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rf/hgf ;b:o k7fpg] lg0f{o ul/Psf]
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dfgljo hLjg, >d / cy{tGq
>d dfgjåf/f ul/g] sfd xf] .
hLjg >dåf/f ;+ / lIft k[ Y jLsf]
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/ cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . Tof]
cy{tGqn] dfgjsf] ;]jf ug]{ x'gk' b{5 .
k'h
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;fdGtx?sf] dfq ;]jf ub{5 . ;Dk"0f{
dfgjhfltsf] ;]jf ug{sf] nflu
;dfhjfbL cy{tGqsf] cfjZostf
kb{5 . ;dfhjfbL cy{tGq j}1flgs
;dfhjfbn] k}bf ub{5 . dfgj hLjg,
>d / cy{tGq Pscsf{sf kl/k'/s
x'g . hj of] wtL{df dfgj hfltsf]
hGd eof] Toltj]nfb]lv g} >dsf] hGd
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sfvdf x'ss {] f] x'G5 >dsf] d'Vo >f]t
dfgj xf] eg] cy{tGq dfgljo >dn]
km'nfPsf] ;'Gb/ k"mn xf] . dflg;n]
>d ub{5 / dfgjLo >dn] ;jn
cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f ug{ d2t ub{5 .
olb dfgj / >daLrsf] ;dGjo x'bF g}
lyof] eg] cy{ tGqsf] hGd ;Dej
lyPg . ;jn hgkIfLo cy{tGq ljgf
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dlxgfdf cfnf]kfnf] x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf]
5 . h'g kf6L{n] a}7ssf] cWoIftf u5{
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;+/rgfcGtu{t s]Gb|, k|bz ] / :yfgLo
tx /xg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . h;cGtu{t
s]Gb|df k|To]s kf6L{jf6 rf/–rf/hgf
/xg] 5g eg] k|bz ] df k|To]s kf6L{jf6
tLgj:–tLghgf / :yfgLo txdf k|To]s
kf6L{jf6 b'O–{ b'Oh
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;d]t u7g u/]sf] 5 . h;df g]kfn
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cfjZostf 5 . jfRgsf] nflu vfgf
ljqmd ;L
rflxG5 vfgf dfgljo >daf6 ;[hgf
x'G5 / ;jn cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f x'G5 .
hldgdf kmNg] cGgafnL s[lifsfo{n]
k}bf ub{5 . s[lif g} cy{gGqsf] cfdf
jf hGdbftf xf] . hgtfsf] s[lif ljgf
hgtfsf] cy{ t Gq ;Dej 5} g .
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k7fpFbf ;dfj]lztfnfO{ Wofg lbg' kg]{
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;+nUg bnx?n] df]rf{sf] gLlt, sfo{qmd
/ p2]Zo lakl/t sfo{ gug]{ t/ cfˆgf]
kf6L{ut sfo{ eg] ug{ kfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf]
atfOPsf] 5 . pQm a}7sn] ;dfhjfbL
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cy{tGqljgf :jfwLg b]z ;Dej 5}g .
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cfwfl/t kf6L{ xf]Ogg\ . sDo'lgi6
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g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 /fhgLltsf af/]df
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d+l;/df g]kfn cfPsf lyP . ;f]xL jif{sf] kmfu'g !% df Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf /fhgLlt stf hfFb}5 / g]kfnsf
;+;b\af6 cg'df]bg ePsf] lyof] . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? s] x'g\ eGg] s'/fsf]
o;}u/L, ut h]7df ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bLn] pb\3f6g u/]sf] gjlgld{t 7DofO{df d2t ug]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
dfS;{jfbsf cfwf/e"t k|:tfjgfx?df
;+;b ejgsf] cufl8 /flvPsf] …cv08 ef/tÚ elgPsf] gS;fdf g]kfnsf] dfn]dfjfb, cGt/f{li6«o efOrf/f,
slknj:t' / n'lDjgLnfO{ ;d]6/] x:tIf]ksf/L / cltqmd0fsf/L gLltsf] phfu/ ;fF:s[lts qmflGt, an k|of]u /
u/]sf] 5 . oL / o:tf bh{gf} /fi6« / hg;/f]sf/sf ljifodf ;/sf/, ;+;b\jfbL ;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTjnfO{ lng]
bn / g]tfx?sf] Wofg hfg ;s]sf] 5}g / pgLx? c;kmn ;fljt ePsf 5g\ . ul/G5 . g]kfnsf k|foM sDo'lgi6
of] ;/sf/, ;+;b\jfbL bn / g]tfx?sf] dfq c;kmntf geP/ ;du| ;+;bLo kf6L{x?n] pk/f]St k|:tfjgfnfO{ ;xL
9+un] ckgfPsf 5}gg\ dfq xf]Og,
Joj:yf s} c;kmntf xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf b]z / hgtfsf] vflt/ ca ckgfpg] k|of;;d]t klg ul//x]sf
cfdqmflGtsf/L / k|ultzLn bn / g]tf Psh'6 eP/ cufl8 a9\gk' 5{ . o; 5}gg\ . dfS;{jfbL /fhgLltsf] d"n
c;kmn ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] lasNk vf]Hg' clgafo{ ePsf] 5 . oxL /fhgLlts cfwf/ ju{ ;+3if{sf] /fhgLlt xf] .
;+s6 lgjf/0fsf nflu g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{, g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|, g]skf - h;leq cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts
PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL_ / hgtf ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ -h;kf_ n] ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ / hftLonufotsf ;+3if{x? ;dfa]z
u7g u/]sf 5g\ . h;sf] nIo b]zdf ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{' /x]sf] atfOPsf] ePsf x'G5g\ . dfgj ;dfh eg]s}
juL{o ;dfh xf] . hxfF hfg]/ jf
5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg g} ;dfhjfbf]Gd'v ePsf]n] cfˆgf] ghfg]/ klg lg/Gt/ ju{;3+ if{ e}/x]sf]
bnsf] nIo b]zdf ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug]{ /x]sf tdfd /fhgLlts bn ;dfhjfbL x'G5 . h;nfO{ sDo'lgi6 /fhgLlt ug{
df]rf{df ;fd]n x'gk5{ / ToxL df]rf{sf] andf b]zdf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf rfxg]x?n] ;'lgof]lht 9+un] zf]lift
ug{s' f] ljsNk 5}g . kLl8t / ;j{xf/f ju{sf] kIfdf xn
t;y{, cfdqmflGtsf/L, k|ultzLn, ;Rrf nf]stGqjfbL bn, g]tf / ug'{kb{5 eGg] xf] . o;}sf nflu
dfS;{ j fbLx?n] hgtfsf
;r]t gful/sx? ;dfhjfbL df]rf{df ;fd]n x'g}k5{ / oxL df]rf{sf] anaf6 cGtla{/f]wx?sf] ;xL ;~rfng s;/L
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] h/f] pv]n]/ b]zdf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{' k5{ . ug]{ eGg] s'/fsf] klg AofVof /
cfhsf] cfjZostf, ;dosf] dfu / hgrfxgf klg oxL 5 . laZn]if0f u/]sf 5g\ . h'g kf6L{
ju{;+3if{sf] l;4fGtnfO{ ckgfpFb}g,
Tof] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{g} xf]Og .
zf]lift kLl8t hgtfsf] kIfdf
jsfntug]{ g]tT[ jbfoL ;+u7g eg]s}
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ xf] . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
lgdf{0fsf] ;}4flGts cfwf/ eg]sf]
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb xf] . To;}n]
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
sDo'lgi6x?n] hgtfsf] ;]jfnfO{ k|dv
lbg], hgtfnfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ / hgtfs}
andf cfkm\gf] /fhgLlt cufl8 a9fpg]
k|oTg ug'k{ b{5 . cGoyf g]kfnsf]
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng ;xL 9+un] cufl8
a9\g ;Sb}g . sDo'lgi6sf] vf]n cf]9/]
sf+u;]| sf] /fhgLlt ug]x{ ?n] s]xL ;do
JolQmut nfe xfl;n unf{g\ t/ zf]lift kLl8t hgtfsf nflu s]xL
klg x'gj] fnf 5}g .
dfn] d fjfbnfO{ gckgfpg] x ?n]
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ePsf] bfjL ug'{ cfkm}dF f
/fhgLlts a] O dfgL xf] . h:tf]
g]kfndf Psy/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n]
;fdGtjfbsf] gfOs] kf6L{ g]kfnL
sf+ u | ] ; ;F u bL3{ s fnLg ;xsfo{
ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] Tof] sd{
ju{;+3if{sf] l;4fGtsf] 7Ls lakl/t
s'/f xf] . pgLx?n] To;/L g]kfnL
sf+u; ]| ;Fu ;xsfo{ ug'k{ gf{sf ljleGg
ts{x? cufl8 ;fg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . olb
zf]lift, kLl8t g]kfnL hgtfsf] kIfdf
/fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf nflu sDo'lgi6
;d"xx?n] sf+u|];;Fu s]xL ;dosf
nflu ;xsfo{ ub{5g\ eg] Tof] ;xL
x'G5 . h:tf] )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngdf
ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf
nflu sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] s]xL ;dosf
nflu g]kfnL sf+u; ]| ;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]sf
lyP . )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng ;kmn
ePkl5 sDo'lgi6 / sf+u|];sf] af6f]
cnu ePsf] lyof] . sf+u; ]| n] To;kl5
ax'bnLo ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ ckgfP/
;Qf /fhgLltdf k|az ] u/]sf] lyof]eg]
sDo'lgi6x?n] ax'bnLo Joj:yfnfO{
…v;Lsf] 6fpsf] /fv]/ s's'/sf] df;'
a]Rg] Joj:yfÚ eg]sf lyP . sDo'lgi6
gfdsf] k|of]u ug]d { Wo] klg Pdfn]n]
kf6L{sf] a}7saf6 cf}krfl/s?kd}
lg0f{o u/]/ dfcf] ljrf/wf/f kl/Tofu
ub} { hgtfsf] ax' b nLo hgjfb
ckgfPsf] lyof] eg] p;n] ;Qf
/fhgLltnfO{ /f]h]sf] lyof] . To;kl5
p;n] ax'bnLo ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{
g} cfkm\gf] ;a{Zj 7fGof] . ljrf/sf
' tf
lx;fjn] Pdfn] / sf+u; ]| lgs6 b]lvP .
To;}n] g]sf+ / Pdfn] s}og k6s
;Qfdf kIf / k|ltkIf tyf s}og
k6s ;Qf ;fem] b f/ klg eP .
Pdfn]x? /fk|kfsf g]tfsf] g]t[Tjdf
;/sf/df hfg klg lxrlsrfPgg\ .
s] x Ln] )$^ ;fnsf] /fhgLlts
kl/jt{gkl5 ePsf] )$* ;fnsf]
lgjf{rgnfO{ pkof]u u/] . t/, To;af6
cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts clei6 k"/f gx'g]
7x/ u/]kl5 hgo'4sf] af6f] klg
ckgfP . sltko sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n]
ax'bnLo ;+;bLo Joj:yfcGtu{tsf]
;Qfdf hfg ?rfPgg\ . )$^ ;fndf
/fhgLlts kl/jt{g ePsf] elgP klg
Tof] gfd dfqsf] x'g k'Uof] . sf+u;]| x?n]
k"jk{ ~rsf] l;sf] u/] eg] Pdfn]x?n]
klg g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] l;sf] u/] .
h;n] u bf{ )$^ df k' g :yf{ l kt
ax'bnLo Joj:yf )%* x'Fbf gx'Fb}
;+s6u|:t eP/ b]zdf km]l/ lg/+sz ' /fHosf ljleGg c+ u df juL{ o
/fhgLltdf k| a ] z u/] s f] lyof] .
sltko sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] ju{;+3if{
leqsf] Pp6f c+z hftLo ;+3if{nfO{
dfq k|dv ' tf lbP . h;n] /fhgLltdf
;fDk|bflotfsf] k|a]z x'gk'Uof] . s]xL
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] To;nfO{ klxrfgsf]
cfa/0f lbP . hftLo klxrfgsf] kl5
nfu]sf x'gfn] pgLx?n] cfly{s,
;d]t ;Dks{ ug{ 5f8]sf 5g\ . a?
g]kfnsf s]xL sDo'lgi6 gfdwf/L
kf6L{x? ef/tsf] u}/sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
efhkf;Fusf] ;xsfo{df /x]sf 5g\ .
o;cl3 g]kfnsf sltko sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf g]tfx?sf] ;DaGw ef/tLo
sf+u|]; cfO{;Fu /x]sf] b]lvGYof] .
g]kfnsf sltko sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n]
lrlgofF sDo'lgi6 kf6L{nfO{ rLg
e|d0fsf nflu dfq pkof]u ug]{ u/]sf]
b] l vPsf] 5 . pgLx?n] lrlgofF
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{;Fu cGt/+u efOrf/f
;DaGw sfod u/]sf] jf ug{ rfx]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5}g . g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6
kf6L{x?n] ;f+:s[lts qmflGttkm{ vf;}
cfkm\ g f] Wofg s] l Gb| t ul//x] s f
5}gg\ . a? sltkon] k/Dk/fut wd{
;+:s[ltnfO{ ckgfpFb} uPsf] b]lvPsf]
5 . g]kfndf xfn;Dd klg %))
jif{cl3 b]lvsf ;f+:s[lts kj{x?
oyfjt\ /x]sf 5g\ .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf k| u ltzLn
;flxTodf ;d]t sdL cfPsf] 5 .
k/Dk/fut ;+:s[lt / ;flxTosf unt
kIfsfaf/]df ax;;d]t x'g 5f8]sf]
5 . ;j{xf/f ju{sf] clwgfosTjsf]
s'/f t sfuhdf dfq ;Lldt 5 .
;dfa]zL x'gk' g]d{ f hftLo ;dfa]zLsf
s'/fx? NofOPsf sf/0f sltko zf]ifs
;fdGtx? g} hftLo cf/If0fsf]
ca/0fdf /fHosf] dflyNnf] txdf k'Ug
;kmn ePsf 5g\ . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf
g]tfx?n] zf;g u/]sf] cj:yfdf klg
e|6frf/ df}nfpFbf] 5 . gftfjfb,
s[kfjfb / zf]if0f a9\bf] 5 . u/Lj

vfBfGg ;+s6 dxfdf/Lcl3sf] :t/eGbf dfly Û ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ;+3if{nfO{ e'n] .

sf7df8f}F . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo
lgsfon] ljut ;ft jif{;Dd ljZjdf
ef]sd/L a9\b} uPsf]df ;g\ @)@@
df ef]sd/L j[l4sf] cj:yf l:y/ t/
dxfdf/Lcl3sf] :t/eGbf dfly /x]sf]
atfPsf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo vfB
tyf s[lif ;Ë7g, cGt/f{li6«o s[lif
ljsf; sf]if, o'lg;]km, ljZj vfB
sfo{qmd / ljZj :jf:Yo ;Ë7gn]
tof/ kf/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;g\ @)#)
;Dddf pGd"ng x'g] ;Defjgf g/x]sf]
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ut jif{ ^(
s/f]8 !) nfvb]lv &* s/f]8 #)
nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf dflg; ef]sd/Lsf]
;fdgf u/]sf lyP cyf{t\ cf};tdf
&# s/f]8 %) nfv dflg; ef]sd/Lsf]
rk]6fdf k/]sf k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .
;g\ @)!( df ljZj hg;+Vofsf] &=(
k|ltzt ef]sd/Ldf /x]sfdf ;g\
@)@@ df of] ;+Vof a9]/ ( . @
k|ltzt k'us ] f] 5 . …:6]6 ckm km'8
;]So'l/6L P08 Go'l6«;g Og b jN8{Úsf]
k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ;g\ @)@! b]lv
@)@@ sf] aLrdf vfB ;Í6 sl/a
#* nfv dflg;sf] ;+Vofdf sdL
cfPsfn] jflif{s j[l4 …/f]lsPsf]Ú xf] .
clk| m sf, klZrd Pl;of /
Sof/]laog If]qdf ef]sd/L cem} a9\b}
uPsfn] cfTd;Gt'li6sf] s'g} 7fpF
gePsf] clwsf/Lx¿n] r]tfjgL lbPsf
5g\ . of] k|ltj]bg …ljZj cem} klg
ljZjJofkL dxfdf/Laf6 u'lh|/x]sf]] /
clxn] o'qm]gdf o'4sf] kl/0ffd;Fu
h'lw/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfPsf] xf] . o;n]
vfB / pmhf{ ahf/nfO{ yk
emsemsfPsf] 5 .
