g]skf ax'dtsf ljBfyL{ g]tf clvn qmflGtsf/Ldf ;dflxt

sf7df8f}F . g]skf ax'dtlgs6 sfo{lbzf gePsf] x'Fbf ;f] kf6L{df

clvn qmflGtsf/L 8f]6Lsf ;+of]hs
jL/]Gb| s7fot;lxt lhNnf ;ldltsf
;b:ox¿ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{lgs6
clvn qmflGtsf/Ldf ;dflxt ePsf
5g\ . g]skf ax'dtsf lhNnf ;+of]hs
/x] s f jL/] G b| s7fotn] g] s kf
jif{ !^, c+s !^, @)&( ;fn df3 !% ut] cfOtaf/ (Jan. 29, 2023) d"No ?= !).– ax'dt;Fu qmflGtsf nflu :ki6
ga:g] / cfh}sf ldltb]lv ljKnj
g] t [ T jsf] kf6L{ l gs6 clvn
qmflGtsf/Ldf ;dflxt ePsf] 3f]if0ff
u/]sf 5g\ . k|jz] u/]sf ;+of]hs
jL/]Gb| s7fot;lxt ho ef6,
eQm af] x f] / fnfO{ clvn
qmflGtsf/L ;'b"/klZrd OGrfh{
tyf s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o
aa/h+u l;+x, ;+u7gs} 8f]6L
OGrfh{ tyf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|sfz
s7fot, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nlntn]
:jfut u/]sf lyP .
pQm sfo{qmddf af]Nb} clvn
qmflGtsf/Lsf 8f]6L OGrfh{ k|sfz
s7fotn] eg], …ax'dt gfdsf] em'08n]
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_

‘b]zsf] lhDdf lng] P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/L g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] sf“wdf’

sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{sf dxf;lrj dxf;lrj ljKnjn]
b] z sf] lhDdf lng] P] l txfl;s
lhDd]jf/L g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf]
sfFwdf cfPsf] 7f]s'jf u/]sf 5g\ .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ gjf}F s]lGb|o
lng;d]t s]lGb|o ;b:onfO{ lgb]z
lbPsf 5g\ .
{ g
g] k fn sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ s f
dxf;lrj ljKnjåf/f k|:t't …kf6L{
of]hgfnfO{ s8fOk"j{s nfu" u/f}F,
PsLs[ t hgqmflGtnfO{ cufl8
lhDd] j f/L :yfoL sld6L ;b:o
k|sf08 ;LnfO{ lhDdf lbPsf] 5 eg]
;Qf / hgkl/ifb\sf] lhDdf ljifd
;L, k|sfzg tyf k|rf/ ljefu OGrfh{
uf]sn
' ;L, :s'lnª ljefu OGrfh{ e/t
;L / hgjuL{o ;+u7g tyf df]rf{
;'bz{g ;L, kf}/v ;L, g/]Gb| ;L, laqmd
;L, ;l/tf, ;L hf]lvd ;L, dlg/fh
;L, 1fg' ;L, /fhs'df/L ;L, ljho ;L,
z}nz] ;L, b]j ;L, ;lËt ;L, Pl08h
;L, /fdnfn ;L, k|sfz ;L, ljj]s ;L,
jf6/ ;L, cfhfb;]g ;L, k|lbk ;L,
e/t ;L, df};d ;L, ladn ;L, lgª\df
;L, lr/~hLlj ;L, lqnf]rg ;L, kf6g
;L, sdn ;L k|zfGt ;L, ;~hLj ;L,
dfgj ;L, hfu[lt ;L, k|eflht ;L,
uf]kfn ;L, /0flbk ;L, bz{g ;L, kjg
;L, ljho ;L, pT;j ;L, sdn ;L,
ch{'g ;L, h'emf? ;L, pef/ ;L,
lxdlzv/ ;L, l;‹d ;L, ;dfh ;L,
cho ;L, lj/f6 ;L, ;Ëd ;L, eut
l;+x ;L, ;Ëd ;L, ljls/0f ;L, cl8u
;L, ljgf]b ;L, z/b ;L, ljZjf; ;L,
rGb| ;L, ljj; ;L, lj/f6 ;L, lgzfg
;L, cljrn ;L k'ik ;L, x]dGt ;L,
lw/h ;L, ;zL ;L, ljlkg ;L, cfqmf]z
-af“ s L clGtd k] h df_

;ldltsf] t];|f] k"0f{ a}7ssf] ;dfkg
ub}{ dxf;lrj ljKnjn] ;f] 7f]sj' f
u/]sf x'g\ .
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] g]kfnsf]
cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;+s6n] b]zsf]
lhDdf lng] P]ltxfl;s lhDd]jf/L
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] sfFwdf
cfPsf] 7f]s'jf ub}{ Tof] sfo{ef/ k"/f
ug{ ;xL ljrf/, of]hgf / gLltn]
dfq} ;Dej x'g] eGb} Psk6s ;Dk"0f{
s]lGb|o ;ldlt / kf6L{ ;fx;k"js { /x]sf kf6L{sf ljleGg ljefu /
nfUg ;a} s]lGb|o ;b:onfO{ lgb]z { g
lbPsf 5g\ . ;fy} pgn] qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf cfpg;Sg] s'g}
klg ;DefjgfnfO{ r'Dg / kxn
a9fcf}FÚ, zLif{ssf] b:tfj]h dfly
s]lGb|o ;b:ox?n] wf/0ff /fv]kl5
Psdtn] b:tfj]h kf; ub}{ cfufdL
5 dlxgfsf nflu /fhgLlts,
j}rfl/s, cfly{s, ;+u7g, ;+3if{ /
k|rf/k|;f/;DaGwL cfjlws of]hgf
lgdf{0f;lxt a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] xf] .
a} 7 sn] s] l Gb| o ;b:ox?sf]
ef}uf]lns sfo{ ljefhg / gjf}F
dxflwj]zg kl5 lgdf{0f ug{ afFsL
;+oGqx? ;d]t u7g u/]sf] 5 .
a}7sn] 5 ;b:oLo :yfoL sld6L
;b:ox?dWo] kf6L{sf] ljb]z ljefu,
cy{ ljefu / kf6L{ k| j Qmfsf]
OGrfh{ lzn' ;LnfO{ lbPsf] atfOPsf]
5.
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ gjf}F s]lGb|o
;ldltsf] t];f| ] k"0f{ a}7s ^ dlxg]
cfjlws of]hgf lgdf{0f ub}{ ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . slknj:t'l:yt kf6L{sf]
s]lGb|o sfof{nodf df3 # ut]af6 z'?
ePsf] a}7s df3 !! ut] a'waf/
;DkGg ePsf] xf] . a}7sdf s]lGb|o
;b:ox? ;'dg ;L, ;d/ ;L, k|of;
;L, cf/f]x ;L, lbg]z ;L, t'n;Lgf/fo0f
;L, w|j' ;L, k|sfz ;L, gljn ;L, ch{g'
;L, ;Demgf ;L, ljj]s ;L, piff ;L,
e[s6' L ;L, ladn ;L, ;lag ;L, ;ljtf
;L, slkn ;L, ;'zLnf ;L, clzgf ;L,
‘bnfn ;Qf / /fHo k|0f nLlj?4 o'jfx?n] cfTdbfx xfO] g, ljb|fx] sf] cf6“ ug{k' 5{’
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj k|0ffnLsf sf/0f ePsf] cf}NofpFb} nfvf} o'jfx?n] of] ;Qfsf] zf]if0f
ljKnjn] g]kfnsf o'jfx?n] cfTdbfx h:tf] unt af6f] / cTofrf/ ;xg' kl//x]sf] j]nf ljb|fx] ug{s
' f] ljsNk gePsf] 7f]sj' f
hfg gx'g] eGb} bnfn;Qf / /fHo k|0ffnL lj?4 ljb|f]xsf] ub}{ bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;Qfsf] ljsNkdf j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] af6f]
cfF6 ug{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . dxf;lrj ljKnjn] d+unaf/
cfTdbfxsf] k|of; u/]sf / pkrf/sf qmddf lgwg ePsf
Onfdsf k|]dk|;fb cfrf{osf] b'vb\ 36gfaf/] a'waf/ Ps
lel8of] ;Gb]z ;fj{hlgs ub}{ g]kfnsf] bnfn ;Qf /
k|0ffnLsf] lgud k'FhLjfb / Psflwsf/ k'FhLjfbsf sf/0f
k|]dk|;fb h:tfsf] 36gf 36]sf] eGb} o;lj?4 ljb|f]x ug{
clkn u/]sf x'g\ .
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] k|d] k|;fb cfrfo{sf] cfTdbfxsf]
36gfn] cfˆgf] kf6L{nfO{ cToGt :tAw agfPsf] eGb} of]
36gf k|]dk|;fbsf] 36gf dfq geO{ l;+uf] g]kfnLn] ef]Ug'
k/]sf] 36gf ePsf] atfP . pgn] eg], …xfd|f] b]zsf] lgolt
xf], 36gfdf k|]dk|;fb cfP klg lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{df
b[Zo / cb[Zo ?kdf ;of}F Joj;foL gful/sx?n] o:tf]
l:ylt efUg' k/]sf] 5, xfdL b'MvL 5f}F, of] k|]dk|;fbsf] s'/f
dfq xf]Og cy{tGq, zf;g k|0ffnL / /fHosf] gLlt
lhDd]jf/ 5 .Ú
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] ;+;b ejg gofF afg]Zj/ cufl8
cfˆg} z/L/df k]6f« n
] 5s]/{ cfuf] nufO{ cfTdbfxsf] k|of;
ug{' ePsf / a'waf/ ljxfg pkrf/sf] qmddf Hofg uPsf
k|d] k|;fbsf] 36gf bb{gfs / kL8fbflos ePsf] eGb} pxfFsf]
lgwgdf kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 xflb{s >4f~hnL JoQm ub}{ kLl8t
3/kl/jf/df ulx/f] ;dj]bgf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] k|d] k|;fbsf] 3/kl/jf/nfO{ tTsfn ePsf] eGb} xhf/f}+ gful/ssf] hLjg ;dfKt kfg]{ bnfn k'FhLjfbsf
/fxt :j?k g]skfsf] tkm{af6 ?= @% xhf/ cfly{s ;xof]u lj?4 j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] af6f] vf]Hg ljz]if clkn u/]sf 5g\ .
ug]{ atfpFb} bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;Qfsf] cTofrf/k|lt dxf;lrj ljKnjn] /fHon] uDeL/tfk"j{s b]zsf o'jf
cfTd;dk0f{ / lj36gsf] af6f] glng af6f] o'jf tyf Joj;foLx?sf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ g;Sbf b'vb\ 36gf x'g k'us ] f]
gful/sx?nfO{ ljb|f]x ug{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . cf}NF ofpFb} rLgn] #, cd]l/sfn] $, o'/f]lkog o'lgogsf b]zx?n] !
dxf;lrj ljKnjn] g]kfnsf Ps 8]9 ;o hgfsf] k|ltzt Jofh b/df C0f nufgL ul//x]sf] kl/k|I] odf g]kfndf eg] !*
xftdf g]kfnsf] ;DklQ hfg] cj:yf of] bnfn ;Qf / -af“ s L clGtd k] h df_

g]skf ;'v]{tåf/f cfly{s n]gb]g tyf 7uL d'2fsf kLl8tnfO{ Gofo

;dfhjfbL ;Qf / clwgfosTjaf/]
k|To]s qmflGtsf] cfwf/e"t k|Zg
/fHo;Qfsf] k|Zg xf] . of] k|ZgnfO{
a'lemPg eg] qmflGtdf a'l4dtfk"0f{
;xeflutf x'g ;Sb}g, qmflGtsf]
cu'jfO{ ug]{ t s'/} 5f]8f}F .
– eL= cfO{= n]lgg, å}w ;Qf,
5flgPsf /rgfx¿, efu @
hf] qmflGtb]lv 8/fpF5g\ / ;Qf
k|fKt ug{sf] nflu ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]tT[ j
ug{ rfxFb}gg\, ltgLx¿sf nflu
qmflGtdf ;j{xf/fju{sf ;xof]uLx¿sf]
k|Zg rf;f]sf] k|Zg aGg ;Sb}g,
ltgLx¿sf] nflu ;xof]uLsf] k|Zg
a]jf:tfsf] k|Zg /xG5, s'g} tTsflns
dxTjsf] gePsf] k|Zg /xG5 .
– :6flng, n]lggjfbsf cfwf/x¿
ha cflbd ;fDojfbsf] ktg eof]
/ lghL :jfldTjsf] pbo eof]o:, ToxL
;dob]lv lghL :jfldTjsf] /Iffsf]
nflu bdgsf cf}hf/x¿ cfjZos
eof] . zf;s ju{n] cfˆgf] x}sd
sfod ug{ txut sd{rf/LtGq,
cy{Joj:yf, bz{g / k|ljlwdf ljsf;
u¥of] . xhf/f} F jif{ s f] qmddf
/fHo;Qfsf] cfw'lgs :j¿k v8f
eof] . To;sf lj?4 cyf{t\ ;Qf?9
ju{sf lj?4 zf]lift–pTkLl8t ju{n]
slxn] ;'if'Kt, slxn] v'Nndv'Nnf t
slxn] zflGtk"0f{ / slxn] lx+;fTds
;ª\3if{ ub}{ cfof] . To;}n] sfn{ dfS;{n]
eGg'eof], æclxn];Dd cl:tTjdf
/x] s f ;a} ;dfhsf] Oltxf;
ju{;ª\3if{sf] Oltxf; xf]Æ sfn{ dfS;{–
k|m8] l/s P+uN] ;, ;+slnt /rgf ;Fux|
efu !, rf/ v08df, v08 !, P]/fjtL
k|sfzg, sf7df8f}F, k[i7 $& .
ljZj Oltxf;df ;Qf?9 ju{sf]
lj?4 ljleGg ljb|fx] x¿ x'bF } cfPsf
5g\ . tL ljb| f ] x / qmflGtx¿n]
lzn' ;L
/fHo;QfnfO{ gi6 kfg'{sf] ;§f emg\
alnof] agfP . ;d'bfox¿, kf6L{x¿,
zlQmx¿aLrsf ;ª\3if{x¿n] Psn]
csf]{nfO{ pl5Gb} csf]{dfly k|e'Tj
sfod ug{ ;ª\3if{ u/] . To;f] ug'{ g}
pgLx¿sf] Ps dfq nIo x'GYof] .
/fHo;QfnfO{ cyf{t\ bdgsf] oGqnfO{
gi6 ug]{ p2]Zo pgLx¿sf] lyPg .
To; k|sf/sf] ;ª\3if{df slxn] ;ª\3if{
ug]{ kIfx¿ gi6 x'Gy] cyjf ;dfh
Ps sbd cufl8 a9\Yof] / gofF
cGt/lj/f]wx¿ ljsf; x'Gy] . hxfF
slxNo} pTkLl8tdflysf] bdg–zf]if0f
/f]lsPg .
;j{ x f/f ju{ s f] pbok" j {
dfgjhfltsf] l:ylt s:tf] lyof] t <
sfn{ dfS;{ eGg' x ' G 5, æ:jtGq
gful/s, 3/fgLof dflg; / ;fwf/0f
k|hf, ;fdGt / e"bf;, lgk"0f{ sflnu9
/ l;sf? sflnu9 cyf{t\ ;+If]kdf
pTkL8s / pTkLl8t lg/Gt/ g} Ps
csf{sf] lj/f]wL /x]sf lyP . pgLx¿
slxn] n'lsl5kL t slxn] v'nf ¿kdf
k/:k/ ;ª\3if{ ub}{ /xGy] . o:tf]
n8fOF x/]s k6s ls k'/} ;dfhsf]
qmflGtsf/L k' g u{ 7 gåf/f ls t
;ª\3if{/t ju{x¿sf] k"0f{ ljgfzåf/f
;dfKt x'GYof]Æ -pxL, k[i7 $*_ .
k'FhLklt / ;j{xf/f ju{sf] aLrdf
;ª\3if{ ;fDojfbLx¿sf] pkh jf b]g
xf]Og . of] t juL{o ;dfhsf] hGdb]lv
x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cyjf k'FhLklt /
;j{xf/f cfhsf] k'FhLjfbL o'usf
pTkL8s / pTkLl8t ju{x¿ x'g\ .
logLx¿sf] aLrdf Oltxf;df ;ª\3if{
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
;'v]{tn] cfly{s n]gb]g tyf 7uL
d'2fsf kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbnfPsf] 5 .
g]skf ;'vt{] df @)&( sflt{s dlxgf
atfPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
g]kfnuGh pkdxfgu/ ;ldlt afFsn
cfly{s n]gb]g tyf 7uL d'2fsf
] ]
lg/k]If lyof] . o; ;dfhsf] cGTo
/Qmkftk"0f{ tl/sfn] eof] / ;fdGtL @) ut] cfly{s n]gb]g tyf 7uL kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbnfPsf] hgfPsf]
;dfhsf] pbo eof] . ;fdGtL;Qf
bf; dflnsTjsf] ;QfeGbf k|ultzLn
lyof] . ;fdGtL ;Qf / k'FhLjfbL
;Qfsf] aLrdf k6s–k6s lx+;fTds
;ª\3if{ eP . ;fdGtjfbsf] t'ngfdf
k'FhLjfb pTkfbs zlQmsf] cg's"n
lyof] . cGttM ;fdGtL ;Qf 9Nof] /
k'FhLjfbL ;Qf ;Qf?9 eof] . To;}n]
juL{ o ;Qf k/:k/
lj/f]wLju{x¿aLrdf cfk;L zq'tfk"0f{
;ª\3if{ ;dfh ljsf;sf] lgod xf] .
h;/L k' F h LjfbL ;Qf o' u sf]
cfjZostf lyof] , To;/L g} d'2f btf{ ePsf] d'2fdf b'j} kIfnfO{ 5 . g]skf g]nfnu+h pkdxfgu/df
;dfhjfbL ;Qf klg clgjfo{ 5 . d]nldnfk u/fO{ Gof lbnfPsf] xf] . @)&( df3 * ut] cfly{s n]gb]g
k'hF LjfbLx¿ / ;+zf]wgjfbLx¿n] g]skf ;'v]{tdf sflnsf]6 lhNnf tyf 7uL d'2f btf{ ePsf] d'2fdf b'j}
;dfhjfbL qmflGtdf an k|of]usf] z'esflnsf ufFpkflnsf j8f g+ * kIfnfO{ d] n ldnfk u/fO{ Gofo
l;4fGt / ;j{xf/f clwgfosTjsf] a;g] kbdaxfb'/ ;]h'jfnsf 5f]/f lbnfPsf] xf] . g] k fnu+ h
lj?4 cfqmd0f s]lGb|t u/]sf 5g\ . k"0f{axfb'/ ;]hj' fn jif{ $) sf] klxnf] pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g= !@ sf
t/, ;Qf?9 ju{ s f] hgbdgsf] kIf elgg] / ;'vt{] lhNnf la/]Gb|gu/ lzj kf}8n] klxnf] kIf / ;f]xL 7fpFsf
gu/kflnsf j8f g+ = ! a:g] nfnaxfb'/ zfxL bf];f| ] kIfaLr cfly{s
oGqsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] ;Qf ;w}s
vf/]h ug{ lglZrt ;+qmd0fsfnaf6
F f] nflu
nf]saxfb'/ af]u6L 5f]/f wgaxfb'/ n]gb]g tyf 7uL d'2f k/]sf] lyof] .
u'hg| k' b{5 . h'g ;dfhjfbL ;Qf xf] . afu6L bf];|f] kIfaLr cfly{s n]gb]g pQm d' 2 fdf g] s kf g] k fnuGh
;dfhjfbL ;Qfn] k'FhLjfbL ;Qf / tyf 7uL d'2f k/]sf] lyof] . pQm pkdxfgu/ ;ldltn] d+unaf/ b'j}
clwgfosTjnfO{ kms{g] ;DefjgfnfO{ d'2fdf g]skf ;'v]{tn] ;f]daf/ b'j} kIfaLr 5nkmn u/fO{ kLl8tnfO{
;w}sF f] nflu cGTo ug]5{ . Tof] r/0fdf kIfaLr 5nkmn u/fO{ d]nldnfk Gofo lbnfPsf] g]kfnuGh pkdxfgu/
-af“ s L & k] h df_ u/fO{ kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbnfPsf] ;]qm]6/L ;fu/ l;n] hfgfsf/L lbP .
 2 @)&( ;fn df3 !% ut] cfOtaf/

df}
; dL kf6L{ Pstfleq n'
s s
] f /x:ox?
ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª
✍ ;DkfbsLo cfufdL kmfu' g @* ut] l eq rGb g]tT[ jsf] g]skfb]lv df]xg a}B z'?d} efua08fsf cfwf/df ePsf] nufpFb} hfg] sfdx? lg/Gt/ e}/x]sf

;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] kbf{kmf; /fi6«kltsf] 5gf]6 e};Sg'kg]{ ;+jw} flgs

