Organizational Behaviour

Individual Behavior and

Self concept
 Organizational Behaviour

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

Human Behavior has been believed to be the outcome of

response to certain external and internal forces called stimuli.

Two views of how Human Behavior occurs are:

a) The Traditional View

b) The Input-Output System

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The Traditional View

The traditional view (SOB Model):

Behaviour is response of stimulus.
i. Situation comprising of stimulus and environment (what
pervades inside and outside of the individual).
ii. Organism occurs through physiological and cognitive means.
iii. Behaviour emerges as patterns of actions as an outcome.
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The Input-Output System

The Input-Output System

It states that Output is the outcome of Input on which some

action has taken place.

Input + Processing Output

Stimulus + Internal/External Processing Response

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Factors Influencing Individual Behavior

Physiological:

Age

Gender

Physical features
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Factors Influencing Individual Behaviour

Socio –Psychological :

• Personality

• Ability

• Perception

• Motivation

• Socio-cultural factors

• Organizational factors
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Factors CAUSING
individual DIFFERENCES
Individual Variables:
Physiological
Socio –Psychological

Situational variables:
Organisational Variables
Organisational Structure
Organisational Processes
Organisational Culture
Job Variables
Nature of job
Work environment
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SELF CONCEPT
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 Self concept is defined as the totality of individual’s thoughts and

feelings having reference to him/her as an object.
 Self concept theory holds that an individual have a concept of self,
based on who they think they are(actual self) and who they think
the would like to be(ideal self).
 The greater the difference between the actual self and the ideal
self, the lower an individual’s self esteem is.
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Self concept has three different components:

• Self image
• Self esteem or self-worth
• Ideal self
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Self Image
A person’s self image is affected by many factors, such as
parental influences, friends, the media, etc.
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Self esteem and self worth

Self esteem always involves a degree of evaluation and we may have

either positive or negative view of ourselves.

* High self esteem *Low self esteem

Even though self-esteem might fluctuate, there are times when we

continue to believe good things about ourselves even evidence to the
contrary exists. This is known as the perseverance effect.

4 major factors that influence self-esteem are:

1. Reaction of others
2. Comparison with others
3. Social roles
4. Identification
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Ideal self
A person’s ideal self may not be consistent with what actually
happens in life and experiences of the person. Hence, a difference
may exist between a person’s ideal-self and actual experience.
This is called incongruence.
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Four Behaviour
“selves” of self-concept

Self-enhancement
Promoting and protecting our positive self-view
Self-verification
Affirming our existing self-concept (good and bad
elements)
Self-evaluation
Evaluating ourselves through self-esteem, self-
efficiency, and locus of control
Social self
Defining ourselves in terms of group membership
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Self-Concept: Self-Enhancement

Drive to promote/protect a positive self-view

competent, attractive, lucky, ethical, valued
Strongest in common/important situations
Positive self-concept outcomes:
better personal adjustment and mental/physical health
inflates personal causation and probability of success
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Self-Concept: Self-Verification

Motivation to verify/maintain our existing self-concept

Stabilizes our self-concept
People prefer feedback consistent with their self-
concept
Self-verification outcomes:
We ignore or reject info inconsistent with self-concept
We interact more with those who affirm/reflect self-concept
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Self-Concept: Self-Evaluation
Defined mainly by three dimensions:
Self-esteem
• High self-esteem -- less influenced, more
persistent/logical
Self-efficacy
• Belief in one’s ability, motivation, role perceptions, and
situation to complete a task successfully
• General vs. task-specific self-efficacy
Locus of control
• General belief about personal control over life events
• Higher self-evaluation with internal locus of control
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Self-Concept: Social Self

Social identity -- defining ourselves in terms of groups

to which we belong or have an emotional attachment

We identify with groups that have high status -- aids

self-enhancement