;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹sf cg';f/ ;g\
@)!( otf oL ;Í6n] yk !@ s/f]8
@) nfv dflg;nfO{ ef]sd/Ldf
8'afPsf] 5 . ædxfdf/Lkl5sf] cfly{s
k'gM ?Tyfgn] l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg
d2t u¥of] t/ o'qm]gsf] o'4sf sf/0f
vfBfGg / pmhf{sf] d"Noj[l4n] ;fdfGo
k|ultnfO{ sdhf]/ agfPsf]df s'g}
zÍf 5}gÆ k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf] 5 .
k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf] 5, æof]
cg'dfgn] ef]sd/L …ca ljZjJofkL
:t/df al9/x]sf] 5}gÚ t/ of] …sf]le8–
!( dxfdf/Lcl3sf] :t/eGbf lgs}
dfly 5 / ef]sd/Ld'Qm ljZjsf] lbuf]
ljsf; nIoto:–@ xfl;n ug] {
dfu{ a f6 lgs} 6f9f 5 . ;+ o ' Q m
/fi6«;‹sf lgsfox¿sf cg';f/
ljZjn] cfˆgf] k|of;nfO{ bf]Aa/
agfpg ;s]g eg] ;g\ @)#) ;Dddf
ef]sd/L, vfB c;'/Iff / s'kf]if0fh:tf
;a} k|sf/sf vfn ;Í6nfO{ pGd"ng
ug]{ nIosf] kx'Fraflx/ /xg]5 .
;+ o ' Q m /fi6« ; ‹sf dxf;lrj
PG6f]lgof] u'6/] ; {] n] Ps lj1lKt hf/L
ub}{ ;g\ @)#) sf] kf]if0f nIo xfl;n
ug]{ lbzfdf s]xL If]q cl3 a9]sf]
atfpg' e Psf] 5 . t/, ;du| d f
eGg'kbf{ lbuf] ljsf; nIonfO{ psf:g
xfdLnfO{ tLj| / tTsfn ljZjJofkL
k|of;sf] vfFrf] 5 .
;+oQ' m /fi6«;‹sf] dxf;efn] ;g\
@)!% df tof/ kf/]sf] lbuf] ljsf;
nIodf ef] s d/L / ul/aLsf]
cGTonufot !& j6f cGt/;DalGwt
p2]Zo ;dfj]z 5g\ . olb k|ultsf]
ult cl3 a9\g ;s]g eg] ;g\ @)#)
;Dddf klg sl/a ^) s/f]8 dflg;
ef]sd/Lsf] rk]6fdf kg{ ;S5g\ . vfB
c;'/Iff / s'kf]if0fsf k|dv ' sf/sx?
åGå, cfly{s ;Í6, k|fs[lts ljklQsf
;fy} c;dfgtf gj;fdfGo aGg
k'us] f] ;+oQ ' m /fi6«;‹sf lgsfox¿n]
r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o
s[lif ljsf; sf]ifsf k|d'v cNef/f]
nfl/of]n] eGg'eof], æxfdLn] h'g s'/fsf]
sdL dx;'; ul//x]sf 5f},+ Tof] eg]sf]
nufgL / /fhgLlts OR5fzlQm xf] .Æ
ljZj vfB sfo{qmdn] ut d]
a? klxrfgsf] /fhgLltn] k/Dk/fut
;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fug]{ sfd u¥of] .
hgo'4 ePsf] elgPsf] b]zdf
hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/L vf8L d'n'sdf /
;Qf / zlQmdf /x]sfx?sf 5f]/f5f]/L
/ cfkmGtx? ;xh} ;Qf / zlQmdf
k'Ug]qmd hf/L 5 . hxflgofF elgPsf
dlxgfdf ;f] d flnof, s] G of /
cfh klg k/Dk/fut e" t k| ] t df /f0ff / /fhfsf zf;gx? 9n] klg
Olyof]lkofsf b'O{ s/f]8 #) nfveGbf
cfwfl/t hfqf / rf8ka{x? sfod} /fhgLltdf g]kfndf hxflgofFtGqsf]
a9L dflg;nfO{ clgsfn kg]{ r]tfjgL
/xg' pk/f]St s'/fsf] tfhf pbfx/0f xfn;Dd cGTo x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cfh
lbPsf] lyof] . ;g\ @)@@ df ljZjsf
xf] . b]zsf s]xL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? klg Pp6} kl/jf/sf s}og AolQmx?sf]
!) dWo] tLghgf u/L sl/a @ ca{
hftLo klxrfglt/ nfu]sf sf/0fn] kf6L{ / zf;g ;Qfdf x}sd sfod}
$) s/f]8 dflg; dWod jf uDeL/
b]zsf] klxrfg x/fpFb} uPsf] 5 . 5 . g]kfnsf sltko sDo'lgi6x?n]
vfB c;'/Iffaf6 kLl8t ePsf lyP .
vf;df cfhsf] @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf an k| o f] u sf] l;4fGtnfO{ eg]
dxfdf/Ln] w]/} dflg;sf] cfodf
klg hftLo /fhgLlt ug] { x ? k|d'vtfsf ;fy pkof]u ug{] u/]sf]
c;/ kf/]sf] / o'qm]g o'4sf sf/0f
sDo'lgi6 xf]Ogg\ . pgLx?n] 3'dfp/f] b]lvPsf] 5 . Tof] an k|of]u klg
d"No j[l4 ePsf] / caf}{+ dflg;
kf/fn] k'/fg} ;fdGtjfbL Joj:yfsf] dfn]dfjfbdf cfwfl/t eg] b]lvPsf]
lskmfotL :j:y cfxf/sf] kx'Fraf6
;+/If0f ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . xfn ljZj 5}g . h;nfO{ AolQmut / ;d"xut
al~rt ePsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo
;fd|fHojfbn] cfkm\gf] km'6fp / zf;g :jfy{ ;fwgfdf k|of]u ug]{ ul/Psf]
lgsfox¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . ;+o'Qm
u/ eGg] gLltsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog kfOG5 . g]kfndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ u7g
/fi6«;‹sf] tYofÍcg';f/ ut jif{
/ sDo'lgi6 la/f]wL xs{tnfO{ cufl8 ugf{;fy ls t ;Qfsf] e¥ofª r9\g
tLg ca{ !) s/f] 8 eGbf a9L
a9fpgsf nflu lrxfgdf k'lu;s]sf] k|oTg ug]{ ls eg] ad / aGb"ssf]
dflg;;F u :j:y / ;Gt' l nt
hftLo s' / fnfO{ plbg] / cufl8 hf]xf]lt/ nfUg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . vf;df
cfxf/sf nflu kof{Kt k};f lyPg .
Nofpg] k|of; ul//x]sf] 5 . o;/L pk/f] S t b' a } s' / f unt
8An'PkmkLsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
sltko sDo' l gi6 ;d" x x? x'g\ . sDo'lgi6x?n] hgtfsf] ;]jfnfO{
l;G8L DofSs]gn] a'waf/ r]tfjgL
ju{;+3if{sf] /fhgLltaf6 lad'v x'Fb} k|d'vtf lbg], hgtfnfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{
lbFb} eGg'eof], æef]sd/L al9/x]sf]
k/f] I f?kdf ;fd| f HojfbLx?sf] / hgtfs} andf cfkm\gf] /fhgLlt
5 eg] clt hf]lvddf /x]sfx¿sf]
xltof/÷dltof/ aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . cufl8 a9fpg] k|oTg ug'{kb{5 .
;'/Iffsf nflu xfdLnfO{ tTsfn
hf] ;+ o ' S t /fi6« ; + 3 sf] gLltnfO{ cGoyf g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng
cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]tx¿ vt/gfs
sfof{Gjog ug{÷u/fpg cu|;/ 5g\ . ;xL 9+un] cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g .
¿kdf sd eO/x]sf 5g\ .Æ
g]kfnsf sltko sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] sDo'lgi6sf] vf]n cf]9]/ sf+u|];sf]
DofSs] g sf cg' ; f/ xfdLn]
cGt/f{li6«o efOrf/f ;DaGwnfO{ /fhgLlt ug] { x ?n] s] x L ;do
clxn];Dd b]v]sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
la;]{sf 5g\ . olt;Dd ls g]kfnsf JolQmut nfe xfl;n unf{g\ t/
dfgjLo r'gf}tLsf]¿kdf ef]sd/Lsf]
k|foM sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] l5d]sL rLg zf]lift kLl8t hgtfsf nflu s]xL
;d:ofsf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf 5f}+ .
/ ef/tsf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?;Fu klg x'gj] fnf 5}g .
 @)*) ;fn c;f/ #! ut] cfOtaf/
g]kfndf /fhgLlts ;+s6 M sf/0f / k|efj
g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts ;+:sf/nfO{ x]g{]
xf] eg] ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf kmf]xf]/L
/fhgLlts v]n ePsf] b]z g]kfn xf]
eg]/ lrlgPsf] 5 eGbf cGoyf
gxf]nf . lsgeg] /fhgLlt eg]sf]
b]zsf] eljio s:tf] agfpg] / Tof]
b] z sf hgtfx?nfO{ Tof]
/fhgLltsdfkm{ t \ cfˆgf] b] z sf]
;'/IffgLlt s:tf] agfpg] / Tof] b]zsf
hgtfx?sf] zf;g;Qf
;Grfnsx?sf] gLlt s:tf] agfpg]
eGg] s'/fnfO{ g} /fhgLlt elgG5 .
t/, xfd|f] b]zsf d'Vo /fhgLlt gLlt
lgdf{tfx¿ c¿ b]zsf] O;/fdf rNg]
/ ljb]zL bnfnx¿ ePsf sf/0fn]
ubf{ g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ leqLo of]hgf
h'g b]zsf] bnfn xf] Tof] b]zdf
l/kf]l6{ª ug]{ ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{
oxfFsf] /fhgLltdf ;+j}wflgs /
k| z fl;gs ¿kdf ;+ s 6 cfPsf]
b]lvG5 . oL dflysf ;Dk"0f{ 7fpFx¿df
;+s6 cfPsf sf/0fn] cfh g]kfnL
hgtfx¿n] w]/} 7"n–7"nf cfly{s,
/fhgLlts, ;fF:s[lts ;+s6sf] ;fdgf
ug{' k/]sf] 5 .
pBf]u Aoj;fo, Jofkf/L, sd{rf/L,
ls;fg, dhb' / , lzIfs,
ljBfyL{nufot ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfn]
b'Mv kfPsf 5g\ Tof] eg]sf] g]kfnsf
bnfn g]tf / ;+;bLo Joj:yfn]
lgDTofPsf] /fhgLlts ;+s6 g} xf] .
of] ;+s6af6 d'Qm x'g / g]kfnnfO{
:jtGq agfpgsf nflu ;a}eGbf
klxnf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnsf c;dfg ;lGw
;Demf} t fx¿ vf/] h L / j} 1 flgs
;dfhjfbL Joj:yf cfhsf] Ps dfq
lglj{sNk ljifo xf] eGg] s'/f ;+;b\jfbL
bn / bnsf ultljlwaf6 lSno/
eP/cfPsf]5 . Tof] eg]sf] k'/fgf ;lGw
vf/]h xf]Og gofF ;lGw u/]/ b]z
c¿nfO{ lbg] bn / bnsf s]xL g]tf
ePsf] sf/0fn] g} xf] .
;g\ !*!^ sf] ;'uf}ln ;lGw
b]lvotf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ c;dfg /
/fli6«o lxtljk/Ltsf ;lGw;Demf}tf
vf/]h gu/];Dd g t g]kfnL hgtfn]
zflGt kfpg] 5 g\ , g t ljb] z L
bnfnx¿nfO{ of] b]z ] af6 x6fpg ;lsg]
5 . o;sf] nflu lgDg ljifox¿df
;Dk" 0 f{ g] k fnL hgtfn] /fli6« o
:jfwLgtf / hghLljsfsf] af/]df
a'‰g cfjZos b]lvG5 .
s _ k/lge{ / /fhgLlts
;+ : sf/sf] cGTo
/fhgLlt eg]sf] /fHo ;Grfn ug]{
gLlt x'G5, Tof] gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ 7fpF
;a}eGbf /fd|f] / :jtGq /fi6« /
hgtfsf] lxtnfO{ ;jf]k{ l/ /fv]/ ;Dk"0f{
of]hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog ug{ /
b]zsf] pGglt, k|ult, :jfwLgtf,
:jtGqtf, zflGt / ;d[l4nufotsf
;Dk"0f{ s'/fx¿ hgtfx¿sf] eljio;Fu
;DalGwt /x]/ b]z ljsf;df n}hfg]
d'Vo ynf] eg] s} /fhgLlts x'G5 .
o;nfO{ h'g b]zn] ;xL tl/sfaf6
k|of]u ug{ ;S5, Tof] b]zn] k|ult
u/]sf] x'G5 . h'gb]z /fhgLlts
¿kdf cfTdlge{/ x'G5, :jtGq x'G5,
Tof] b]z ljsf; lgdf{0fdf cu|efudf
g} x'G5g\ t/ h'gb]z k/lge{/ eP/
a;]sf] x'G5 tL b]zx¿ ul/j, ljb]zLsf]
x:tfIf]kdf r'nD'{ d} 8'as
] f x'G5g\ . /fHo
/ hgtfaLrsf] cljZj;lgotf olt
w]/} x'G5 ls s;}n] sG6«fn ] ug{ g}
g;lsg] ePsf] x'G5 . e|i6frf/n] b]zs}
a]OHht ePsf] x'G5 / bnfnx¿sf]
laulauL, e|i6frf/, sld;gsf] v]nn]
b]z g} cfqmfGt ePsf] x'G5 . ;Dk"0f{
zf;g ;Qfdf Tof] b] z sf
bnfnx¿dfkm{t\ ljb]zLx¿n] x:tfIf]k
u/] s f x' G 5g\ . Joj:yflksf,
sfo{kflnsf, Gofokflnsfnufot
;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgf ;+s6} ;+s6af6 rn]sf]
x'G5 / cfˆgf b]zsf hgtfnfO{ c¿
b]zsf z/0ffyL{ agfP/ a:g] bnfnx¿
x'G5g\ . of] Joj:yf hlxn];Dd /xG5,
Tof] a]nf;Dd b]z k/lge{/ x'G5 .
oL dflysf ;Ddk"0f{ s'/fx¿nfO{
cWoog ug]{ xf] eg] cfh g]kfnL
/fhgLltdf w] / } h ;f] s' / fx¿
ldNbf]h'Nbf]5 / o;sf] d'Vo sf/0f
eg]sf] g} k/lge{/ /fhgLlts ;+:sf/
c;xdfg ;lGw ;Demf}tfx¿ s} sf/0fn]
ePsf] xf] . ;a}eGbf klxnf k/lge{/
/fhgLlts ;+:sf/sf] cGTosf] nflu
cj:yf dfq xf]Og ls bnfn Joj:yf
g} d'Vo ;d:of eP/ cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
o;sf] ;xL tl/sfn] xn gu/Lsg
vfnL sf]/f efif0f, r'gfj / ;/sf/
kl/jt{gn] dfq xn ug{ vf]h] eg]
cfheGbf ef]ln emg\ w]/} 7"n7"nf
laklQx¿ g] k fn b] z / g] k fnL
hgtfn] ef] U g' kg] { 5 . g] k fndf
/fhgLlts ;+s6 cGTosf] nflu
;a}eGbf klxnf /fHo / hgtfaLrsf]
ljZjf;sf] aftfa/0f, bnfn /fHo
Joj:yfsf] cGTo bnut /fhgLlteGbf
/fi6« / hgtfsf] nflu /fhgLlt eGg]
/fhgLlt ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; cfhsf]
/fhgLlt ;+s6sf] ;xL ;dfwfg /
k/lge{/ /fhgLlt ;+s6sf] cGTo
j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfbn] dfq ug{
;lsG5 . c¿ cfhsf] Joj:yf /
g] t fx¿af6 xf] O g ls PsLs[ t
hgqmflGt / Tof] ax;sf kj{t sd/]8
laKnj ;Lnufosf g]tfx¿af6 dfq
;Defj 5 .
of] k/lge{/ /fhgLltssf] af/]df
g] k fnsf /fi6« « j fbL, b] z eQm,
qmflGtsf/L bnx¿ / g]kfnL hgtfsf]
aLrdf cGt/lqmof jf hgdt ;+ux| n]
dfq k/lge{/ /fhgLlts ;+s6sf] ;xL
;dfwg lbg ;lsG5 . of] ljifodf
tof/ x'g] /fi6«jfbL bnx¿sf] Ps
;+oQ ' m df]rf{ agfP/ cufl8 hfg] ;f]r
ePsf bnx¿ /fi6«jfbL x'g ;S5g\,
of] s'/fsf] la/f]w ug]{ bnx¿ ljb]zLsf
bnfnx¿ x'g\ eGg]af/] ;a}eGbf klxnf
g]kfnL hgtfn] a'‰g'k5{ .
kl/jt{ g sf/L / qmflGtsf/L
/fhgLlts bnx¿n] of] ljifodf Ps
df] r f{ agfP hfg' k g] { x' G 5 . of]
k|lqmofsf] ;'?jft g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ s f] ( cf} + dxflwj] z g /
dxflwj]zgaf6 lgjf{lrt g]t[Tjn]
;fxl;s sbd rfn] s f] 5 . of]
g]tT[ jnfO{ xfdL ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfn]
;fy lbg' cfhsf] cfjZostf ePsf]
5 . of] s'/f ha;dDd g]kfnL hgtfn]
a'e\mb}g ta;Dd k/lge{/ /fhgLlts
;+s6sf] cGTo ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 . lsgeg]
g]kfndf bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yf 5,
of] Joj:yf eg]sf] hgtfaf6 r'lgg]
/ hgtfnfO{ g} 9f6]/ cfˆgf b]zsf
hgtfeGbf ljb]zLsf] u'nfd x'g' uj{
ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf] sf/0f k/lge{/
/fhgLltaf6 dfly p7fpg ufx|f] x'G5 .