afWofTds cj:yf 5 . ;+ljwfgn]
/fi6«kltsf] sfo{sfn kfFr jif{ x'g] eg]sf
g]tT[ jsf] qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbL / ;f]
kf6L{;uF sfo{ut Pstfdf /x]sf cGo
bnx?;d]t cfkm\gf] kf6L{ Pstfsf]
b]lvG5 . kf6L{sf] gfddf z'?d} ljjfbx?
ePsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|n]
klg cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] gfdaf6 …sDo'lgi6Ú
5g\ . ;f]xL sf/0fn] ;f] kf6L{df
/fhgLlts larng / cfGtl/s
lgis[otfsf] cj:yf cfPsf] xf] .
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf sf/0f b]z / hgtfsf] cj:yf lbgk|ltlbg ;+s6u|:t sf/0f cfufdL kmfu'g @* ut];Dd cleofgdf hf]l8g nfu]sf] k|rf/ yfn]sf] zAb x6fpg] k|an ;+efjgf b]lvPsf] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| 36gfqmdn] ;/sf/sf]
aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf s} sf/0f ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf csfndf s'gk{' /]sf] xf] eg] P]gn] Dofb ;lsg'eGbf 5 . h'g k|rf/ lbpF;} /ft kfg]{ vfnsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nufotsf h] hltn] g]tT[ jdf k'us
] f] xf], p;n] of] ca;/nfO{
Hofg kmfNg afWo e} /x]sf 5g\ eg] b]zL–ljb]zL bnfn / k|ltlqmofjfbL tTjx? Ps dlxgf cl3 /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg 5 . lsgls g] ; kf / PsLs[ t kf6L{ Pstfsf] k|rf/ u/]sf 5g\, tL b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf pkof]u ub}{
;Qf / ;/sf/df k'u/] a|Dxn'6 dRofpg ;kmn eO/x]sf 5g\ . h;sf] k'li6 ul/;Sg'kg]{ eg]sf] 5 . cfufdL kmfu'g
Onfdsf k|d] k|;fb cfrf{osf] cfTdbfxnufot ljleGg ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] @* ut] lgs6 dfq lgjf{rg u/fpg]
elgPsf] v08df b]zdf /fi6«kltsf]
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
C0f ltg{ g;s]/ Hofg kmfNg afWo gful/s / g]kfnsf] gful/s g} g/x]sf 5gf]6 x'g g;s]/ ;+jw} flgs ;+s6sf] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] d'Vo g]tT[ j lg/Gt/?kdf blIf0fkGyL af6f]df
/la nfld5fg]sf] ;Qf cf/f]x0fsf] 36gfn] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . ;+;bLo Joj:yf s} cj:yf klg cfpg ;S5 . sxL+ st}af6 hfg] k|oTgdf /x]sf sf/0f ;f] kf6L{nfO{ sDo'lgi6 /fhgLltsf]
sf/0f dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($* sf] wf/f #, g]kfn kIf of] ;+jw} flgs ;+s6sf] l;h{gf u/fpg]
k|of; ePsf] xf] ls eGg] cfz+sfx?
;xL af6f]df Nofpg;Sg] ;+efjgf k|foM IfL0f e};s]sf] 5 .
/fi6« ePsf] gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw,
!(^^ sf] wf/f ^ / g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !^ sf] gful/ssf] ;Ddfgk"js { klg AoQm x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/nfO{ casf] s]xL lbgdfg} dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| ;dfhjfbsf] asf]{ cf]9/]
afFRg kfpg] xs / wf/f @) sf] Gofo;DaGwL xssf] xgg\ ePsf] 5 eg]
;dy{g u/]/ klg k|dv ' k|ltkIfL bnsf] u}/sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df ?kfGt/0f x'g] k|an ;+efjgf b]lvPsf] 5 .
x}l;ot k|fKt u/]sf] g]kfnL sf+u;] | n] ;d]t )^# kl5 g]kfndf :yfkgf u/fOPsf] /fhgLlts Aoj:yf / ;f]
;+;bLo Joj:yf s} sf/0f g]kfnsf] gful/s g} g/x]sf JolQm /fHosf] c+udf To:tf] ;+;o AoQm u/]sf] 5 . elgG5
k'Ug ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . oL ;a} 36gfn] ;+;bLo Joj:yfaf6 b]z / hgtfsf] lgjf{rg cfof]un] ;/sf/nfO{ /fi6«kltsf] Aoj:yfsf pknlAw elgPsf s'/fx? c;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
d'lQm ;Dej 5}g / of] Joj:yfn] b]z / hgtfnfO{ w/fzoL kfg]{ sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt l;kml/; ug{ kqfrf/ b]zdf ljb]zL x:tIf]k lbgk|ltlbg a9]/ uPsf] 5 . ljb]zL
5 eGg] s'/f cfdhgtfn] ;lhn} b]Vg] / a'‰g] u/L kbf{kmf; ePsf] 5 . ul/;s]sf] 5 . t/, ;/sf/n] s'g} pQ/ x:tIf]ksf la?4 gofF 9+usf] cfGbf]ngsf] dfu x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
lbO/x]sf] 5}g . df3 @* ut] leqdf
;+;bLo Joj:yf s} sf/0f b]zdf j}b]lzs x:tIf]k, dxFuL, e|i6frf/ / /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg ;/sf/ dfq To;}n] b]zsf hgkIfLo kf6L{ / zlQmx?sf] Wofg o;tkm{
clgoldttfn] ;Ldf gf3]sf] 5 eg] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{ 7Kk ePsf geP/ ;Qf u7aGwgsf s'g} klg s]lGb|t x'gk' g]{ 68\sf/f] cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] 7f]; kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f
5g\ . ;+;b, b]zL – ljb]zL bnfn, k|ltlqmofjfbL tTj / bnLo g]tfnfO{ 36sx?n] rf;f] gb]vfPsf sf/0f of] u/]/ cufl8 a9\g] / b]zelQmk"0f{ efjgfnfO{ k|dv ' tf lbg] sfddf cfk"mnfO{ cEo:t u/fpg} kb{5 .
kmfObf lng] cv8f ePsf] 5 . sfo{kflnsf, Gofokflnsf e|i6frf/sf] ;/sf/n] lgwf{l/t ldltdf /fi6«kltsf] /fhgLltnfO{ lg/Gt/ wldNofP/ To;df v]Ng] kl/kf6Ln] b]z / hgtfsf] lxt klg ub}g{ eg] o;af6 s'g}
cv8f ag]sf] 5 . ;+;bLo Joj:yf s} sf/0f b]z / hgtf k|tfl8t x'gs ' f lgjf{rg u/fpFbg} ls eGg]df cfz+sfx?
klg a9]/ uPsf 5g\ . To;}n] g]kfnL klg kf6L{sf] ljsf; klg x'bF g} . of] ;a} If]q / kIfn] ljrf/ ug{;Sg' kg]{ s'/f xf] .
;fy} !) jif]{ hgo'4 / !( lbg] hgcfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt u0ftGqsf] pkxf; sf+u; ]| n] ;DalGwt lgsfox?df ;dod} ;dfhjfbLafx]ssf cGo bnnfO{ cfk"mx? kf6L{x?sf aLrdf tTsfn} kf6L{ Pstfg} cfkm\gf )^# kl5sf uNtL tyf sdL
ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg sfuhsf] vf]:6f]df kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf lgjf{rg u/fpgsf nflu kqfrf/ ug's { f jftf{ k|so[ fdf /x]sf] pgLx?nfO{ g} yfxf e}xfNg] s'g} ;+efjgf 5}g . sy+sbflrt sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ ;RofpFb} cufl8 a9\g]
;+;baf6 kfl/t ePsf] 5 eg] P;kLkLkL ;Demf}tf nfu" ug{ ljleGg k|kGrx? ;fy} 9fF65n gug{ r'gf}tL klg lbPsf] 5}g . qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbLnufotsf Pstf eP klg ;f] kf6L{ Pstf;Fu} pQm k|of;ug]{ xf] eg] km]l/ gofF kl/l:yltsf]
eO/x]sf 5g . ;+;bLo Joj:yf, ;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tfsf sf/0f j}b]lzs 5 . t/, k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfneg] k" j { d fcf] j fbLsf 36sx?n] ;d"xdf ljefhg klg x'g] ;+st] x? l;h{gf x'g;S5 . ;f] kf6L{ km]l/ rnfodfg
x:tIf]kn] ;Ldf gf3]sf] 5, Pskl5 csf]{ /fi6«3ft / hg3ftL sfo{ eO/x]sf cfk"m lgs6 dflgPsf s]xL kf6L{x?sf cf}krfl/s?kd} dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|nfO{ b]lvPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|, PsLs[t x'g;S5 . t/, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] d'Vo
aLrdf kf6L{ Pstf cyjf ;+oQ' m df]rf{sf] u}/sDo'lgi6 zlQm / k'iksdn bfxfn, ;dfhjfbL, g];kf / h;kf ;a}df g]tT[ j lg/Gt/?kdf blIf0fkGyL af6f]df
5g\ . hgrf;f]sf ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]e{ Gbf dhfsdf p8fpg] sfo{ eO/x]sf cEof;df nfUg'ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{ / dfwj g]kfnnfO{ cfGtl/s ljefhgsf :ki6 /]vfx? hfg] k|oTgdf /x]sf sf/0f ;f] kf6L{nfO{
5g\ . oL ;a} 36gfn] ;/sf/, ;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tf dfq geO{ ;du| ;+;bLo /fi6«kltsf] cfufdL lgjf{rg cufa} ;d]t blIf0fkGyL / k|ltlqmofjfbL sf]l/Psf 5g\ . pQm kf6L{x? ldn]/ gofF sDo'lgi6 /fhgLltsf] ;xL af6f]df
Joj:yf g} c;kmn ePsf]] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . kf6L{ Pstfsf] sfd ;Sg'k5{ eGb} v]dfsf g]tfsf ?kdf ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff kf6L{sf] gfdfs/0f ugf{;fy dfcf]jfbL Nofpg;Sg] ;+efjgf k|foM IfL0f e};s]sf]
t;y{, b]z / hgtfnfO{ of] ;+s6u|:t cj:yfaf6 kf/ nufpg ;+;bLo 5nkmn cufl8 a9fOPsf sf/0f u/]sf 5g\ . elgG5 dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf s]Gb|sf w]/} g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x? cGo 5 . casf] s]xL lbgdfg} dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|
Joj:yfs} ljsNk vf]Hg'kg]{ ;do cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu g]kfn sDo'lg:6 k|wfgdGqL bfxfnsf] of] v]n /fi6«kltsf] jftf{ 6f]nLsf ;+of]hs s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df hf]l8g] ;+efjgf ;dfhjfbsf] asf]{ cf]9/] u}/sDo'lgi6
lgjf{rgdf k|efj kfg{sf nflu xf] eGg] df3] ;+qmflGt dfGg /f]Nkf hfg] axfgfdf b]lvPsf] 5 eg] PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLsf kf6L{df ?kfGt/0f x'g] k|an ;+efjgf
kf6L{n] cufl8 ;f/]sf] PsLs[t hgqmflGtdf uf]na4 x'gs ' f] ljsNk 5}g lbgsf] 3fd hlts} 5n{Ë ePsf] 5 . g]skfsf] s]lGb|o a}7s e}/x]sf] :yn sltko g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x? Pdfn]df b]lvPsf] 5 . )^# kl5 g]kfndf :yfkgf
lsgeg] ha;Dd b]zdf ;+;bLo Joj:yf /xG5, ta;Dd h'g;'s} ;/sf/ ag] ptf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] /fi6«kltsf] slknj:t'sf] lzju9L k'Ug' ePsf] lyof] . kms{g] ;+st] b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L u/fOPsf] /fhgLlts Aoj:yf / ;f]
klg b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQm ;Dej 5}g eGg] s'/f k6s k6s k'li6 e} ;s]sf] lgjf{rgdf cfkm\gf] kf6L{nfO{ lhtfpgsf hxfF ;fdfGo 5nkmn x'bF f g]skfsf h;kfdf klg Pdfn] / PsLs[t Aoj:yfsf pknlAw elgPsf s'/fx?
5 . To;sf/0f, b]znfO{ jt{dfg ;+s6sf] e'd/Laf6 kf/ nufpg cfd;r]t nflu k|wfgdGqL bfxfns} e/ u/]sf] g]tfx?n] tTsfn kf6L{ Pstfsf] s'g} ;dfhjfbL ;dy{ssf aLrdf ljefhgsf] c;kmn ePsf 5g\ . b]zdf ljb]zL
gful/s, /fhg}lts bn / zlQmx? PsLs[t hgqmflGtdf nfda4 x'Fb} g]kfn b] l vG5 . otf Pdfn] n ] klg ;f]r / sfo{qmd g/x]sf] pQ/ lbP/ ;+st] b]lvPsf] 5 . x:tIf]k lbgk|ltlbg a9]/ uPsf] 5 .
k"j{;xdltcg';f/ ;f] kb cfk"mn] dx/fnfO{ labfO{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . h;kfsf sltko g] t f tyf ljb]zL x:tIf]ksf la?4 gofF 9+usf]
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nfO{ ;fy / ;xof]u ub}{ b]zdf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf kfpg]eGb} To;sf nflu k|wfgdGqL g]skf;Fu sfo{ut Pstfdf /x]sf cGo sfo{stf{x? hgdt kf6L{tkm{ cfslif{t cfGbf]ngsf] dfu x'g yfn]sf] 5 . To;}n]
ug{ sDd/ s;]/ nfUg'sf] ljsNk 5}g . cGoyf of] ;+;bLo Joj:yf, ;+;b\jfbL bfxfns} e/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;+;bsf] 36sx?;Fu dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf g]tfx?sf] x'bF } uPsf] klg b]lvG5 . o;/L dfcf]jfbL b]zsf hgkIfLo kf6L{ / zlQmx?sf]
bn / g]tfx?n] b]z / hgtfnfO{ e8\vfnf]df xfNg] lglZrt 5, r]tgf eof . t]>f] kf6L{n] b]zsf] sfo{sf/L k|dv ' s'g} e]6 klg ePsf] 5}g . olta]nf s]Gb|sf] g]tT[ jn] xfn yfn]sf] kf6L{ Wofg o;tkm{ s]lGb|t x'gk' g]{ 68\sf/f]
k|wfgdGqL lnPsf] cj:yfdf ;+;bsf] qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbL / rGb g]tT[ jsf] Pstfsf] cleofg ;doqmddf cy{xLg cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . sDo'lgi6
of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd cnkq kfg]{ sDkgL;u“ :ki6Ls/0f dfu
sf7df8f}F . ;fj{hlgs vl/b dGqfnocGtu{tsf] u|fdL0f pBd tyf
bf]>f] / ;Qf u7aGwgsf] k|dv
Pdfn]n] /fi6«klt kb gkfpg] s;}n]
' 36s g]skfnufotsf 36sx?;Fu cGo
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] klg ;xsfo{ ul//x]sf
;flat x'g] ;+efjgf 5 . vf;df dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|sf] g]tT[ j Hofb} cl:y/ / ljrf/df
kf6L{x?n] 7f]; kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f
u/]/ cufl8 a9\g] / b]zelQmk"0f{
cg'udg sfof{non] ljleGg ;fj{hlgs ljk|]if0f cfof]hgfsf] sfd cnkq sNkgf klg u/] s f 5} g g\ . t/, 5g\ . To;}n] a[xt\ sDo'lgi6 Pstfsf :vlnt ePsf sf/0f of] kl5Nnf] cj:yf efjgfnfO{ k|dv ' tf lbg] sfddf cfk"mnfO{
lgsfocGtu{t sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf kf/] s f] hgfOPsf] 5 . v} / xgL k|wfgdGqL bfxfnsf] v]n eg] lbgk|ltlbg nflu ;a} 36sx?;Fu cf}krfl/s jftf{ cfPsf] xf] . To;}n] olta]nf dfcf]jfbL cEo:t u/fpg} kb{5 . /fhgLltnfO{
of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd cnkq kfg]{ gu/kflnsf gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no cgf}7f] / ;Gb]xf:kb aGb} uPsf] 5 . x'gk' g]{ x'G5 . km]l/ dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|n] h'g– s]Gb|sf] vf; cfjZostf eg]sf] kf6L{sf] lg/Gt/ wldNofP/ To;df v]Ng]
;ftj6f lgdf{0f Joj;foL / cfk"lt{stf{ lrtjgsf] sfd cnkq kfg]{ o'gfO6]8 ;w} b'O6{ f 8'u+ fdf 6]s/] /fhgLlts ofqf h'g ;d"xx?;Fu kf6L{ Pstfsf nflu k'gu{7g jf laz]if dxflwj]zgsf] kl/kf6Ln] b]z / hgtfsf] lxt klg
sDklgnfO{ :ki6Ls/0f ;f]w]sf] 5 . Pu|f] Ol~hlgol/ª k|flnnfO{ klg ug{ ?rfpg] bfxfn /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rgdf jftf{ ul//x]sf] elgPsf] 5, pgLx?;Fusf] cfof]hgf ug'{ xf] . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|df ub}g{ eg] o;af6 s'g} klg kf6L{sf]
…oL lgdf{ 0 f Joj;foL tyf sfnf];"rLdf /fVg gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f stf km8\sf] dfg'{ x'g] xf] eGg] w]/d} f jftf{ ljrf/, /0fgLlt, clwstd gofF gofFnfO{ kf6L{df k|az ] u/fpg] / ljsf; klg x'bF g} . of] ;a} If]q / kIfn]
cfk"lt{stf{nfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fVg eP :ki6Ls/0f k]; ug{ elgPsf] 5 . lh1f;f /x]sf] b]lvG5 . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf sfo{qmd / Go"gtd sfo{qmd geP/ k'/fgf tyf :yflkt g]tfx?nfO{ kfvf ljrf/ ug{;Sg' kg]{ s'/f xf] .
ljleGg ;fj{hlgs lgsfoaf6 n]vL
cfPsfn] sfnf];"rLdf /fVg gkg]{
cfwf/ jf k|df0f eP ;"rgf k|fKt
ePsf] ldltn] #) lbgleq :ki6Ls/0f
sDklgsf ;~rfns ;' ' / ] z s' d f/
a'9fyf]sL x'g\ . ;8s af]8{ g]kfnn]
;'saxfb'/ u'?ª ;~rfns /x]sf]
gjnk/f;Lsf] ef]na] faf sG:6«S;gnfO{
cWoIf tyf k|wfgdGqL bfxfnsf] e/
k/]sf] h;kf olta]nf ;/sf/;Fu
c;Gt'i6 eP/ 3'ld/x]sf] 5 eg]
bfxfn;Fu} e/ k/]sf] gful/s pGd'lQm
Sofg OGkmf]6]s df3 @$ b]lv
sf7df8f}F . sDo'6/ Pzf]l;P;g P;f]l;P6 :kf]G;/df :df6{ RjfO; 6]Sgf]nf]hL pgn] eg], …:jb]zs} ;ˆ6j]o/ /
k]; ug{' egL lghx?sf] 7]ufgfdf sfnf];"rLdf /fVg ;fj{hlgs vl/b kf6L{ klg …jNnf] 3f6 g kNnf] lt/Ú g]kfn -Sofg_ n] o; jif{sf] Sofg OGkmf]6s] lnld6]8 -P;;L6L_ /x]sf 5g\ . k|fof]hs ;f]n;' G;sf] ahf/ lgdf{0f ug{ o;af6
;"rgf k7fOPsf] lyof] . t/, xfn;Dd cg'udg sfof{nonfO{ n]vL k7fPsf] eg]h:tf] ePsf] 5 . PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL df3 @$ b]lv df3 @( ut];Dd sDkgLsf cfwf/df of] a[xt\ ;"rgf ;~rf/ ;xof]u k'Ug] ljZjf; lnPsf 5f}+ . Ú
klg lnlvt :ki6Ls/0f k]; x'g lyof] . of] sDklgnfO{ klg ;ft klg ;/sf/ u7gsf] dfldnfdf sf7df8f}sF f] e[s6' Ld08kdf x'g] hgfPsf] k|ljlw k|bz{gLsf] cflwsfl/s gfd To:t} Sofg OGkmf]6s] @)@# sf]
gcfPsfn] yk ;ft lbgsf] ;do lbgleq lnlvt :ki6Ls/0f k]; ug{ k|wfgdGqL bfxfnsf] /a}ofk|lt c;Gt'i6 5 . dxf;+3n] cfof]hgf ug]{ d'ns ' s} 7"nf] …OGkmf]8e] nk;{ Sofg OGkmf]6s
] @)@# Og Knfl6gd :kf]G;/df l8zxf]d kmfOa/g]6,
lbOPsf] 5Ú, vl/b cg' u dg elgPsf] 5 . x'bF fx'bF } kf6L{ Pstfsf] kf;f]df k/]/ ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL k|bz{gL Sofg P;f]l;P;g ljy P;;L6LÚ /x]sf] 5 . 8fodG8 :kf]G;/df g]kfn 6]lnsd tyf
sfof{non] k|sflzt u/]sf] ;"rgfdf lakL sf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg kmgkmgL 3'Dg afWo ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . OGkmf]6s
] @)@# sf] tof/L clGtd r/0fdf Sofg OGkmf]6s] sf] Oltxf;d} klxnf] uf]N8 :kf]G;/df dfof Plgd];g Ps]8d] L
elgPsf] 5 . k|lt:7fgn] lj1fg s'df/ cof{n d'Vo g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kl/l:yltsf / Xjfj] /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} l;Ne/
lnlvt :ki6Ls/0f k]; gu/]df ;~rfns /x]sf] sf7df8f}Fdf /x]sf] lx;fan] of] ;do s'g} bnx?sf aLrdf :kf]G;/x¿df P;kfj/, l8lhsd / cg{
jf lrQa'‰bf] hjfkm gcfPdf tL 8fOUgf] s ] d OG6/g] ; gnnfO{ tTsfn kf6L{ Pstf ug'k{ g]{ cyjf ;+oQ' m l;Ssf -cglnld6]8 6]Sgf]nf]hL_ /x]sf
sDklgnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /flvg] klg sfnf];"rLdf /fVgsf nflu l;kmfl/; df]rf{ jf sfo{ut Pstfsf nflu k|of; 5g\ . k|bz{gLsf] l6s]l6ª kf6{g/df k]
sfof{ n on] hgfPsf] 5 . vl/b u/]sf]df vl/b cg'dug sfof{non] ul//xg' kg]{ xf]Og . s]lGb|o ;/sf/df j]n, OG:of/]G; kf6{g/df cfOPdO{ h]g/] n
cg'udg sfof{non] ;'zLn sfsL{ d'Vo of] sDklgnfO{ klg :ki6Ls/0f ;f]ws] f] g/x]sf PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL, h;kf / OG:of]/G] ;, gn]h kf6{g/df n8{ a'4
;~rfns /x]sf] l;?jf sG6«S;g 5 . To:t} , alb{ o fsf] af/alb{ o f g];kfnufotsf bnx?sf nflu kf6L{ Ph's;] g kmfpG8];g, 6«l] gª kf6{g/df
sDklg lnld6]8nfO{ lnlvt hjfkm gu/kflnsfn] sNkgf 1jfnL Pstf jf df]rf{sf] dxTj / pkfb]otf OG6/g];gn :s'n km/ l:sN;, km'8 PG8
k]; ug{ eg]sf] 5 . ;‹Lo ;8s ;~rfns /x]sf] sNkgf sG:6«S;gnfO{ xf]nf t/ dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf nflu s'g} a]e/]h kf6{g/df ¥ofs]6 af/ PG8 Oe]G6;,
;'k/Lj]If0f tyf cg'udg sfof{nosf] sfnf];r " Ldf /fVg n]vLk7fPsf] vl/b cfjZostf / cf}lrTotf b]lvPsf] lyPg kfj8{ afO{ cfOPdO{ k] / P;PdP;
sfd cnkq kf/]kl5 of] sDklgnfO{ cg'udg sfof{no hgfPsf] 5 . / 5}g klg . km]l/ crDdsf] ljifo s] k'us] f] dxf;+3sf cWoIf /0fhLt kf]2f/n] k6s ;ˆ6j]o/ sDkgLn] zLif{ k|fof]hg kf6{g/df :Kof/f] P;PdP; /x]sf 5g\ .
:ki6Ls/0f k]; ug{ elgPsf] xf] . uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsf gu/kflnsfsf] 5 eg] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|n] z'?df g];kf / atfP . …Sofg OGkmf]6s
] df ;"rgf ;~rf/ u/]sf] xf] . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Nb} k|bz{gLnfO{ ;kmn ?kdf cfof]hgf x'g
To:t} pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ sfof{no s~rgk'/n] cflzifs'df/ PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL;Fu dfq kf6L{ k|ljlw If]qsf lelqPsf gjLgtd k|ljlw OGkmf]8e] nk;{sf k|dv ' sfo{sf/L clws[t b]zleqaf6 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw
dGqfnon] k;f{sf] ljhg]; g]kfn vqL ;~rfng /x]sf] cfsfz PG8 Pstfsf nflu kxn u/]sf] elgPsf] tyf ;]jfsf] ljz]if k|bz{gL tyf -;LO{cf]_ pd]z /3'jz+ Ln] g]kfnsf] ;ˆ6j]o/ dGqfno, ;"rgf k|ljlw ljefu, g]kfn
sG;N6]G;L k|flnnfO{ sfnf];r" Ldf /fVg kjg sG:6« S ;g sDklgnfO{ lyof] . h;df h;kf klg a]nfavt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr uxg 5nkmn x'g5] ,Ú pBf]unfO{ lrgfpg / :jb]zL pTkfbgnfO{ b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0f, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo
vl/b cg'udg sfof{nonfO{ l;kmfl/; sfnf];"rLdf /fVg n]vL k7fPsf]df hf]l8Psf] b]lvGYof] . laxLaf/ cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf k|fT] ;fxg ug{ Sofg OGkmf]6s
] df zLif{ k|fof]hg dxf;+3, g]kfn r]Da/ ckm sd;{, g]kfn
u/]sf] lyof] . /fh]zk|;fb rf}xfg d'Vo pQm sDklgnfO{ klg :ki6Ls/0f xfn cfP/ dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] jftf{ pgn] eg] . @*cf}F Sofg OGkmf]6s ] sf] ul/Psf] atfP . …Sofg d]nfnfO{ o;cl3 pBf]u kl/;+3, ;'la;'nufotsf ;+:yfn]
;~rfns /x] s f] of] sDklgn] ;f]lwPsf] 5 . 6f]nLn] pQm kf6L{sf cltl/Qm g]qlaqmd 6fO6n :kf]G;/df OGkmf]8e] nk;{ k|fln / xf8{jo] / If]qn] a9L k|ltlglwTj uYof],{ Ú ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ .
 @)&( ;fn df3 !% ut] cfOtaf/ 3

