ammonium ion, NH4+
(ii)
Garam klorida / chloride salts
Plumbum(II) klorida / lead(II) chloride
Argentum klorida/ silver chloride
Merkuri(I) klorida/mercury(I) chloride
(iv)
. ×
Number of mole of NaCl = // 0.01 mol
Bilangan mol NaCl
Lead(II) iodide
Yellow precipitate will dissolve when heated. Yellow precipitate will form
again when it is cooled
2+
Pb + 2 I-→PbI2
(iii)
Daripada persamaan:
= 0.0461 g
Atau
1. Add excess sodium hydroxide solution into the industrial waste water
2. Blue precipitate formed
OR
1. Add excess ammonia solution into the industrial waste water
2. Dark blue solution formed
SKEMA [GARAM] WEEK 2
[Type here] SEMINAR MUDAHNYA SPM [SMS]
Larutan X :
Barium nitrat / barium klorida
Barium nitrate / barium chloride
Larutan Y:
Natrium sulfat / Kalium sulfat
Sodium sulphate / potassium sulphate
5. P = PbCO3
6. Q = Pb(NO3)2
(c) Penyediaan garam zink sulfat (Garam Larut, GL) / Preparation of zinc
sulphate (Soluble salt, SS)
i) Sukat dan tambahkan 100 cm3, 1.0 mol dm-3 larutan zink nitrat ke dalam
larutan natrium karbonat dalam bikar.
i) Add 100 cm3, 1.0 mol dm-3 zinc nitrate solution to sodium carbonate
solution in a beaker.
ii) Stir the mixture using glass rod
iii) Filter the white precipitate/solid zinc carbonate formed
i) Add zinc carbonate to sulphuric acid in a beaker until some of the zinc
carbonate solid no longer dissolve (in excess)
ii) Filter the mixture.
iii) Transfer the filtrate to a evaporating dish
iv) Heat the filtrate(zinc sulphate solution) until saturated
v) Heat the filtrate to about one-third (1/3) of its initial volume
vi) Allow the saturated solution to cool at room temperature.
vii) Filter the crystals formed
viii) Dry the crystals by pressing it between two sheets of filter papers.
SKEMA [GARAM] WEEK 2
[Type here] SEMINAR MUDAHNYA SPM [SMS]
(i)
(d)
5 (a) PbCrO4
n = (0.5)(5) / 1000
n = 0.0025 mol
n = MV /1000
n = (0.5)(5) / 1000
n = 0.0025 mol
6 (a) (i) Sebatian ionik yang terbentuk apabila ion hidrogen, H+ dalam asid
digantikan dengan ion logam atau ion ammonium, NH4+
Ionic compound formed when the hydrogen ion, H+ from the acid is replaced
with metal ion or ammonium ion, NH4+
n =MV/1000
= (0.5)(5) /1000
= 0.0025 mol
(ii) Mol KI
n =MV/1000
= (1)(5) /1000
= 0.0005 mol
(d)
1. Tambahkan asid sulfurik cair ke dalam tabung uji dan tambahkan
larutan ferum(II) sulfat ke dalam tabung uji
2. Tambahkan dua titis asid sulfurik pekat secara perlahan dan berhati-
hati pada dinding tabung uji yang dicondongkan
3. Cincin perang terbentuk menandakan ion nitrat, NO3- hadir
1. Add dilute sulphuric acid into the test tube and add iron(II) sulphate
solution
2. Through a slated test tube, add concentration sulphuric acid slowly through
the wall of the test tube
3. Brown ring is formed indicates the presence of nitrate ion, NO 3-
(e) 1. Plumbum(II) iodida dan plumbum(II) klorida ialah garam tak larut
2. Warna mendakan Plumbum(II) iodida ialah kuning, Warna mendakan
Plumbum(II) iklorida ialah putih
7 (a) (i) Ion plumbum(II), Pb2+ , Ion aluminium, Al3+ , Ion Zink, Zn2+
Lead(II) ion, aluminium ion, zinc ion
(d) i
ion, SO42-
1. Sukat dan tuangkan 1 cm3 1. Sukat dan tuangkan 1 cm3
larutan yang mempunyai anion larutan yang mempunyai anion
(Cl-) ke dalam tabung uji. (SO42-) ke dalam tabung uji.
1. Measure and pour 1 cm3 of anion 1. Measure and pour 1 cm3 of anion
solution into test tube solution into test tube
2. Measure and add 1 cm3 of silver 2. Measure and add 1 cm3 of barium
nitrate solution into test tube nitrate solution into test tube
(b)
1. Baki Z / Residue Z : zink oksida / zinc oxide/ZnO
2. Gas A : Karbon dioksida / Carbon dioxide / CO2
3. Gas B : Nitrogen dioksida / Nitrogen dioxide/ NO2
4. Gas C : Oksigen / Oxygen/ O2
5. Garam X / Salt X : Zink karbonat / zinc carbonate / ZnCO3
6. Garam Y / Salt Y : Zink nitrat / zinc nitrate / Zn(NO3)2
1. Pour the solution that contains Zn2+ ions in the test tube.
2. Add sodium hydroxide, NaOH/ ammonia solution little by little until excess.
3. White precipitate formed dissolves in excess of NaOH/ ammonia
solution.
4. Shows the presence of Zn2+
SKEMA [GARAM] WEEK 2
[Type here] SEMINAR MUDAHNYA SPM [SMS]
1. Pour the solution that contains NO3- ions in the test tube.
2. Add 2cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid, H2SO4 into the test tube
3. Add 2cm3 iron(II) sulphate solution, FeSO4 into the test tube
4. Add slowly a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid, H2SO4 along the
slanted test tube
5. Brown ring is formed, indicate the presence of NO 3- ions
1. Pour the solution that contains Cl- ions in the test tube.
2. Add silver nitrate, AgNO3 solution
3. White precipitate formed
4. Shows the presence of Cl- ions
SKEMA [GARAM] WEEK 2
[Type here] SEMINAR MUDAHNYA SPM [SMS]
Larutan 1 :
Argentum nitrat, AgNO3
Argentum sulfat, Ag2SO4
Larutan 2:
Natrium karbonat, Na2CO3
Kalium karbonat, K2CO3
Ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3
Persamaan Ion:
(b) 1. Tambahkan serbuk kalsium karbonat secara berlebihan ke dalam 50cm3, 1.0
moldm-3 larutan asid hidroklorik
10 (a) Kesan: mengkakis bangunan yang diperbuat daripada batu kapur atau
logam // meningkatkan keasidan tanah // meningkatkan keasidan sungai
dan tasik
(b)
Pepejal P: kuprum(II) karbonat
Solid P : Copper(II) carbonate
(c)
Pepejal X: serbuk magnesium // magnesium oksida
Solid X: Magnesium powder // magnesium oxide
Prosedur / Procedure:
1. Tuangkan 150 cm3 larutan asid hidroklorik cair ke dalam sebuah bikar
SKEMA [GARAM] WEEK 2
[Type here] SEMINAR MUDAHNYA SPM [SMS]