o;sf] nflu g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfˆg}
/fHo Joj:yf j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
Joj:yfn] dfq k/lge{/ /fhgLlts
;+s6sf] cGTo ug{ ;lsG5 .
v_ /fHo / hgtfaLrsf] ;DaGw
/fHo eGg] lalQs} hgtfsf]
cleefjsTj eg]/ a'‰g' kb{5 / xf]
klg . b]zsf] cleefjs eg]sf] ;Dk"0f{
hgtfx?sf] ;'v–b'Mvdf Gofo lbg] /
b]z cK7\of/f]df kbf{ ;fy lbg] /fHo
/ /fHo dfly ljb]zLsf] x:tIf]k x'Fbf
/fHonfO{ ;ft lbg] hgtf rflxG5 .
ha;Dd hgtf / /fHo sf] ;DaGw
/fd|f] x'Fb}g ta;Dd hgtf / /fHosf]
;DaGw klg /fd|f] x'Fb}g lsgeg]
hgtflagfsf] /fHo / /fHolagfsf]
hgtf x'gx' bF' g} . oL b'a} Ps l;Ssfsf
b'Oe{ fu h:t} x'G5g\ . of] s'/f g]kfndf
nfu" x'g g;s]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ cfh
g]kfndf /fhgLlts ;+s6 cfPsf] xf]
eg] s'/f Aojxf/tM ;txdf cfPsf]
5 . Tof] eg]sf] /fHo ;~rfns /
g]kfnL hgtfsf aLrdf w]/} 7'N7"nf
cGt/la/f] w b] l vG5g\ . of]
cGt/la/f]w cfpg'sf d'Vo sf/0f
eg]s} clxn]sf] bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yf
/ Tof] Joj:yf leqsf d'Vo ;Qf
;~rfng ug]{ g]tf / g]tfxx?sf]
hgtfx?nfO{ x]g{] b[l:6sf]0f v/fa x'g'
xf] eGg] s'/f g]kfnL hgtfn] a'‰g]
u/L aflx/ cfPsf] 5 .
of] Joj:yf / Joj:yf ;~rfnsx?
gkm]l/Fbf;Dd g t g]kfnLsf] Gofosf]
;+efjgf x'g]5 g t hgtfsf] /fHo
cfpg]5 . lsgeg] of] t bnfn
ch{'g ;L
/fHoJoj:yf xf] . hgtfaf6 lgaf{lrt
eP/ hgtfnfO{ g} n'6g\ ] Joj:yfnfO{
bnfn /fHo Joj:yf eGb5g\ . of]
Joj:yf g} cfh g]kfndf rnL /x]sf]]
sf/0fn] ubf{ g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ hgtfn]
b'Mv kfPsf 5f}+ .
bnfn /fHo Joj:yfsf] gLlt
eg]sf] cfTdlge{/ xf]Og ls k/lge{/
eP/ a:g] x'G5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og
cfˆgf] b]zsf] pTkfbgeGbf c? b]zsf]
pTkbg NofP/ vfg], cfˆgf b]zsf
;Dk" 0 f{ gbLgfnf, pBf] u ,
snsf/vfgfx? ljb]zL bnfnx?nfO{
;'Dkg] / Tof] b]zsf] bnfnx?nfO{
;Dk"0f{ lrh lbP/ v';L agfpg] /
hgtfx?sf] af/]df, b]zsf] af/]df s]xL
klg g;f]r]/ ljb]zL bnfnx?nfO{
b]zsf hgtfeGbf 7"nf] ;+:sf/ ug]{
/ 7"n7"nf /fi6««3ftL ;lGw;Demf}tf
u/]/ b]znfO{ k/lge{/ agfpg] bnfn
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] gLlt ePsf]
sf/0fn] cfh g]kfndf /fHo;Qf /
g]kfnL hgtfx?sf] aLrdf ;DaGw
lalu|Psf] xf] . o;nfO{ ;'wfg]{ xf] eg]
bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] cGTo /
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfsf] af/]df
g]kfnL hgtfn] ;xL ;dfwfg lbgsf
lglDt Joj:yf xf]Og ls cj:yf km]/]
k'U5 eGg]x¿nfO{ xf]Og Joj:yf g}
v/fj eGg] bn / kf6L{nfO{ ;fy
lbg'k5{ .
To;sf] nflu bnfn /fHo Joj:yf
xf]Og ls g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfˆg} /fHo
Joj:yf– j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf
Nofpg] Tof] dxfg cleofgdf nfUg'
k5{ / bnfn ;+;bLo /fHo Joj:yfsf]
e|ddf nfUg' x'Fb}g eg] s'/f cfh
g] k fnsf] /fhgLlts ;+ s 6n]
b]vfOlbPsf]5 . lsgls bnfn /fHo
Joj:yf / bnfn ;Qf eg]sf] g]kfnL
hgtfsf] xf]Og /x]5 eGg] s'/f r'gfjL
u7aGwgb]lv /fi6««klt r'gfj;Dd
g] k fnsf ;+ ; bjfbL bnx?sf]
/fhgLlts v] n x?n] k| d fl0ft
ul/;s]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ /fHo /
hgtfx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ;+s6 cfPsf]
xf] . of] ;d:of / ;+s6nfO{ xn ug{
ca xfdLx¿ bnfn ;+;bLo k'h F LjfbL
/fHo ;Qf xf] O g ls j} 1 flgs
;dfhjfbL /fHo ;Qf lgdf0f{sf]
cleofgdf nfUg cfhsf] Ps dfq
ljsNk b]lvG5 . b]z / hgtfsf]
af/]df sfd gug]{ bnfn k'FhLjfbL
Joj:yfsf] eGbf ;of}+ u'0ff j}1flgs
;dfhjfbL Joj:yf /fd|f] x'G5g\ eg]
s'/f ljZjdf sf]le8 dxfdf/Ldf :k:6
x'g k'Uof] .
oL dflysf /fhgLlt, cfly{s,
;f+:s[lts ;+s6x¿ clxn]sf] bnfn
k'h
F LjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yfaf6 ufx|f]
5 . / ljb]zLx¿sf] x:tIf]ksf] cGTo
;Dej 5}g . a}b]lzs x:tfIf]k cGTo
ug{ / hgtfsf] cfˆg} Joj:yf
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfn] dfq
ug{ ;S5 . Tof] eg]sf] PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzf / g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jn] dfq k"/f
ug{ ;S5 .
3 _ cfTdlge{ / pTkfbg k| 0 ffnL
/ cy{ t Gqsf] ljsf;
h'g g]tfn] ;do / ultnfO{ a'em]sf]
x'G5, Tof] g]tfn] cfˆgf] b]zsf] pTkfbg
k| 0 ffnL / cy{ t Gq ljsf;sf]
ultsf]af/]df a'em]sf] x'G5 . h'g
b]zsf] g]tfn] ;do, ult, >d;Fu
cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ a'em]sf x'G5g\ tL
g]tfx¿n] dfq cfTdlge{/ pTkfbg
k| 0 ffnL / cy{ t Gqsf] ljsf;sf]
lgodnfO{ a'‰g] ub{5g\ . cfTdlge{/
pTkfbg k|0ffnL / cy{tGqsf] ljsf;sf]
lgodnfO{ a'‰g] g]tfx¿n] cfˆgf] b]z
cfTdlge{/ agfpg] of]hgfsf] sfdnfO{
cfˆgf] b}lgsLdf xfn]/ b]znfO{ cufl8
a9fpg] klg u/]sf x'G5g\ . h'g g]tfn]
;do / ultnfO{ a' e m] s f] x' F b } g
ltgLx¿n] cfTdlge{/ pTkfbg k|0ffnL
/ cy{tGq ljsf;sf] s'/} 5f]8f} :jod
cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ klg a'em]sf x'bF g} g\ .
cfTdlge{/ xf]Og ls k/lge{/ eP/
a;]sf x'G5g\ . csf]{ zAb kof]u ug]{
xf] eg] ljb]zLsf bf; of lev dfu'jf
eP/ a;]sf x'G5g\ .
h'gb]z cfTdlge{/ x'G5 Tof]
b]znfO{ :jfljj]sL tof/Lsf ;fy
cfˆgf] b}lgsL / of]hgfdf s'g} afwf
ca/f]wx¿ k|fo sd} cfpg] ub{5g\ .
h'g b]z / b]zsf g]tfx¿ k/lge{/
eP/ a;]sf x'G5g\ ltgLx¿nfO{ b}lgsL
¿kdf x/]s vfnsf ;d:ox? s'g} g
s'g} ¿kdf cfPs} x'G5g\ . b]zsf] sfd
/ of]hgfdf :jtGq x'g] aftfa/0f g}
x'Fb}g a¿ c¿b]zsf sdf/ -bf;_
eP/ a:g'sf] ljsNkeGbf c¿ x'g
;Sb}g . of] s'/f b]zdf dfq xf]Og ls
Tof] b]zsf hgtfdf klg nfu" x'G5 .
clg b]z / hgtfdf nfu" ePkl5
/fHo ;Qfdf klg nfu" x'G5 / b]z
ljsf; xf]Og ls ljgfzsf] k|lqmofdf
cufl8 a9]sf] x'G5 . vfg] ufF;b]lv
a:g] af;;Dd ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx¿df
k/lge{/ eP/ a:g'kg]{ afWotf x'G5
/ Tof] b]z ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] c¿ b]zsf]
clwgfosTjdf a:g'sf] j'sNk x'bF g} .
oL dfly pNn]lvt s'/fx? x]bf{
;fdfGo t/ gkTofpg] vfnsf klg 5g\ .
;fFRr} cfˆgf] hLjgsf] b}lgsL / cfhsf]
g]kfnL /fhgLltnfO{ x]b{} hfg'eof] eg]
cfTdlge{/ pTkfbg k|0ffnL / cy{tGqsf]
ljsf; ug]{ cj;/, ;do / g]kfndf
cfPsf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lt
;+s6nfO{ ldnfP/ hf]8g\ ' eof] eg] of]
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg s] clxn]sf] bnfn
;+;bLo x'G5 / < of] s'/f h'gb]zn]
a'em]sf] x'G5, Tof] b]zn] k|ult u/]/
cufl8 hfG5 h'g b]zsf g]tfx¿n]
a'em]sf x'Fb}g tL b]zx¿ nf]k eP/
x/fPsf x'G5g\ eGg] pbfx/0fx¿ w]/}
5g\ of] s'/f ljZjdf klg kfOG5g\ .
xfd|f] b]z g]kfn glhs} l;lSsdsf]
Oltxf;nfO{ x]bf{ x'G5 . g]kfndf klg
ljb] z Lsf] v] n d} b fg x' F b } 5 eGg]
s'/fdf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfn] a'‰g
cfjZos b]lvG5 .
ª _ j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfbL /fHo
Joj:yf cfhsf] cfjZostf
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb dfgj hfltnfO{
ju{ljxLg, hfltljxLg, /fi6««ljxLg,
wd{ljxLg, :jtGq, ;dfg, zfGt,
j}1flgs / ;d[4 b'lgofFdf k'¥ofpg] dfgj
;Eotf xf] . j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
ljrf/wf/f csf6\ o la1fgsf
tYox¿;lxt pGgf;f}F ztfAbLdf ;+;f/
xNnfpFb} pbo ePsf] Joj:yf xf] . cfh
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf lj?4 ss;{
xNnfx? km}lnFb} 5g\ eg] Tof] xNnf k5fl8
cfh klg k'h F LjfbL dfq xf]Og ls s}of}+
gSNnL sDo'lg:6 bnfn ;+;bLo ef;df
r'nd' { } 8'as
] fx¿n] klg of] xNnf lkmhfpFb}
>lds ju{nfO{ e|d kfb}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
pkxf;, e|d, cft+ssf] 5fofd'lg
;d|f6 kf]k / dflnsx¿nfO{ :tAw kfb}{
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL ;Qf Ps dfq
ljsNk xf] eGg] s'/f g]kfnL /fhgLltdf
b]lvFb} cfPsf] 5 . of] cfh dfq xf]Og
ls dfS;{, Pª\uN] ;sf] ;dob]lv cfh;Dd
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb –;fDojfbL /fHo
Joj:yfsf] hgtfsf] /fHoJoj:yf xf] eg]
s'/fdf s'g} e|d 5}g t/ klg cfpFbg}
lsg < o;sf] af/]df cfh g]kfnL
/fhgLltdf ax; ug{ cfjZos 5 .
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb– ;fDojfbL /fHo
Joj:yfsf] If]qdf ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ /
k|dv ' cg';Gwfg g} j}1flgs ;fDojfb
xf] . j}1flgs ;fDojfb cfh;Ddsf
dfgj ;dfh / ;Eotfx¿sf] pRrtd
Pad\ pTsif{sf] ;+Zn]if0f xf] . of] o:tf]
kl/sNkgf xf] h;nfO{ em§ x]bf{ Ps
cfbz{jfbL :jKg, sNkgf h:tf] dx;';
x'G5 t/ of] To:tf] sfNklgs of
cfbz{jfbsf] sNkgf xf]Og hf] l;km{
sfNklgs dgf]sfª\Iffsf] dGqåf/f lgb]l{ zt
x'G5 . a¿ of] o:tf] j}1flgs / j:t'jfbL
kl/sNkgf xf], hf] xhf/f}+ tYox¿åf/f
kl/:s[t ePsf]5 / Ps j}1flgs
k|ltlaDasf] ¿kdf cleAoQm ePsf] 5 .
of] Joj:yf g} hgtfsf] Joj:yf–j}1flgs
/fHo Joj:yf x'G5 .
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb eg]sf] sDo'lg:6
;dfh xf] . sDo'lg:6sf] cy{ ;d'lxs
eg] x'G5 . sDo'lg:6 ;dfh eg]sf] o:tf]
;dfh xf] h;df ;a} dflg;x¿
ldlnh'nL ;fd'lxs >d ub{5g\ of]
Joj:yfnfO{ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL /fHo
Joj:yf eGb5g\ . j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
/fHo Joj:yfdf k|To]s AolQmn] cfˆgf]
of]Uotfcg';f/sf] sfd / sfd cg';f/sf]
bfd kfpg] hgtfsf] /fHo Joj:yfnfO{
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf eGb5g\ .
cfh g]kfndf bnfn /fHo Joj:yfdf
/x] s f n] v gbf;x¿ j} 1 flgs
;dfhjfbsf] lj?4df n]Vb}5g\ lsgeg]
ltgLx¿ k'h F Ljfbsf gfOs] / bnfn
/fHoJoj:yfsf n]vs / k'h F Ljfbsf
nDk6x¿ ePsf] sf/0fn] la/f]w ub{5g\ .
ltgLx¿nfO{ of] s'/fsf] 1fg 5 ls bnfn
k'hF Ljfb / k'hF LjfbL /fHo Joj:yfsf]
af/]df n]v gn]Vbf cfk"m / cfˆgf]
n]vgzf}nLsf] cGTo x'G5 eGg] 8/ xf] of
k'h
F Ljfbsf nDk6 g} ePsfn] xf] eGg]
s'/f ef]ln k|dfl0ft xf]nf . csf]{ s'/f
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb ;fDojfbL /fHo
Joj:yfsf] af/]df dfS;{bl] v cfh;Ddsf
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / kf6L{sf g]tfx¿n] w]/}
nfdf–nfdf AoVof u/]sf 5g\ t/ o;nfO{
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL ;Qf / /fHo
Joj:yfdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{ ;s]sf 5}Ggg .
o;n] ubf{ klg k'h F LjfbLx¿sf tL
nDk6 n]vsx¿n] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf]
lj?4 n]v n]vg] df}sf kfPsf 5g\ .
o;sf] af/]df g]kfnsf k|ultzLn,
/fi6«jfbL o'jfx¿n] w]/} n]v n]v/]
j}1flgs /fHo Joj:yf / PsLs[t
hgqmflGtn] dfq cfh g]kfnsf] ;xL
/fHo Joj:yf Nofpg ;S5 eGg] s'/fsf]
lgisif{ lgsfNg' kb{5 . Tof] eg]sf] ;g\
!*@$ sf] la|6g] , k|mfG;, hd{gL, cflbsf
sfNklgs ;dfhjfbLx¿ cf]jg] , km'l/o,
;fOdgx¿n] zf;snfO{ v'zL kfg{
ckgfPsf] sfNklgs ;dfhjfb zflGtk"0f{
tl/sfn] Nofpg ;lsG5 eGg] g]kfnsf
gSsnL sDo'lg:6 ljrf/sf] n]vx¿ xf]Og
ls dfS;{ Pª\uN] ;n] ;g !*$* sf]
3f]if0ff kqdf n]vs] f] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
/fHo Joj:yf cfh g]kfndf clgjfo{
ePsf]5 eg] n]vx¿ n]Vg cfjZos
b]lvG5 . Tof] eg]sf] bnfn ;+;bLo
Joj:yfsf] cGTo / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
/fHoJoj:yf g} hgtfsf] Joj:yf xf] .
cfh g]kfndf dfq xf]Og ls ljZjdf
g} cfjZos b]lvG5 . lsgeg] h'g
7fpFdf bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yf 5 tL
b]z x/]s lx;fan] c;kmn ePsf 5g\ .
of] lsg c;kmn eGg] s'/f ;+;bLo
Joj:yfnfO{ ;g\ !(%^ df u2f/ v|Z' rf]en]
bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfdfkm{t\ j}1flgs
;dfhjfb Nofpg ;lsG5 eGb} ljZjsf]
sDo'lg:6 ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{
e|li6s/0f u/]/ >lds ju{ / qmflGtsf/L
hgtfnfO{ /fHo ;Qfaf6 cnu /fv]/
3
an k|of]uaf6 xf]Og ls zflGtk"0f{
tl/sfn] Nofpg ;lsG5 eGb}
;fd|fHojfbL / bnfn k'h F LjfbL;Fu
;xsfo{ u/]/ ;Qf lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5
eGg] e|d NofPsf] s'/f cfh g]kfnsf
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x¿ klg d'Qm x'g ;s]gg\
/ hgtfsf] an k|of]uaf6 k'/fgf] ;Qf
Wj+z / gofF ;Qf÷ hgtfsf] j}1flgs
;dfhjfbL ;Qf lgdf{0f ;lsFbg} eg]
gsf/fTds ;f]r ePsf sDo'lg:6 w]/}
ePsf] sf/0fn] klg g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf
;+s6 cfPsf] xf] .
r_ ;xL /fhgLlts g]t[Tj
g]tT' j eGa] lalts} ;a}eGbf /fd|f]
/ /fi6« tyf hgtfsf] nflu sfd ug]{
/fhgLlts g]tT[ j ug{ ;Sg] ;a}sf]
g]tfnfO{ ;xL /fhgLlts g]tT[ j eGb5g\ .
g]tT[ jsf] kl/efiff w]/} 5g\ / xf]nfg\ klg
d'Vo u/]/ ljZjdf b'O{ k|sf/sf
g]tT[ jx¿ xfdLn] ;'gs ] f / b]vs ] f 5f}+ .