n'l6Psf ;kgfdf pmhf{ eg]{ ;do Û

ljleGg ;kgf / cfsf+Iffsf] ef/L
af]s/] s'lb/x]sf] cfhsf] k':tf cfˆgf]
ubf{ ;xefuL ;a}df :tAwtf 5fPsf]
5 . b'w]afns, >LdtL, a[4 afcfdf
;fwgdf ;Lldt kf/]kl5sf] kL8f v]kL
g;Sg' 5 .
/fhgLltsf] ;f}o{ / cfsif{0fnfO{ w]/}
xb;Dd v'DRofO lbbfsf] k|efj g]kfnL
gofF phf{ s f] vf] h L
;dfhjfbsf] ;kgfdf hfu?s
of] slxNo} klg 6'lËb}g .
ljZj a|Xdf08nfO{ /x:odo j:t'
uGtJo lgSof]n{ ug{d} ;do vlr{/x]sf] 5f]8]/ hfg'sf] kL8fdf pgsf cfFvf tyflk o; k6ssf] hge]63f6n] ;dfhdf klg k/]sf] :ki6} a'‰g cleoGtfx?sf] ljzfn kmf}h lgdf{0f agfP/ o;sf hl6n lgod kQf
b]lvG5 . kl/jt{gsf] ;kgf afF8\g] / /;fO/x]sf 5g\ . of] r'gfjk|lt pgsf] k6s–k6s cfGbf]ng / qmflGtsf] ;lsG5 . cf7f} + –qmflGtaf6 ug{ cfhsf] ;fdflhs dgf]lj1fg a'‰g} nufpg tuf/f] xfNg] OZj/jfbLx?nfO{
ltg} ;kgf a]rL vfg] /fhgLlts cfzf, ljZjf;, e/f];f s]xL klg 5}g . cg' e j u/] s f g] k fnL ;dfhsf] kl/jt{gsf] ;kgf af]s]/ ;dfhjfbL kb{5 . ;dfh eGg] s'g} cnUu} tTj em'6 ;fljt ub}{ ljZj a|Xdf08sf]
cfGbf]ngdf x]lnPsf] kª\ltk|ltsf] x'Fb}g . ;dfh eGg' g} JolQmx?sf cyfx ult klg a'‰g ;lsg] k|]/0ff
;lag ;L ;xfg'el" t, ;b\efj / dfofdf s'g} sdL
gcfP klg alnof] ljZjf; sfod x'g
;DaGwx?sf] hf]8 xf] . dflg;n] cfˆgf]
j}olQs, kfl/jfl/s / ;fdflhs v'zL
ef}ltszf:qLx?n] lbO/x]sf 5g\ . s]
;dfhzf:qL, dfgjzf:qL /
dflyb]lv tn;Dd jgdf/fsf] emf/h:t} df}nfPsf] r/d afF s L g} b] l vG5 . gjf} F – qmflGt, s] ubf{ k|fKt u5{ < s;/L k|fKt ug{ /fhgLlt1x?n] cfhsf] ;fdflhs,
kl/jt{g / ?kfGt/0fsf] cfsf+Iff t ;lsG5 < dflg; v';L k|flKt ug{ s] cfly{s ult / cGt/lj/f]w xn ug]{
e|i6 / bf]xgsf/L bnfn k'h F LjfbnfO{ km}nfpg] v]ndf /fVg] t/ qmflGtdf ;xefuL klg gx'g,] ul//x]sf] 5 < olt w]/} k|oTg ubf{ gofF lgod lgdf{0f ug{ / k|of]u ug{
df}hb' f ;+;bLo /fhgLlts k|0ffnL ;Grfng ug]{ qmflGtsf] nflu s'g} of]ubfg klg klg lsg v';L k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g < ;Sb}gf}+ < dflg;x¿n] a]xf]l//x]sf]
glbg], alnbfg, Tofu,m ;dk{0f c? gofF /fhgLlts ;+:s[ltsf] hGd geO{ b'Mvaf6 d'Qm ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ < ca s]xL
g]tT[ j d08nLx?aLr rsf]{ k|lt:kwf{ 5 . o:tf] s;}n] dfq ul/lbpmg\ / k|ltkmn rflxF dflg;x?sf] lg/fzf ljZjf;df u/] klg x'Fb}g eg]/ cfn;–tfn;
k|0ffnL / g]tT[ j d08nLn] cfh g]kfnLx?nfO{ lg/fzf cfkm}nF ] xft kf/f}+ eGg] dgf]bzfn] u|l;t ab\lnb}g . b[9 / ultzLn :jkGg ul//x]sf dflg;x?nfO{ d]xgtaf6
:jfyL{ dgf]lj1fg km}lnFbf] 5 . bzf}F– b|i6f / c?nfO{ ;kgf b]vfpg ;Sg] ;Dej 5 eGg] phf{ egf{ ;Sb}gf}+ <
afFl8/x]sf] 5 . kb k|flKtsf] nflu h:tf];s ' } cg'lrt ;dfhdf :yflkt s]xL /fhgLltzf:qL, / b]vfpg] ljrf/, gLlt sfo{qmd / lgM;Gb]x ;S5f}F, ;Sg'k5{ . PsLs[t
;Demf}tf klg ug{ tof/ x'g] ;+;bLo /Q]plnn] n]vs a'l4hLlj ljZn]ifsx? /fhgLltdf Ph]G8f af]s]sf] /fhg}lts kf6L{ / hgqmflGtn] Tof] k|oTg ul//x]sf] 5 .
cfPsf] r/d ljrngk|lt, ltvf] g]t[Tjn] dfq cfhsf] ljz[+vlnt cGtdf, dflyb] l v tn;Dd
gful/x?df v';L hlGdg] s'/} ePg . ca gofF cfnf]rssf] ?kdf k|:t't eP klg, ;fdflhs dgf]lj1fgdf pHofnf] eg{ jgdf/fsf] emf/h:t} df}nfPsf] r/d
/fhgLlts ;+:s[lt, cfr/0f / tYox?n] dfq /fhgLlts k|0ffnLn] lgDTofPsf] ljs[ltnfO{ ;Sb5, v';L kmsf{pg ;Sb5 . k|bl" ift e|i6 / bf]xgsf/L bnfn k'FhLjfbnfO{
gb]vfpg] k'FhLjfbL lrGtsx?sf] g]tT[ j / ljrf/xLg kf6L{x?af6 of] km}nfpg] v]ndf df}h'bf ;+;bLo
dflg;x?sf efjgf, wf/0ff, ljrf/ / :jQf]df ;d]t ;fdflhs k|efj 36\b} uPsf] 5 . tyflk ;Dej x'g] ljifo g} xf]Og . dflg;x?df /fhgLlts k|0ffnL ;Grfng ug]{ g]tT[ j
qmflGtsf/L v';Lsf] pT;fx el/g]5 . lg/fzf / c;Gt'li6 qmflGtsf/L ljZjf;df oL ;a} k|Zg ax;, dgf]lj1fg / ;+3if{sf] JofKt lg/fzf, c;Gt'li6 / cfqmf]zsf] d08nLx?aLr rsf]{ k|lt:kwf{ 5 .
3if{0fn] g]kfnL ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] ;+3f/df txn] ljrf/sf] ?kwf/0f gubf{;Dd o:tf] k|0ffnL / g]tT[ j d08nLn] cfh
?kfGtl/t x'bF } hfbf, df}hb' f ;Í6 xn ug]{ OGwgdf ab\lng] 5g\ . pkl:yt 5 . pHofnf] k|jfx ul//x]sf] phf{ klg g]kfnLx?nfO{ lg/fzf afFl8/x]sf] 5 .
To;}n] of] ;do k'h F LjfbLx?n] afF8s ] f b'Mv, kL8f v]k/] lanf}gf ub}{ lbg s6fpg] dfS;{ P+uN] ;n] ;g\ !*$* d} lbuf] x'g ;Sb}g . o:tf] phf{ lbuf] kb k|flKtsf] nflu h:tf];'s} cg'lrt
l8hfOg u/]sf] cfh;Dds} pTs[i6, agfpg ljrf/wf/fTds 6jf{Ogn] d'Vo ;Demf}tf klg ug{ tof/ x'g] ;+;bLo
;do x'bF } xf]Og . qmflGtsf gSsnL uLt ufP/, PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf lj?4 nfdf cy{/fhgLlts Joj:yf …j}1flgs e"ldsf v]Ng] eP klg b}lgs hLjgdf /Q]plnn] gful/x?df v';L hlGdg]
nfdf lgaGw n]Vb} rr{sf kfi6/n] h:tf] k|jrg e6\ofpFb} s't p7fP/ 7Ug] ;do klg ;dfhjfbÚsf] :yfkgf, k|of]u, ljsf; ef]u ul//xg' kg]{ ;d:of ufF;, af;, s'/} ePg . ca gofF /fhgLlts
/Iff / ?kfGt/0f ug{ g;s]s} sf/0f, skf;, lzIff, :jf:Yo ;~rf/ / ;+:s[lt, cfr/0f / tYox?n] dfq
of] xf]Og . /fhgLlts l;4fGt, Ph]G8f / cfkm}n F ] to u/]sf ;a} gf/fx?sf] ;d]t dflg;x¿ ax';s + 6sf] hfnf]df km:g' dgf]/~hgdf ;d]t klg pHofnf] eg]{ dflg;x?sf efjgf, wf/0ff, ljrf/ /
bfx;+:sf/ ul/;s]/ klg u'Dg yfn]sf] cfˆgf] j}ejsf] :ju{ arfpg km]l/ pg} gf/f k/]sf] oyfy{nfO{, j}1flgs tYo / 6jf{ O g vf] N g} kb{ 5 . o:tf :jQf]df ;d]t qmflGtsf/L v';Lsf]
ts{n] ;dfhnfO{ bLlIft ug}{ kb{5 . 6jf{Ogx?sf] …PsLs[t phf{ux[ Ú bz{g, pT;fx el/g]5 . lg/fzf / c;Gt'li6
e6\ofpFb} h:tf] ls nf]stGq, sDo'lg:6 / ;dfhjfbsf] c:t' af]s/] sf;L lxF8g\ ] tof/L ef}ltszf:qL cNa6{ cfOG:6fOgn] /fhgLlt, pTkfbg, ;+:s[lt ;a}lt/ qmflGtsf/L ljZjf;df ?kfGtl/t x'Fb}
ub}{ ;/sf/L x8\8L r':b} a:g] sf+u;]| , Pdfn] / dfs]n] vf]hs ] f] l;l08s]6jfnf ;d]t t !($( df ;dfhjfb lsg < eGg] gjLgtd vf]h ul//x]sf] ;dfh hfbf, df}h'bf ;Í6 xn ug]{ OGwgdf
af/]df ax; u/]sf lyP . k'FhLjfbn] lj1fgsf] g]kfnL ;+Zn]if0f PsLs[t ab\lng] 5g\ .
emg\ of] x'bF } xf]Og . clg ev{/} ag]sf] cf]nL–bfxfn– nfld5fg] ;/sf/sf] sS6]n cfly{s k|lt:kwf{sf sf/0f ;dfhdf hgqmflGt g} x'g ;S5 . To;}n] of] ;do k'FhLjfbLx?n]
kf6L{sf] /f]dfGrdf cndlng] ;do t emg\ k6Ss} xf]Og . c;dfgtf a9fPsf] cfOG:6fOgn] ef}ltszf:qLx? cfOG:6fOg / afF8]sf b'Mv, kL8f v]k]/ lanf}gf ub}{
atfPsf lyP, h'g @!cf}F ztfAbL;Dd DofS;Knª\n] a'em]sf] a|Xdf08sf] :y'n lbg s6fpg] ;do x'bF } xf]Og . qmflGtsf
cu' j f;F u } ;kgfs} dnfdL hfg a? cfqmf]z, 3[0ff, c;Gtf]if, lg/fzf dgf] ; fdflhs cj:yf / klg p:t} 5 . pgsf cg' ; f/ / ;"Id hutsf ultsf lgodx? gSsnL uLt ufP/, PsLs[ t
clezKt aGg' cfhsf k':tfsf] lgolt / /f]if dfq} 5 . pDd]bjf/x?n] ljsf; cy{/fhgLlts ;+s6n] ljZjfl;nf] ;dfhjfb ;fdflhs lje] b sf] Pscfk;df cGt/lj/f]w b]lvPkl5 hgqmflGtsf lj?4 nfdf nfdf lgaGw
h:tf] aGg uPsf] 5 . df} H bft / /f]huf/Lsf] Pg]:y]l;ofdf n7\ofP/ lgsf; vf]lh/x]sf], hgefjgfsf] cGTotkm{ nlIft x' g ' k 5{ . sf/0f vf] H b} hfF b f km] l / csf{ n]Vb} rr{sf kfi6/n] h:tf] k|jrg
;Qfk|lt c;Gt'li6, ljt[i0ff, cfqmf]z ef]6 SofKr/ ug]{ cleofg rnfP klg k'gtf{huL ug]{ cj;/ ldn]sf] 5 . ef}ltszf:qL cfOG:6fOGn] @) cf}F ef}ltszf:qL xlsª\n] a'em] –csf]{ s'g} e6\ofpFb} s't p7fP/ 7Ug] ;do klg
/ 3[0ffsf :j/x? ljleGg ¿kdf k|s6 pgL nl¶g] ;+s]t b]lvPsf] 5}g . a? ulx/f] hgk|lzIf0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ztfAbLd} clgjfo{ b] l v;s] s f] lgod x'gk' 5{ . To;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ of] xf]Og . /fhgLlts l;4fGt, Ph]G8f
eP/ lrof rf}tf/L ;fj{hlgs :yn zf;sx?nfO{ ufnL ub}{ lrnuf8Ldf ;dfhsf] cj:yf / dgf]lj1fg k9\bf …j}1flgs ;dfhjfbÚ nfO{ clxn]sf pgn] …Yof]/L ckm Ple|lyªÚ NofP . / cfkm}Fn] to u/]sf ;a} gf/fx?sf]
/ ;fdflhs ;Ghfnsf leQf x'Fb} r9\ g ] lbg glhs} cfOk' u ] s f] n ] dflg;x? ax';s + 6sf] hfnf]df km:b} k'FhLjfbL lrGts / zf;sx?n] () On]S6«f] – DofUg]l6s j]E;df cfwfl/t ;d]t bfx;+:sf/ ul/;s]/ klg u'Dg
Jofn]6 aS;;Dd k'Ubf klg kl/jt{gsf] emf]nflemD6L s:g xtf/ e};s]sf] 5 . uPkl5, ax'?kL ax;df tflgPsf 5g\ . sf] bzsdf Oltxf; ag]sf] ;f]leot SjfG6d Yof}/L / hg/n l/n]l6le6L yfn]sf] cfˆgf] j}ejsf] :ju{ arfpg
;kgf ;fy{s agfpg] csf]{ gofF ;kgf b]zd} /f]huf/L kfpg g;Sg'sf] kL8f klxnf]–;dfhn] x/ ;}4flGts ;dfhjfbsf] gsf/fTds pbfx/0f tyf Yof}/L ckm u|fle6];gaf6 SjfG6d km]l/ pg} gf/f e6\ofpFb} h:tf] ls
/ phf{sf] vf]hL e}/x]sf] 5 . cfqmf]z / pgsf] cGt/dgdf 5rlNsP klg cjwf/0ffsf] , Jojxfl/stf k' l i6 k|:t't u/]/ /f]Sg] k|of; ul//x]sf u|fle6L eGg] zAb / cjwf/0ff NofP . nf]stGq, sDo'lg:6 / ;dfhjfbsf]
lg/fzfsf] nx/n] kl/jt{gsf] ;+st] af]s] cfˆgf] lg/fzf, c;Gt'li6, cfqmf]znfO{ vf]hs ] f] 5 . o:tf] k'i6\ofOF ;dfhjfbL 5g\ . xf], xfdLn] k9]sf] ;dosf] o;sf] ljleGg k|of]u / k/LIf0f hf/L c:t' af]s]/ sf;L lxF8\g] tof/L ub}{
klg o:tf ljleGg pkqmd bf]xf]l//xg] /fhgLlts ljb|f]xdf nfda4 agfpg cleoGtfx?sf] kmf}hn] dfq ug{ ;Sg] ;dfhsf] k'/fgf] syf eGbf xfd|f] g} 5 . 7" n 7" n f cflj:sf/x? ;/sf/L x•L r':b} a:g] sf+u; ]| , Pdfn]
t/ /fhgLlts lgsf;df vf; of]ubfg kfl/jfl/s Joj:yfkg, lzIffbLIff, a[4 b]lvG5 . bf];|f]–;dfhjfbL af6f]df ;dosf] ef] u fOdf lgs} cGt/ cjwf/0ffsf] ?kdf hlGdG5g\ kl5 y'k}| / dfs]n] vf]hs ] f] l;l08s]6jfnf ;d]t
gk'Ug] k6\of/ nfUbf] dgf]lj1fgdf cfhsf] afcfdfsf] ag]/ t]l;{P kl5sf] cfˆgf] lxF8fpg ;Sg] lsl;dsf] af}l4s ax; kl/;s] s f] 5 t/ n' 6 ] / f zf;g cg';Gwfg ub}{ uPkl5 aNn Tof] t emg\ of] x'Fb} xf]Og . clg ev{/}
;dfh ?dlnPsf] h:tf] 5 . afWotf, pgn] bf]xf]¥ofO–bf]xf]¥ofO / lrGtg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;n] dfq Joj:yfnfO{ gi6 ug{ ;dfhjfbsf] l;4fGtdf kl/0ft x'G5 . cfh klg :y'n ag] s f] cf] n L–bfxfn– nfld5fg]
hLjGt ;kgfsf] vf] h L elg/x]sf 5g\ . s[lif, n3' pBf]usf] ;dfhjfbsf] ofqf ;xh b]lvG5 . af6f] glxF8L ;'v} 5}g . l:ylt s:tf] a|Xdf08 / ;'Id hutsf] ljsf;sf ;/sf/sf] sS6]n kf6L{sf] /f]dfGrdf
kª\ltsf/ ;+;bLo r'gfj vf/]h ;+efjgf gePsf] t xf]Og t/ xftdf t];|f]–pTkfbgdf a[l4, /f]huf/L / 5 eg] /fhgLltdf b]lvPsf] s:d]l6s lgodx?sf] lg/Gt/ cg';Gwfg / cndlng] ;do t emg\ k6Ss} xf]Og .
ug]{ Ph]G8f af]s]/ ;Nofg ?s'dsf 7]nf a;fP/ sfd ug{ klg pTkfbgzLn cfTdlge{/ cleofgdf ghf]l8P/ /f]ugsf] ljiff0f'x?sf] k|efj hgtf;Dd ;+Zn]if0fsf] qmd rln/x]s} 5g\ . of] ;do t e'dG8nLs[t k'FhLjfb /
ljleGg a:tLdf k' u ] / gful/s hldg} gePkl5 / Joj;fo ug]{ k'h F Lsf] qmflGt / ;dfhjfbsf] cfblz{s/0fn] klg plQs} b]lvG5 . d]l8sn efiffdf otf ;dfhlj1fgsf] If]qdf klg ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] bngn] rsf]{ kL8f
cGt/lqmofdf ;xefuL ag] / hf]xf]g} gePkl5, s[lif clg n3' dfq clxn] s } cj:yfdf elgg] 8]lnl/od dgf]lj1fgn] cfhsf ;fdfh lj1fgsf j}1flgsx?n] cfˆgf] v] l k/x] s f dflg;x?nfO{ ;' v b
gful/ssf cledt ;'Gbf, dflg;x¿ pBf] u sf] s' / f pkb] z sf/Lsf /fhgLltk|ltsf] cfsif{0fdf a[l4 x'g] w]/} dflg;sf] wf/0ffdf af; u/]sf] ;dosf] ;dfhsf] ljZn] i f0f, eljiosf] ;+efjgf b]vfpg] ;do xf] .
g]kfnsf s'g} klg /fhgLlts kf6L{, pksf/d} ;Lldt h:tf 5g\ . utjif{ b] l vF b } g . rf} y f] – ;dfhjfbLx¿ 5 . oyfy{eGbf k/sf] dgf]lj1fg cGt/lj/f]w xn ug]{ lgodx?sf] ;'vb eljiosf] ofqfdf 8f]¥ofpg] ;do
ltgsf pDd]bjf/, ltgn] afF8\g] pTkflbt cb'jf, d"No / ahf/sf] ;dofg' s " n cfddfG5] s f ;lqmo x' g ] cj:yfnfO{ ;+Zn]if0f k|of]u / kl/If0f u/] clg xf] . ;+;bLo efuaG8f / n'6tGqLo
cfZjf;g, kfq, kf6L{ ;a}k|lt 3[0ff cefjdf v]/ uPsf] k5'tf]n] pgsf] cfjZostfx¿;Fu cfˆgf /fhgLlts dgf] l rlsT;fzf:qdf 8] l nl/od sof}+ ljifodf eljiosf] k|If]k0f u/] …dw'/;Ú afF8b\ } xlgd'g dgfO/x]sfx?
dfq ul//x]sf 5g\ . oxfF;Dd ls dg etetL kf]ns ] f] kf]No} 5 . af/Ldf sfo{;"rLnfO{ Psfsf/ ug{ g;s]sf elgF b f] / x] 5 . bnfn k' F h Ljfbn] h'g cfhsf] ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] ult lj?4 b'Gb'le ahfpg] ;do xf] .
xfdLn] b] v fO/x] s f] j} 1 flgs n6/Dd kmn]sf ;'Gtnf 7]s]bf/n] #) sf/0f sdhf] / ePsf x' g \ of lgDTofPsf] ;+ s 6nfO{ j} 1 flgs a'‰g] / ;fdflhs cGt/lj/f]w xn …j}rfl/sÚ / …d'2fÚ b'j} k|s[ltsf]
;dfhjfbsf] ;kgfdf ;d]t klg ?k}ofF lsnf]df n'6g\ vf]Hbf a? af/Ld} k'hF Ljfbn] ;dfhjfbLx¿nfO{ lsgf/f ;dfhjfbn] dfq xn ug]{, oyfy{ ug{ ck'u e};s]sf 5g\ . of] cfhsf] /fhgLlts ax;sf] jftfj/0f / …:k];Ú
lglZrlGttf / hLjGttf vf]lh/x]sf] ktkt v;'g eGg] pgnfO{ hftL nufP/ xf]nf < of] ax; / dgf]lj1fg ga'em]/ c? dgf]lj1fgdf cNdlng] s'/f tYo xf] . of] tYoeGbf cGoq} 3'd]/ nfO{ lgld6\ofGg} kfg{ k|rf/ ul/Psf
oyfy{ st} l5k]sf] b]lvPg . xfdLn] nfu]sf] 5 . klg ;dfhdf hah{:t 5 . kfFrf}+– 8]lnl/od s} ;d:of h:tf] xf] . o:tf] ul/g] uGygn] ljsl;t ;dfhsf] ljleGg km] s Go' h sf] af9Laf6
k| : tfljt u/] s f cjwf/0ffx? cleofg rnfpFb} hfFbf Pshgf cfhsf] ;s6\sf] d"nsf/0f bnfn dgf]lj1fgnfO{ eljiod'vL ;kgfn] dfq ultzLntf a'‰g / cGt/lj/f]w xn dflg;x?nfO{ p2f/ ug]{ ;do xf],
Wofgk"j{s ;'g]/ s'/f l7s xf] eGb} sdl;{on a}s + sf hflu/] o'jfsf] 3/df k'h
F Ljfb ePsf] tYonfO{ afËf]l6Ëf] kfg{ k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;S5 . To;}n] ca km]l/ ug]{ Nofst /fVg} ;Sb}g . ljleGg :j/df pl7/x]sf laz[+vlnt
pxL k'/fg} kl/kf6Ldf ;xj/0f ug]{ k'luP5 . PdlaP ;Sb} u/]sf pgL cfOk'u]sf ljleGg nf]sk[otfjfbL rsf]{ :j/df eGg} k5{ . j}1flgs ljBdfg ;dfhsf ;"Id / :y'n ljb|f]xsf cfjfhnfO{ z[+vnfa4 ug]{
;fdflhs dgf] l j1fg 5/k:6 klxn]b]lv g} dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngaf6 ;d"xn] nufO/x]sf] Pg]:y]l;ofdf ;dfhjfb g} cfhsf] hLjGt ;kgf cGt/lj/f]wsf] ulx/f] cg';Gwfg kl5 ;do xf] . a/flnPsf] /fhgLltnfO{,
b]lvG5 . cGt/s[ofdf efu lnPsf k|lzlIft /x]5g\ . 8f]sf] a'Gg] ;Lk nl¶g]x?sf] ;+Vof klg pNn]v ug{ xf], dflg;x?sf] eljio xf] . oL cGt/lj/f]wnfO{ xn ug{ g]kfnaf6 j} r fl/s /fhgLltn] 8f] ¥ ofpF b }
;Nofg lqa]0fLsf *) jifL{o h]i7 klg l;s]sf pgL r'gfjL labfdf 3/ nfos g} 5 . 5}6f}+–;dfhjfbsf] ;Qf;F u ;kgf a] R g] x ?n] ljKnj sd/]8sf] g]t[Tjdf ;+Zn]if0f Ph]G8fnfO{ ljrf/df hf]8g\ ' kg]{ ;do
gful/s /]zd af]x/fn] ef]6 xfNbf cfPsf] df}sfdf cfh laxfg}bl] v 8f]sf] hLljt ;kgf af]s]/ klg ultzLn gful/sx¿nfO{ cflht agfpFb} nu]sf] ul/Psf] ;dfh lj1fgsf] gofF vf]h klg xf], ljb]zL x:tIf]k / u'nfdx?sf
xfNbf cf}7f lvOP klg clxn];Dd a'Gg] of]hgfdf tNnLg 5g\ . lgufnf] aGg g;s]sf] ljzfn dfgj ;fu/ sl7g ;dodf eljiod'vL ;kgfdf …PsLs[t hgqmflGtÚ xf] . of] @! cf}+ lj?4 hfu} a:g] ;do xf] . ljrf/ /
v';Lsf] cg'e"lt ug{ gkfP/} h'lg NofOk'¥ofPsf 5g\, ca rf]of sf8\b} ;dfhjfbs} vf]hLdf 5/k:6 5 . s]lGb|t ug]{ sfd ;lhnf] 5}g . tYo ztfAbLsf dxfgtd j}1flgs xlsª\n] Ph]G8fnfO{ cleofg / cfGbf]ngsf]
;lsof] eGb} ubf{, Oltxf;sf] cld6 ulkmg ;' ? ePsf] 5 . pgsf] ;ftf} + – d' 2 fdf cfwfl/t /fhgLlt of] xf] ls ;+;f/ ;kgf b]Vg] / ;kgf ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf] Yof]/L ckm Ple|lyª\ - ?kdf ljsf; ub}{ hgqmflGtnfO{ cufl8
lzIffnfO{ ;xefuLx?n] d'G6f] xNnfP/ cleJoQm efjgfdf /fhgLlts bn / df};dL g} x'G5 . h:tf] e|i6frf/ k"/f ug{ lxF8g\ ;Sg] dflg;x¿n] dfq ljZj–a|Xdf08sf] kbfy{sf] ultsf] a9fpg] ;do t emg\ x'bF } xf] . n'l6Psf
xf] xf] elg/x]sf lyP . ;Nofgsf] ltgsf g]tfdf cfPsf] r/d ljrng, lgoGq0f, ;'zf;g, ;:tf] lzIff :jf:Yo, agfpF5g\ . :ki6 5, ;kgf ;lhn} lgodnfO{ ;du|tfdf JofVof ug{ ;Sg] ;kgf kmsf{pbF ,} lg/fz dflg;x?df
sfk|fdf ;xefuL Ps @@ jifL{o :vng / ktgn] lgDTofPsf] ljs[ltn] cf/If0f h:tf d'2fx¿ /fhgLlts k" / f x' F b } g g\ . cljrlnt n8\ g ] lgod_ sf] tYout lgoddf 6]s/] ;'vb eljiosf] phf{ eg{ csf]{ gofF
gf}hjfgn] ev{/} hGdfPsf] aRrfsf] b] l vPsf] s' ? k t:jL/n] ;du| zlQm cfh{gsf dfWod aGg ;S5g\ . OR5fzlQm, nufj / k]lrnf] ;+3if{af6 ljsl;t ul/Psf] ;dfhlj1fgsf] gofF cleofg, ;+3if{ / cfGbf]ng ;Grfng
;'Gb/ eljiosf] ;kgf af]s]/ vf8L /fhgLltk|lt g} cljZjf;, 3[0ff, Tof] ljz'4 cleofgsf] /fhgLlt xf] . dfq ;kgf k"/f x'G5g\ . lgjf{xd'vL ;+Zn]if0f xf] . ultzLn ;dfhsf] ug]{ ;do xf] . …ax';s + 6Ú sf] hfnf]df
hfg kf;kf] 6 { uf] h Ldf /fv] / ljt[i0ff / ljlIfKttf dfq 5rlNsPsf] c9fO{ bzs otf ljZje/ g} o:tf] ;f]r / sfdn] u'hf/f t rNg ;S5 ax'cfoflds ;+Zn]if0f klg xf] . xf], kml;/x]sf dflg;x?nfO{ d'Qm ug]{
cGt/lqmofdf cfˆgf] cledt k|s6 5 . /fhgLlt1n] l;4fGtnfO{ ukm ug]{ /fhgLltn] ljz' 4 ljrf/sf] t/ eljio aGb}g . 1fg / lj1fgsf] vf]hL cgGt x'G5 . …PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf]Ú ;do xf] .
 4 @)&( ;fn df3 !% ut] cfOtaf/
;+;b\jfb / ;+zf]wgjfb g]kfnL qmflGtsf] vt/fgfs zq'
æljrf/wf/fTds / /fhg}lts
sfo{lbzf ;xL jf unt x'gn' ] ;a} s'/fsf]
lgwf{/0f ub{5 .Æ of] egfO j}1flgs 5,
To;sf/0f ;To 5 . oxL egfOnfO{
oflGqs / clwe"tjfbL 9+un] u|x0f ul/of]
eg] g t s'g} ;xL ljrf/wf/fsf] ljsf;
x'g ;S5, g Tof] jf:tljs Jojxf/df g}
nfu" x'g ;S5 . ;xL ljrf/wf/fnfO{
Jojxf/df k|of]u ug]{ ;xL ;+u7gfTds
l;4fGt, ;+/rgf / sfo{zn } Lsf] ljsf;
ePg eg] ljrf/åf/f ck]lIft kl/0ffd
xfl;n ug{ ;lsFbg} . lg/Gt/ ultsf]
;du| cgGt k|jfxdf ljrf/ cfkm}F /
To;sf] k|of]usf] ljlw / dfGotfx? klg
ljsf;zLn / ultzLn x'g' clgjfo{
5 . jf:tljs Jojxf/df ;fdfGotM
j:t'sf] ljsf;sf t'ngfdf dflg;sf]
r]tgf kl5 kg]{ ub{5 . j:t' / r]tgfsf]
oxL cGt/lj/f]waf6 ljleGg k|sf/sf
dgf]utjfbL ljrngx? k}bf x'g k'Ub5g\ .
dfn]dfjfbsf] ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtn] NofPsf]
Pp6f dxfg\ qmflGt ;f/tM j:t' /
r]tgfaLrsf] cGtlj{/f]w xn ug]{ j}1flgs
ljlw k|bfg ug{' xf] . åGåfTds tyf
P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbsf ?kdf ;+Zn]lift
Tof] lj1fgnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ lrGtg /
k|of]ustf{ :jod\ ultzLn, l;h{gzLn
/ j}1flgs x'g' clgjfo{ x'G5 . g]kfndf
dfn]dfjfbsf] ;fj{ef}d l;4fGtsf] oxfFsf]
ljlzi6tfdf k|of]u u/]sf]n] hgo'4 Pp6f
prfOdf k'¥ofOlbof] . g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{
?kfGt/0f ug]{ cfzf–e/f];f ul/Psf
kfqx?af6 s]xL wf]sf eof] . o;
;Gbe{df ;jf{lws dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg cfh
km]l/ xfd|f] sfFwdf cfPsf] 5 Tof] xf]
PsLs[ t hgqmflGtåf/f ljsl;t
ljrf/wf/fTds ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{'
xf] . oxfF s] s'/fnfO{ ulx/f];uF cfTdf;ft
ug{ h?/L 5 eg] nfvf}F hg;d'bfosf]
;xeflutf, xhf/f}+ xhf/ g]tf–sfo{stf{sf
gfddf nufOPsf em'6fd'2f Tofu, tk:of
/ alnbfgsf clåtLo sLlt{dfgx? v8f
ub}{ oxfF;Dd cfOk'us ] f] xfd|f] PsLs[t
hgqmflGtn] xfd|f lxhf]sf ljrf/, lrGtg,
sfo{zn } L / cfr/0fnfO{ ckof{Kt /
‘sd/]8’ zAbsf] pTklQ / cy{
…sd/]8Ú zAb :k]lgz efiffsf]
sfdf/f8faf6 cfPsf] xf] . h;sf] zflAbs
cy{ sf]7fdf ;Fu} a:g] ;fyL x'G5 .
sd/]8 zAbn] /fhgLlts /ª k|mfG;]nL
qmflGtaf6 kfof] . ;dfhjfbL /
dhb'/x¿aLr ;Djf]wg ug{sf nflu
lk|o zAb aGof]– sd/]8 . o'/f]kdf sd/]8
zAb pGgfO;f}F ztfAbLdf lgs} rNtLdf
lyof] . ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ng;Fu} sd/]8
zAbsf] k|of]u /fhgLlts j[Qdf Jofks
ePsf] xf] . ef/tsf g]x¿b]lv g]kfnL
sfFu;]| sf ;+:yfks ljkL sf]O/fnfsf
nflu sfd/]8 cfˆg} hftsf] zAb lyof] .
sd/]8 zAbsf] ;fOgf] ?;L efiff;Fu
5}g . t/, o;sf] ljZjJofkLs/0f /
sDo'lg:6Ls/0fsf nflu ?;L qmflGtsf]
d'Vo xft 5 . ;f]leot qmflGtsf/Lx¿
Pscsf{nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ tafl/;
zAbsf] k|of]u uy]{ . 5f]6s/Ldf 6f]e
elgGYof] . ;f]leot qmflGt ;Da4 n]v,
/rgf, b:tfj]h, efif0f cflbdf tafl/;
zAbsf] k|of]u gePsf] ;fob} e]l6Pnf .
sDo'lg:6x¿sf] aGg k'Uof] . cfh
ljkLsf cg'ofoL sf]xL sFu; ]| hgnfO{
;+sL0f{ ;fljt ub}{ nUof] . o;nfO{ xfdLn]
;xL 9ªn] cufl8 a9fpg ;s]g eg]
km]l/ csf]{ ;d:of g lglDtnf eGg
;lsFbg . clxn] kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngdf
b'Oj{ 6f k|jl[ tx? ;r]t jf cr]t ?kdf
Pscfk;df 6q\ m fO/x] s f 5g\ .
;sf/fTds jf qmflGtsf/L k|jl[ Qn]
;Gtf]if ;L
cfk"mnfO{ gofF ljrf/sf] dfucg';f/
abNg] k| o Tg ul//x] s f] 5 eg]
gsf/fTds jf cj;/jfbL k|jl[ Qn] cfˆgf]
:jfy{cg';f/ ljrf/nfO{ 9fNg] hdsf]{
ul//x]sf] 5 . ljrf/cg';f/ ;+u7g /
;+:s[lt jf ;+u7g / ;+:s[ltcg';f/