!_ k'“hLjfbL g]t[Tj M k'h
g]tT[ j eg]sf] k'h F Lklt ju{ / k'h
F LjfbL
F LjfbL
r]tgfaf6 kl/rflnt ePsf] ;f/f
;+;f/sf ;Dk"0f{ j:t' cfˆgf] clwgfoTjdf
/fVg] / zf]if0f, bdg, cGofo, cTofrf/
ug]{ / ljZjsf hgtfsf]af/]df xf]Og ls
cfˆgf] af/]df h] klg ug{ tof/ x'g] /
lghL :jfldTjdf /dfpg] k'h F LjfbL
Joj:yfnfO{ cfˆgf] Joj:yfdf ;Lldt
s]xL dfG5]x¿sf] clwgfosTjdf /fv]/
l;Ë} ljZj lgoGq0f u/]/ AolQm laz]if
gLlt agfP/ rnfpg vf]Rg] g]tT[ jnfO{
k'h F LjfbL g]tT[ j elgG5 . of] g]tT[ jn]
zflGt xf]Og åGå ¿rfpg], hgtfnfO{
clwsf/ xf]Og bdgdf /fVg], gLlt lgdf{0f
ubf{ hgtfsf] kIfdf xf]Og ls s]xL
k'hF Lklt ju{sf] lxt / ljb]zL bnfnx¿
v';L kfg]{ gLlt lgdf{0f sfo{df ¿rfpg]
g]tT[ jnfO{ k'hF LjfbL g]tT' j elgG5 .
h:t} l;lSsdsf] n]08'k bf]h]{,
o'qm]gsf h]ng] :] sL, g]kfnsf gofF elgg]
bnx¿ h:t}, /la, 1fg]Gb|, u+ug h:tf
lsgeg] s'/f /fli6«otf w]/} ug]{ t/ sfd
rflxF ljb]zL bnfnx¿sf] ug]{ / b]z
a] r ] / cfˆgf] b] z nfO{ bnfn
k'h
F LjfbLx¿nfO{ lbg] / b]z / hgtfnfO{
c¿sf] dhb'/ bf; agfP/ /fVg]
g]tT' jx¿nfO{ k'h F Lklt g]tT[ j eGb5g\ .
@_ ;jf{ x f/f ju{ s f] g] t [ T j M
;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]tT[ j eGgfn] ul/vfg]
>lds, ls;fg, dhb'/, dWod ju{sf]
cfˆg} /fHo ;Qf lgdf{0f u/]/ j}1flgs
;dfhjfbL Joj:yfdf n}hfg] g]oT[ jnfO{
;j{xf/fsf] g]tT[ j eGb5g\ . vf; u/]/
cfh ljZjsf] /fhgLltdf b'O{j6f
wf/df cufl8 cfO/x]sf] kl/a]zdf
ljZjn] ;j{xf/fju{sf] ;xL g]t[Tj
vf]lh/x]sf] / e"d08nLs[t k'h F Ljfbn]
;j{xf/f–>lds ju{nfO{ gofF tl/sfn]
bf; agfpg vf]lh/x]sf] /fv]sf] a]nf
;j{xf/fju{sf] @! cf}+ ztfAbL / >lds
ju{sf] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL /fHo
Joj:yf :yfkgf u/]/ k'h F Ljfbsf x/]s
r'gf}tL;Fu n8g] ;fx; ug]{ g]tT[ jnfO{
;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;xL g]tT[ j ug{ ;Sg]
g]t[TjnfO{ ;af{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tj
eGb5g\ .
g]tT[ j eg]sf] /fi6« / hgtfsf] lxt
x'g,] /fli6«otfsf x/]s r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf
ug{ ;Sg] ;xL / ;xfl;s ljifo xf] .
of] g]tT[ j cfh g]kfndf 5 Tof] eg]sf]
PsLs[ t hgqmflGt / j} 1 flgs
;dfhjfbL /fHo Joj:yf Ps dfq
hgtfsf] Joj:yf xf], bnfn ;+;bLo
Joj:yf xf]Og / x'g ;Sb}g eGg] g]tT[ j
xf] . Tof] eg] s f] PsLs[ t
hgqmflGtdfkm{t\ j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
/fHoJoj:yf Nofpg] p2]Zo / nIodf
b[9 /x]sf] g]tT[ j xf] . o;sf] g]tT[ j
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / o;sf
dxf;lrj laKnj ;Lsf] g]tT[ j g} xf] .
lsgeg] ca g]kfndf k6s–k6s
c;kmn ePsf] bnfn ;+;bLo k'h F LjfbL
/fHo Joj:yfaf6 xf]Og ls g]kfnL
hgtfsf] cfˆg} /fHoJoj:yfn] dfq ;xL
;dfwfg lbg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft
ePsf] 5 .
 4 @)*) ;fn c;f/ #! ut] cfOtaf/
/fi6« / hgtfnfO{ 7Ug]], sfg"gsf] bfo/df cfpnfg\ <
Rffx] /fhgLlts bn xf];\ of
Jofkf/L . pgLx?sf] 7uLwGbf ca w]/}
lbg l6Sg ;Sb}gF eg]/ kl5Nnf] ;do
;j{;fwf/0f hgtfn] a'lem;s]sf 5g\ .
clxn] ef6e6] g L ;' k /dfs] { 6 sf
;~rfns ldgaxfb'/ u'?ªnfO{ ks|fp
kbf{ hgtf ;/sf/sf] jfxjfx
ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx? cem} pBf]u
jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf k"j{cWoIf z]v/
uf] N 5f / jt{ d fg cWoIf rGb|
9sfnnfO{ klg ;dfTg'kg]{ atfpF5g\ .
lsgls d'n'se/sf] ;/sf/L hUuf,
u'7Lsf hUuf sfg"g Joj;foL;Fusf]
ldnf]dQf]df cfkm\gf] / cfkmGthgsf]
gfddf btf{ ug]{ oLg} tLg hgf x'g\
eg]/ hgtfn] yfxf kfO;s]sf 5g\ .
olt dfq geO{ ;o ?k}oFfsf]
;fdfg kfFr ;odf a]r/] pkef]Stf
7Ug] / caf]{ /fh:j 5Ng] klg oLgLx?
g} x'g\ . ;fy}, lbg/ft sfd nufP/
dlxgfsf] ^–& xhf/ tna lbP/ >d
zf]if0f ug]{ klg oLg} x'g\ . ca
;/sf/n] Joj;foL eg] / o:tf
7ux?nfO{ 5f]8\g' x'Fb}Fg .
pgLx?sf] ;DklQ 5fglag u/L
u}/sfg"gL ?kdf cfh{g u/]sf] ;DklQ
;a} /fli6«os/0f ug'k{ 5{ . sf/afxLsf]
bfo/df Nofpg'k5{ . ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtf klg o:tf 7ux?nfO{ ;dfTg'k5{
eg]/ ;8sdf plqg'k5{ . k|r08
;/sf/n] ca o:tf bnfn,
dflkmofnfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{sf] ;f6f]
h]ndf sf]Rg'k5{ .
;/sf/n] of] sfd ug]{lalQs}
ahf/df dxFuL 36\5, /fh:j ;+sng
x'G5 / >d zf]if0f klg cGTo x'G5 .
;/sf/n] laxfg !) ah]b]lv a]n'sf
% ah];Dd sfd ug]{ >ldsnfO{
clgjfo{ dfl;s !% xhf/ $ ;o
afn'jf6f/sf] ;/sf/L hUuf lxgfldgf k|s/0fsf 7"nf df5fx?nfO{ slxn] ;dfTg] <
k| w fgdGqL k' i ksdn bfxfn
…k| r 08Ú nfO{ hgtfn] ;f] W 5g\ ,
…jfn' j f6f/sf] s] ; df afa' / fd
e6\6/fO{, dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, lji0f'
kf}8]n / ljho uR5bf/nfO{ slxn]
;dfTg] <Ú sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dft]/ /ldtf
dfq x] l //xg] ls d' V o
of] h gfsf/x?nfO{ klg sfg' g sf]
bfo/fdf Nofpg] < nlntf lgjf;sf]
;/sf/L hUuf lxgfldgf ug{
bnfnLx?nfO{ af6f] vf]lnlbg] t
logLx? g} xf] . dlGqkl/ifb\af6} lg0f{o
u/]/ logLx?n] ;/sf/sf] ;DklQ
wdfwd JolStnfO{ efua08f nufPsf
x' g \ . lxDdt 5 eg] d' V o
of]hgfsf/nfO{ klxn] klqmg'k¥of] lg .
7"nf ;dfTbf ;fgf cfkm}+ sfg'gsf]
bfo/fdf cfOxfN5g\ . cfkm\gf] s';L{
hfG5 ls eg]/ 8/fO/xg] xf] eg] d'Vo
cleo'St sfg'gaf6 plDsg ;S5g\ .
k|wfgdGqL kb ;w}F /lx/xg] xf]Og\,
sltv]/ 5f]8]/ lxF8\g'k5{ yfxf 5}g\ .
To;}n] …ck/fwLÚ x?nfO{ sfg'gsf]
s73/fdf Nofpg l9nfO ug{'k¥of] .
hgtf slta]nf 7"nf df5fx?nfO{
;/sf/n] ;dfTnf eg]/ s'//] al;/x]sf
5g\ . t/, of] cfF6 ;/sf/df b]lvPg\ .
g k|wfgdGqL k|r08df b]lvof] g
u[xdGqL gf/fo0f >]i7df . s]Gb|Lo
cg';Gwfg Ao"/f] klg tNnf txsf
sd{rf/LnfO{ dfq} ;dft]/ gf}6+sL
b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] kmfOn t
vf] N of] t/ cg' ; Gwfg h/} ; Dd
hfnfh:tf] 5}g\ . k|wfgdGqL k|r08
/ u[xdGqL >]i7 lalRsg] xf] ls eg]/
klg cfz+sf ug{ yflnPsf] 5 .
hgtfsf] gh/df pNn]lvt ;a} hgf
…ck/fwLÚ x'g\ . ;/sf/df ePsf] a]nf
pgLx?n] ;/sf/s} ;DklQ lxgfldgf
ug{ af6f] vf]lnlbP .
pgL logLx?nfO{ lsg 5f]8\g] <
l6Kk0fL p7fpg] ;lrj ;dfltP eg]
lg0f{o ug]{ dGqL / k|wfgdGqL lsg
;dfltPgg\ < s:tf] sfg'g xf] of] .
k|wfgdGqL / dGqLn] grfx]sf] eP
?k}ofF a}s
+ dfkm{t\ tna lbg'kg]{ sfg"g
agfPsf] 5 . zlgaf/sf] lbg klg
5'§L lbg'k5{ . t/ oxFf t laxfg (
ah]b]lv a]n'sf & ah];Dd sfd
nufPafkt dlxgfe/sf] tna &
xhf/ lbOG5 . g t zlgaf/ 5'6\6L
g} lbOG5 . To:t}, bz}+ k]ZsL / pkrf/
vr{ t emg k/ s} s'/f k¥of] . otf,
/fHo, >lds / hgtfnfO{ 7u]/
sdfPsfx? eg] ;'lsnf–d'lsnf eP/
lrKnf] uf8L lxF8\5g\ .
pgLx? cfk"mx?nfO{ pBf]uLsf]
bhf{ lbG5g\ . t/, /fHo, hgtf /
>ldsnfO{ 7Ug]x? s;/L pBf]uL
x'G5g\ < To;}n,] ca >ldsx?n] sfd
ug]{ 7fpFaf6} cfkm\gf] xs, clwsf/sf]
nflu cfjfh p7fpg'k5{ . pkef]Stfn]
o:tf bnfn, dflkmofsf] ;fdfg vl/b
ug'{x'Gg . clg /fHon] klg sf/afxL
k|ls|of cl3 a9fpg'k5{ . clxn]
;/sf/L sd{ r f/L / Jofkf/Lx?
/fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?n] b]z
lau|f/]sf] cf/f]k nufpF5g\ . t/
d'n'ssf] ;/sf/L hUuf btf{ ug]{
;/sf/L sd{rf/L / Jofkf/L . hgtfsf]
sfd l56f]5l/tf] gug]{ klg sd{rf/L .
hgtfnfO{ dx+uf]df ;fdfg a]r/] 7Ug]
Jofkf/L . clg ca eGg';\ b]z lau|fg]
g]tf ls ;/sf/L sd{rf/L / Jofkf/L <
pBf]u Joj;foL tyf jfl0fHo
dxf;+3sf cWoIf rGb| 9sfn cfk"m
P;O{O{sf] k/LIff lbg]lalQs} vfnL
v'6\6f sf7df8f}F l5/]sf] atfpF5g\ .
t/, olt 5f]6f] ;dofjlwdf pgn] oqf]
;DklQ sxFfaf6 hf]8] < ;To eGg'kbf{
;/sf/L, u'7Lsf hUuf btf{ u/]/ g}
pgn] ;DklQ cfh{g u/]sf x'g\ . t/,
of] t Pp6f pbfx/0f dfq} xf] .
cfk" m nfO{ pBf] u L, Joj;foL
;lrjn] p7fPsf] l6Kk0fL /f]lsGYof] .
oxFf ;a}sf] ldnLeut 5 eGg] t :ki6
b]lvPsf] 5 . Pdfn]n] lji0f' kf}8n
] nfO{
arfpg vf]Hof] eg] @)*$ ;fnsf]
r'gfjdf To;sf] kl/0ffd ef]Ug'k5{ .
unt ug]{nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ vf]Hg]nfO{
t hgtfn] 5f]8\b}gg\ . sf+u|];n] klg
ljho uR5bf/nfO{ hf]ufpg gvf]Hbf
klg x'G5 .
dfwjs'df/ g]kfnnfO{ sfg'gsf]
bfo/fdf Nofpg PsLs[ t
;dfhjfbLsf g]tfx?n] ;/sf/nfO{
;xof]u u5{g\ < afa'/fd e6\6/fO{ t
;a} l t/af6 gª\ l u;s] s f 5g\ .
u} / sfg' g L sfd ug] { x ?nfO{ ca
kf6L{x?n] sf/afxLsf nflu sbd
rfNg'k5{ . ;bgdf oqf ;f+;b\ 5g\ .
t/, s'g} ;f+;b\n] o;af/] af]n]sf
5}gg\ . z]/axfb'/ b]pjf, s]kL cf]nLsf]
cufl8 ;+f;b\x? g} lg/Lx ag]sf 5g\ .
nlntf lgjf;sf] hUuf k|s/0fdf
s;sf] xft slt 5 < eg]/ lg/Gt/
;dfrf/x? aflx/ cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
oBlk, ;+ f ;b\ x ?n] ck/fw
ug]{nfO{ l56f]eGbf l56f] sfg'gL
bfo/fdf Nofpg'k5{ eg]/ cfjfh
p7fpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ;bgdf klg
7"nf g]tfx?s} rNbf] /x]5 eGg]
:ki6 ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ g]t[Tjs} af]nL
cGo g]tf tyf ;+f;b\x?n] af]Ng]
/x]5g\ eGg] klg 5n{ª\u b]lvPsf]
5 . e' 6 fgL z/0ffyL{ k| s /0fdf
kqmfp k/]sf Pdfn]sf lgnlDat
;lrj 6f]kaxfb'/ /fodfemL cfkm\gf]
gfd hf]l8g]lalQs} a]kQf ePsf
lyP . pgL /ftf/ft efu] . cWoIf
s]kL cf]nLn] g} pgnfO{ n'sfPsf]
eg]/ hgtfn] k|Zg klg p7fP .
t/, clGtddf sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf
cfpg}k¥of] . lxhf] jfn'jf6f/sf] hUuf
sf08df d'l5Pkl5 ljho uR5bf/
klg efu]sf lyP . cf]nL g]t[Tjsf]
;/sf/ x'Fbf pgL dlxgf}+ ufoj eP .
kl5 b]pjf g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/ cfPkl5
dfq} pgL kmls{Psf x'g\ . ca klg
atfpg]dWo] clw+sfzn] ;/sf/L hUuf,
u'7Lsf hUuf, d7dlGb/sf hUuf btf{
u/]/ g} ;DklQ sdfPsf 5g\ . To;}n,]
ca ;/sf/n] Joj;foLx? ;a}sf]
;DklQ 5fglag u/L sfg" g sf]
bfo/df Nofpg'k5{ .
;j{;fwf/0f hgtf klg o:tf 7u,
bnfnx?lj?4 ;8sdf cfpg'k5{ .
/fHo /fh:jljxLg x'g'kg]{, >lds
zf]lift x'g'kg]{ clg hgtfn] dx+uf]
d" N o lt/] / u' 0 f:t/xLg ;fdfg
lsGg'kg]{ . ca z'4Ls/0f ljefu /
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]
z]v/ uf]N5f, rGb| 9sfnnufot
pBf] u Lsf] ;DklQ 5fglag u/L
sfg"gsf] bfo/df Nofpg'k5{ .
clxn] klg Jofkf/Lx?n] Dofb
;lsPsf] ;fdfgdf goFf ldlt 6fF;/]
a]lr/x]sf 5g\ . Tof] klg cfk"mv'zL
d"No /fv]/ . hgtf ca o:tf 7u
Jofkf/Lx?sf] lj/f]wdf af]Ng}k5{ .
pkef]StfjfbL Hof]lt aflgoFf, k|]d
dxh{g / dfwj ltdlN;gf cfk"mx?
pkef]Stfsf] lxslxt / ;+/If0fsf nflu
cfjfh p7fpg] atfpF5g\ .
t/, pgLx? klg lbpF;f] ldl8ofdf
cfk"mx?nfO{ k|rf/k|;f/ u5{g\ clg
a]ns ' f Jofkf/L sxFf k'U5g\ . Jokf/Lx?
v'n]/ eG5g\, …sfof{no rnfpgb]lv
3/ vr{ rnfpg ;d]t pgLx? xfdL
sxFf cfpF5g\ .Ú cfk"mx?s} k};fdf
pgLx?sf] hLjgofkg eO/x] s f]
Jofkf/Lx? bfaL u5{g\ .
pkef]StfjfbL elgg] aflgoFf,
dxh{g / ltdlN;gf lbgd} b'O{ hf]/
sk8f km]5{g\ . lghL Kn]6sf] lrKnf]
uf8Ldf lx8\5g\ . cfkm\gf afnaRrf
dx+uf ljBfnodf k9fpF5g\ . clg
sfd g} gu/L pgLx?n] oqf] vr{ s;/L
logLx? efUb}gg\ eg]/ s] k|df0f 5 <
uNtL u/]sf dfG5]x? plDsg] ;xL
;do x]/]/ a;]sf 5g\ . pgLx?
hlta]nf klg efUg ;S5g\ . clg
;/sf/nfO{ vf] H gs} ;f:tL .
cg';Gwfg l56f]l56f] ;sfP/ bf]ifLnfO{
sf/afxL ug{'k¥of] lg .
;/sf/n] cg';Gwfg ;sfpFbf;Dd
t clwsf+z eflu;s]sf x'G5g\ .
;bgdf k|d ] ;'jfn / lrqaxfb'/ s];L
klg 5g\ . pgLx? untsf] lj/f]wdf
af]Nnfg\ eg]/ hgtfn] w]/} cfz u/]sf
lyP . lj8Dagf, clxn] cfP/ cfz
ug{' unt ePsf] dxz'; ePsf] 5 .
of] sf08 aflxl/Psf] oqf] ;do
eO;s]sf] 5 t/ logLx? r'OSs
cfjfh p7fpFb}gg\ . /lj nfld5fg] /
/fh]Gb| lnª\b]gn] cfkm\gf] ljrf/,
l;4fGt cf]nLnfO{ a'emfO;s]sf 5g\ .
logLx?nfO{ cf]nLsf] s7k'tnL eGbf
klg s]xL km/s gknf{ .
cf]nLn] h] eGof] ToxL dfG5g\ .
o:tfaf6 cfz ug{' a]sf/ 5 . b]zdf
nf]stGq Nofpg] k|r08 x'g\ . !) jif{
hgo'4 u/]/ pgn] /fhtGq km\oF fs]sf
x'g\ . tLg k6s k|wfgdGqL alg;s]sf
pgL km]l/ k|wfgdGqL aGnfg\, gaGnfg\
yfxf ePg\ . t/, clxn] pgL Tof]
7fpFdf 5g\, hxfF a;]/ pgn] w]/} sfd
ug{ ;S5g\ . oxL df}sfnfO{ pgn]
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
h'6fpF5g\ < cfkm}F+ eGg';\ .
hgtfsf] cfjfh af]Ng] eg]/
pkef]Stf ;+3;+:yf vf]Ng], ldl8ofdf
s/fpg] clg Jofkf/L;Fu k};f vfg] .
oLgLx?n] gf6s / gf}6s + L klg slt
hfg]sf] x} . Jofkf/Lx? xKt}lkR5]
;fdfgsf] d"No a9fpF5g\ . /fHonfO{
/fh:j 5N5g\ t pkef]Stf 7U5g\ .
t/, ;/sf/ To;sf] cg'udg ub}g{ .
;j{;fwf/0f hgtf klg cfk"mx?n] b'Mvn]
sdfPsf] k};f Jofkf/Lx?n] dx+uf] d"Nodf
u'0f:t/xLg ;fdfg a]Rbf d'sbz{s eP/
a:g] ls pgLx?sf] lj/f]wdf plq|g] <
g]kfn cfon lgudn] k6s k6s k]6f« n ] lgjf;sf] ;/sf/L hUuf lxgfldgf u/]sf]
/ l8h]nsf] ef8f 36fof] . ;f]xL cfwf/df
;/sf/n] klg ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf
ef8f 36fof] .
t/, oftfoft Joj;foLx?n] c6]/L
u/]sf 5g\ . clxn];Dd 36]sf] ef8fb/
nfu" u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/ P]gsfg"g
agfpF5g\ . t/, sfof{Gjog ug{ g;Sbf
hlxNo} hgtf df/df k5{g\ . pBf]u
dGqL, oftfoft dGqL / cy{dGqL
Joj;foLsf] cufl8 nDk;f/ k5{g\ .
pgLx?n] h] eG5g\ ToFxL u5{g\ .
s] Joj;fo ug]{ gfddf hgtf 7Ug
kfOG5 < ;o ?k}ofF sf] ;fdfg % ;odf
a]Rg kfOG5 < u'0f:t/xLg ;fdfg
a]r/] dfgj :jf:Yodfly v]naf8 ug{
kfOG5 < >d zf]if0f ug{ kfOG5 <
/fh:j 5Ng kfOG5 <
To;}n], ca ;/sf/n] pBf]uL,
Joj;foLsf gfddf df}nfPsf o:tf
7ux?nfO{ sfg"gsf] bfo/df Nofpg
cfjZos kl/;s]sf] 5 . b]z /
hgtfsf] nflu k|wfgdGqL k|r08 /
u[xdGqL gf/fo0fsfhL >]i7 ca s7f]/
aGg'k5{ . o:tf 7ux?;Fu ;Demf}tf
gu/L sfg"gL k|ls|ofdf hfg'k5{ .
;b' k of] u ug{ ;Sg' k 5{ .
e|i6frf/Lx?nfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf
Nofpg ;Sof] eg] @)*$ ;fnsf]
r'gfjdf hgtfn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ klxnf]
kf6L agfpF5g\ .
u[xdGqL >]i7sf] jfxLjfxL clxn]
;a}lt/ rn]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ pgn]
sfd u/]/ sfod /fVg ;Sg'k5{ . cGo
dGqL ljjfbdf tflg/xFbf pgn] u/]sf]
sfd ;fF R g} g} k| z + ; fof] U o 5 .
l;+xb/af/leq Toqf dGqfno 5g\,
dGqL 5g\ . t/, s;n] s] sfd u/] <
a?, dflkmofs} kIfdf lg0f{o u/]/ lbg
latfO/x]sf 5g\ . e"ld ;'wf/dGqL
/l~htf >] i 7 rf} w /L / zx/L
ljsf;dGqL ;Ltf u'?ª\un] v]tLof]Uo
hldg dfF:g] u/L lsQfsf6 vf]lnlbP .
oftfoftdGqL k| s fz Hjfnf
;/sf/ / hgtfnfO{ kmfObf x'g] Pp6f
sfd ub}{gg\ . gofF 6\ofS;Lsf] btf{
aGb ePsf] tLg bzs a9L eO;s]sf]
5 t/ o;tkm{ pgsf] Wofg hfFb}g\ .
cy{ d GqL 8f k| s fzz/0f dxt
a9fPsf] s/ Joj;foLsf] bafadf
cfP/ lkmtf{ lnG5g\ . cGo dGqL klg
To:t} 5g\, sfd gnfUg] . k|r08
g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/df u[xdGqL >]i7 dfq
sfd ug]{ vfnsf b]lvPsf 5g\ . k|dv '
k|ltkIfdf Pdfn] a;]sf] 5 . /f:jkf
/ /fk|kf klg ljkIfLdf 5 .
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
;/sf/ hgtf / /fi6«sf] lglDt
xf] gfls bnfn, larf}lnof / dflkmofsf
lglDt . zf]ifs, ;fdfGtL, bnfnL,
larf}lnof / e\i6frf/Lsf] lj/f]wdf
lxhf] hgtfn] k6s k6s cfGbf]ng
u/] . xhf/f}+ zlxb x'g k'u] . To;sf]
kl/kmndf ;/sf/n] aNn Pp6f
;/sf/L, u'7Lsf hUuf btf{ ug]{ tyf
/fHo / hgtfnfO{ 7Ug] bnfnL,
larf}lnofnfO{ ;dft]sf] 5 .
ca cGonfO{ klg ;/sf/n]
l56f]eGbf l56f] ;dfTg'k5{ . e'6fgL
z/0ffyL k|s/0f / afn'jf6f/l:yt nlntf
cf/f]kdf cf/f]lktx? ;dfltg yfn]kl5
clxn] hgtf ;/sf/nfO{ wGojfb
lbG5g\ . To;}n,] ca k|r08 ;/sf/n]
cGo e|i6frf/sf] kmfOn klg vf]Ng'k5{ .
;a} e|i6frf/nfO{ sfg"gsf] bfo/df
Nofpg'k5{ .
nfdf];dofjlwb]lv sfnf]Kn]6,
xl/of]Kn]6sf] 6\ofS;L / 9'jfgL uf8Lsf]
btf{ aGb 5 . 6\ofS;Ldf cem} klg
l;l08s]6 sfod} 5 . $% jif{b]lv
goFf 6\ofS;L, 9'jfgL uf8Lsf] btf{
v'n]sf] 5}g . To;}n], o;tkm{ klg
k|wfgdGqLsf] Wofg hfg cfjZos 5 .
k|wfgdGqL k|r08 ca 1fkgkq
a'em|g] / pb\3f6g ug]{ sfo{df ;xefuL
geO{ x/]s ;]s]08 /fi6« / hgtfsf]
lxtdf sfd ug{ nfUg'k5{ . @)%@
;fn kmfu'Ng ! ut] hgo'4sf] ;'?jft
u/]sf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k|r08n]
ca aNn hgtf / /fi6«sf] lxtdf
sfd ug{ nfu]sf] hgtf atfpF5g\ .
k| r 08sf] b' O { j6f sfdn]
;j{ ; fwf/0f hgtf / zlxbsf
kl/jf/hg v'zL ePsf 5g\ . ca
rflxF zlxbsf] ;kgf klg k"/f x'gd ] f
t/, Pdfn] nlntf lgjf;
k|s/0fdf lsg af]ln/x]sf] 5}g\ t <
cfkm\gf] bflxg] xft h]n hfg] ePkl5
cf]nL r'k nfu]sf 5g\ . grfFlxbf] s'/f
ug{ Pdfn]nfO{ s;}n] EofpFbg} \ eg]
rflxg] sfddf d'v g} vf]Nb}g\ . ;+;b\
cj/f]w ug{ Pdfn] klxnf] gDa/df
5 . P]gsfg'g agfpg lbFbg} \ . clg
cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf g]tfn] unt u/]sf]
b]Vbf klg r'OSs d'v vf]Nb}g\ . /fd|f]
sfd ug]{nfO{ xfxLxfxL / g/fd|f]nfO{
sf/afxL eGg] s'/f Pdfn]n] a'em]sf]
5}g\ . lji0f' kf}8]n t z'?sf lbgb]lv
g} Pdfn]df 5g\ .
6f] k axfb' / /fodfemLh:tf]
dfcf]jfbLaf6 ;?Jff eP/ cfPsf
x}gg\ . tfklg /fodfemLnfO{ arfpg
pgn] x/sf]l;z u/] . kf}8]nnfO{
arfpg t cf]nL Hofg kmfn]/} nfU5g\ .
kf}8]n Pdfn]af6 k6sk6s dGqL
eO;s]sf 5g\ . pgL cf]nLsf] emf]nf
af]s]/ otfptf bf}l8/x]sf x'G5g\ .
cf]nLn] kf}8]nnfO{ ;dfTg lbG5g\ <
h;/L x'G5 hf]ufpg vf]H5g\ eGg] t
k|i6} 5 . oxFfaf6 s] :ki6 x'G5 eg]
g]tfx?n] g} unt ug]{x?nfO{ ;+/If0f
ul//x]sf 5g\ .
o:t} kf/f xf] eg] s;/L e|i6frf/
/f]lsG5 < b]zdf e|i6frf/ cGTo g}
ug]{ xf] eg] 7"na} f6 ;/;kmfO cleofg
clw+sfz cfzfjfbL 5g\ . hgtf
clxn] k|r08sf] ;fydf 5g\ . To;}n,]
ca hgtf / /fi6«sf] lxtdf sfd
ubf{ cfkm\gf] kb hfG5 ls eg]/ pgL
8/fpg'kb}g{ .
lsgls kbdf x'g'~h]n /fi6« /
hgtfsf] lxtdf sfd ug]{ JolStnfO{
kbdf k'Kofpg hgtfn] x/]s ug]5 { g\ .
clxn] efif0f ug{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf
dxfdGqL uug yfkf / /fli6«o :jtGq
kf6L{sf ;efklt/lj nfld5fg]nfO{
s;}n] EofpFb}g . t/, sfd ug{
sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfsf d]o/
afn]Gb| zfxnfO{ s;}n] ;Sb}gF .
sf7df8f}F dxfgu/sf dxfgu/Lo
k|x/L ansf k|dv ' /fh' kf08]sf] clxn]
htftt} jfxjfx x'G5 . t/, eStk'/sf]
;"o{ljgfos gu/kflnsfsf gu/
k|x/Lsf] oxFfsf :yfgLo lj/f]w u5{g\ .
gu/ k|x/Lx? sfd gu/L tnaeQf
dfq a'em|g] pgLx?sf] cf/f]k 5 . ;Fu}
gu/kflnsfsf sd{rf/L klg sfd
gug]{ cf/f]k nufpF5g\ .
s;n] slt sfd u/]sf] 5 < eg]/
hgtfn] d"Nof+sg ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .
To:tf] JolStn] ldl8ofafhL gu/]klg
hgtf p;nfO{ g} lrG5g\ . hgtfeGbf
7"nf] g /fhgLlts bn x'g\ g t
;/sf/L sd{rf/L . hgtf g} ;fj{ef}d
x'g\ / zlStzfnL klg .
hgtf / /fi6«sf] lxtdf sfd ug]{
JolStsf] ;fy hgtfn] lbG5g\ . sfd
gug]{ / ukm dfq 7f]Sg] JolStnfO{
klg sfg"gsf] bfo/df hgtf g}
NofpF5g\ . To;}n], ca /fhgLlts
bnsf g]tfx?n] hgtf / /fi6«sf]
lxtdf sfd ug]{ ls ukm dfq 7f]Sg] .