ljrf/ < of] k|Zg olta]nf sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ leq dxTjk"0f{ k|Zg ePsf] 5 .
lglZrt ?kdf qmflGtsf/Lx?sf] k|oTg
gofF ljrf/cg';f/ ;+u7g / ;+:s[lts
?kfGt/0fsf nflu ;+3if{ ug]{ x'gk' b{5 .
j}rfl/s z'4Ls/0f ;+u7gfTds /
;f+:s[lts z'4Ls/0f;Fu hf]l8Pg eg]
ToxfF cGt/lj/f]w k}bf x'g' lgtfGt
:jfefljs aGg hfG5 . xfdL
qmflGtsf/Lx?n] cfˆgf] Wofg ca
;+u7gfTds / ;+:s[lts z'4Ls/0fdf
s]Gb|Lt ug{ h?/L 5 .
@!cf}F ztfAbLsf] jt{dfg r'gf}tLk"0f{
kl/l:yltdf qmflGtsf] g]tT[ j ul//x]sf]
xfd|fh
] :tf] kf6L{sf g]tf– sfo{stf{x?sf]
b[li6lIflth Jofks / km/flsnf]
gkf/Lsg PsLs[t hgqmflGtnfO{
;kmntf;Dd k'¥ofpg ;Dej 5}g . t/,
sd/]8 elgof] eg] p;sf] ;fdfGotof
hjfkm x'G5 – d sd/]8 xf]Og . cyf{t\
d sDo'lg:6 xf]Og . sd/]8 zAbsf] d"nd}
kmsf}+{ . sf]7fdf ;Fu} a:g] ;fyL cyf{t\
cfˆgf] ;'v–b'Mv lgj{:q ¿kdf b]vs ] f]
dbf{ kbf{ ;a}eGbf a9L sfd nfUg] ldq
dgaxfb' / ;xsf/L
eGg] cy{ lyof], sd/]8sf] . /fHo
Joj:yfcg';f/ ;Djf]wgsf nflu ljleGg
zAbsf] k|of]u x'GYof] jf x'g] u5{ . /fhf
/ /}tLnfO{ ug]{ ;Djf]wgdf km/s, wgL /
ul/asf nflu ul/g] ;Djf]wgdf km/s,
ln+ucg';f/ ;Daf]wgdf km/s cyf{t\
;Djf]wgd} dfG5]sf] cf}sft emNsfpg]
g]kfnL ;dfh;sf] cToGt bnfn
k'h
F LjfbL cj:yfsf] pTkfbg ;DaGwsf
sf/0f lgud k'h F LjfbL ;+sL0f{tf o;sf]
;f+:s[lts ljz]iftf /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .
kf6L{df ;+sL0f{tf / c/fhstfsf] juL{o
h/f g]kfnL ;dfhsf] oxL lk5l8Psf]
pTkfbg ;DaGw;Fu ufFl;Psf] 5 .
;j{xf/fjuL{o ;fd"lxstfsf] j}1flgs
dxTjnfO{ bnfn k'h F Ljfbn] cfTd;ft
ug}{ ;Sb}g .
/fHo;Qf juL{o clwkTosf] ;fwg
xf] . ju{;3+ if{sf] dfWodåf/f ;j{xf/fju{
cfˆgf] ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj sfod ug{
k|oTg u5{ . k|ltlqmofjfbLx? ljBdfg
k|ltlqmofjfbL bnfn ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf
slyt r'gfjsf] kfv08L gf6s d+rg
u/L oflGqs ax'dt sfod u/L
ax';+Vos zf]lift ju{dfly zf;g
rnfpF5 . æax'dts} OR5f ;jf]k{ l/Æ /
ax'dtsf] clGtd lg0f{o eGg] ;f]r
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngleq s= n]lggsf]
hdfgfdf k|v/ ?kdf cufl8 cfof] .
Tof] ;f]r cflv/df ;+zf]wgjfbL ;f]r
lyof] / n]lggn] To;sf] lj?4 lgd{d
;+3if{ ug{'eof] . ;+;bLo r'gfjsf]
pkof]usf] ;Gbe{df lgs6 ePsf] Tof]
;f] r n] ju{ ; Qf k| f lKtsf nflu
ju{;3+ if{eGbf klg r'gfjåf/f ax'dtl;4
u/fpg k|oTg ug]{ / To;}sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df
/dfpg] k|jl[ Q sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf klg
cufl8 cfof] . To;n] Psflt/ ju{;3+ if{
uf}0f aGg uof] . csf]l{ t/ an k|of]usf]
l;4fGt c:jLsf/ uTof] . To;} sf/0f !(%^
sf] ?;L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] ;+zf]wgjfbL
lg0f{osf] ;dy{g ub}{ zflGtk"0f{ af6f]
cg';/0f ug{ k'us ] f k'jL{ o'/f]k;d]tsf
kf6L{sf] k'h
F LjfbL cj;fg eof] .
l;4fGt an k|of]usf] gLlt c:jLsf/
gu/]sf] kf6L{x? r'gfjdf uPsf 5g\ .
gLlt cfˆgf] 7fpFdf 5 t/ Jojxf/ Tof]
gLltsf] l7s ljk/Lt ePsf] 5 .
r'gfjLwGbfn] an k|of]u ug]{ ;f]r
;dembf/L / tof/L qmdzM uf}0f
dxTjxLg / kl5 kb}{ uPsf] 5}g, qmdzM
;z:q ;+3if{kl| t pbf;Lgtf / ljt[i0ff
zAbsf] k|of]u ;dfhdf lyP jf 5g\ .
;dfhjfbL x'g\ ls sDo'lg:6x¿
;Djf]wgd} x'g] lje]b ?rfpFbg} y] . To;}n]
ju{, hft, cf}sft, ln+u s]xL g5'6fpg]
sd/]8 zAbnfO{ k|ultzLnn] k5\ofP .
…sd/]8Úsf] ;fdfGo cy{ ;fyL, bfFt} /L
jf ldq xf] . ljsf;sf qmddf o; zAbn]
ljlzi6 cy{ jxg u/]sfn] kl5 cfP/
of] zAb Pp6} p2]Zo / nIo af]s/]
lxF8s
] f / sDo'lg:6 kf6L{df nfu]sf
JolQmnfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{ k|of]u ug{
yflnof] . sDo'lg:6 kf6L{df nfu]sf ;a}
;b:o ;dfg dflgg] x'bF f Pscsf{nfO{
;Daf]wg ubf{ ;dfgtf af]ws zAb
sd/]8 -;fyL_ sf] k|of]u ul/Psf] xf] .
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{df s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf
cWoIfb] l v tNnf] sld6Lsf
;b:o;Ddsf ;a} ;b:onfO{ sd/]8
eg]/ ;Daf]wg ul/G5 . …sd/]8Ú zAbn]
;dfgtf / ;Ddfg b'j} hgfpF5 .
sDo'lg:6 sDo'lgHdsf] cg'ofoLnfO{
sDo'lg:6 elgG5 . …sDo'gÚ af6
sDo'lgHd / sDo'lg:6 ag]sf] xf] .
…sDo'gÚ eg]sf] ;femf v]tL–kftL, ;femf
a9\b} uPsf] 5 . of] ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf
efu lnPkl5 a9\b} uPsf] j}olQms x|f;
/ ljrng xf] . ju{ ;+3if{sf] j}1flgs
dfGotfdfly ;'Jojl:yt ?kn] cfqmd0f
ug]{ / k|ltqmflGtsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{
;+ z f] w gjfbLx? qmdz jG;{ l 6g,
sfpT:sL, v'Z| r]e, uf]jf{rf]j, No' ;fcf]
lr / t]ª l;ofcf] lkª g} x'g .
jG;{l6gn] k'h
F Ljfbdf zflGtk"0f{ ?kn]
;dfhjfbdf ljsf; x'g] s'/f atfpFb}
ju{;3+ if{sf] l;4fGt dfly 3g 7f]Sg] sfd
u/] . pgn] cufl8 eG5g\ æca xfdL
ef]6åf/f k|bz{gåf/f / To:t} bafasf
tl/sfåf/f ;'wf/ xfl;n ug]{5f}F .Æ
jG;{l6gsf] Tof] ;f]rfOnfO{ sfplT:sn]
emg\ cufl8 a9fpFb} eG5g\ æ/fhgLlts
;+3if{sf] xfd|f] p2]Zo ;+;b\df ax'dt
NofP/ ;+;b\nfO{ ;/sf/sf] dflnsdf
abn]/ /fHo;Qf lng' xf] . æax'dtjfbLÆ
x?n] ax'bnLo hgjfbsf] gfddf
r'gfjdf ax'dtl;4 u/]/ cfˆgf] zlQm
k|bz{g ug{ ckgfpg] tl/sf / sfobfn]
ju{;3+ if{sf] l;4fGtnfO{ ;dfKt ub}{
nu]sf] b]lvG5 . o; ;Gbe{df n]lggsf]
of] egfOn] cToGt} dxTj /fVb5 . n]lgg
eGg'xG' 5– ævfnL 7ux? / d'vx{ ?n] dfq
l;Rg ;S5g\ ls ;j{xf/fju{n] k'h F Lklt
ju{sf] tfgfzfxLd'lg jf Hofnf bf;tfsf]
h'jfd'lg u/fOg] r'gfjdf ax'dt k|fKt
ug{k' 5{ / To;kl5 dfq} ;Qf xfl;n
ug{'k5{ . of] d"v{tf jf kfv08sf]
k/fsfi7f xf] . of] k'/fgf] k|0ffnLcGtu{t
/ k'/fgf] ;Qfd'lg x'g] r'gfjåf/f ju{;3+ if{
/ qmflGtnfO{ lj:yflkt u/fpg' xf] .
æcfh g]kfndf klg sDo'lg:6 x'F eGg]
kf6L{x? Pdfn], dfn], PsLs[t g]skf
dfcf]jfbL, ;d]tsf r'gfjL kf6L{x?n]
v'nf, k|i6 / gfËf] ¿kdf v'Z| r]jL
;+zf]wgjfbL jsfnt u/]sf 5g\ . t/,
csf]l{ t/ dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb– dfcf]jfb,
gofF tl/sfn] qmflGt ;z:q ;+3if{sf]
s'/f ug]{ / Jojxf/df km]l/ pxLF v'Z| r]eL
wf/ kqm]/ cufl8 a9g] ;+;b\jfb /
;+zf]wgjfbn] ks8 hdfpFb} uPsf] 5 .
of] g]kfnL qmflGtsf] uDeL/ vt/f xf] .
pTkfbg, ;dfg ljt/0f / pTkflbt
j:t'df ;femf :jfldTj /x]sf] ;d'bfo
jf hgkb xf] . o:tf] ;d'bfo jf hgkb
ePsf] ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] pRrtd
cj:yf sDo'lgHd xf] . pTkfbgsf
;fwgdfly ;fj{hlgs :jfldTj /xg] x'bF f
o; Joj:yfdf k| T o] s JolQmn]
Ifdtfcg' ; f/sf] sfd /
cfjZostfcg';f/sf] bfd kfpF5g\ /
ToxfF ;a} vfnsf] zf]if0f ;dfKt eO{
;fDo l:ylt /xG5 . sDo'lgHddf
;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj, ju{ljxLg
;fdflhs Joj:yf, zf/Ll/s / af}l4s
>dsf aLr ;dfgtf Pj+ /fi6«–/fi6«sf
aLr aGw' T jsf] efjgf /xG5 .
sDo'lgHdnfO{ ;dfhdf :yflkt ug{
rfxg], zf]if0f, bdg / cGofo–cTofrf/
Pj+ lghL ;DklQsf] lj/f]w ug],{ ;fd"lxs
pTkfbg k4lt, ;fd"lxs hLjg /
;dfgtfdf ljZjf; ug],{ dfS;{jfbL
n]lggjfbL j}1flgs ljrf/ wf/fdf b[9
/x]sf], ;j{xf/fju{sf] kf6L{sf] ;fd"lxs
cg'zf;gdf /xg] qmflGtsf/LnfO{
sDo'lg:6 elgG5 .
¿;–o'qm]g o'4df & xhf/ hgfsf]
d[To' !! xhf/ hgf 3fOt] Û
sf7df8f}F . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ pRr cfo'Qmsf] sfof{no -
o"PgPr;Lcf/_ n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] Ps k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ¿; / o'qm]gaLr
hf/L o'4df xfn;Dd em08} & xhf/ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] !! xhf/ hgf
3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . o"PgPr;Lcf/n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] Ps k|ltj]bgcg';f/
;g\ @)@@ sf] km]ac '| /L @$
b]lv ;g\ @)@# hgj/L @
;Dd !& xhf/ (($ hgf
gful/s k|ToIf k|efljt ePsf
5g\ . To;dWo] ^ xhf/ gf} ;o
!( hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg]
!! xhf/ &% hgf 3fOt] ePsf
5g\ . o" P gPr;Lcf/sf]
k|ltj]bgcg';f/ d[To' ePsf ^
xhf/ gf} ;o !( hgfdWo] k'?if
b'O{ xhf/ &#& hgf, dlxnf
Ps xhf/ *$@ hgf, o'jtL
!&% hgf / o'js @!^ hgf
5g\ . To:t} afnaflnsf #* hgf 5g\ eg] Ps xhf/ (!! lszf]/÷lszf]/Lsf]
n}+lus kl/ro v'Ng ;s]sf] 5}g .
To:t} 3fOt] ePsf s'n !! xhf/ &% hgfdWo] k'?if b'O{ xhf/ $)! hgf,
dlxnf Ps xhf/ &@( hgf, o'jtL @## hgf / o'js #@! / afnaflnsf
@%$ hgf 5g\ eg] ^,!#& hgf lszf]/÷lszf]/Lsf] n}+lus kl/ro v'Ng
;s]sf] 5}g . k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/ ¿;n] sAhf hdfPsf] elgPsf] 8f]g]:s /
n'xgf:s If]qdf 3fOt] / d[To' x'g]sf] ;+Vof hf]8\bf gf} xhf/ &#^ k'U5 .
To;dWo] rf/ xhf/ ^@ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] kfFr xhf/ ^&$ hgf
3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . To:t} o'qm]gdf cfˆg} ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0f /x]sf] If]qdf
3fOt] tyf d[tssf] ;+Vof ;ft xhf/ ^)) /x]sf] 5 . To;dWo] tLg xhf/
%&^ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] rf/ xhf/ @$ hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .
/l;og ;]gfn] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf If]qdf b'O{ xhf/ !#^ hgf xtfxt ePsf]df
$*^ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] Ps xhf/ ^%) hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .
o;afx]s o'qm]gsf] d'Vo ;x/ lse, r]s; { L, r]lg{e, Oefgf]–k|mflGsE:s, vf/lva,
v]/;f]g, ls/f]ef]xf{8, ldsf]nfOe, cf]8L;f, ;'dL, hfkf]l/hhfOof, lgk|fk] 6] f« E] :s,
vd]NgLT;sL, kf]N6fef, l/Eg], 6]gf]l{ kn, leGgoT;Lof, eflng / hfonf]ld/ hxfF
;/sf/sf] lgoGq0f /x]sf] If]qdf 3fOt] tyf d[To' x'gs ] f] ;+Vof cf7 xhf/ @%*
/x]sf] 5 . To;dWo] b'O{ xhf/ *%& hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] kfFr xhf/
$)@ hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .
o"PgPr;Lcf/n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ut jif{sf] l8;]Da/df
dfq} d[To' x'g] / 3fOt] x'g]sf] ;+Vof *)! hgf /x]sf] 5 . To;dWo] !**
hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . d[To' x'g]df k'?if *@ hgf, dlxnf $) hgf, o'js $
hgf / ^@ hgf n}+lus kl/ro gv'n]sf lszf]/lszf]/L /x]sf 5g\ . o:t}
3fOt] ePsf ^!# hgfdf k'?if !@& hgf, dlxnf !)% hgf, o'jtL !% hgf,
o'js !) hgf, afnaflnsf $ hgf 5g\ eg] #%@ hgf lszf]/lszf]/Lsf]
n}+lus kl/ro v'n]sf] 5}g .
¿;åf/f o'qm]gnfO{ ;}Go ;fdu|L lbg]
b]znfO{ lgzfgf agfpg] r]tfjgL
sf7df8f}F . gf6f]n] o'qm]gnfO{ cTofw'lgs o'4 ;fdu|L pknAw u/fP/ cd]l/sf
/ o'/f]k k|ToIf ¿kdf o'4df ;+nUg ePsf] cf/f]k ?;n] nufPsf] 5 . cd]l/sf,
hd{gL / a]nfotn] o'qm]gnfO{ cfˆgf cTofw'lgs ;}Go 6\of+s lbg] lg0f{o u/]kl5
?;L /fi6«klt sfof{nosf k|jQmf lbldqL k];sf]jn] ?; lj?4 n8\g klZrdf
b]zx?n] cTofw'lgs xltof/ lbg' o'4df l;w} ;+nUg x'g' ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ .
cTofw'lgs o'4 ;fdu|L lbg' k|ToIf o'4df ;xefuL x'g' xf]Og eGg] jfl;ª\6g /
o'/f]k]nLx?sf] ts{ xf:of:kb /x]sf] k|jQmf k];sf]jsf] ts{ 5 . pgLx? o'4df
k|ToIf cfO/x]sf] ;d]t pgsf] egfO 5 . ?;L /fi6«klt Enflbld/ k'l6gsf
k"j;
{ Nnfxsf/ ;u]O{ { sf/fufgf]jn] klg gf6f]n] cTofw'ls ;}Go 6\of+s o'qm]gnfO{
lbP/ klZrdfx? v'nf ?kdf ?;–o'qm]g åGådf ;+nUg ePsf] bfjL u/]sf 5g\ .
casf] lgzfgf pgLx¿lj¿4 klg x'g;Sg] pgn] r]tfjL ;d]t lbPsf 5g\ .
tflnjfgn] dlxnf sd{rf/LnfO{ 5'§} sfg"g agfpg]
sf7df8f}F . ckmuflg:tfgsf] tflnjfg ;/sf/n] 3/ aflx/ sfd ug]{
dlxnfx?sf nflu 5'§} sfg"g agfP/ sfd ug{ lbg] cfZjf;g /fi6«;+3Lo
clwsf/Lx?nfO{ lbPsf] 5 . sfa'ndf tflnjfg clwsf/Lx?;Fu jftf{ u/]kl5
dfgjtfsf nflu /fi6«;+3Lo pkdxf;lrj dfl6{g lu|lkmY;n] cfk"m pT;flxt
ePsf] eGb} l5§} ckmufg dlxnfx? sfddf lg:sg kfpg] ljZjf; AoQm
u/]sf 5g . vf;u/L dfgjLo If]qdf dlxnfx?nfO{ sfd ug{ lbg] ;+s]t
tflnjfgn] u/]sf] lu|lkmY;n] atfP . dlxnfx?nfO{ pRr lzIffdf ;d]t
k|ltaGw nufPsf] tflnjfgn] ljb]zL u}/;/sf/L If]qdf sfo{/t dlxnfx?nfO{
klg sfddf hfg k|ltaGw nufPsf] 5 . h;sf sf/0f :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt
/fi6«;+3Lo sfo{qmdx? klg k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf b'O{ ;ftfdf
lr;f]n] !@% a9L ckmufgLx?sf] Hofg uO;Sbf klg s'g} klg u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfnfO{ ;xof]u afF8\g hfgaf6 /f]lsPsf] 5 .
 @)&( ;fn df3 !% ut] cfOtaf/
plxn]sf / clxn]sf sDo'lg:6
JolQmut ;DklQsf] pTklt
ePb]lv g} ;dfhdf ju{ ljefhg
eof] . ju{ ljefhg;Fu} ;dfhdf
;DkGg / alnof] ju{n] lakGg /
sdhf]/ ju{ dfly cGofo, cTofrf/,
vu]Gb| 5GTofn
plxn]sf sDo'lg:6x?n] Pscfk;df
juL{o k|d] , :g]x, cfb/–;Ddfg / clt
ljZjf; ub{y] / pgLx? eGy] /utsf]
gftfeGbf ljrf/sf] gftf alnof]
x'G5 . t/, clxn]sf sDo'lg:6x?
Pscfk;df wf]sf, u2f/L, 3ft–k|lt3ft
/ cGt3f{t ub{5g\ . lhZjf; s;}sf]
s;}dfly b]lvFbg} / pgLx? eG5g\
cfhsn ljZjf; s;}sf] x'bF g} Û
;f]xLg';f/ pgLx? x/]sn] x/]s dfly
æo'h P08 y|fÆ] sf] gLlt k|of]u u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . plxn]sf sDo'lg:6x? k|d] ,
of}g / ljjfxnfO{ Pslg:7 7fGy] / ;f]xLg';f/ ;Ddfg ub{y] . ;f]eGbf km/s
k|sf/sf k|d] , of}g / ljjfxnfO{ cg}lts 7fGy] / s;}n] To; k|sf/sf] cg}lts
sfo{ u/]df Tof] s'/f 7"nf] cg'zf;gsf] ljifo aGYof] t/ clxn]sf
sDo'lg:6x?sf] ax'kd]| L–k|l] dsf, ax'of}g ;fyL dfq xf]Og ax'ljjfx g} ePsf] hlt
klg b]lvG5g\, Tolt dfq xf]Og clxn]sf sDo'lg:6x? cs}s
;dfhdf b'ªb\ ª ' t\ L uGxfpFb} hf]l8P/ lxF8s] f] klg y'k}| b]lvG5g\ . plxn]sf
sDo'lg:6x?n] zf]if0f, bdg, cGofo, cTofrf/ / e|:6frf/nfO{ ;dfhdf
b]lv;xFbg} y] t/ clxn]sf sDo'lg:6x? tL ;a cfkm}F ub{5g\ . yk la8Dagf t
s] xf] eg] clxn]sf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?df To:t} kfq / k|jl[ Qsf] babaf
b]lvG5 . ;+;f/ xNnfpFb} b'lgofFsf] cfwf efudf cfˆgf] /fHo;Qf lj:tf/ ug{
;kmn sDo'lg:6x? cfh /IffTds cj:yfdf k'Ug'sf] k|wfg sf/0f oxL xf] .
cfhsf sDo'lg:6x?n] hgtfsf] dg lht]/ cfˆgf] u'ds
Nofpg tyf yk lj:tf/ ug{sf lglDt pgLx? clxn]sf] h:tf] xf]Og plxn]sf]
h:tf] x'gk} b{5 .
zf]if0f, bdg / pTkL8g ug]{ k|rngsf]
;'? eof] . ;dosf] ult;Fu} of] k|rng
;xL jf unt < eGg]jf/]df ljjfb,
ax; / 5nkmn x'g yfn] . s;}n]
o;nfO{ unt, c:jefljs /
cgfjZos eGg yfn] eg] s;}n]
o;nfO{ l7s, :jefljs / cfjZos
dfq xf]Og eujfg\sf] b]g g} eg] .
o; k|sf/sf] k|rngnfO{ ;xL eGg]x?
o;sf] /Iff / lg/Gt/tfsf lglDt nfu]
/ o;nfO{ unt eGg]x? o;sf]
cGTosf] lglDt nfu] . unt eGg]x?
s} aLr klg cGt/lj/f]w k}bf eof] .
s]xLn] of] k|rng unt eotf klg
cGTo ;Dej x'bF g} eGg] lgisif{ lgsfn]
eg] s]xLn] o;sf] cGTo ;Dej 5
eGg] lgisif{ lgsfn] . cGTo ;Dej
5 eGg]x? s} aLr klg km]l/ s;/L /
s'g tl/sfn] o;sf] cGTo x'g\ ;S5 <
eGg]jf/] 7"nf 7"nf ljjfb, ax; /
5nkmn eP . oxL ax;, 5nkmns}
qmddf sfn{ dfS;{ / k|m8] l/s P+uN] ;n]
;g\ !*$* df sDo'lg:6 3f]if0ffkq
k|sfzg u/] . sDo'lg:6 3f]if0ffkq
dhb'/, lszfg, ;j{xf/f, ;'s'Djf;L
tyf ;Dk"0f{ d]xgtjz >dhLlj ju{sf]
d' l Qmsf] ;" q aGof] . sDo' l g:6
3f]if0ffkqn] ul/vfg] pTkLl8t ju{nfO{
cfˆgf] d'lQmsf lglDt ;+ul7t x'g\
l;sfof] . pgLx?sf] ju{a/} L / ju{aGw'
lrgfof] . pgLx?nfO{ sDo'lg:6 aGg
/ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ :yfkgf ug{ pTk|l] /t
dfq u/]g c;n sDo'lg:6 aGgsf]
lglDt sDo'lg:6 g}ltstfjf/] ;':ki6
lbzf lgb]z{ g klg u¥of] . ;+;f/e/sf
HofdL, lszfg, dhb'/ Pa+ ;j}
pTkLl8t / ckx]lnt hgx?n] cf–
cfˆgf If]q tyf e"uf]nx?df sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ tyf ;+u7gx? lgdf{0f ub}{
;+ u l7t x' F b } uP . kmn:j¿k,
sDo'lg:6 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|sfzg ePsf]
{ f] a'9f / cs}s
] f] ;fv / ;Qf lkmtf{
5f]6f] ;dod} ;+;f/sf] cfwfeGbf a9L
efudf sDo' l g:6x?n] cfˆgf]
/fHo;Qf :yfkgf u/] . t/, la8Dagf
sDo'lg:6 3f]if0ffkq k|sfzg ePsf]
cfh !&% jif{ k"/f x'Fb} ubf{ ;+;f/df
s/f]8f}F xf]Og c/af}F sDo'lg:6 ;b:ox?
ePtf klg sxLF, st} sDo'lg:6x?sf]
cfˆgf] /fHo;Qf 5}g . o;sf] sf/0f
s] xf] < cjZo ;+ ; f/e/sf
sDo'lg:6x?sf] lglDt of] lgSs} rf;f]
/ lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] .
s'g} klg rLhsf] ljsf; of
ljgf;sf lglDt aflx/L / leqL b'O{
sf/0f lhDd]jf/ x'g] ePtf klg aflx/L
sf/0f ;xfos / leqL sf/0f d'Vo
xf] . o;af/] dfcf]T;]t'ª\ eGg'x'G5
ærNnf pTkfbgsf] lglDt c08f
leqsf] rNnf aGg] tTj k|d'v xf] /
aflx/ aft lbg] tfkqmd ;xfos Û
c08fnfO{ plrt tfkqmd lbOof] eg]
To;af6 rNnf pTkfbg x'G5 lsgls
c08f leq rNnf pTkfbg x'g] tTj
x'G5 t/ Pp6f 9'+ufsf] 8Nnf]nfO{
hlt;'s} tfkqmd lbP klg rNnf
pTkfbg x'g ;Sb}g lsgls 9'u+ fsf]
8Nnf] leq rNnf pTkfbg x'g] tTj g}
x' F b } g Æ . To:t} cfh sDo' l g:6
cfGbf]ng /IffTds cj:yfdf k'Ug'df
aflx/L / leqL b'j} sf/0f lhDd]jf/
ePtf klg d'Vo lhDd]jf/ leqL sf/0f
g} xf] . b' l gofF e /sf a' h { ' j f
k| l tlqmofjfbLx?n] sDo' l g:6
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;dfKt ug{sf] lglDt s}of}F
k|oTg u/] . 8/nfUbf xTof sf08x?sf]
of]hfgf agfP, 3LgnfUbf s'k|rf/x?
u/] . ckf/ cfly{s / /fhg}lts
hfnx? lkFmhfP, sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ leq
c;+Vo cfˆgf Ph]G6x? 3";fP .
tyflk To;k| s f/sf aflx/L
cfqmd0fx?n] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf]
ultnfO{ s]xL cj/f]w u/] tfklg
{ f] a'9L
To;nfO{ /f]Sg ;s]g . sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ng lg/Gt/ cl3 a9\b} uof] .
nfvf}F, s/f]8f}F ;j{xf/f, ;'s'Djf;L,
ls;fg dhb'/ / lgd'vf hgtf of]
cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'Fb} uP . t/,
ha sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng leqg} las[lt
/ lj;+ult cfof], larng / knfog
5fof], u2f/L / 3ftk|lt3ft eof] ta
cfGbf]ng sdhf]/ x'Fb} uof] .
sDo' l g:6 3f] i f0ffkqsf]
k|sfzgb]lv cfh;Ddsf] of] !&% jif]{
sDo' l g:6 cfGbf] n gnfO{ ;/;tL{
cWoog ubf{ sDo'lg:6x?sf kl5Nnf
k':tfx?eGbf cl3Nnf k':tfx? ;lqmo,
;Ifd, OdfGbf/, b[ 9 , TofuL /
l;4fGtlg:7 lyP . h;sf] sf/0f
pgLx?n] y'k|} ;kmntf xft kf/] t/
kl5Nnf] k':tf cl3Nnf] k':tf em}F
;lqmo, ;Ifd, O{dfGbf/, b[9, TofuL /
l;4fGtlg:7 /x]g, To;}n] cfjZos
;kmntf xft kfg{ ;s]g . ;du|df
plxn]sf sDo'lg:6 cAan lyP,
clxn]sf sDo'lg:6 sd;n eP .
plxn] s f sDo' l g:6x?n]
l;4fGtnfO{ Aoaxf/df nfu" ub{y] t/
clxn]sf sDo'lg:6n] l;4fGtnfO{ gfs–
sfgdf em'G8\ofpg] uxgfsf] ?kdf
k| o f] u ub{ 5 g\ . plxn] s f
sDo'lg:6x?sf] ;f]r, lrGtg / ljrf/
k|:6 lyP, clxn]sf sDo'lg:6x?sf
;f]r, lrGtg / ljrf/ uf]nd6f]n
k|sf/sf b]lvG5g\ . /fhg}lts ?kdf
plxn]sf sDo'lg:6x? cfGbf]ng /
ju{k|lt ;r]t, O{dfGbf/ / lhDd]jf/
lyP clxn]sf sDo'lg:6x? cr]t,
a]Odfg / u}/lhDd]jf/ b]lvG5g\ .
pgLx? If0fLs / JolQmut lxtsf]
lglDt h] klg ub{5g\ . plxn]sf
sDo' l g:6x?n] cfˆgf] ju{ /
cfGbf]ngsf] lglDt cfly{s ?kdf
cfk"mnfO{ aaf{b kfb{y] . elgG5, sfn{
dfS;{ Pp6f ;DkGg jlsn kl/jf/sf
;b:o lyP pgn] cfˆgf] ju{ /
cfGbf]ngsf] lglDt sfd ug]{ qmddf
hj pgsL 5f]/Lsf] lgwg eof] tj
pgL;Fu Pp6f sfqf] lsGg] k};f]
lyPg . km]8l/s P+u]N; hd{gLsf]
k|Voft pBf]uklt lyP t/ ;j{xf/f
cfGbf]ngsf] lglDt sfd ug]{ qmddf
pgn] cfˆgf] ;k"0f{ ;DklQ :jfx kf/] .
clxn]sf sDo'lg:6x?n] ju{, kf6L{ /
cfGbf]ngsf] sfdsf] qmddf cfˆgf]
JolQmut ;DklQ sf]6o\ fpg' x'bF g} a?
To;df yKg' kb{5 eGg] dfGotf
/fVb5g\ .
plxn] s f sDo' l g:6x?n]
pTkfbgdf hf]l8P/, kl/>d u/]/
kf6L{df n]jL, sf]6f lt/]/ ToxLaf6
kf6L{, ;+u7g / cfGbf]ng rnfpFy]
t/ clxn]sf sDo'lg:6x? 9fF6/] , 5n]/
k|nf]egdf kf/]/ jf t;f{P/ tyf
dfG5]nfO{ jfSslbSs kf/]/ rGbf p7fO{
kf6L{ rnfpF 5 g\ . plxn] s f
sDo'lg:6x? cfly{s ;+s6 kbf{ Tof]
6fg{ s f] lglDt cNksfnLg k] z f,
Aoa;fo of /f]huf/L vf]h]/ lxF8\y],
clxn]sf sDo'lg:6x? efG;fdf rfdn,
g'g, t]n ;lsof] of sf]7f ef8f ltg]{
dlxgf d¥of] of ;fwgdf k]6f« n
] ;lsof]
of 6fpsf] b'v]/ c:ktfn hfg' k¥of]
eg] rGbf p7fpg lxF85 \ g\, bnfnL
ug{, sfnf ahf/L ug{ s'b5 \ g\ . plxn]
hldGbf/ ju{af6 cfPsf sDo'lg:6x?
;/n, ;xh / ;j{xf/fs[t x'Gy] Tof]
b]v]/ c? s}of}F hldGbf/ ju{sf
dfG5]x? sDo'lg:6 aGg nfnflot x'Gy]
;+3sf sd{rf/L cfwf s6f}tL ug{ l;kmfl/; Û
sf7df8f}F . ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjog
cWoog tyf cg'udg ;+;bLo ljz]if
;ldltn] ;+ 3 -s] G b| _ df /x] s f