Ps k6s cjZo ljrf/ ug'x{ f]nf .
– ?iff yfkf, eStk'/
z'? u¥of}+ . …;fgfnfO{ P]g, 7"nfnfO{
r}gÚ gxf];\ . sfg'g ;a}sf nflu
a/fa/ x' g ' k 5{ . ;/sf/nfO{
xflggf] S ;fgL k' ¥ ofpg] , ;/sf/L
;DklQdf lu2]gh/ nufpg]x? sf]xL
klg g5' 6 ' g \ . sfg' g n] dGqL
eGbf]/x]g5 eGg] s'/f t e'6fgL
z/0ffyL{ k|s/0fdf b]lvof] . e"k"
u[xdGqL afns[i0f vfF0f u}/sfg'gL sfd
ubf{ h]n uP . ca cGosf] klg kfnf]
cfpFb} 5 .
;/sf/ 9N5 ls eg]/ k|wfgdGqL
k|r08n] v'66\ f sdfpg'ePg\ . …ck/fwÚ
ug]n{ fO{ hlt;Sbf] l56f] sf/afxL u/f}+ .
s';L{df a:g' / em08fjfn uf8L r9]/
lxF8g\ ' 7"nf] xf]Og\ . Ps ldg]6 eP klg
;dosf] ;b'kof]u ug{k' 5{ . s]Gb|Lo
cg';Gwfg Ao"/f]n] clxn];Dd logLx?nfO{
g;dfTg'sf] sf/0f ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{
eGg'k5{ . dflyaf6 bafa cfPsf] eP
hgtf;dIf eGg'k¥of] . xf]Og\ eg] e6fe6
;dfTg'k¥of] . ls jfn'jf6f/ s];df
logLx?sf] ;+nUgtf 5}g\ eGg ;Sg'k¥of] .
– cg';f yfkf, eStk'/
af6f] sf6\ b f h] a | f
qml;ªaf6 dfq af6f]
sf6f} + .
 @)*) ;fn c;f/ #! ut] cfOtaf/
dfS;{jfb hGdsf k"jf{wf/
@_ dfS;{jfbsf hGdsf k"jf{wf/
dfS;{jfb ljZj ;j{xf/fju{sf]
d'lQmsf] kyk|bz{s l;4fGt qmflGtsf]
lj1fg xf] . dfS;{jfbsf] bz{g åGåfTds
tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb xf] .
åGåfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbnfO{
;j{xf/fju{sf] ljZjb[li6sf]0f elgG5 .
dfS;{jfb / dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf] hGd
bz{gzf:q sf] Oltxf;sf] nfdf] k|lqmofsf
aLraf6 ePsf] xf] . h'g;'s} j:t'sf]
hGd / ljsf;sf nflu lglZrt
j}1flgs cfwf/x? ljBdfg /x]sf x'G5g\ .
h'g kl/l:ylt / kl/j]zdf dfS;{jfb /
dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf] hGd eof], To;sf
cfjZos k"jf{wf/x? /x]sf 5g\, hf] lgDg
k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\–
!_ ;fdflhs – cfly{s k"jf{wf/
ljZj dfgj ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf]
qmddf !^ cf}bF l] v !* c7f/f}+ ztfAbLsf]
k"af{4;{ Dd cfOk'Ug] qmddf o'/f]ksf
OËNof08, k|mfG;nufotsf b]zx¿df
;fdGtjfbsf lj?4 k'h F LjfbL qmflGt
;DkGg x'bF } uPsf lyP . ljZj ;j{xf/f
ju{sf] d'lQmsf] c:q of] dfS;{jfb
Ps}rf]6L, cfsl:ds 9+uaf6 /+ud~rdf
b]vfk/]sf] lyPg . o;sf] lgdf{0f :jo+
g} Pp6f P]ltxfl;s k|lqmof lyof] . @^
cf}F ztfAbLb]lv ljsl;t ePsf] la|6g] sf]
cf}Bf]lus qmflGtn] NofPsf] kl/jt{gn]
klg dfS;{jfbsf] hGdsf nflu Pp6f
cfwf/zLnfsf] sfd u/]sf] lyof] .
la|6g] df ;a}eGbf klxn] k'h F Ljfbsf]
:yfkgf ePsf] lyof] .
pTkfbs zlQmsf] tLj| ljsf; eP/
uof] / o;} k|lqmofdf pQm lj|6g] df
cf}Bf]lus qmflGt eof] . To; k|lqmofdf
;dfhdf k'h F Lkltju{ / ;j{xf/fju{sf
aLrdf ju{;3+ if{ rNb} hfg yfNof] .
;dfh ljsf;sf qmddf k'h F Lkltju{sf
lj?4sf] ;+3if{df ;j{xf/f -cf}Bf]lus
dhb'/_ ju{ Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf
k|ultzLn ju{sf] ?kdf ljsl;t x'bF }
uof] . To; kl/l:yltdf dhb'/ ju{n]
cfˆgf] xs, lxt / clwsf/ k|flKtsf
nflu cfGbf]ngsf] k|lqmof cufl8
a9fpg yfNof] .
;g\ !&*( df k|mflG;l; /fHo qmflGt
;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . of] g} klxnf]
k'hF LjfbL qmflGt lyof] / ljZj d} klxnf]
k6s ;fdGtjfbL /fHo;QfnfO{ Wj:t
kf/]/ k'hF LjfbL /fHo;Qf :yfkgf u/]sf]
lyof] . ;fdGtjfbL /fHo ;QfeGbf
k'h
F LjfbL /fHo ;Qf Ps sbd cufl8sf]
k|ultzLn /fHo Joj:yf xf] .
;g\ !*!! – !@ df a]nfotsf
dhb'/x?n] ;+jtM :k"mt{ 9+un] d]l;g
tf]8 cfGbf]ng rnfPsf lyP . tTsfnLg
a]nfotL ;/sf/n] dhb'/x?dfly eLif0f
bdg cleofg rnfPsf] lyof] . To;kl5
dhb'/x?n] ;+ul7t x'g] s'/fnfO{ dx;';
ug{ yfn] . To;s} c8fgsf cfwf/df
;g !*!% b]lv a]nfotsf dhb'/x?
;+ul7t x'g yfn]sf lyof] . a]nfotsf
dhb'/x?n] ;g !*#@ b]lv !*$@ ;Dd
k'/} b; jif{ rfl6{:6 cfGbf]ng rnfPsf
lyP . To; rfl6{:6 cfGbf]ngdf xhf/f}+
dhb'/x? ;xefuL ePsf lyP . ;g\
!*#@ df k]l/;sf dhb'/x?n] ljb|fx]
u/]sf lyP . l7s o;} kl/l:yltdf
dhb' / ju{ s f] d' l Qm, p2] Z o /
cfGbf]ngsf nflu ;';u+ t j}1flgs tyf
qmflGtsf/L ljrf/wf/fsf] lgdf{0f Ps
P]ltxfl;s cfjZostf aGg uof] .
To;}n] of] g} dfS;{jfbsf] hGdsf] klxnf]
k"jf{wf/ aGg uof] .
@_ k|s[ltlj1fgsf k"jf{wf/
dfS;{ j fbL bz{ g sf] pbo /
ljsf;df lj1fgn] u/]sf clt dxTjk"0f{
cfljisf/ vf]h cg';Gwfg / ljsf;n]
klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ns ] f] 5 .
pGgfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] k|f/De;Fu} k|sl[ t
lj1fgdf dxTjk"0f{ cfljisf/x¿ /
lj1fgsf] ljleGg If]qdf cWoog Pj+
ljZn]if0f ul//x]sf lyP . To; avt
k|f0fL hut\sf e|0' fx¿sf] cWoog ug{]
e|0' f lj1fg, h}ljs k|lqmofx¿sf] cWoog
ug{] z/L/lqmof lj1fg, e'ue{ lj1fgh:tf
lj1fgsf gofF–gofF zfvfx¿sf] ljsf;
ePsf] lyof] . To;a]nf ePsf uxg
cWoog / rdTsfl/s cfljisf/sf]
kl/0ffd:j¿k hLjsf]ifsf] cfljisf/ /
hLj ljsf;sf] l;4fGtsf]
x:taxfb'/ s]=;L=
cfljisf/nufotsf bh{gf} j}1flgs
cfljisf/x¿ ePsf lyP . hd{g Pd=h]=
Zn]O8]g -!*)$–!**!_ / 6L=:jfg -
;g\ !*!)–!**@_ n] !*#*–!*^( df
jg:klt sf]if (cell) / kz'sf]if kQf
nufP/ :yflkt u/] . ltgn] h}ljs
k|0ffnLsf] cwf/e"t k|0ffnLut O{sfO sf]if
xf] eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/] . h}ljs j:t'sf]
9fFrfsf] sf]if l;4fGt ljsf; u/] .
pgLx¿n] h}ljs ;+;f/sf] Pstf k|:t't
u/] . h}ljs sf]if kl/jt{gLo 5 . kl5
o;nfO{ /l;og j}1flgs uf]Kof lgdf]e
/ r]s eflg{sn] ljsf; u/] . ;g\ !*$@
b] l v !*&$ sfljrdf hd{ g
ef}ltszf:qL h'lno; /j6{ : dfo/åf/f
cfljisf/ ePsf] pmhf{zlQmsf] ;+/If0f
Pj+ ¿kfGt/0fsf] lgodaf6 kbfy{sf
ljleGg ¿kx¿sf aLrsf] cGt/;DaGw
tyf Psaf6 csf]{df ¿kfGt/0fsf]
;DaGw kbfy{ / ultsf] aLrsf]
cljefHo ;DaGw / kbfy{sf] ultsf]
ljleGg ¿kx¿ aLrsf] ;fj{ef}lds
cGt/;DaGw Pj+ cGt/lqmof g} k|sl[ tdf
kl/jt{gsf ef}lts sf/0f x'g\ eGg] s'/f
k'li6 ePsf] lyof] .
;g\ !*&$ sf aLrdf zlQmsf]
;+/If0f / ¿kfGt/0fsf] l;4fGt kQf
nufP/ k|dfl0ft u/] o;af6 s] s'/f
k|i6 eof] eg] zlQmnfO{ Pp6f ¿kaf6
csf]{ ¿kdf abNg ;lsG5 . o;nfO{ g
t l;h{gf ug{ ;lsG5 g t ljsf;
P+uN] ;n] !(cf}+ ztfAbLdf lj1fgsf
;Dk"0f{ lahx¿df o;sf] lahnfO{
;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ :yfgdf /fVg' ePsf]
5 . k|m] 8l/s P+uN] ;n] o; lgodnfO{
ef}ltszf:qsf] zAbdf ef}lts ;+;f/sf]
Pstfsf] ¿kdf cleJoQm ug'e{ Psf] 5 .
c+uh ]| j}1flgs rfN;{ 8fla{g -!*)(–
!**@_ n] !*%( df cfkm\gf] ef}lts
/rgf on the origin of Species
by means of natural
Selection k|sflzt u/] . pgn]
To;df ljsf;jfbL l;4fGt
(Evolutionary theory) sf] JofVof
u/] / hLjzf:qsf] cfw'lgs cfwf/ k|bfg
u/] . pgn] hLjg eujfgsf] ;[li6 xf]Og
a? kbfy{sf] ljsf; xf] eg]/ wd{dfly
/ wfld{s ljZjf;dfly ddf{Gts k|xf/
u/] . 8fla{gn] s] klg k|dfl0ft u/] eg]
dfgj hfltsf] ljsf; kbfy{sf] pRreGbf
pRr ¿kdf / hl6n ljsf;sf]
k|lqmofaf6 ;Dej ePsf] xf] . o; ljifodf
j}1flgs rfN;{ 8fla{gn] eg]sf 5g\ .
olb dnfO{ :jo+n] g} 5fGg' kg]e{ of] eg]
d Pp6f afFb/nfO{ g} cfkm\gf xh'/j'afsf]
¿kdf :jLsf/ ub{5,' t/ cS;k|m8] sf
kfb/LnfO{ xf]Og . dflysf] egfOn] s]
b]vfof] eg] ljlzi6 / ;+lIfKt¿kdf k|sl[ t
lj1fgsf] rl/q åGåfTds 5 . o;n]
j}1flgsx¿sf] clwe"tjfbdfly k|bfg
u/]sf] 5 . rfN;{ 8fla{gsf] hLj ljsf;sf]
l;4fGtn] h}ljs hut\df lg/Gt/ ljsf;
/ kl/jt{g eO{/xG5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;fy}
;+;f/df /x]sf hLjsf hflt k|hfltx¿
ljsf;sf] nfdf] k|lqmofsf kl/0ffd x'g
5
eGg] :ki6 kfl/lbPsf] 5 . oL dflysf
tLg j}1flgs vf]h / cfljisf/sf af/]df
/x]sf 5g\, tLg x'g\ M hd{g bz{gzf:q,
c+uh ]| L /fhgLlts cy{zf:q / k|mfG;]nL
t];f| ] ln+uL / ;d:ofsf] lgjf/0f
8f=;' d gljqmd clwsf/L If] q L
;+;f/el/g} kfOg] …t];f| ] ln+uL xfd|f] d'ns' df klg 5g\ hf] ;fwf/0f dflg;x?
eGbf cln km/s x'G5g\ . ;dfhdf pgLx?sf] klxrfg 5'§} 5 t/ xfd|f] ;dfhdf
clxn] klg w]/} h;f]n] pgLx?nfO{ g/fd|f] ?kn] x]g,{] b]vk] l5 t/lsg], ckx]lnt
ug]{ rng cem} 5 . !))) b]lv @))) hlGdg] aRrfx?dWo] Pshgfdf b]lvg]
k| ] m 8l/s P+ u ] N ;n] eGg' e Psf] 5 ;dfhjfb . pGgfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf of] ;d:of g]kfndf nfvf}+ ;+Vofdf 5g\ eg]/ ljleGg ldl8of af6 yfxf kfOPsf]
;aeGbfdfly tLg dxfg\ vf]hx¿n] bz{gzf:qsf If]qdf hd{gL Ps dxTjk"0f{ 5 . w]/} h;f] dflg;x?df hlxn] klg dgdf lh1f;f cfO/fv]sf] x'G5 . sf] xf]
k|fs[lts k|lqmofsf] cGt/;DaGwaf/] b]z aGg k'us ] f] lyof]] . hd{gLdf hh{ pgLx?, lsg x'G5 o:tf], s]xL pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 ls cflb OToflb .
xfd|f] 1fgnfO{ cTolws ju{;uF cl3 km]8l/s x]un ] -@&&) – @*#!_ / of] eg]sf] s] xf] <
a9fPsf 5g\ . klxnf] xf] To; n8fO{sf] h'8ljs kmfo/jfv -@*)$ – @*&@_ d]l8sn efiffdf Disorder of Sex Differentiation (DSD) elgg]
¿kdf sf]lifsfsf] h;sf] u'0f / sf] ;dodf cfP/ bz{gn] Pp6f pTsif{ of] ;d:ofnfO{ ;/n efiffdf eGbf s]6f xf] ls s]6L eg]/ lnË 5'6o\ fpg ufxf]{
lje]bgaf6 ;a} jg:klt / h}ljs z/L/ k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . x]un ] n] åGåjfbsf] x'gn ] fO{ g} t];f| l] n+uL eg]/ lrlgG5 .
ljsl;t xG5 To;}n] ;Dk"0f{ pRrt/ r/d ?kdf ljsf; u/]sf] eP klg Tof] of] lsg x' G 5 <
hLjwf/Lsf] ljsf; Pp6} ;fdfGo x]un] af6 cufl8 ljsl;t x'g;Sb}gYof] . -of] Pp6f hGdhft\ ;d:of xf] h'gdf h]gl] 6s / xdf]g{ x?sf] /f]n x'G5 .
lgodsf] cwLg x'G5 g} eGg] s'/f :jLsf/ lsgeg] x]un ] sf] åGåjfb x]un ] s} lj?4 xfdL dfG5]x? ha cfdfsf] ue{af6 of] ;+;f/df cfpF5f}, Tof] a]nf ls t s]6fsf]
ul/Psf] 5}g eGg] s'/f :jLsf/ ul/Psf] kl/nlIft lyof] . lsgls pgn]] eg]sf ?kdf cfpF5f} ls t s]6Lsf] ?kdf cfpF5f} . s]6f / s]6L eg]/ 5'§fpg] df
5} g \ . c¿ sf] l ifsfsf] kl/jt{ g lyP– æåGåjfbsf] r/d ;Ldf lg/k]If h]gl] 6ssf] /f]n 5 . oxfF ;]S;\ qmf]df]hf]dsf] s'/f cfpF5 h;df s]6fsf] qmf]df]hf]d
Ifdtfåf/f of] klg hfx]/ x'g hfG5 ls ljrf/ xf] .Æ kl5 k|m8] l/s P+uN] ; - 46XY / s]6Lsf] qmf]df]hf]d 46XX x'G5 . of] qmf]df]hf]d ag]kl5 s]6f / s]6Ldf
hLjgwf/Lx¿n] s;/L cfk\mgf] hflt @*@) – @*(% _ n] o;nfO{ x]un ] Lo x'g] sex organs -c08sf]if / testes cyjf c08f÷ovary) x? aGg ;'?
kl/jt{g ug{ ;S5g\ / o:tf] cj:yfdf k|0ffnLsf] Ps eo+s/ / clGtd e"0fkft u5{ . 46XX qmf]df]hf]d ePsf]df c08f / ovary aG5 cyjf s]6L x'G5 .
ltgLx¿ s;/L ljsl;t x'G5g\ h'g atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . x]un] sf] of] lg/k]If To:t}u/L 46XY qmf]df]hf]d ePsf]df c08sf]if÷testes aG5 cyjf s]6f
j}olQmseGbf a9L x'G5 . bf];f| ] vf]h xf] ljrf/ pgsf] cfbz{jfbs} cleJolQm x'G5 . -of] hg]Gb|Lo c+u ;do;+u ljleGg xdf]g{ x?sf] ;xof]un] qmlds ljsf;
zlQmsf] ¿kfGt/0f h;n] ;a} lyof] . To;}u/L, Tof] a]nf cfbz{jfbsf x'bF } s]6f / s]6L eg]/ 5'l§g] u'KtfËx? lnË of of]gL aGg yfN5 . Pp6f
tyfslyt zlQmx¿ h'g k|ydtM ch}j lj?4 kmfo/jfvsf] ef}ltsjfb lyof] t/ qmf]df]hf]db]lv lnP/ u'KtfË aGg] k|lqmof ;a}df z/L/ leq aGg] y'k}| xdf]g{ x?sf]
k|sl[ tdf lqmofzLn 5g\ . oflGqs zlQm Tof] klg oflGqs / g}ltstfsf] dfldnfdf xft x'G5 . -of] Sex organ aGg] / agfpg] k|lqmofdf s'g} q'l6 ePdf, of
/ To;sf] km/s tyfslyt l:yltzlQm, cfbz{jfbL lyof] . kmfo/jfv ef}ltsjfb /fd|f; ] u+ ag]sf] xdf]g{ n] Tof] alg/fv]sf] u'KtfË sfd gu/]df of] ;d:of (Disorder
tfk, ljls/0f ljB't\, r'DasTj / eP klg lrGtgsf] If]qdf cfbz{jfbL of sex development) x'g hfG5 .
/f;folgs zlQm h'g lglZrt cg'kftdf clwe"tjfbL lyP . To;} calwdf of] ;d:ofsf] nIf0f s] xf] <
Ps csf{df kl/jt{g eO/xG5g\ eGg] OËNof08df /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] gofF ha s'g} aRrf hlGdG5, cfdf–a'jf–kl/jf/–5/l5d]s ;a} hgfx?nfO{
s'/f b]vfPsf] 5, h;af6 ha s'g} Ps 9+un] ljsf; x'bF } uPsf] lyof] . To; Pp6} lrGtf x'G5, 5f]/f eof] ls 5f]/L eg]/ . ;a}sf] klxnf] x]/fO g} u'KtfËlt/
dfq nf]k x'g hfG5 eg] To;sf] 7fpFdf sfo{df cfbd l:dy -!&@# – !&()_ hfG5 . o:tf] a]nfdf olb -u'KtfË x]bf{ g t 5f]/f sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 g t 5f]/Lsf]
csf{sf] Pp6f vf; dfqfdf cjt/0f / 8]lj8 l/sf8f]{ -!&&@ – !*@#_ n] h:tf] b]lvG5 . lnË s]6fsf] h:tf] ?k efsf] t/ Psbd ;fgf], s]6f dfG5]df x'g]
x'g hfG5 / o;/L k|sl[ tsf] ;Dk"0f{ ult dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf lyP . lk;fj km]g]{ Kjfn lnËsf] 6'Kkf]df geP/ lnËsf] tNnf] efu df x'g]
Pp6f ¿kaf6 bf];f| d] f ¿kfGt/0fsf] pgLx¿n] eg]sf lyP– æ;a} ;DklQ / (Hypospadias), lnË w]/} g} afFuf] b]lvg], c08sf]if cfˆgf] gd{n\ :yfgdf
cjt/0fdf k|lqmofdf ;Lldt x'G5 . ;a} d"Nosf] d"n >f]t >d xf] .Æ Tof] (Scrotum) gx'g] . s]6Lsf] h:tf] u'KtfË b]lvg] t/ of]gLsf] Kjfn / d'qgnLsf]
cGttM rfN;{ 8fla{gsf] ;';DaGw Ps dxTjk"0f{ k|:yfkgf lyof] . To;n] Kjfn gd{n gx'g] s]6Lsf] h:tf] u'KtfË klg ePsf] t/ s]6fsf] h:tf] lnË klg
¿kdf ;j{ky| d of] l;4 u/]sf 5g\ s] k|Zg v8f u/]sf] lyof] eg] dhb'/n] b]lvg] (Cliteromegaly) ;fgf] pd]/df zf/Ll/s ljsf; ;fdfGo b]vt] f klg,
ls k|fs[lts h}ljs kbfy{ h'g xfd|f] cfˆgf] >daf6 h'g d"Nosf] ;[li6 ub{5, Puberty (11–15 yrs) jZos cj:yfdf s]6f jf s]6Lsf] z/L/df cfpg]
rf}tkmL{ df}hb' 5g\ To;df dflg; klg Tof] To;n] k'/} k|fKt gu/L lsg kl/j{tg h:t}, hg]Gb|Lo c+udf /f}+ sf] ljsf; gx'g,] s]6fdf h'uF f gcfpg], s]6Ldf
;fd] n 5 d" n tM Pssf] l ifo k'FhLkltju{nfO{ lbg' kb{5 < of] :tgsf] ljsf; gx'g] x'G5 . s]6L eg]/ x'sf{of] t/ kl5 dlxgfjf/L ;'? x'gk' g]{
hLjf0f'x¿sf] ljsf; Pp6f nfdf] cGtlj{/f]wsf] ;dfwfg s;/L x'g ;S5 < pd]/ x'bF f klg dlxgfjf/L gePdf klg of] /f]usf] af/]df z+sf ug{k' 5{ .
k|lqmofsf] kl/df0f xf] . oL hLjf0f' ;a} pgLx¿n] oL k|Zgx?sf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg ;fgf] pd]/df s]xL klg yfxf gePsf] / kl5 7"nf] x'bF } hfbf s]6f eg]/ x'sf{Psf]
k|f6] K] nfHO jf PNd'lgodaf6, /f;folgs ;s]sf lyPgg\ . aRrfn] s]6Lsf] h:tf] afgL–Joxf]/f b]vfpg] w]/} nfh dfGg], Make–up ug{
ljlwaf6 cl:tTjdf cfPsf 5g\ . oL To;} a]nf k|mfG;]nL ;dfhjfbsf] wf/f ?rfpg], s]6L ;fyL w]/} agfpg] / v]Ng ?rfpg], s]6Lsf] n'uf nufpg] cflb_ .
tLg cfljisf/x¿ / k|sl[ t lj1fgdf klg lgs} gofF ljrf/ lnP/ cufl8 To;}u/L 5f]/L / s]6L eg]/ x'sf{Psf] aRrfn] s]6fsf] h:tf] afgL–Joxf]/f
c¿ a[xt\ ljsf;nfO{ ;fw'jfb . a9L /x]sf] lyof] . o; ;Gbe{df k|mfG;sf b]vfpg] -s]6fsf] h:tf] dress–up, skfnsf] style, s]6fx? lxF8s ] f] h:tf]
k|sl[ tsf] k|lqmofsf] cGo ;DaGwnfO{ ;]G6 ;fOdg tyf km'l' /P / OËNof08sf lxF8g\ ] cflb_ ug]{ .
s]jn ljz]if If]qdf dfq xf]Og a? oL /j8{ cf]j]gx? k|d'v /x]sf 5g\ . s] s]6f / s]6Lsf] hg]Gb|Lo c+u Pp6} z/L/df x'g;S5 <
;du| If]qsf cGt/ ;DaGwnfO{ klg pgLx¿n] ;dfhdf a9\b} uPsf] k'h F LjfbL cjZo x'g;S5 . Pp6f z/L/leq c08sf]if klg x'g] / c08f klg x'g
lbUbz{ g ug{ ;S5 / o;/L pTkL8g, k'h F Lklt / dhb'/ ju{aLrsf] ;S5 . Psflt/ c08sf]if x'g] csf]l{ t/ c08fzo x'g;S5, To;}u/L ;a}lt/
OGb|Lofg'eljs k|sl[ t lj1fgåf/f k|:t't cGtlj{/f]w, k|mfG;]nL /fHoqmflGtsf c08sf]if / c08fzo ;+u;+u} hf]8/] a;]sf] klg x'g;S5 . o:tf] ;d:ofnfO{
tYox¿åf/f xfdL w]/e } Gbf w]/} qmda4 :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / e|ft[Tjsf Ovotesticular syndrome elgG5 .
¿kdf k|sl[ tsf] cGt/;DaGwsf] Jofks ;kgfx¿sf] Wj+;, k'FhLklt ju{sf] of] ;d:ofsf] lgjf/0f s] 5 <
lrq lbg ;S5 . oL ;a} gofF gofF 5nsk6, xf]8afhL, e|i6frf/ / r/d o:tf] ;d:ofx?sf] nIf0f km]nfk/]df dfly pNn]lvt k/LIf0f ug]{ / ;+u;+u}
vf] h sf] kl/0ffd k| s [ l tlj1fgdf cg} l tstfsf sf/0f ltgsf] xdf]g{ sf] hfFr ug{k5{ . xdf]g{ x?sf] u8\a8\ ePdf xdf]g{ ;lKnd]G6\ lbgk5{ .
ljBdfg oflGqs tyf clwe"tjfbL k'h
F Ljfbk|ltsf] df]x ;dfKt x'bF } uof] . s'gs } g' } a]nf ck|z ] g klg ug{kg]{ x'g;S5 . s] o:tf] ;d:ofx? ;fgf] pd]/df
lrGtgsf lj?4 åGåjfbsf] :yfkgf, ltgn] bfz{lgs ts{al' 4jfbsf cfwf/df pkrf/ u¥of] eg] l7s x'g;S5 cyjf kl5 k'?if of dlxnf eP/ ;dfhdf
k|sl[ t tyf k|sl[ tlj1fg åGåjfbL /x] Ps ;'Gb/, ;fd~h:ok"0f{ / zf]if0fljxLg lrgfpg ;Dej 5 < cjZo ;Dej 5 . h]gl] 6snL k'?if 46XY 5, t/ aflx/L
k' l i6, k| s [ l tsf k| l qmofx?af/] ;dfh :yfkgf ug]{ s'/fsf] cyf{t\ u'KtfËx? s]6Lsf] h:tf] 5 eg] xdf]g{ lbP/ / ck|z ] g u¥of] eg] ;fwf/0f k'?ifsf]
kl/slNkt cGtM ;DaGwsf 7fpFdf ;dfhjfb / ;fDojfbsf] cfbz{ k|:t't h:tf] lnËsf] agf]6 agfpg ;lsG5 .
jf:tljs cGtM ;DaGwsf] :yfkgf / u/]sf lyP . t/, jf:tljs hLjgdf To;}u/L, h]gl] 6snL s]6L 46XX xf] eg] u'KtfËx?sf] ck|z ] g u/]/ gd{n
ef}ltsjfbsf] k'li6 x'g k'Uof] . To; To; k|sf/sf] ;dfh s;/L :yfkgf ug{ h:tf] u'KtfË / of]gL agfpg ;lsG5 . To;}u/L aRrf a]nfdf s]6L lx;fan]
l:yltdf tyfslyt k|sl[ t bz{gsf] ;lsG5 < To;af/] pgLx¿n] 7f]; ljrf/ x'ls{;s]sf] t/ kl5 7"nf] ePkl5 s]6fsf] h:tf] nIf0fx? b]vd] f la/fdL /
cGTo eO{ k|s[ltlj1fgsf ljljw / ?k/]vf k|:t't ug{ ;s]sf lyPgg\ . la/fdLsf] lnun ufh]g{ ;Fu ;Nnfx u/]/ la/fdLnfO{ s] aGg dg nfu]sf] 5
zfvfx?n] :jtGq lj1fg aGgsf nflu oL dfly pNn]lvt ;a}s ;xL ToxLcg';f/ agfpg ;lsG5 . t/, Pp6f s'/f Wofgdf /fVg'k5{, ;a} s'/f
/fd|f] cfwf/ tof/ eof] . /, oz ;+Zn]if0f / lj1fg;Ddt :ki6Ls/0f dfG5]sf] xftdf x'bF g} . s]6fnfO{ s]6L agfpg ;lsG5 t/ p;nfO{ cfdf x'g
k|sf/sf] j}1flgs ljsf;n] dfS;{jfbsf] clgjfo{ aGg uPsf] lyof], Tof] sfd ue{wf/0f agfpg ;lsFbg} lsgls s]6fsf] z/L/df kf7]3/ gx'g] / s]6L dfG5]df
hGdsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x sfn{ dfS;{ -!*!* – !**#_ åf/f x'g] xdf]g{ s]6fdf x'bF g} / ePdf yf]/} dfqfdf x'g] u5{, h'g w]/} dfqfdf eof] eg]
u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @*$* df sDo' l g:6 c? g} ;d:of cfpg ;S5 .
#_ ;} 4 flGts k" j f{ w f/ 3f]if0ffkqdfkm{t\ k|ltkfbg ul/Psf] pkrf/sf] qmddf s] – s] ;d:ofx? cfpg;S5 <
dfS;{jfbsf ;}4flGts k"jf{wf/ tLg dfS;{jfbn] dfq ug{ ;Sof] . of] ;d:of cfkm}df g} lgs} hl6n 5 / o;sf] pkfrf/ klg lgs} hl6n 5 .
gePsf] cË jf ;fgf] ePsf] cËnfO{ 7"nf] agfpg] k|lqmof hl6n 5 . s]6L dfG5]sf]
df]afOn a}l+ sª k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof @ s/f]8 !) nfv gf£of] Û of]gLdfu{ of of]gL agfpg] Ps pbfx/0f xf] . ck|z ] g klg Ps}rf]l6df g} ;a} l7s
x'g;S5 eGg] 5}g . Stage ck/];g -@–# j6f_ ug{kg]{ x'g;S5 / nfdf] ;do
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf cg';f/ cgnfO{g sf/f]af/ ug]{ u|fxssf] ;Dd kmnf]ckdf al;/fVg k5{ . slxn] sfFxL pkrf/ cjlw w]/} nfdf] x'g;S5 .
;+Vof a9];Fu} df]afOn a}+lsª k|of]ustf{ pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . ;fgf] pd]/df pkrf/ gu/L 7"nf] pd]/df ubf{ s]xL km/s k5{ <
kl5Nnf] ! dlxgfdf dfq} ;jf # nfv a9L df]afOn a}l+ sª k|of]ustf{ ylkPsf] w]/} km/s k5{ . aRrfsf] ;]Nkm\ /]:k]S6 (Self–respect), df]l6e];f]g
5 . ut j}zfvdf df]afOn a}+lsª k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof @ s/f]8 & nfv ^# (Motivation) df km/s cfpG5 . s]6L eg]/ x'ls{;s]sf] kl5 s]6f /x]5 of
xhf/ #$^ /x]sf] lyof] . h]7df of] ;+Vof a9]/ @ s/f]8 !) nfv (! xhf/ s]6f eg]/ x'ls{;s]sf] kl5 s]6L /x]5 eg]/ yfxf eof] eg] of] ;dfhdf a:g,
%( k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ h]7df df]afOn a}+lsª k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof ! b}lgs sfd ug{ ufx|f] x'g;S5 . k9\gaf6 alGrt, l/lqmol6e PlS6lel6h h:t}
s/f]8 &( nfv ^! xhf/ ^# /x]sf] lyof] . of] lx;fan] df]afOn a}+lsª v]ns'b, Do"lhs cflbaf6 alGrt, ;f]lzon PlS6lel6haf6 alGrt x'gu] 5{ .
k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof kl5Nnf] ! jif{df #! nfv @( xhf/ ((^ n] a9]sf] /fi6« la/fdLdfqnfO{ c;/ gk/]/ kl/jf/nfO{ c;/ k5{ . al;/fv]sf] ufpF÷zx/
a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 . 5f]8/] a;fO{ ;g{ k/]sf] klg b]lvG5 . ;fgf] a]nfdf g} ;d:ofsf] klxrfg u/]/
o;}u/L OG6/g]6 a}l+ sª k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof klg kl5Nnf] ! jif{df sl/a @ lnË 5'6o\ fP/ ;dfhdf cl3 a9\g ;lhnf] x'G5 . ck|z ] gsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] s'g}
nfvn] a9]sf] 5 . ut jif{ h]7;Dd OG6/g]6 a}l+ sª k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof !^ nfv klg ck|z ] g ;fgf] / ;flhnf] x'bF g} . s'g} ck|z ] g ;fgf] pd]/df ug{kg]{ x'g;S5
#@ xhf/ ^!! /x]sf]df of] jif{ h]7;Dd a9]/ !* nfv #) xhf/ $@% k'us ] f] eg] s'g} 7"nf] pd]/df ug{kg]{ x'G5 . Mixed–gonadal Dysgenesis eGg]
5 . of] jif{ j}zfv;Dd OG6/g]6 a}l+ sª k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof !* nfv # xhf/ ^% ;d:of xf] eg] eljiodf c08sf]ifsf] SofG;// c08fsf] SofG;/ Mixed–
lyof] . kl5Nnf] ! dlxgfdf dfq of] ;+Vof a9]/ @& xhf/ #^) n] a9]sf] 5 . gonadal Dysgenesis klg x'g;S5 .