sd{rf/Lx? cfwfn] s6f}tL ug{ ;'emfj
lbPsf] 5 . ;fy} l;+uf] k|zf;g
;+ o GqnfO{ ;+ 3 Lo nf] s tflGqs
u0ftGqfTds zf;g k| 0 ffnLsf]
efjgf;F u tfbfDotf u/fpg
k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf …pRr:t/Lo
k|zf;g ;'wf/ cfof]uÚ u7g ug{ klg
;'emfj lbPsf] 5 . @)&@ ;fndf
;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 ;+3, k|b]z /
:yfgLo tx u/L # txsf] ;/sf/
k|rngdf cfPsf] lyof] . To;kl5
s] G b| L s[ t k| 0 ffnLdf ;~rflnt
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|bz ] / :yfgLo txdf
;dfof]hg u/L k7fOPsf] lyof] . t/,
sd{rf/Lx? s]Gb|df /lx/xg vf]Hbf
;]jf k|jfxdf ;d:of k/]sf] u'gf;f]
cfO/x]sf] a]nf /fli6«o ;ef ;b:o
8f= lvdnfn b]jsf]6f ;+of]hsTjsf]
ljz]if ;ldltn] tof/ kf/]sf] @)%
k[i7 nfdf] k|ltj]bgdf ;+3df /x]sf
sd{rf/L cfwfn] s6f}tL ug{ ;'emfj
lbPsf] xf] . ljz] i f ;ldltsf]
k|ltj]bgsf] ;'emfj v08df n]lvPsf]
5, …sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L k|bz ] / :yfgLo
txdf t/ sd{ r f/L ;+ 3 df g}
y' l k| g ] ÷ /dfpg] l:yltsf] cGTo
nufotsf nflu ;+3df /x]sf sd{rf/L
cfwfn] s6f}tL ug]{ sfg"gL / gLltut
Joj:yf ldnfpg] .Ú g]kfndf lghfdtL
sd{rf/Lx?sf] :jLs[t b/aGbL sl/a
8]9 nfv 5 . oL sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ @)&%
;fndf ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo
k|zf;g dGqfnon] ;+3, k|bz ] / :yfgLo
txdf ;dfof] h g u/] s f] lyof] .
sd{rf/LnfO{ g} ljsNk /f]Hg lbP/
;dfof]hg ubf{ em08} $) xhf/ hgf
;+3 -s]Gb|_ d} ;dfof]hg ePsf lyP .
tLg txsf ;/sf/sf] sfd
sf/afxL / ;d:ofaf/] cWoog ug{
t/ clxn] ;j{xf/fju{af6 cfPsf
sDo'lg:6x? hldGbf/ ag]sf] b]v]/
;j{xf/fju{sf dfG5] g} sDo'lg:6 b]v; ] L
gfs v'DRofP/ efU5g\ .
plxn] s f sDo' l g:6x?n]
Pscfk;df juL{o k|d ] , :g]x, cfb/–
;Ddfg / clt ljZjf; ub{y] / pgLx?
eGy] /utsf] gftfeGbf ljrf/sf] gftf
alnof] x' G 5 . t/, clxn] s f
sDo'lg:6x? Pscfk;df wf]sf, u2f/L,
3ft–k|lt3ft / cGt3f{t ub{5g\ .
lhZjf; s;}sf] s;}dfly b]lvFb}g /
pgLx? eG5g\ cfhsn ljZjf;
s;}sf] x'bF g} Û ;f]xLg';f/ pgLx? x/]sn]
x/]s dfly æo'h P08 y|fÆ] sf] gLlt
k| o f] u u/] s f] b] l vG5 . plxn] s f
sDo'lg:6x? k|d ] , of}g / ljjfxnfO{
Pslg:7 7fGy] / ;f]xLg';f/ ;Ddfg
ub{y] . ;f]eGbf km/s k|sf/sf k|]d,
of}g / ljjfxnfO{ cg}lts 7fGy] /
s;}n] To; k|sf/sf] cg}lts sfo{
u/]df Tof] s'/f 7"nf] cg'zf;gsf] ljifo
aGYof] t/ clxn]sf sDo'lg:6x?sf]
ax'kd ]| L–k|l] dsf, ax'of}g ;fyL dfq
xf]Og ax'ljjfx g} ePsf] hlt klg
b]lvG5g\, Tolt dfq xf]Og clxn]sf
sDo'lg:6x? cs}{sf] a'9f / cs}{sf]
a'9L ;dfhdf b'ª\b'ª\tL uGxfpFb}
hf]l8P/ lxF8]sf] klg y'k|} b]lvG5g\ .
plxn]sf sDo'lg:6x?n] zf]if0f, bdg,
cGofo, cTofrf/ / e|:6frf/nfO{
;dfhdf b]lv;xFb}gy] t/ clxn]sf
sDo'lg:6x? tL ;a cfkm}F ub{5g\ .
yk la8Dagf t s] xf] eg] clxn]sf
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?df To:t} kfq /
k|j[lQsf] babaf b]lvG5 . ;+;f/
xNnfpFb} b'lgofFsf] cfwf efudf cfˆgf]
/fHo;Qf lj:tf/ ug{ ;kmn
sDo'lg:6x? cfh /IffTds cj:yfdf
k'Ug'sf] k|wfg sf/0f oxL xf] . cfhsf
ut @) h]7df /fli6«o;efn] ;+3Lotf
sfof{Gjog cWoog tyf cg'udg
;+;bLo ljz]if ;ldlt u7g u/]sf]
lyof] . ;ldltn] l;+ u f] k| z f;g
;+ o GqnfO{ ;+ 3 Lo nf] s tflGqs
u0ftGqfTds zf;g k| 0 ffnLsf]
efjgf;Fu tfbfDotf sfod u/fpg
@)*) c;f/leq k| w fgdGqLsf]
cWoIftfdf …pRr:t/Lo k|zf;g
;'wf/ cfof]uÚ u7g ug{k' g]{ nufotsf
;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, ljz]if ;ldltn] ;+3Lo
lghfdtL ;]jf P]g hf/L gx'Fbf;Dd
kflnsfx?sf] k| d ' v k| z f;sLo
clws[tx?sf] lhDd]jf/L Psd'i6
?kdf k|bz ] nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ klg
;'emfj lbPsf] 5 . k|dv ' ;lrjafx]s
k|b]z dGqfnosf ;lrjx?sf] ;?jf
/ sfhsf] lhDd]jf/L k|bz ] ;/sf/nfO{
lbg] Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ klg
;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 . k|dv ' k|zf;sLo
clws[t ;+3 dftxt x'g] ls k|b]z
dftxt eGg] eGg] nufotsf ljjfbsf
sf/0f ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf P]g
xfn;Dd hf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljz]if
;ldltn] ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf P]g
hf/L ug{ tyf sfg'gx?df ;dofg'sn "
;df~h:o Nofpg l;kmfl/; u/]sf]
5 . s]Gb|af6 k|bz] tyf :yfgLo txdf
b/aGbL ePsf] kbdf Ps sfo{sfn -
b'O{ jif{_ ;]jf gu/]df a9'jf gx'g]
Aoj:yf ldnfpg klg ljz]if ;ldltn]
;'emfj lbPsf] 5 . k|b]z / :yfgLo
txn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'bfgdf
cTolws rfk kg]{ u/L bL3{sflng bfloTj
;[hgf x'g] h:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof yk
ug],{ sd{rf/Lsf] tx j[l4 / cjsf;sf]
pd]/ xb j[l4 ug]{ h:tf sfdx? gug{
klg ;ldltn] ;'emfPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, ljz]if ;ldltn] tLg txs}
;/sf/df sfo{ / t sd{ r f/Lsf]
cjsfzsf] pd]/, of]Uotf, ;]jf ;'ljwf,
5
sDo'lg:6x?n] hgtfsf] dg lht]/
cfˆgf] u'd]sf] ;fv / ;Qf lkmtf{
Nofpg tyf yk lj:tf/ ug{sf lglDt
pgLx? clxn]sf] h:tf] xf]Og plxn]sf]
h:tf] x'g}kb{5 .
sDo'lg:6x? ljBdfg a'h{'jf
;dfheGbf k[ys / pGgt k|sf/sf]
;dfh lgdf{0fsf] lglDt lxF8s ] f ofqLx?
x'g\ . t/, clxn]sf sDo'lg:6x?sf]
;f]Rg], x]g,{] af]Ng] / sd{ ug]{ z}nL
a'hj'{ fx?sf] eGbf s]xL km/s b]lvFbg} .
ha sDo'lg:6x? x/]s b[li6sf]0fn]
a'h{'jfx?eGbf a]Un}, k[ys / pGgt
k|sf/sf] b]lvFbg} g eg] pgLx?n] s;/L
a'hj'{ f /fHo Joj:yfeGbf a]Un}, k[ys
/ pGgt k|sf/sf] /fHo Joj:yf
:yfkgf ug{ ;S5g\ < cfdzf]lift,
kLl8t d]xgtjz >dhLlj tx /
tKsfsf ;d'bfosf] lglDt lgSs} 7"nf]
rf;f] / lrGtfsf] k|Zg xf] of] .
dxfg\ :6flngsf] Pp6f egfO 5
æsDo'lg:6x? Pp6f ljz]if k|sf/sf]
wft'n] ag]sf dfG5] x'g\Æ Û ;+If]kdf
of] egfOsf] ;f/ xf] sDo'lg:6x?
cGoeGbf km/s x'G5g\ . of] egfOn]
kf6L{ / cfGbf]ngsf ;a} If]qx? h:t}
– k| : 6tf, b[ 9 tf, ;lqmotf,
OdfGbfl/tf, g}ltstf, sfo{s'zntf
/ cg'zf;gnufot x/]s If]qdf
lbzflgb]{z ub{5 . :6flngsf] of]
lgb]{zgsf] wHhL p8fpFb} clxn]sf
clwsf+z sDo'lg:6x?n] dfS;{jfbsf]
l;h{ g fTds k| o f] u sf] gfddf
jg{:tfO{gjfb / sfpT:sLjfbsf] k|of]u
ub}{ cfk"mnfO{ k"0f{t a'h{'jfs/0f u/]
tfklg Pp6f ;fgf] lx:;fn] dfS;{jfb–
n] l ggjfb–dfcf] j fbsf] cEof;
ul//x]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf ;+;f/e/sf
ul/vfg] ju{sf] lglDt ToxL Pp6f ;fgf]
lx:;f g} cfzfsf] lbof] xf] .
j[lQ ljsf; / dof{bfdf Ps?ktf
sfod ug{;d]t ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .
;ldltn] sd{ r f/Lx?nfO{
gful/sx?k|lt hjfkmb]xL agfpg]
sfg'g agfpg l;kmfl/; ;d]t u/]sf]
5 . …tLg} txsf ;/sf/sf ;a}
lgsfon] gful/s k| l tsf]
hjfkmb]lxtfsf cf}hf/x? clgjfo{
?kdf k| o f] u u/L kf/bzL{ t f /
ljZj;gLotf :yflkt ug] { /
sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgldQ hjfkmb]lxtf
;DaGwL sfg"g agfpg]Ú, ;ldltsf]
l;kmfl/;df elgPsf] 5 . ;]jfu|fxLsf]
a9L le8ef8 x'g] dfnkf]t, gfkL,
oftfoft, eG;f/, j}b]lzs /f]huf/,
s/, lhNnf k|zf;g, ufpFkflnsf,
gu/kflnsf nufotsf sfof{no tyf
lgsfox?x?n] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfnfO{
l56f], 5l/tf], ljZj;gLo / ;xh
agfpg cgnfOg, ;]jfu|fxL ;xfotf
sIf, ;L;L Sofd/f nufotsf ljlw
k|of]u ug{ klg l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 .
ljrf}lnofx?sf] k|j]zdf k"0f{ /f]s
nufpg tyf cg' u dgg /
lgu/fgLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg klg
ljz]if ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 .
af6f]
sf6\bf h]a|f
qml;ªaf6
dfq af6f]
sf6f}+ .
 6 @)&( ;fn df3 !% ut] cfOtaf/
j|frg 6];« Lsf] dxfg\ k|/] 0ffbfoL lrGtg
tkfO{+ cfˆgf] lhGbuLsf] af/]df
;f]Rg] / To;nfO{ hLpg] sfd tLg
cnu—cnu lbdfun] ug'{x'G5 . Ps
tkfO{+sf] hfu|t lbdfu xf]] . tkfO{+
o;sf] k|of]u gofF hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{,
To;nfO{ tfhf 1fgsf] cfwf/df tf}ng],
d"No / pkof]lutfsf] cfwf/df To;sf]
d"Nof+sg ug{] / km]l/ of] lglZRft
ug{df ug'x{ G' 5 ls To;df cufl8 s]xL
ug]{ of gug]{ . of] Tof] lbdfu xf]
h;af6 tkfO{+ cfˆgf] lhGbuLsf]
;+rfng ug]{ ;Sg'x'G5 . o;nfO{
clwsf+ztof jf:tljs lbdfu klg
elgG5 . tkfO{å+ f/f k|of]u ul/g] bf];f| ]
lbdfu xf] cjr] t g . tkfO{ + s f]
cjr]tg Ps 7"nf] 8f6f a}+s em}+ 5,
o;df tkfO{s + f] lhGbuLe/sf] x/;f]r,
ljrf/, efjgf / cg'ej btf{ x'G5 .
o;nfO{ lghL lbdfu elgG5 . o;sf]
sfd tkfO{+sf] x/zAb / Jojxf/nfO{
tkfO{+sf] lghL cjwf/0ffsf] lx;fan]
/fVg] x'G5 . of] tkfO{s + f] tfhf Jojxf/,
wf/0ff, eo / k"jf{u|xsf] sf/s klg
x'G5 . tkfO{s + f] cjr]tgn] s'g} sf/0f
vf]Hb}g o;n] t a; tkfO{s + f] cfb]zsf]
kfng u5{ .
tkfO{+sf] cjr]tg g} tkfO{+sf]
z/L/sf] x/ c+u ;+rfnsf] nflu
lhDd]jf/ x'G5 . of] tkfO{+sf] ge{;
l:f:6d, d'6'sf] w8\sgsf] ult, ;f;,
kfrg, cfwf/e' t :d[ l t cflbdf
lgoGq0f /fV5 . of] Pp6f 7"nf]
sDKo'6/em}F x'G5, olt zlQmj/ /
;flwPsf] ls x/ ;]s]G8df nfvf}+
sdf08nfO{ k|f; ] ;] ug{ ;S5 . ;fy} of]
x/lbg rf}aL;} 306f, tkfO{s + f] c/af}+
sf]lzsfdWo] x/]sdf /x]sf] s]ldsnsf]
;Gt'n ' gnfO{ klg ;fw]/ /fV5 .
tkfO{+sf] t];|f] lbdfu w]/} hfu|t
lbdfu x'G5 . oxL lbdfu tkfO{+sf]
c;Lldt a'l4dQf;Fu ;Lwf hf]8\5 .
o;df ;f/f 1fg el/Psf] x'G5 . of]
tkfO{+sf] cfk"måf/f lgwf{l/t s'g} klg
NfIo k|fKt ug{sf] nflu h?/L x/
;f]r, x/ hjfkm vf]Hgdf d2t ug]5 { .
of] lbdfu k|]/0ff, sNkgf, cGt/b[li6
/ z+sfsf] ;|f]t x'G5 . of] x/lbg
rf}lj;} 306f sfd ul//xG5 / tkfO{n + ]
s'g} klg ;d:of of k|Zgsf] ;xL
hjfkm ;xL ;dodf lbg'kg]{ 5 . of]
;xdltsf] ?kdf k|i6 nIo, ;':ki6
dfgl;s 5lj / :ki6, ;sf/fTds
lgb] { z af6 ;+ r flnt x' G 5 . ha
tkfO{+x? ltg} lbdfunfO{ To;sf]
lgwf{l/t sfd ug{sf] nflu ;Gt'lnt
k|of]u x'Gf{x'G5 ta cfˆgf] nIonfO{
Njfªsf kmfObf
sf7df8f}F . lrofdf Njfª ld;fP/sf] lkpg] ubf{ To;n] :jf:Yodf ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] u5{ . hf8f] df};ddf lgSs} k|efjsf/L x'G5 . Njfª xfn]sf] lrof
lkPdf lr;f]af6 aRg ;lsG5 . Njfªsf] laz]iftf tftf] xf] . hf8f]df lbgdf @
jf # k6s Njfª ld;fPsf] lrof lkpgfn] lr;f] nfUgaf6 aRg ;lsG5 . olb
Hj/f]n] ;tfPsf] 5 eg] klg Njfª lrof lkpgfn] lgSs} /fxt lbG5 . Hj/f]
klg nfdf] ;do;Dd /xFb}g . Njfª xflnPsf] lrofn] df+;k]zLsf] b'vfO{af6
klg /fxt lbnfpg] sfd u5{ .
kfrg;DaGwL ;d:of ePsfsf] nflu lrof Ps c;/ sf/s xf] . kfrg
k|lqmofsf] ult ;':t ePsf] cj:yfdf Njfª lrof lkpg' nfesf/L dflgG5 .
o;n] kfrgtGqnfO{ alnof] agfpF5 . bfFt b'vd] f Njfªsf] t]n nufpg] ul/G5 .
Njfª lrof lkpgfn] klg /fxt ldN5 .
n]v, /rgf;DaGwL ;"rgf
…If]Kof:qÚ ;fKtflxs / …hgva/Ú
cgnfOgdf k|sfzgfy{ /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o
dxTjsf n]v, /rgf / tl:j/x¿ pknAw
u/fO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g OR5's ;a}df
cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|
yfkfufp“, sf7df8f},+ kmf]gM (*$!$)#*%!
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com
janakhabar@gmail.com
cfˆgf] sNkgfeGbf klxnf g} k|fKt
ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . ltg} lbdfusf] ;xL
k|of]u, tkfO{+{sf] ;f]r / To;af6
tkfO{+sf] lhGbuL abNg] cfwf/ xf] .
/rgfTdstfsf] pTk| ] / s
/rgfTdstfsf] nflu k|]l/t ug]{
vfnsf] tLg k|d'v s'/f x'g\– tkfO{+
of]dWo] x/]snfO{ cfˆgf] x/sfdsf]
ldng cfkmGt
nflu, lgoldt k|of]u ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .
Tof] xf] M klxnf dgsf] ulx/fOb]lv
rfx]sf] NfIo, bf];f| ] ;d:ofsf] bjfj
/ t];|f] ljifo of ;d:ofdf s]lGb|t
k|Zg . ha tkfO{+ ltg}sf] k|of]u ug{
yfNg' x'G5 ta tkfO{+ cfk"m cfˆgf]
;fd' cfpg] ljrf/sf] jiff{ b]v/] 5Ss
kg'{x'G5 . lbdfunfO{ of] l:yltdf
Nofpg] oL tLg s'/f— nIo, ;d:of
/ k|Zgsf] k|of]u uof]u u/]/ tkfO{+
cfˆgf] tLg} lbdfunfO{ Ps ;fy ;lqmo
agfpg ;Sg'xG' 5 / tkfO{+ Ps cf};t
JolQmeGbf w]/} pRr:t/df sfd ug{
yfNg' x'G5 .
dgsf] ulx/fOb] l v rfx] s f] NfIo
klxnf] s'/f laNs'n k|i6 5, dgsf]
ulx/fOb]lv rfx]sf] NfIo . tkfO{+nfO{
s] s'/f yfxf x'gk' 5{ eg] tkfO{+ s]
rfxg' x'G5 < Ps ;do ;Ldf lgwf{/0f
ug';{ ,\ o;nfO{ dfkg of]Uo agfpg';\
/ of] k|fKt ug{sf] nflu Ps o:tf]
of]hgf agfpg';\ h;df tkfO{+ ;w}+
sfd ug{ ;Sg'xf]; . tkfO{å+ f/f rfx]sf]
NfIosf] af/]df tkfO{+sf] ;kmf ;f]r /
Tof] k|fKt ug{sf] nflu nfUg] vfnsf]
ljrf/sf] jiff{sf] aLrdf l;wf ;DaGw
5 . cfˆgf] ltg} lbdfudf ;Gt'ng
NofP/ / cfˆgf] /rgfTds zlQmnfO{
;lqmo ug]{ ;a}eGbf ;zQm tl/sf
x/]s laxfg cfˆgf] nIonfO{ at{dfg
sfndf n] V g' xf] . Ps gf] 6 a' s
lsGg';\ . ljxfg ;w},+ tkfO{s
+ f] lgoldt
k7gkl5, s]xL ldg]6sf] ;do lgsfn]/
cfˆgf] nIo jt{ d fg kl/k| ] I odf
n]Vg';\ . o;/L dfgf+} Tof] /x]sf] xf];\ .
To;sf] s]xL ;]sG] 8kl5 o:tf] sNkgf
ug'{;\ dfgf}+ Tof] nIo k|fKt ul/Psf]
xf];\ . cfˆgf] lbdfudf x/nIonfO{
o;/L x]g'{;\ dfgf}+ Tof] To;nfO{ k|fKt
ul/Psf] xf];\ . km]l/ d':s'/fpg';\,
cf/fd ug'; { \ / To;nfO{ Hffg lbg';\ .
;w}+ ljxfg cfˆgf] lbdfuL nIo km]l/
n]Vg, k|fKt ug]{ sNkgf ug]{ / km]l/
To;nfO{ k"/f cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy
hfg lbg], c;ndf tkfO{s + f] lbdfudf
cfk"mnfO{ dgkg]{ s'/f ;fsf/ ug]{ Ps
dxTjk"0f{ tl/sf 5 .
of] k4ltsf ;fy tkfO{+ cfˆgf]
nIo 7Ls To;} ;do ;fsf/ ug'x{ g' 5
ha tkfO{+ To;sf] nflu k"0f{ ?kdf
tof/ x'g'x'G5 . cfˆgf] nIo n]v]/ /
km]l/ n]v]/, tkfO{+ To;nfO{ cfˆgf]
lbnf]lbdfudf c? /fd|f; ] uF n] a;fpg]
df}sf lbg'xG' 5 . Ps lglZrt ;Ldfdf
tkfO{+ cfk"mnfO{ w]/} hfu|t lbdfunfO{
;lqmo ul/lbg'xG' 5 . Tof] ;do tkfO{+
cfˆgf] lhGbuLdf o:tf dflg; /
kl/l:yltnfO{ cfslif{t ug{ yfNg'xG' 5,
h;af6 tkfO{+sf] nIo k|fKt ug{df
d2t ldNg ;S5 .
efjgfnfO{ klg hf] 8 \ g ' ; \
efjgf g} d'Vo k'FhL xf] . s'g}
NfIosf] nflu tkfO{ + leq clt
efjgfsf] Hjf/ x'g]5, Tolt tkfO{+
t]hLn] ;fsf/ ug'{x'g]5 . cfˆgf]
nIosf] af/]df cfˆgf] ljrf/nfO{ ha
tkfO{+ ulx/f] rfxgf of /f]df~r
efjgf;Fu hf]8\g' x'G5 ta tkfO{+
cfˆgf] lbdfusf] 3f]8fnfO{ bf}8g afWo
agfpg' x' G 5 . tkfO{ + s f] lbdfu
PsfPs ;lqmo x'g5 ] / NfIo k|fKt
ug{ s f] nflu ljrf/sf] jiff{
nfufOlbg]5 . s'g} s'/f kfpgsf] nflu
tkfO{+ hlt ;sf/fTds, /f]dfl~rt /
pT;flxt x'g'x'G5, Tolt g} ltj|tfn]
tkfO{+sf] lbdfu To;nfO{ tKffO{sf]
lhGbuLdf ;fsf/ agfpgsf] nflu
sfd ug{ yfNg] 5 . ;f]Rg'xf];,\ olb
tkfO{+n] nIo k|fKt ug'{eof] eg]
tkfO{n+ fO{ s:tf] nfUG]f 5 . uj{, v'zL,
pNnf; jf clt pT;flxt, tkfO{+ s]
dx;'; ug'x{ G' 5 < efjgf h'g;'s} xf];\
tkfO{n + ] cfTdljZjf; / v'zLsf ;fy
Tof] efjgfsf] To;}u/L cfgGb lng]
k|of; ug'k{ 5{ h'g tkfO{+ Tof] tkfO{s + f]
lhGbuLsf] efu x'bF f dx;'; ug'x'{ G' 5 .
olb tkfO{+ w]/} k};f sdfpg rfxg'
x'G5 / hLjg:t/ p7fpg rfxg' x'G5
eg] ;f]Rg';\ dfgf}+ tkfO{+ ToxL k'Ug'ePsf]
5, 7Ls To:t} lhGbuL afFlr/xg'
ePsf] 5, h;sf] sNkgf tkfO{+n]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cfˆgf] cfFvf aGb
ug'{;\ / v'zL, pNnf; / cfGtl/s
;Gtf]ifsf] efjgf dxz'; ug'; { \ . ha
tkfO{ + cfˆgf] lbdfudf NfIosf]
5ljnfO{ Tof] efjgf;Fu hf]8\g' x'G5
h'g tkfO{+n] Tof] k|fKt ubf{ x'g]5 ta
tkfO{+ cfˆgf] lbdfusf] pRr:t/Lo
zlQmnfO{ ;lqmo agfOlbg'xG' 5 . tkfO{+
cfˆgf] /rgfTdstfnfO{ ult lbg'xG' 5 .
tkfO{+nfO{ o:tf] cGt/b[li6 / ljrf/
k|fKt x'g]5, h;n] tkfO{+sf] NfIonfO{
w]/} l56f] k|fKt ug{ tkfO{s
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
+ f] d2t
;Df:ofnfO{ cj;/ ;Demg' ; \
tkfO{s + f] /rgfTdstfnfO{ hfu[t
u/]/ tkfO{+sf] ;sf/fTds lbdfunfO{
;lqmo agfpg] bf];f| ] tTj xf] ;d:ofsf]
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
bafj . tkfO{ + cfˆgf] lbdfusf]
k|d] k|;fbsf] gfddf
vf]df t/fd' du/
lx;fan] cfˆgf] ;j{>]i7 k|bz{g ta
ug'{x'G5 ha tkfO{+ bafj / afwfsf]
cg'ej ul//xg' x'G5 . lhGbuLsf]
;Df:of / 6fNg g;lsg] ;d:ofsf]
;fdgf ug'{n] g} tkfO{+nfO{ c? w]/}
k'hF Ljfb lx+;s | hgfj/ xf]
xf]l;of/ agfpF5 / tkfO{+ leqaf6
;j{>]i7 k|bz{g aflx/ lgsfN5 .
h;n] dfG5]nfO{ lhpFb} kf]n/] vfG5
clwsf+z dflg; ;d:ofsf] k|s[lt
a'‰gkb}g{ . ;d:of t lhGbuLsf] Ps
k'h F Ljfb awzfnf xf]
;fdfGo / clgjfo{ efu xf] . Tof]
cjZoDefjL / c6n 5 . tkfO{+ rfx]
h;n] dfG5]sf] lhpFb}
] ,
hlt;'s} k|of; ug'{;\, ;d:of cfP/}
5f]8g\ ] 5 . o;}n] ;d:of gaf]nfOsg} Jofkf/ u5{ / d'gfkmf sdfpF5
cfpF5 .
;d:ofsf] s]an Ps efudf k'h F Ljfb ;+ul7t Uofª\ xf]
tkfO{+sf] lgoGq0f x'g;S5 / Tof] xf]
;d:ofdf tkfO{s + f] k|ltlqmof . k|efjL h;n] dfG5]sf] hLjg nLnf lgdf]7g\
dflg; ;d:ofsf] ;sf/fTds /
/rgfTds tl/sfn] ;fdgf u5{Gf\ . cIfDo ck/fw u5{
o;/L pgLx? atfpF5g\ ls pgLx?n]
hjfkm lbg] u'0f ljsl;t u/]sf 5g\ . k|d] k|;fb Û s] ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 <
ha s'g} a]nf g;f]lrPsf] / grfx]sf]
;d:of cfpF5 ta To;sf] of]Uo ltd|f] xTof/f sf] xf] <
hjfkm lbg] of]Uotf ljsl;t ul/G5 .
;a} vfnsf] ;d:of xfdL leqsf] ltd|f] z/L/el/ cfuf] nufpg] sf] xf] <
;j{>]i7 u'0fnfO{ aflx/ lgsfN5 .
To;n] tkfO{+nfO{ alnof] / pkof]uL ltd|f] lhlhljiff aw ug]{ dflns sf] xf] <
agfOlbG5 . tkfO{+df bjfj hlt w]/}
x'G5, Tolt To;sf] xn vf]Hgsf] nflu ltd|f] hLjgsf] lzsf/ ug]{ g/eIfL sf] xf] <
w]/} efjgf bfpdf nufpg' x'G5 /
Tolt w]/} /rgfTds aGg' x'g5 ] . x/]s k|d] k|;fb Û ltdLn] a'lem/fv–
k6s ha tkfO{+ s'g} ;d:ofnfO{
/rgfTds tl/sfn] xn ug'{x'G5 ta ltd|f] xTof/f]x?
w]/} xf]lzof/ / w]/} k|efjL aGg' x'g5 ] .
kl/0ffd:j?k tkfO{+ cfk"mnfO{ c? w]/} u0ftGqsf] tSdf nufP/
/ w]/}{ ;d:ofsf] xn ug{ nfos
agfpg' x'G5 . ev{/} l;+x/b/af/ k;]sf] 5
sfuhdf ljrf/ ug' { ; \
s'g} ;d:of xn ug]{ tkfO{+sf] ltdLnfO{ ls:tf–ls:tfdf
of]Uotfdf ;'wf/ / /rgfTdstfnfO{
ult lbgsf] nflu tkfO{n + ] sfuhftdf lnnfd laqmL u/L cfuf] emf]:g] dflnsx?
;f]Rg' kg]{5 . s]xL If0f /f]lsP/ of]
;f]Rg';\, c;ndf ;d:of s] xf] < la|kms]; af]s/] ;+;b\ ejg
To;kl5 hjfkm o;/L n]Vg';\ ls
To;n] ;d:ofsf] v'nf;f ul/b]cf];\ . jl/k/L 8'ln/x]sf] 5
km]l/ tkfO{+ ;f]Wg ;Sg'xG' 5, c? s]
;d:of 5 < tkfO{+ o:tf] ;d:ofk|lt ltdLn] g} k7fof} afs;df ef]6 xfn]/
;hu /xg'k5{ h;sf] Pp6} kl/efiff
x'G5 . u7g ;d:ofsf] xn tkfO{+sf] / clezKt eof}+ l;+xb/af/ u]6df hNg
;a}eGbf 7"nf] uNtL x'g;S5 . Ps
;d:ofnfO{ tkfO{+ hlt cnu–cnu To;}n] a'lem/fv–
tl/sfn] atfpg ;Sg'xG' 5, Tof] Tolt
g} xn ug{ nfos x'G5 .
s'g} k|sf/n] tkfO{+nfO{ rfx] h]
k'h F Ljfb 3LgnfUbf] l;gf] xf]
;d:of, afwf, r'g}flt / c? s'/fn]
cufl8 a9\gaf6 /f]ls/x]sf] xf];\ Tof]
k'h F Ljfb cfTdxTofsf] sf/vfgf xf]
n]v/] k|i6 ?kdf kl/eflift ug'x{ f];\ .
h:tf], lrlsT;f zf:qdf elgG5,
k'h
F Ljfb /Qmlkkf;'x?sf] ahf/ xf]
/f]usf] ;xL lrgf/L, cfwf pkrf/
a/fa/ x'G5 . sof}+ k6s ha tkfO{+
k'h F Ljfb gfkmfvf]/x?sf] xf6–ahf/ xf]
;d:ofnfO{ kl/eflift ug]{ k|of; ug{
yfNg' x'G5 ta tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf x'G5,
cf], ljj]sL o'jfx? Û
of] t ;d:ofsf] kf]s]f xf] . oflg of]
Ps o:tf] 7"nf] ;d:of xf] h'g ;fgf
d'bf{ zflGtsf] lrxfgdf pleP/
;d:ofn] 3]l/Psf] 5 . tkfO{ + s f]
;DaGw hlt ;d:of;Fu kg]{ 5, Tof]
zf]ssf] ljnfk gu/
o;}u/L ;fgf] ;fgf] ;d:ofn] ag]sf]
x' g ] 5 . clwsf+ z tof, d' l Zsn
bnfn k'h F Ljfbsf] aa{/ kfzljstflj?4
kl/l:yltdf Pp6f 7"nf] ;d:ofnfO{
;fgf]–;fgf] ;d:ofeGbf klxnf xn
lgeL{s / lga{Gw ljb|fx] ug]{ cfF6 u/ .
ug]{ cfjZos x'G5 .
;|ft] M ;f]r abnf}, lhGbuL abnf}
-lbj+ut k|d] k|;fbk|lt ljz]if :d/0f Pj+ >4f;'dg Û_
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
 @)&( ;fn df3 !% ut] cfOtaf/
;dfhjfbL====
k'uk] l5 ;Qfsf] cfjZostf g} x'g5 ] g}
/ dfgj ;dfh ;fDojfbdf k'Ug]5 .
sfn{ dfS;{n] cfˆgf] k|l;4 /rgf …uf]yf
sfo{qmdsf] cfnf]rgfÚdf eGg'ePsf] 5,
æk'FhLjfbL / sDo'lg:6 ;dfhsf] aLr
Psaf6 csf] { d f qmflGtsf/L
¿kfGt/0fsf] ;do cfpF5 . To;sf]
;fy;fy} /fhgLlts ;+qmd0fsf] ;do
klg cfpF5, h;df /fHo;Qfsf] ¿k
;j{ x f/f ju{ s f] qmflGtsf/L
clwgfosTjafx]s c? s]xL x'g ;Sb}g .Æ
dxfg\ ax;, cGt/f{li6«o sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngsf] cfdsfo{lbzfdfly ePsf]
ljrf/wf/fTds ax;sf] d' V o
b:tfj] h , k[ i 7 @%, cGt/f{ l i6« o
k|sfzg, !((*, lxGbL ;+:s/0f,
d'hˆkm/ gu/
;g\ !()& df d]l/8n] Go'hO] 6
(Neuezeit) gfds cvaf/df
a]O8d]o/sf] gfddf n]v]sf] kqsf]
;Gbe{ pNn]v 5 . % dfr{ !*%@ sf]
;f] kqdf dfS;{ eGg'xG' 5, æd]/f] xsdf
eGg] xf] eg] cfw'lgs ;dfhdf
ju{x?sf] ljBdfgtfsf] pb\3f6g ug]{
>]o dnfO{ 5}gÆ g t oL ju{x?aLr
kf/:kl/s ;ª\3if{sf] pb\3f6g u/]sf]
>]o g} dnfO{ 5 . d}n]eGbf w]/} klxn]
g} k'FhLjfbL Oltxf;ljb\x?n] o:tf]
ju{;ª\3if{sf] P]ltxfl;s ljsf;qmdsf]
JofVof ul/;s]sf lyP . k'FhLjfbL
cy{ z f:qLx?n] ju{ x ?sf] cfly{ s
;+/rgf kQfnufO{ ;s]sf lyP . d}n]
yk]sf] gofF s'/f s] 5 eg]– !_ ju{
;ª\3if{sf] ljBdfgtf dfq pTkfbg
ljsf;sf] lglZrt P] l txfl;s
r/0f;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . @_ ju{
;ª\ 3 if{ n ] clgjfo{ t ;j{ x f/fsf]
clwgfosTjtkm{ 8f]¥ofpF5 . #_ of]
clwgfosTj :j+od\ ;a} ju{x?sf]
pNd'ng tkm{sf] ;+qmd0f xf]Æ .
;dfh ljsf;sf] åGåjfb -
P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb_ cg';f/ ;Qf
lg/+s'z ;fdGtjfbaf6 k'FhLjfbL
nf]stGq, k'h F Ljfbaf6 ;j{xf/f hgtGq
/ ;j{xf/f hgtGqkl5 nf]szfxL/lxt
jf clwgfosTj lagfsf] ;Qf -
;fDojfb_df dfgj ;dfhsf] ljsf;
x'G5 . of] P]ltxfl;s sfnv08df
;j{ x f/f clwgfosTjn] ;j{ x f/f
;QfnfO{ ;'b[9 ub{5 . dfS;{jfb /
To;k"j{sf ;a} ljb|f]x, qmflGt /
ljrf/wf/fn] lghL :jfldTjsf]
pbob]lv ;'b[9 x'Fb} cfPsf] pTkL8s
;Qfdf cfk"mnfO{ ;dfof]hg ub}{ cfP .
;Qfsf] cfwf/e" t rl/q abNg
;s]gg\ . kl/0ffddf ;Qfsf] lg/+s'z
rl/q emg\ a9\b} cfof] . sfn{ dfS;{n]
…n'O af]gfkf6{sf] c7f/f}F a|'d]/Ú df
eGg' e Psf] 5, æ;a} ;Qf
kl/jt{ g x¿n] /fHooGqnfO{ gi6
kfg' { s f] ;f6f] o;nfO{ kl/is[ t
t'NofPsf 5g\Æ
sfn{ dfS;{ – k| m ] 8 l/s P+ u ] N ;,
/rgf;Fux| , v08 !, k[i7 @$!, P]/fjtL
k|sfzg k|f= ln=, sf7df8f}F .
;g\ !*$*–!*%! sf] aLrdf
k|mfG;df ePsf] 36gfnfO{ x]/]/ dfS;{
o:tf] lgisif{df k'Ug'ePsf] lyof] .
zf]ifs ju{sf] lxtsf] /Iff ug]{ ;Qfn]
d'77\ Le/ zf]ifs ju{sf] :jfy{ k"lt{ u5{
/ ax';V+ ofdf /x]sf >lds, ls;fg /
hgtfsf] zf]if0f–pTkL8g ub{5 .
;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]t[Tjsf] ;dfhjfbL
;Qfn] dhb'/, ls;fg / ;a} pTkLl8t
hg;d'bfosf lxtx¿sf] /Iff u5{ .
To;}n] ;dfh lj1fgsf] s'/f ubf{
cyjf qmflGtsf] ljifodf ax; ubf{
;Qfsf] k|Zg cfwf/e"t k|Zg x'G5 .
eL= cfO{= n]lgg eGg'xG' 5, æk|To]s
qmflGtsf] cfwf/e"t k|Zg /fHo;Qfsf] k|Zg
xf] . of] k|ZgnfO{ a'lemPg eg] qmflGtdf
a'l4dtfk"0f{ ;xeflutf x'g ;Sb}g,
qmflGtsf] cu'jfO{ ug]{ t s'/} 5f]8f}ÆF .
n]lgg, å}w ;Qf, 5flgPsf /rgf,
efu @ .
n]]lgg cem cufl8 eGg'x'G5,
æzf]ifsx¿sf] k|lt/f]wnfO{ s'Nrg /
ls;fg, lgDg k'h F Lklt / cw{;j{xf/fsf]
7" n f] hg;d' b fonfO{ ;dfhjfbL
cy{tGqsf] lgdf0f{ ug]{ sfddf g]tT[ j
ug{ b'j}sf] lglDt ;j{xf/f ju{nfO{
Pp6f s]lGb|t ansf] ;ª\u7g, Pp6f
lx+;fsf] ;ª\u7gsf] ¿kdf /fHo;Qfsf]
cfjZostf kb{5Æ
ljZj ;j{ x f/f ju{ s f dxfg\ \
u' ? x¿sf p4/0fx¿, k[ i 7 *$,
;Dkfbg– gf/fo0f lu/L
zf]ifs ju{sf] k|ltqmflGtnfO{ bdg
ug{ / ;dfhjfbL ;Qfsf] /Iffsf] nflu
;j{xf/f clwgfosTj clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] .
o;sf] cefjdf ;dfhjfbL ;Qf l6Sg
;Sb}g . sfn{ dfS;{n] !*&! sf] k]l/;
sDo'g 9n]kl5 To;sf] sf/0f vf]hL ub}{
;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj geP;Dd
;dfhjfbL ;Qf l6Sg g;Sg] lgrf]8
lgsfNg'ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] ;dfhjfbL
;Qf sfod ug{ / To;sf] /Iff ug{ klg
;j{xf/f clwgfosTj clgjfo{ 5 .
;j{xf/f ;Qfsf] :j¿k ;dfh
ljsf;sf] r/0f / cj:yfcg';f/
km/s–km/s x'g;S5 . qmflGtsf] g]tT[ j
ug]{ ju{ / qmflGtsf ;xof]uL zlQmn]
To;sf] :j¿knfO{ l5gf]kmfgf] u5{g\ .
;Qfsf] :j¿ksf] ;Gbe{df n]lggn]
;g\ !(!( df …k" j { s f ljleGg
hfltx¿sf sDo'lg:6 ;ª\u7gx¿sf]
bf];|f] clvn ?;L sfFu|];df efif0fÚ
n]vdf eGg'ePsf] lyof], æpgLx¿sf
nflu of] h?/L 5 ls pgLx¿n] cf–
cfˆgf] 7fpFx¿sf] ljlzi6tfx¿nfO{
x]gk{' 5{, ;fDojfbsf cfd l;4fGtx¿ /
Jojxf/df e/f]iff /fVb} cfk"mnfO{ tL
ljlzi6 kl/l:yltx¿ cg'sn" agfpg'k5{
hf] o'/f]kLo b]zx¿df kb}g{ g\Æ
lrlgofF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq b'O{
nfOg ;ª\3if{sf] Oltxf;, k[i7 !!(,
cg'jfbs– b]j]Gb| ltDnf .
;f]leot ;Qfsf] lgdf0f{ Oltxf;sf]
klxnf] cg' e j lyof] . ?; /
rLg;lxtsf k" j L{ o b] z x¿sf]
ljz]iftfx¿ km/s–km/s lyP . To;}n]
k"jL{o b]zx¿df ;j{xf/f ;Qfsf] :j¿k
ToxLF s f qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] tof/
ug'k{ Yof]{ . n]lggn] To:tf] sfdnfO{
…ljZjsf sDo'lg:6x¿n] slxNo} ;fdgf
gu/]sf] sfo{Ú eGg'ePsf] lyof] .
lrlgofF qmflGtsf] g]t[Tj ;j{xf/f
ju{n] u/]sf] lyof] . t/ pTkLl8t
ls;fg / u|fld0f ;j{xf/f ju{ d'Vo
zlQm lyof] . b]zeQm / /fli6«o
k' F h Lkltsf] qmflGtdf P] l txfl;s
e"ldsf lyof] . cyf{t\ ;j{xf/f /
hgjfbL ju{x¿sf] ;+o'Qm k|lt/f]w
ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] ?;df ePsf]
;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]t[Tjsf] ;dfhjfbL
;Qfsf] :yfgdf rLgdf eg] …hgtfsf]
hgjfbL ;QfÚ elgof] . ;f] ;DaGwdf
dfcf] eGg'x'G5, ælrlgofF hgtfn]
cg]sf}F bzsdf cfh{g u/]sf ;a}
cg'ejx¿n] xfdLnfO{ s] l;sfPsf
5g\ eg] xfdLn] hgtfsf] hgjfbL
clwgfosTj nfu" ug}{k5{, cyf{t\
k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿nfO{ /fo k|s6 ug]{
xsaf6 al~rt ug}{k5{ / hgtfnfO{
dfq of] xs lbg'k5{Æ .
dfcf]T;]t'ª, r'lgPsf /rgfx¿,
efu $, cg'jfb vu]Gb| ;Fuf| n } f, k|ult
k|sfzg, sf7df8f}F .
;g\ !($(, #) h'gdf dfcf]n]
;dfhjfbL ;Qfsf] lrlgofF …df]8n ] Úsf]
ljifodf of] s'/f eGg'ePsf] lyof] .
g]kfnsf] qmflGtdf dhb'/, ls;fg,
b]zeQm, a'l4hLjL / dWodju{ tyf
;a} pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf
/xg]5 . To;}n] g]kfnsf] ;dfhjfbL
;Qfsf] :j¿k cfˆg} df}lnstfsf] x'g5] .
clwgfosTjsf] ljifo lgs}
dxTjk" 0 f{ / uDeL/ ljifo xf] .
clwgfosTj eGgf;fy k'h F Lklt ju{
/ ;j{xf/f ju{ b'j}nfO{ cfjZos
kb{5 . jf:tljstf oxL eP klg
clwgfosTjsf] ljifonfO{ ;sf/fTds
sf]0faf6 eGbf gsf/fTds sf]0faf6
a9L x] l /G5 . sDo' l g:6x¿nfO{
clwgfosjfbL cf/f]k nufOG5 .
jf:tljstf s] xf] t < s:tf]
cj:yfdf clwgfosTjsf] cfjZostf
kb{5 < clwgfosTj eg]sf] s] xf] <
;f] ;DaGwdf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
eG5, æclwgfosTjsf xsdf klg
unt k| r f/ 5 . clwgfosjfbL
sDo'lg:6 xf]Ogg\ . sDo'lg:6x¿n]
j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfbsf] /Iff ug] {
ljifonfO{ clwgfosTj eg]sf x'g\ .
Tof] eg]sf] >lds hgtfsf] k|Zg xf] .
jf:tljstfdf clwgfosjfbL
k'h
F LjfbLx¿ x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] zf;g
xf], d'7\7Le/ zf;sju{sf] zf;g .
;dfhjfbdf x/] s gful/ssf]
/fhgLlts, cfly{s, lzIff, :jf:Yosf]
clwsf/ x'G5 . t/ k'h F Ljfbdf x'bF g} .
hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ glbg] t/ zf;g
dfGg} k g] { Joj:yf k' F h LjfbL
clwgfosTj xf] . aL;f}F ztfAbLdf of]
dfGotfnfO{ ks8\g] / nfu" ug]d{ f sdL
ePsf] 5 . t;y{ xfdLn] ;dfhjfbdf
hgjfb / clwgfosTjsf] dfGotfnfO{
j}1flgs ljlwdf 9fn]/ nfu" ug'k{ b{5 .
;dfhjfbdf >lds hgtfn] zf;g
;~rfng ug] { k| l tlglw k| T oIf
lgjf{rgaf6 r'Gg kfpF5g\ eg] j}1flgs
;dfhjfbnfO{ hgjfbsf] andf
;+/If0f ug]{ clwgfosTj ljsf;
ul/g] 5 . o;y{ ;dfhjfbnfO{
k'FhLjfb;Fu t'ngf ug}{ g;lsg] u/L
hgjfbL agfpF5 .Æ
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{, cf7f}F
dxflwj];gdf k|:t't Pj+ kfl/t
/fhgLlts k|ltj]bg, @)&#, k[i7 %# .
of] JofVofaf6 klg xfdL
clwgfosTj / o;sf] dxTjnfO{ a'‰g
;Sb5f}F . juL{o ;dfhdf clwgfosTj
cfjZos dfq geP/ clgjfo{ x'G5,
k| Z g s] j n k' F h Lklt ju{ s f]
clwgfosTj ls ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
clwgfosTj eGg] dfq} xf] . g]kfndf
bnfn k' F h Ljfb / hgtfaLrsf]
cGt/lj/f]w k|wfg ag]sf] 5 . oxfF
ax';+Vos pTkLl8t–zf]lift ju{dfly
cNk;+ V os -zf] i fs_ ju{ s f]
clwgfosTj nfu" eO/x]sf]] 5 . h;sf]
sf/0f cGofo, cTofrf/, zf]if0f /
pTkL8g al9/x]sf] 5 . ha;Dd bnfn
k'hF LjfbL Joj:yf /xG5, o;k|sf/sf]
l:ylt /lx/xG5 .
;j{xf/f ju{sf] klxnf] ;Qf k]l/;
sDo' g c;kmn eof] . To;sf
cg'ejx¿ P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf 5g\ .
dfgj hfltsf] Oltxf;df k]l/;
sDo'gn] h'g Oltxf; /Rof] To;n]
;j{xf/f ju{nfO{ pT;fx yKof] /
dfu{bz{g u¥of] . km]l/ klg Tof] w]/}
lbg l6Sg ;s]g . k]l/; sDo'gsf]
c;kmntfsf sf/0fx¿af/] sfn{
dfS;{n] eGg'ePsf] 5–
æ!_ a' h ' { j fx¿dfly ;j{ x f/f
clwgfosTj nfu" gug'{
@_ ;]gf lgdf{0f ug{ g;Sg'
#_ a'hj{' f ju{sf] em'7f] cfZjf;gk|lt
ljZjf; ug'Æ{ .
k]l/; sDo'gsf] ktg nuQ} sfn{
dfS;{n] …k|mfG;df u[xo'4, cGt/f{li6«o
dhb'/ ;+3sf] dxfkl/ifb\sf] cfXjfgÚ
s[ltdf eGg'eof], ædhb'/ ju{n]
/fHooGqnfO{ sAhf u/]/ cfˆgf] p2]Zo
k"lt{sf nflu h:tfsf] t:t} To;sf]
pkof]u ug{ ;Sb}gÆ .
sfn{ dfS;{–k|m8] l/s P+uN] ;, /rgf
;Fux| , rf/ v08df, v08 !, k[i7 $!,
P]/fjtL k|sfzg k|f= ln=, sf7df8f}F .
k'/fgf] ;Qfsf] gf]s/zfxL oGq -d"ntM
;]gf_ lj36g gug'{ / k'h F Lklt ju{dfly
clwgfosTj nfu" gu/]/ 5f]8\bf
k|mfG;leq / aflx/sf k'FhLkltn]
k|ltqmflGt u/]sf lyP . ;j{xf/f
clwgfosTj cToflws ax';V+ ofsf]
cToGt cNk;+Vos k'h F Lklt ju{dfly
clwgfosTj xf] . hals k'FhLjfbL
clwgfosTj cToflws ax';V+ ofdfly
d'77\ Le/sf k'h F Lklt ju{sf] clwgfosTj
xf] . dfS;{ / P+uN] ;n] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf]
3f]if0ffkqdf eGg'ePsf] 5, æklxn]sf
;a} P]ltxfl;s cfGbf]ngx¿ cNkdtsf
cfGbf]ng lyP, cyf{t\ cNk;+Vos
hgtfsf] lxtdf lyP . ;j{xf/f cfGbf]ng
cToflws ax'dtsf] lxtdf x'g] ;r]t /
:jtGq cfGbf]ng xf]Æ .
lrlgofF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq b'O{
nfOg ;ª\3if{sf] Oltxf;, k[i7 !!(,
cg'jfbsM b]j]Gb| ltDnf .
sfn{ dfS;{sf] ;dodf k'FhLjfb
;fd|fHojfbdf ktg eO;s]sf] lyPg .
n]lggn] k'FhLjfbsf] ;fd|fHojfbL
r/0fsf] ;fdgf ug'e { of] . ;fd|fHojfb
eg]sf] o'4sf] ;|f]t xf] . ;fd|fHojfb
k'h
F Ljfbsf] d/0ff;Gg r/0f xf] . xfdLn]
o;nfO{ pQ/–;fd|fHojfb eg]sf 5f}F .
n]lggn] ;fd|fHojfbsf] l;qmL sdhf]/
ePsf] Pp6} b]zdf klg ;dfhjfb
:yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5, eGg'eof] . …/f]6L,
hldg / zflGtÚ sfo{gLlts gf/f
lbg'eof] . …;Dk"0f{ ;Qf ;f]leotnfO{Ú
gf/f ;Qfsf] gf/f lyof] . ToxL gf/fsf]
g]tT[ jdf @% cS6'a/ !(!& df ?;df
;dfhjfbL ;Qf :yfkgf eof] . n]lgg
/ :6flngsf] g]tT[ jdf dxfg\\ ;dfhjfbL
;Qf ;'b[9 ul/of] . n]lgg eGg'x'G5,
æ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj eg]sf]
k' / fgf] ;dfhsf] zlQm tyf
k/Dk/fx¿sf] lj?4 Ps b[ 9 ,
/Stkftk" 0 f{ tyf /StkftxLg,
lx+;fTds tyf zflGtk"0f{, ;}lgs tyf
cfly{s, z}lIfs tyf k|zf;lgs ;ª\3if{
xf] . s/f]8f}F hgtfsf] afgL–a]xf]/fsf]
zlQm Pp6f Hofb} eo+s/ zlQm xf] .
To;}n] ;ª\3if{df vfl/P/ O:kfth:t}
alnof] ag]sf] kf6L{sf] cefjdf, Ps
vf; ju{sf] ;f/f OdfGbf/ tTjx¿sf]
ljZjf;k|fKt kf6L{sf] cefjdf cfd
hgtfsf] dgf]efjgfnfO{ a'‰g /
To;nfO{ abNg ;Sg] kf6L{sf] cefjdf
;kmntfk"js { To:tf] cfGbf]ng rnfpg
c;Dej 5Æ .
dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjjfbL–dfcf]jfbL
;ª\u7gfTds l;4fGt, k[i7 %&, /lStd
k|sfzg, n]lggsf ;+slnt /rgfx¿,
efu @%, k[i7 !() .
;j{xf/f clwgfosTj :yfkgf ug{,
sfod /fVg / lj:tf/ ug{ ;j{xf/f
ju{sf] cu|b:tfsf] ¿kdf sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ cfjZos x'G5 eGg] n]lggsf]
lgisif{ lyof] . lsgls sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
;j{xf/f clwgfosTj nfu" ug]{ ;fwg
lyof] . ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj ;j{xf/f
ju{afx]s c? s'g} u}/;j{xf/f ju{n]
ug{ g;Sg] P+uN] ;sf] klg wf/0ff lyof] .
pxfF eGg'xG' 5, æk]l/; sDo'g -;g\
!*&!_ ;j{xf/f clwgfosTj :yfkgf
ug]{ klxnf] cg'ejn] s] l;4 ul/lbPsf]
5 eg] ;j{ x f/f qmflGt ta;Dd
;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ ;lsGg
ha;Dd j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfbsf
l;4fGtx¿n] lgb]l{ zt ;j{xf/f kf6L{n]
To;sf] g]tT[ j ug{ ;Sb}gÆ .
k|m]8l/s P+u]N;, 8\o'xl/ª dt–
v08g, k[i7 &, k|ult k|sfzg, df:sf],
!(*), lxGbL ;+:s/0f .
k]l/; sDo'gsf] g]t[Tjstf{x¿df
cfbz{jfbsf ;d:ofx¿ lyP . ;Qfsf]
k|ZgnfO{ l7s 9+un] ;dfTg ;s]gg\ .
cg' e jsf] ;d:of t lyof] g} .
;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] ;Gbe{ d f
qmflGtsf/L kf6L{ clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] .
rLg cw{ ; fdGtL / cf}Bf]lus zx/df hg;+Vof Pslqt
cw{cf}klgj]lzs b]z lyof] . ;f]leot
;+3sf] tl/sfn] ;dfhjfbL ;Qf
:yfkgf ug{ ;Dej lyPg . dfcf] T;]
t'ªn] dfS;{jfbnfO{ oflGqs 9+un] xf]Og
lrlgofF ljz]iftfcg';f/ nfu" ug'k{ g]d{ f
hf] 8 lbg' e of] . dfcf] eGg' x ' G 5,
ærLgsf] jt{dfg r/0fsf lglDt aGg
nfu]]sf] Joj:yf rLgsf] Oltxf;sf]
jt{dfg r/0fsf] pkh x'g5 ] / eljiodf
lgs} nfdf] ;do;Dd rLgdf Pp6f
ljz]if ¿ksf] /fHo / /fhg}lts ;Qf
/xg]5 . Pp6f o:tf] ¿k hf] ?;L
Joj:yfeGbf Psbd a]Un} vfnsf] t/
xfd|f lglDt eg] Psbd} cfjZos /
ts{;ª\ut cyf{t\ hgjfbL ju{x¿sf]
cfk;L ;xof]udf cfwfl/t gf}nf]
hgjfbL /fHo / /fhgLlts ;Qfsf]
¿k x'g]5 .Æ
dfcf] T;] t' ª sf ;+ s lnt
/rgfx¿, efu #, k[ i 7 !**,
cg'jfbsM vu]Gb| ;Fu|f}nf, l;h{gzLn
k|sfzg– @)%& .
;f] l eot ;+ 3 df !(!& df
;dfhjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg eof] .
h;df ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTj
lyof] . rLgdf dhb'/, ls;fg /
/fli6«o k'FhLklt ju{;d]tsf] ;Qf
lyof] . h;nfO{ ;dfhjfbL ;Qfk"js { f]
;Qf cyf{t\ hgjfbL ju{x¿sf] ;Qf
elgof] . h;nfO{ …gf}nf] hgjfbL /fHoÚ
elgPsf] lyof] . qmflGtdf efu lnPsf
ju{x¿sf] ;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]tT[ jdf gofF
k| s f/sf] ;+ q md0fsfnLg ;Qfsf]
kl/sNkgf ul/of] . dfcf]n] ;j{xf/f
qmflGt ug'{ jf /fhgLlts ;Qf sAhf
ug'{ qmflGtsf] cGTo geP/ ;'?jft
xf] eGg'eof] . ?;df v|Z' rf]esf] pbo
/ rLgleq} ;+;f]wgjfbsf] huhuL
eO/x]sf] a]nf ;g\ !(^^ df dfcf]n]
dxfg\\ ;j{xf/f ;fF:s[lts qmflGt ;'?
ug'e { of] . ;fF:s[lts qmflGtdf ;j{xf/f
clwgfosTj ;'b[9 ug{ yflnPsf]
lyof] . ;f]leot ;+3sf] kf6L{ /
/fHoleqsf ljs[ltnfO{ lnP/ n]lggn]
lrGtf JoSt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . t/
n]lggsf] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf]n]
qmflGtleq qmflGt cyf{t\ lg/Gt/
qmflGt ;Dej ePg . Tof] ck'/f]
sfdnfO{ dfcf]n] ;'? ug'{eof] . ;f]
;DaGwdf dfcf] eGg'x'G5, ædxfg\\
;j{xf/f ;fF:s[lts qmflGt ;j{xf/f
clwgfosTjnfO{ ;' b [ 9 agfpg,
k'hF Ljfbsf] k'g:yf{kgfnfO{ /f]Sg /
;dfhjfbsf] lgdf{0f ug{ clt cfjZos
5 / cToGt ;dofg'sn " 5Æ .
lrlgofF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq b'O{
nfOg ;ª\3if{sf] Oltxf;, k[i7 !)#,
cg'jfbsM b]j]Gb| ltDnf .
;j{ x f/f ju{ s f] ;Qf k| f Kt
eO;s]kl5 klg k'h F Lklt ju{n] ;Qf
xTofpg] k|of; ul//xG5 . ;dfhjfb
lgdf{0fsf] sfddf cj/f]w l;h{gf
ul//xG5 . lghL :jfldTj, juL{o
cGt/lj/f]w, k5f}6] pTkfbg ;DaGw /
k'/ftg r]tgfn] k|ltqmflGtsf] cfwf/ lgdf{0f
ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . b]zaflx/sf] ;fd|fHojfbL
3]/faGbL / pS;fx6n] k|ltqmflGtnfO{ phf{
lbO/x]sf] x'G5 . ;dfhjfbL ;Qf /
k'h
F LjfbL ;QfdWo] s;n] lhTg] < of] k|Zg
afFsL g} /x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] lg/Gt/ qmflGt
cfjZos x'G5 .
pTkfbg ;DaGwnfO{ Gofok"0f{ /
pTkfbs zlQmsf] ljsf; cg's"n
agfpg ;j{xf/f ;Qf cfjZos x'G5 .
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf dfS;{–
P+ u ] N ; eGg' x ' G 5, æa' h ' { j f ju{ n ]
pTkfbgsf ;fwg, ;Dklt /
hg;+Vofsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f emg\ emg\
sdhf] / kfb} { n} h fG5 . o;n]
hg;+VofnfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf Pslqt
u/]sf] 5, pTkfbgsf ;fwgx¿sf]
s]Gb|Ls/0f u/]sf] 5 / ;DklQ yf]/s } f]
xftdf ;ª\s]Gb|Lt t'NofPsf] 5 .
o;sf]] cjZodefjL kl/0ffd xf]–
/fhgLlts s]Gb|Ls/0fÆ .
sfn{ dfS;{–k|m8] l/s P+uN] ;, /rgf
;ª\ux| , rf/ v08df, v08 !, k[i7 %# .
pTkfbgsf ;fwg / ;DklQsf]
s]Gb|Ls/0fn] s]xL 7"nf Jofkfl/s /
x'G5 . To;n] ubf{ zx/df ef}lts /
dfgl;s c:tJo:ttf r/d x'G5 .
cefj / c;'/Iff a9\5 . hg;+Vofsf]
c;Gt'ngsf ax'cfoflds b'ik|efj
cfpF5g\ . a;fO{+ ;/fO{n + ] cg]s ;d:of
Nofp5g\ . of] ;d:ofn] b]zsf] ;Ldf
gf3]/ e"d08nLs[t ¿k lnG5 .
;DklQ / pTkfbgsf ;fwg s]lGb|t
ePsf] ju{ / e"uf]nn] cGo JolQm /
e"uf]ndfly zf;g / zf]if0f ub{5 .
To;k|sf/sf] /fhgLlts s]Gb|Ls/0fn]
hgtfdf c;Gtf]if k|s6 x'g yfN5 .
g]kfndf To;k|sf/sf] ;d:ofnfO{
6fn6' n ug] { p2] Z on] k~rfotL
Joj:yfsf] pQ/fw{ d f …:yfgLo
:jfoQtfÚ gf/f NofOof] . @)$^
;fnkl5 ToxL gf/f bf]xf]¥ofOof] .
To;}sf] lg/Gt/tf / gofF /+usf] ¿kdf
lxhf]cfh …;+3LotfÚ cfPsf] 5 .
pTkfbgsf ;fwg / ;DklQsf]
s]Gb|Ls/0f u/]/ /fhgLlts :jfoQtf
x'g} ;Sb}g . To;sf] nflu ;DklQ /
pTkfbgsf ;fwg hgtfsf] xftdf
cfpg'k5{ . To;sf nflu ;dfhjfbL
7
;Qf clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] . dfS;{jfbn]
cy{tGqnfO{ ;dfhsf] cfwf/ dfG5 .
cfwf/df kl/jt{g gu/L clw/rgfdf
kl/j{tg x'g} ;Sb}g .
cfh pTkfbgsf ;fwg / ;DklQ
;ft cf}Bf]lus b]z -lh ;]e]g_ sf]
xftdf clt s]Gb|Ls/0f ePsf] 5 .
cem cd]l/sfsf s]xL Psflwsf/
k'FhLkltsf] sAhfdf 5 . To;}n]
/fhgLltsf] s]Gb|Ls/0f klg ltg}
b] z x¿df s] G b| L t ePsf] 5 .
cf}krfl/s cy{df :jtGq eGg] b]zsf
zf;sx¿ cf1fkfns sfl/Gbf ePsf
5g\ . o;/L b]zx¿ k/fwLg ePsf
5g\ . pBf]u / Jofkf/sf] /fli6«os/0f
tyf s[ l ifsf] ;xsf/L x' F b }
;fd' l xsLs/0f gu/L /fhgLlts
:jfoQtf ;'lglZrt x'bF g} .
;dfhjfbL ;Qf :yfkgf x'gf;fy
ju{;ª\3if{ ;dfKt x'bF g} . To;n] nfdf]
;do;Dd ;ª\3if{af6 u'h|g'kb{5 /
qmflGt hf/L /fVg'k5{ . !$ h'g !(^#
df lrlgofF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] ?;L
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nfO{ …ljZj sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngsf] cfd lbzfÚ zLif{sdf
k7fPsf] lr7Ldf eg] s f] 5al:,
æ;j{xf/f ju{n] ;Qf k|fKt u/]kl5
lgs} nfdf] P]ltxfl;s sfn;Dd
ju{;ª\3if{ dfgj OR5feGbf :jtGq
Pp6f j:t'ut lgodsf] ¿kdf hf/L
/xG5 / ;Qf k|fKt ug'{eGbf klxn]sf]
t'ngfdf dfq To;sf] ¿k ablnG5Æ .
dxfg\\ ax;, k[i7 @&, cGt/f{li6«o
k|sfzg, !((*, d'hˆkm/gu/ .
ju{;ª\3if{ /x];Dd clwgfosTj
/lx/xG5 . ;dfhjfbL ;Qfsf]
cfjZostf eO/xG5 . k'h F LjfbL ju{n]
;Qf xTofpg] k|of; ul//xG5 . To;}n]
;ª\3if{sf] ¿k ablnG5 t/ ;ª\3if{
/lx/x]sf] x'G5 . k'hF LjfbL ;Qfn] zf]if0f
/ pTkL8g a9fP/ nU5 t/
;dfhjfbL ;Qfn] juL{o e]bx¿
36fpg kxn u5{ . ufpF / zx/,
dlxnf / k'?if, wgL / ul/a, dfgl;s
>d / ef}lts >d, pRr hftL /
tNnf] hftL, sfnf / uf]/f, cg]s
zf]if0f / lje]bsf ¿kx¿nfO{ 36fpFb}
n}hfG5 . ;dfhjfbdf …x/]sn] cfˆgf]
Ifdtfcg';f/ sfd, x/]snfO{ p;sf]
sfdcg' ; f/sf] bfdÚ gLlt nfu"
ul/G5 . o:tf] ;dfhdf bIf >lds
/ cbIf >lds, pRr clwsf/L /
tNnf] txsf sd{rf/LaLrsf] lje]b
sfod /xG5 . pTkfbs zlQmsf] k"0f{
ljsf; eO;s]sf] x'Fb}g . To;n] ubf{
k' F h Ljfb / ;fDojfbsf] aLrdf
;+qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yfsf] ¿kdf
;dfhjfbL ;Qf cfjZos x'G5 . dfcf]
T;] t'ª eGg'x'G5, æ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
clwgfosTj jf hgtfsf]
clwgfosTjnfO{ ;'b9[ kfg'{ eg]sf]
jf:tjdf ;f] clwgfosTjsf] pGd'ngsf]
nflu / ;j{xf/f /fHo Joj:yf lgd'n {
x'g] dflyNnf] r/0ftkm{ a9\gsf] nflu
cj:yfx¿ tof/ kfg'{ xf]Æ .
dfcf] T;] t' ª sf r' l gPsf
/rgfx¿, efu !, k[ i 7 @&!,
cg'jfbsM s[i0fbf; >]i7, ljljw
k':ts e08f/, sf7df8f}F .
dfgj hflt ljZj ;fDojfbdf
k'Ug]5, To;sf nflu pTkfbs zlQmsf]
k"0f{ ljsf; x'gk' 5{ . ;dfhjfbL ;Qfn]
To;sf] nflu cg's"ntf k}bf ub{5 .
…x/] s n] Ifdtfcg' ; f/sf] sfd,
x/]snfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ bfdÚ
nfu" ug{;Sg] ef}lts cj:yfdf ;dfh
k'U5 . zf]if0f/lxt ;dfh lgdf{0f x'G5 .
To;a]nf g zf]if0f /xG5 g bdg
ug'{kg]{ sf/0f g} /xG5 . hgtfsf
;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿n] Joj:yfkgsf]
lhDdf lnG5g\ . >d sfo{ cl:tTjsf]
k"j; { t{ dflgG5 . :j]lR5s >d, cfbz{
/ cfbt aG5 . clttdfly jt{dfgn]
zf;g u5{ . To:tf] cj:yfdf
/fHo;Qfsf] cf}lrTo /xGg . To;/L
;j{xf/f clwgfosTjn] ck"mn] cfkm}n F fO{
lgif]w u/]/ zf]if0f/lxt ;fDojfbL
;dfh lgdf{ 0 fsf] nflu ef} l ts
cj:yfx¿ lgdf{0f ub{5 .
– hgqmflGtaf6
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$ @)&( ;fn df3 !% ut] cfOtaf/

;8s lgdf{0f cnkq kfg]{ 7]s]bf/ sDkgLnfO{ sf/afxLsf] r]tfjgL kf6L{ Pstf ls la;h{g Û
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{lgs6 o'jf ;+u7g g]kfn sf:sLn]
Ps 7]s]bf/ sDklgnfO{ sf/afxLsf]
r] t fjgL lbPsf] 5 . l;4fy{
/fhdfu{sf] kf]v/fl:yt lj/f}6f–
5f]/]kf6g v08 tf]lsPsf] lglZrt
;do ;lsPsf] ^ dlxgf lalt;Sbf
klg cem} cnkq k/] k l5
:yfgLox?sf] ;xsfo{df g} o'jf ;+u7g
g]kfnn] cfˆgf] ;lqmotf b]vfPsf] xf] .
o;} l;nl;nfdf ;+u7gn] kf]v/f
dxfgu/sf d]o/ wg/fh cfrfo{, kf]v/f
!& sf j8f cWoIf, ;8s l8lehg
kf]v/fsf sfof{no k|dv' ;'af; xdfnnfO{
Wofgfsif{0f ub}{ 1fkgkq a'emfPsf] 5 .
o'jf ;Ë7g g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf
sf:sL cWoIf o'j/fh ;L sf] g]tT[ jsf]
6f]nLn] ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ 1fkgkq
a'emfPsf] xf] .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{lgs6 o'jf
;+u7g g]kfn sf:sLn] a'emfPsf]
1fkg kqdf elgPsf] 5– …xfd|f] dxfg\
tyf uf}/jzfnL ;+u7g o'jf ;+u7g
g]kfn cfˆgf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} ;b}j
hghLljsf, hgtGq, hgclwsf/ /
/fli6«otf;DaGwL ;a} d'2fdf ;+3lif{t
5 . e|i6frf/, sfnf]ahf/L tyf
/fi6« 3 ftL ;lGw–;Demf} t f lj?4
/fHo;Qfdf ePsf Jolylt / ljleGg
;/sf/L tyf u} / ;/sf/L
;+3;+:yfx¿df ePsf r/d\ Jolyltsf
lj?4 ;‹if{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] ;a}df
hfgsf/L 5 . g]kfnsf] kl5Nnf]
/fhgLlts qmflGt / kl/jt{gdf ;d]t
cfˆgf] e"ldsf / alnbfgnfO{ :yflkt
u/]sf] xfd|f] ;+u7g jt{dfg bnfn
;+;bLo cEof;df 8'aN' sL dfl//x]sf]
;'wf/jfbL, blIf0fkGyL, cj;/jfbL,
;fdflhs bnfn k'FhLjfbL zf;ssf]
;Qf la?4 ;+3if{/t 5 .
ldlt @)&%–)#–#) ut] l;+x P08
a|bz{ ljZjf; /fd ;fu/ h]lj sf7df8f}F
sG:6«S;g sDklgn] 7]Ssf kfPsf] kf]v/f
dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+ !& l:yt l;bfy{
/fhdfu{cGtu{t lj/f}6fb]lv 5f]/k] f6g
v08 em08} !=% ls=ld ;8s af6f]
ldlt @)&(–#–#) ut] ;DkGg ug]{ u/L
lnPsf] 7]Ssf ;dod} ;DkGg gx'bF f hgtf
cfqmf]lzt ePsf 5g\ . Ps jif{sf] ;do
cjlw yk u/L @)*)–)#–#) ut];Dd
;DkGg ug{k' g]{ ;8s af6f] %) k|ltzt
klg sfd gx'bF f hgtf cfGbf]lnt ePsf
5g\ . pQm cfGbf]ngdf k|x/Lsf] an
k|of]un] :yfgLo hgtf 3fOt];d]t ePsf
5g\\ l;+x P08 a|bz{ ljZjf; /fd ;fu/
h]lj sf7df8f}F sG:6«S;g sDklgsf]
nfk/jfxLn] lgdf{0f sfo{df l9nf;':tL
x'bF f :yfgLo hgtfsf] :jf:Yo, Joj;fo
/ jftfj/0fdf 7"nf] ;d:of l;h{gf ePsf]
5 . w'nf], w'jfF / lxnf]sf] sf/0fn] b'36{ gf
lgDTofpFbf dfgjLo Iflt ;d]t eO/x]sf]
5 . pQm 36gfk|lt xfd|f] ;+u7gsf]
uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . ;DalGwt
kIfnfO{ ;dod} sfd ;DkGg
ug{÷u/fpg xfd|f] o'jf ;+u7g g]kfn
sf:sL ;r]t ub{5 . cGoyf xfd|f]
;+u7g hgtfsf] kIfdf h:tf];'s}
cfGbf]ngsf] g]tT[ j ug{ afWo x'g5 ] .
pQm cfGbf]ngn] l;h{gf ug]{ Iflt
;DalGwt lgsfo lhDd]jf/L x'g] hfgsf/L
;d]t of] 1fkg kqdfkm{t\ hfgsf/L
u/fOG5 .Ú
kf6L{ Pstf cfkm}Fdf /fd|f] xf] .
cem eGg] xf] eg] l5ofl5of ePsf
sDo'lgi6x? Ps l9Ssf x'g' emg} /fd|f]
xf] . oxfF t h;n] kf6L{ km'6fpF 5
p;}n] sDo'lgi6x? sf] Pstf x'gk' 5{
eG5 . lxhf] dfq wd]{Gb| sd/]8
l;+xb/af/ uP/ s= k|r08;Fu kf6L{
Pstfsf] af/]df s'/fsfgL ePsf]
a'lemG5 . of] /fd|f] kIf xf] . s'g} klg
rLhnfO{ k"jf{ux| n] x]l/g' x'bF g} . o:t}
dfs] / h;kf ldNg] s'/f rn]sf] 5 .
afa'/fd e§/fO{n] lgjf{rgdf dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|sf cWoIf s= k|r08nfO{ uf]vf{df
;3fPsf lyP . Pstfsf] dL7f] cg'el" t
x'G5 t/ km'6sf] tLtf] cg'el" t x'G5 .
t/, ulxl/P/ x]g{] xf] eg] Tof] ldngdf
l;4fGt / ljrf/ ldn]sf] 5 ls 5}g .
Tof] ldngn] km' 6 NofpF 5 ls
NofpFbg} < oL s'/fx?sf] u+eL/ ?kn]
cWoog ug'k{ 5{ .
lj;+ @))^ ;fndf sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf] :yfkgf ePkZrft\ bh{gf}+
kf6L{df km'6 ePsf] 5 . /fodfemLn]
/fhtGqsf] k'R5/ ;dft]sf x'g\ .
To;kl5 ef/t k/:t k'iknfn x'Fb}
dgdf]xg, dbg e08f/L, df]xglaqmd
l;+x, k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08, df]x
a}B ls/0f / ljKnj;Dd cfOk'u]sf]
5 . qmflGtsf] ;jfndf ls/0f;Fu
dtleGgtf ePkl5 ljKnjn] kf6L{
k'gu{7g u/L g]skf :yfkgf u/]sf]
gofF Oltxf; bh{ ePsf] kfOG5 .
cfx'tL / Clif s§]n g]skfsf] df]rf{df
cfa4 5g\ . Pg;]nn] c/af}+sf] s/
/fh:jdf bflvnf gu/]kl5 Pg;]nsf]
6fj/ Wj:t ePsf] xf] . To;kl5
g]skf k|ltalGwt ePsf] xf] em08}
b'O{ jif{;Dd . tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt kl5
dfGotf lbO;s]sf] 5 . o;}n] g]kfn
o'qm]g aGg] ;+efagf 5 t/ g]kfn
o'qm]g gagf];\ oxL sfdgf . g]qlaqmd
rGb ljKnjaf6 :yfgLo r'gfjsf]
;jfndf wd]{Gb| af:tf]nf / ;'bz{g
emk]Gb|/fh j}B
jnL kf6L{af6 cnu ePsf x'g\ .
:yfgLo r'gfj sfo{gLlts ;jfn xf]
t/ cljw]zgdf r"krfk /x]sf wd]G{ b|
cljw] z gaf6 aflx/ cfpgf;fy
l;4fGt / ljrf/ Pp6} eP klg
kf6L{af6 cnu ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{
b'MvnfUbf] s'/f xf] . cfly{s lx;fa
dfUg] ;jfndf g} kf6L{af6 km'6s ] f]
atfOG5 . s]Gb|Lo sldl6df wd]G{ b|sf]
hDdf ( hgf eP klg ax'dt eg]/
8+sf lkl6G5 . kl5af6 t s]Gb|Lo
sld6Ldf hlthgf klg /fVg ;lsG5 .
k|r08af6 sDo'lgi6 Pstfsf]
nflu cfXjfg ul/Psf] 5 . of] /fd|f]
s'/f xf] . t/, ;fd|fHojfbLn] sDo'lgi6
Ps ePsf] x]g{ rfxFbg} g\ . pgLx?nfO{
sDo'lgi6 ;dfKt kfg'{ 5 . clxn]
cd]l/sf, a[6g] , hd{gL cflb b]zx?n]
?;sf] la?4 o' q m] g nfO{ ;xof] u
;+;bsf] kmf]x/L v]ndf ljKnj /
ls/0f;lxtsf ;Rrf sDo'lgi6x?n]
efu glnPsf] cj:yfdf k|r08n]
AofVofTds eg]/ Pd;L;L kf;u/]/
k7fPsf x' g . t/, cd] l /sfn]
AofVofTds zAbnfO{ Tolt dfg]sf]
5}g . t/, ;+;bjfbLnfO{ 6fªd'lg
l5/fO;s] s f] cj:yf 5 . v' N nf
d+rdf ljKnjsf] g]tT[ jdf Pd;L;Lsf]
la?4 P]ltxfl;s ;ef ePsf] huhfx/}
5 . ufpF3/ 6f]n 6f]ndf Pd;L;Lla?4
hgtf pln{Psf x'g\ . ;+;b ejg;Dd
hgtf gf/f nufpFb} k'u]sf x'g t/
xltof/;lxtsf ;]gf, k|x/Ln] lgxTyf
hgtfnfO{ /f]s]sf x'g\ . clxn] km]l/
cd]l/sfn] csf]{ sf8{ kmfn]sf] 5– Tof]
xf] P;kLkL cyf{t\ :6]6 kf6{g;l;k .
clxn] P;kLkL kf;u/fpg] bfpFdf 5
cd]l/sf . bnfn g]tfx?n] klg df}sf
x]l//x]sf 5g\ . o; cj:yfdf kf6L{sf]
PsLs/0fsf] gfddf Pd;L;L
kIfw/;Fu ldNg slt plrt xf]nf <
ls t Pd;L;Ljfnfn] ;fa{hlgs ?kdf
Pd;L;Lsf] la/f]w u/]sf] :6]6d]G6 lbg
;Sg'k5{ . df]xL dfUg hfg] 7]sL
n' s fpg] eg] s f] oxL xf] . kf6L{
PsLs/0fsf] nflu oL ;a} s'/fsf] Vofn
ug'{k5{ . dfly elgPsf] 5 . wd]{Gb|
s]sf] cfwf/df k|r08;fd' uPsf
x'g\ < kf6L{sf] PsLs/0fsf] nflu uPsf
t xf]Ogg < :ki6 x'g'k5{ . kf6L{sf
sfo{stf{nfO{ l/xfO{ u/fpg uPsf] eP
ToxLcg';f/ ;dfrf/ ;+ki|] f0f ug'k{ 5{ .
lsg kf6L{ km'6fOof] < ca s] u/]/
;dfwfg x'G5 < Tof] s'/f hgtfnfO{
a'emfO{ lbg;Sg'k5{ . of] t g cfk"mn]
ug{ ;Sg] g csf{nfO{ ug{ lbg] h:tf]
ePg / < t/ of] k+lQmsf/n] a'em];Dd

/fhwfgL Joj:yfkgsf] gfddf hgtfnfO{ ;f:tL gb]p

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
bfªn] n' l DagL k| b ] z /fhwfgL
Joj:yfkgsf] gfddf /f]Ssf ePsf]
hUufsf] sf/0fn] hgtfn] ef]u]sf]
;d:ofk|lt kf6L{sf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf]
hgfPsf] 5 . g]skf bfªsf ;]qm]6/L
hgs ;Ln] Ps k|; ] lj1lKt hf/L
ub}{ ;f] ;d:ofk|lt Wofgfsif{0f ePsf]
hgfPsf x'g\ . ;]qm]6/L hgsåf/f hf/L
k|]; lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5– …bfª
lhNnf /fKtL ufpFkflnsfsf ;a}
j8fx?, u9jf ufpFkflnsfsf] j8fx?
!, @ / #, l;tu+uf gu/kflnsfsf]
j8f g+= * / ( u/L hDdf !$ j6f
j8fx?df ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv
n' l DagL k| b ] z sf] /fhwfgL
Joj:yfkgsf] gfddf hUuf /f]Ssf eO{
hgtfnfO{ ljleGg vfnsf] ;d:of
kbf{;d]t hgtfsf] ;d:ofk|lt k|bz ]
;/sf/ uDeL/ gePsf] / /fhwfgL
:yfkgf eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t
hUuf km'sj' f gePsf]kl| t xfd|f] kf6L{sf]
uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 .Ú
lj1lKtdf nfdf] ;do;Dd hUuf
km's'jf gx'Fbf To;sf] c;/ Jofkf/–
Joj;fo, a}+lsª sf/f]af/, 3/fo;L
sf/f]af/df kg{ uO{ ljleGg vfnsf
cfly{s ;d:ofx? hgtfnfO{ kg{
uPsf] ;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
g]skf=====
s]xL Odfgbf/ ;+u7gsf ;fyLx¿nfO{
qmflGtsf gfddf e| d df /fv] /
cndNofPsf] lyof] clxn] ;fyLx?n]
a'em]kl5 ;+of]hs;lxt lhNnf 6Ld
g} l9n} eP klg qmflGtsf] kIfdf
plePsf 5g\ . o;nfO{ xfdLn] yk
qmflGtsf] a9\bf] cfjZostf / uxg
lhDd]jf/Lsf] ?kdf lnPsf 5f}+ .Ú pgn]
cfufdL lbgdf ;+u7gnfO{ alnof]
agfP/ hfg] ;d]t atfP .
o; ljifodf g]kfn sDo'lgi6
kf6L{ l gs6 clvn qmflGtsf/Ldf
;dflxt x'bF } g]skf ax'dtlgs6 clvn
qmflGtsf/L 8f]6Lsf ;+of]hs jL/]Gb|
s7fotnufot eQm af]x/f / ho
ef6n] hf/L u/]sf] lj1lKt o; k|sf/
o:t} la1lKtdf :ki6 elgPsf]
5– …hUuf km'sj' fsf] gePsf] cj:yfdf
;d]t kl/l:yltnfO{ ga'emL ljQLo
;+ : yfx?, a} + s x?n] hgtfnfO{
cK7\ o f/f] d f kfg] { , hUuf lnnfd
k|lqmofdf n}hfg] h:tf sfdsfo{
cJojxfl/s b] l vG5 . Psflt/
;/sf/sf] clg0f{o csf]l{ t/ a}s+ x?sf]
tfs]tfn] hgtfnfO{ cK7\of/f] cj:yf
l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . hgtfsf] cK7\of/f]
kl/l:yltk| l t ;DalGwt ;a}
;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] Wofgfsif{0f
eO{ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] lglDt tTk/tf
b]vfpg cg'/f]w 5 . a}+s, ljlQo
;+:yfx?n] ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ul/g] Hofblt
aGb ug{ ;DalGwt ;a} d f o;}
la1lKtdfkm{t\ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}F .Ú
o; ljifodf g]skf bfªsf ;]qm]6/L
hgs ;Ln] hf/L u/]sf] k|; ] lj1lKt
o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5– æ xfd|f] hglk|o
kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ laut nfdf]
;dob] l v /fli6« o tf, hgtGq,
hghLljsf, e|i6rf/ / ;fdflhs
lje]b tyf ljleGg vfn] las[lt
lj;+ultsf] la?4df lg/Gt/ ;+3if{ ub}{
cfO/x]sf] s'/f ;a}df ;a{lalbt} 5 .
bfª lhNnfsf] /fKtL ufpFkflnsfsf] ;a}
j8fx?, u9jf ufpFkfnLsfsf] j8f g
!, @ / #, l;tu+uf gu/kflnsfsf]
g]=s=kf= ax'dt ;d"xsf] clvn -
qmflGtsf/L_sf] 8f]6L lhNnf ;ldltsf]
;+ o f] h s /xF b } cfPsf] / nfdf]
;do;Dd klg pQm ;d"xsf] g ljrf/
g b[li6sf]0f s'g} :ki6 gePsf]n] pQm
kf6L{ / ;+u7gsf] lhDd]jf/Ldf /lx/xg
cfjZos g/x]sf] x'bF f cfhs} ldltaf6
g]skf ax'dt kf6L{ / ;+u7gdf g/x]sf]
ljifo o;} k|]; gf]6dfkm{t\ hfgsf/L
u/fpF b } cfhs} ldltaf6 sd/] 8
g]qljqmd rGb -ljKnj_ n] g]t[Tj
u/]sf] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / pQm
kf6L{ s f] eft[ ;+ u 7g clvn -
qmflGtsf/L_ df k|j]z u/]sf] Aoxf]/f
o;} k|]; lj1lKtdfkm{t\ hfgsf/L
u/fOG5 .
gf]6M dnufot d]/f] g]t[Tjdf
j8f g+= (, u/L hDdf !$ j6f j8fx?df
klg cem} sl/a Ps ;ohgf
sf/fuf/df a;]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;}
qmddf !) hgf xf]gxf/ o'assf]
bM' v b lgwg ePsf] 5 . clxn]
lbO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ?;n] klg
;fd|fHosfbL xdnf /f]Sg o'qm]gdf
cfqmd0f ul//x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfn]
;f/f ljZj sAhf ug]{ ;kgfdf ?;
b]v;] Dd dxf;lrj ljKnjsf] /fhg}lts
ofqf lg/Gt/ rln/x]sf] 5 . ljleGg
sfo{qmdsf ;fy j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf]
ofqf s}of}+ uf}8f uN5]8f kf/ ub}{
laut nfdf] ;do cufl8b]lv n'lDagL cd]l/sfn] Pd;L;Lsf] dfWodaf6 afws ag]sf] 5 . ?; zlQmzfnL PsLs[t qmflGtsf] af6f]af6 cufl8
k|bz
] sf] /fhwfgL Joj:yfkgsf] gfddf g]kfnnfO{ ;f]em} cfqmd0f u/]sf] gePsf] eP cfh;Dd g]kfn ;d]t al9/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . of] ofqfnfO{ ;fy
hUuf /f]Ssf eO{ hgtfnfO{ ljleGg cj:yf 5 . g]kfn o'qm]g x'gaf6 ;;fgf b] z x?nfO{ cd] l /sfn] lbg tdfd b]zeStx?sf] vfFrf] /x]sf]
vfnsf] ;d:of kbf{ ;d]t hgtfsf] arf];\ eg]/ g} cGt/f{li6«o txdf /fVb}gYof] . Pd;L;Lsf] ;jfndf 5 . pTkLl8t ju{, >lds, ls;fg
;;:ofk|lt k|b]z ;/sf/ uDeL/ tfnd]n x'g cfjZos 5 . t/, Pstfsf hgo'4sf gfos k|r08nfO{ dhb"/ tyf ;Dk"0f{ Gofok|d] Lx?n] ;fy
gePsf] / /fhwfgL :yfkgf eO;s]sf] g]kfnsf] bnfn ;/sf/n] o'qm]gnfO{ ;d]t cd]l/sfn] p7a; u/fPsf] 5 . lbg h?/L 5 .
ca:yfdf ;d] t hUuf km' s ' j f
gePsf]kl| t xfd|f] kf6L{sf] Wofgfsif{0f
ePsf] 5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd hUuf
km'sj' f gx'bF f To;;sf] c;/ Aofkf/
JolQmut 36gf ;dodf g} btf{ u/fcf}+
Aoj;fo, a}lsË sf/f]af/, 3/fo;L
sf/f]af/df kg{ uO{ ljleGg vfnsf
cfly{s ;d:ofx? hgtfnfO{ kg{ uPsf]
Ø hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw ljR5]b tyf a;fO{;/fO{
b]lvG5 . o:tf] cK7\of/f] ca:yfdf
;d]t kl/l:yltnfO{ ga'emL ljQLo h:tf JolQmut 36gf ;dodf g} btf{ u/f}+ u/fcf}+ .
;+ : yfx?, a} + s x¿n] hgtfnfO{
cK7\of/f]df kfg],{ hUuf lnnfd k|lqmofdf
n}hfg] h:tf sfdsfo{ cJojxfl/s
Ø JolQmut 36gf btf{ JolQm klxrfgsf] klxnf] cfwf/ xf] .
b]lvG5 . Psflt/ ;/sf/sf] clg0f{o
csf]l{ t/ a}s
+ x?sf] tfs]tfn] hgtfnfO{ Ø o:tf 36gf #% lbgleq :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf]
cK7\of/f] ca:yf >[hgf ePsf] 5 .
hgtfsf] cK7\ o f/f] kl/l:yltk| l t
;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf]
sfof{no -j8f sfof{no_ df lgMz'Ns ?kdf btf{
Wofgfsif{0f eO{ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] lglDt
tTk/tf b]vfpg cg'/f]w 5 . a}s + x?,
ug{ ;lsG5 .
lalQo ;+:yfx?n] ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ul/g]
Hofblt aGb ug{ ;DalGwt ;a}df o;} ljsf;sf of]hgf th{d' f ug{, /fHoaf6 gful/snfO{
lj1lKtdfkm{t\ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .Ú
bnfn===== k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf ;'ljwf ;'lglZrt ug{,
k|ltztsf] rsf]{ Jofh b/df C0f nufgL
eO/x]sf]df lrGtf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . pgn]
cfˆgf] kf6L{n] kfFr 5 k|ltztn] ;x'ltno
hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f cBfjlws nufotsf sfo{sf
C0f g]kfnL o'jf Joj;foLx?n] kfpg' kg]{
s'/f p7fPsf] atfpFb,} rlqmo Jofhb/n]
nflu JolQmut 36gf btf{ cfjZos 5 .
cfh t/fO{, lxdfn kxf8df a}Í tyf
n3'ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] g]kfnL o'jf
Joj;foLx?nfO{ n'l6/x]sf] 7f]sj' f u/]sf
5g\ . dxf;lrj ljKnjn] o:tf] cj:yfdf
b]zsf ;a} gful/sx? ljsNksf] Joj:yf
/ af6f]df nfUg' kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ .
b]zsf]=====
;L, ;'lgn ;L, ;+3if{ ;L, cfd'n ;L,
anjfg ;L, sdn ;L, ljsNk ;L /
;'lzn ;Lnufotn] cfˆgf] wf/0ff k|:t't
u/]sf lyP . g] k fn ;/sf/

lj1fkg af]8{
/x]sf] 5– æxfdL nfdf] ;dob]lv /x]sf] clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ ax'dt o;}u/L, pQm a}7sdf :yfoL sld6L
g] k fnsf] qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{ 8f]6Lsf] lhNnf ;ldlt ;Dk"0f{ laKnj ;b:ox? e/t ;L, lzn' ;L, uf]sn ' ;L,
cfGbf]ngdf /x]sf] ljifo ;j{ljltt} g]t[Tjsf] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / ljifd ;L, k|sf08 ;L / dxf;lrj
5 . o;} ;Gbe{df s]xL ;dob]lv pQm kf6L{lgs6 clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ ljKnjn] kf6L{ sfo{ef/ / cfufdL
wd]{Gb|, ;'bz{gsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] df k|a]z u/]sf 5f}F .Ú of]hgfaf/] k|lzIf0f dGtJo /fv]sf lyP .
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
] , b]jLgu/, kmf]gM %!&@^%%