 6 @)*) ;fn c;f/ #! ut] cfOtaf/
qmflGtk|lt 3ft ug]{x?nfO{ bl/nf] va/bf/L / qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ phf{ lbg] uLt– æcf] lxt;·LÆ
qmflGtsf] dfu{ ;lhnf] x'Fb}g t/
Tof] dfu{df ofqf/t /xbfsf] cfgGb
5'§} / lalz:6 x'G5 . qmflGt leqsf]
cfgGb Ps ;Rrf qmflGtofqLn] dfq
dx;'; ug{ ;S5 . ju{ljxLg ;dfh
gf/fo0f zdf{
lgdf{0fsf] dxfofqf ;l6s x'Fb}g, Tof]
lgs} nfdf] / sl7gtd x'G5 . of] ofqf
cl3 a9\b} hfbf ha r'gf}ltsf chË
kxf8x? cufl8 v8f x' G 5\ g
qmflGtsf/L of]4fx?sf] jf:tljs
k/LIf0f Tof] a]nfdf dfq x'g] u5{ .
s[lqd qmflGtsf/Lx? r'gf}ltsf cufl8
3'8f 6]Sg k'U5\g, pgLx? uN5g\,
nlqG5g\ / af6f] df]8\g k'U5\g\ t/
;Rrf qmflGtsf/Lx?n] eg]
r'gf}ltx?sf] b[9tfk"js { ;fdgf u5{g
/ cfˆgf] nIotkm{ lg/Gt/ cufl8
a9\5g\ . qmflGtsf] of] dxfofqfdf o:tf]
klg b] l vg] u/] s f] 5– lxhf]
k|ltlqmofjfbL b'Zdg zlQmsf] h]n g]n
/ c;lxo oftgfdf gun]sf], g9n]sf]
of]4f cfly{s k|nf]egsf] hfndf ;lhn}
km:g klg ;Sbf]/x]5 . cyf{t\ æugsf]
cufl8 g9n]sf] of]4f wgsf cufl8
9n]sfÆ b[i6fGtx? klg xfd|f ;fd'
k|;:t} 5g\ . qmflGtofqfsf ltg} b'O{
vfn] kfqx?sf] ;lha lrq0f ;lxt
qmflGtsf/Lefj af]s]sf] gofF uLt
ahf/df cfPsf] 5– æcf] lxt;ËLÆ .
uLtdf zAb / ;ËLt, hgjfbL
uLtsf/ ÷ ;lËtsf/ lr/g ;Lsf]
/x] s f] 5 . ;z:q ;+ 3 if{ cyf{ t \
hgo'4df k|ToIf ;xefuL eP/ cfPsf
csf{ rlr{ t hgjfbL
uLtsf/÷;ËLtsf/ tyf ufos s0f{
uf}td …lab|f]xLÚ sf] :j/df ;lhPsf]
o; uLtdf ;ËLt ;+of]hg gf/fo0f
bËfnsf] /x]sf] 5 . uLtsf] lel8of]
lgb]{zg /lag 8f]ªn] u/]sf 5g\ .
uLtsf] lel8of]df ;h{s :jd lr/g
;L, ufos s0f{ lab|fx] L / snfsf/x?
;/n ;L, nId0f kflv|g, cg' zdf{ /
s'zn uf}tdnufotsf] clego /x]sf]
5 . uLtsf zAbx?n] oyfy{
qmflGtsf/L efj af]s]sf 5g\–
lxhf] lwSsf/]sf v'gL pgsf
sfvx?df
nl8a'8L u5f}{ /] eG5g\
lxhf] nnsf/]sf HofgL b'Zdg
ju{x?;Fu
dGb d':sfg xf:5f} /] eG5g\
cf] lxt;ËL ltdL sxfF 5f}
vf]Hb}5' ltd|f] d':sfg hxfF xfdL
;+s6 kbf{;Fu} xf;]sf]
cf] eg lk|o ltdL sxfF 5f}
vf]Hb}5' ltd|f] cfF;' hxfF sd/]8
;lxb x'Fbf;Fu} /f]Psf]
;'Gb}5' ltdLn] t ;fy 58\of} c/]
eGb}5g\ ltdLn] t af;} ;fof}{ c/]
cf] lxt;ËL===
ju{ zq'sf] /fHo ;Qf pN6fpg
lxhf] pgLx?;Fu} lx8]sf lyP . Tolt
a]nf pgLx? b'a}sf] dg dl:tis ju{
zq' k|ltsf] 3[0ffn] el/Psf] lyof] .
pgLx? b'a}sf] dgdf b]zdf Gofo /
;dfgtfd'ns ;dfh :yfkgf ug]{
;dfg ;kgf ;lhPsf] lyof] .
b'Zdgsf l;kflxn] nv]l6/x]sf tL
;Í6k"0f{ sfnf knx?df klg pgLx?
Ps csf{nfO{ x]/]/ d':s'/fO/x]sf
x'GYo] . t/ ;ÅboL efjsf] ToxL ;ËL
clxn] p:sf] ;fydf 5}g . s:tf]
cfZro{ / la8Dagfsf] s'/f Û lxhf]
h;nfO{ ju{ zq' 3f]if0ff u/]/, h;sf
lj?4df n8fO s]lGb|t ul/Psf] lyof]
cfh p;}sf] sfvdf dGbd':sfg
;f6f;f6 ub}{ Tof] lxt;ËL nl8a'8L
v]ln/x]sf] 5 . qmflGtky af6 larlnt
ToxL k'/fgf] lxt;ËLnfO{ ;Demb} Ps
;Rrf qmflGtsf/L of]2fsf] dgdf
v]n]sf efjx?nfO{ ;lha 9Ëaf6
ptfl/Psf] 5 o; uLtdf .
uLt æcf] lxt;ËLÆ n] at{dfg
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng leqsf leGgleGg
k|j[tLx?sf] oyfy{ cj:yf phfu/
u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] jfd cfGbf]ng
leq To:tf qmflGtky af6 larlnt
eP/ ju{ zq'sf] sfvdf nDk;f/
kl//x]sf kfqx? 5/k|:6 ?kdf b]Vg
kfOG5 . sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng ju{ljxLg
;dfh lgdf{0f gx'Fbf ;Dd lg/Gt/
rln/xg] dxfcleofg xf] . /fHo;Qf
eg]s} Pp6f ju{n] csf]{ ju{ dfyL
zf;g ug{ ckgfpg] Ps pRrtd
ynf] xf] . af3 / afv|f slxNo} klg
Pp6} vf]/ leq c6fpg ;Sb}gg .
zf]ifs / zf]lift ju{sf aLrdf klg
slxNo} d]n x'g ;Sb}g . zf]ifssf]
xftdf /x]sf] /fHo;Qf l5g]/ zf]lift
ju{n] cfˆgf] xftdf lngsf nflu g}
zf]lift pTkLl8t / bldthgx?
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf ;Ël7t x'g'
kb{5 . Pp6f ;Rrf sDo'lg:6 of]4fsf]
dg ju{ zq' k|lt ;w} lta| 3[0ff /
cfqmf]zn] el/Psf] x'g'kb{5 . – lxhf]
ToxL kf7 k9fpg] l;sfpg] sltko
sDo'lg:6 u'?x? g} cfh cfkm}F ju{
zq'sf] v'gL sfvdf nl8a'8L v]Ng',
pgLx? ;Ë} xft]dfnf] ub}{ dGbd':sfg
;f6f;f6 ul//x] s f] xfdL ;a} n ]
b]lv/x]s} 5f} . uLt æcf] lxt;ËLÆ
df g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng
leqsf] ToxL bf?l0fs cj:yf /
k|j[tLsf] phfu/ ul/Psf] 5 .
uLt æcf] lxt;ËLÆ df qmflGtky
af6 larlNnt ePsfx?sf]
cj:yfnfO{ lrq0f dfq ul/Psf] 5}g .
ju{ lsQf kl/jt{g u/]/ a;fO ;g]{
e'k' sfd/]8x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] ju{
w/ftn / st{Ao ;Demfpg] k|of; klg
ul/Psf] 5–
====cf] lxt;ËL ltdL sxfF 5f}
afFsL 5 lzv/ r'Dg],
;Fu;Fu} :jLsf/]sf ofqf afFsL 5
cf] eg lk|o ltdL sxfF 5f}
afFsL 5 nIo e]6g\ ,]
ju{eb] ldNsfpg] qmflGt afFsL 5
eGb}5g\ ltdLn] t 3ft u/]p c/]
;'Gb}5' ltdLn] t au}{ km]¥of} c/]
cf] eg lk|o====
xf] qmflGt cem} afFsL g} 5, k"/f
ePsf] 5}g . xfd|f] nIosf] Joj:yf
cem} cfPsf] 5} g . >d u/] /
vfg]x?sf] /fHo ;Qf b]zdf cem}
:yflkt e};s]sf] 5}g . clxn] klg
b]zsf] /fHo ;Qf al;vfg] zf]ifs
ju{s} xft leq s}b 5 . ;dfhdf
lje]b, c;dfgtf, HofbtL, 3';vf]/L,
e|i6frf/, clgoldttf, czflGt,
a]/f]huf/L, /fi6«3ft clxn] klg AofKt
5 . To;sf/0f b]zdf qmflGt clxn]
klg cfjZos 5 . cfk"mnfO{ sDo'lg:6
atfpg] s'g} klg g]tf / kf6L{nfO{
ju{3ft ug]{ 5'6 5}g . ju{zq';Fu
cÍdfn u/] / ju{ l jxLg ;dfh
lgdf{0fsf] nIo e]6fpg ;lsFb}g .
at{ d fg /fHo Joj:yf d" n tM
k|ltlqmofjfbL Joj:yfg} xf] . dfq
lxhf]sf] tfgfzfxL /fhtGqfTds
Joj:yfeGbf of] Joj:yf s] x L
k| u ltlzn xf] . t/, ;Dk" 0 f{
zf]lifthgx?sf] lxtsf/L Joj:yf xf]
xf]Og . sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx?n] t
of] u0ftflGqs ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{
>dhLlj ju{sf] kIfdf pkof]u ug]{
clwstd k|of; ug]{ xf], cfkm}F o}
Joj:yfaf6 pkof]u x'g] xf]Og . t/
la8Dagf Û clxn];Dd e}/x]sf] 5
ToxL . of] Joj:yfnfO{ pkof]u u5{'
eGb} ;+ ; b / ;/sf/df k' u ] s f
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{x?nfO{ k|ltlqmofjfbL,
;fd|fHojflb, lj:tf/jfbL / laif]zt
bnfn k'lhjfbL zQmLx?n] g} pkof]u
ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . sDo'lg:6 elgg]
tL kf6L{ / g] t fx?n] sDo' l g:6
cfGbf]ngsf] nIo / dd{ e'Nb} u}/x]sf
5g\ . ju{al} /x?sf] sfvd} /dfO/x]sf
5g\ pgLx? . uLt æcf] lxt;ËLÆ n]
qmflGt k|lt 3ft ug]{x?nfO{, cfˆgf]
jlu{ o w/ftn e' N b} / s' N rb}
hfg]x?nfO{ bl/nf] va/bf/L u/]sf]
5 . pgLx?nfO{ cfˆgf] ju{ w/ftn
gla;{g, qmflGt k|lt 3ft gug{,
kmls{P/ qmflGtkyd} cfpg cfjxfg
u/]sf] 5 . qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6
g}ltstf / cfr/0fdf x|f; cfpg
glbO lg/Gt/ qmflGtofqfdf 8l6/x]sf
dxf;d/sf cleofqLx?nfO{ yk phf{
/ k|]/0ff k|bfg u/]sf] 5 of] uLtn] .
uLtsf zAbx? ;/n 5g\ t/ To;
leq uDeL/ efjcGtlg{lxt /x]sf
5g\ . ;h{s cfkm}Fn] ;ËLt e/]sf
sf/0fg} x'g' k5{ uLtsf zAbx?n]
Gofok"0f{ ;ËLt kfPsf 5g\ . k|ultzLn
uLt÷;ËLt;Fu ;'kl/lrt / cEo:t
/x]sf gf/fo0f bËfnn] ;ËLt ;+of]hg
s'zntfk"j{s u/]sf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf
dxTjk"0f{ s'/f t zAb / ;lËt leq
cGt/lglxt efjdfyL k"0f{ Gofo lbg
;Sg] ufos kfPsf] 5 of] uLtn] .
hgufos s0f{ uf}td ælab|fx] LÆ cfkm}F
ju{;3+ if{sf] el§df vfl/P/ cfPsf Ps
:kfltnf ;f:s[lts of]4f x'g . pgL
cfkm}F uLtsf/ / ;lËtsf/ ;d]t x'g .
k|ultzLn ;f:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] Ps
cd'No lgwLsf ?kdf /x]sf] æ6'6km'6
vl08t s'/f gu/Æ af]nsf] rlr{t
uLtsf ;h{s, ;lËtsf/ / ufos
;d]t x'g s0f{ lab|f]xL . o:t} bh{gf}
qmflGtsf/L hguLtx?df cfkm}F zAb
;[hgf u/]/ ;ËLt e/]sf 5g pgn] .
/lQmd ;f+:s[lts cleofgaf6 cfˆgf]
hg;fËLlts ofqf ;' ? u/] s f
hgufos lab|f]xL kl5 dfcf]jfbL
hgo'4d} ;dflxt x'Fb} hg;fËLlts
ofqfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf lyP . Ps
sfwdf aGb' s / csf] { sfwdf
xfdf] { l god af] S b} hgd' l Qmsf]
dxfofqfdf lg/Gt/ 8l6/x] s f
;f+:s[lts of]4f x'g lab|fx] L . s0f{lk|o
:j/sf wgL pg} s0f{nfO{ of] uLtsf
d'Qmsx?
h] cf/ a}B
nflu ufos 5gf}6 ug{' ;h{ssf]
a'l4dtfk"0f{ ;xL lg0f{o lyof] eGg
;lsG5 . hgufos lab|fl] xn] uLtsf]
zAbefjk|lt k"0f{ Gofo u/]/ :j/
lbPsf 5g\ . uLt ;'Gbf lab|f]lxn] !_ ;u/dfyf 9Nb}5
zAbefjnfO{ cfTd;fy ul/ ufPsf]
k|:6 a'‰g ;lsG5 . cfsf; v:b}5
uLtsf] leh'cn klg /fd|f] ag]sf]
5 . uLtsf] b[:ofÍg s'g} gf6\o3/sf] efu vf]l;g] 8/n]
xndf ul/Psf] 5 . ;h{s, ;h{s} KjfFv klg Xj]n aGb}5 .
e"ldsfdf, ufos ufoss} e"ldsfdf,
;ËLt ;+of]hs lsaf]8{ ahfpFb} u/]sf]
e"ldsfdf, cg' zdf{ / s'zn uf}td
lutf/ jfbssf] e"ldsfdf / ;/n @_ /f]d hNbf Go'/f] afF;/' L ahfpF5,
l; 8«d afwssf] e"ldsfdf b]lvPsf
5g . leh' c nsf] k[ i 7e" l ddf
sf]zL ax'nfpbf kfFr tf/]df gfr rN5 .
qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdf ljutsf] u/Lasf] p7L af; x'bf s] ug]{ v} <
;dosf emNsf] lbg] b[Zox? klg
b]vfOPsf] 5 . tL ;a} e"ldsf / kfFr lsnf] rfdnn] d'v l;nfO{G5 .
b[Zox?df clego ug]{ snfsf/x?sf]
clego pTs[i6 g} b]lvG5 . /lag
8f]ªsf] lgb]{;lso sf};ntf cAan #_ ;f]x}| cfgf ;To b]vs ] f] s'/f,
/x]sf] of] uLtdf klg k|:6 emlNsPsf]
5 . oBlk uLtsf] zAb efjn] lxhf] 5ftL tfs] klg eGg 8/fOg .
;+ 3 if{ / t /xbfsf ufp3/ /
agkfvfsf b[Zox? / qmflGtky af6
5ftL dfly 9'Ëf /fvL xf;]F
larlNnt ePsf] sd/]8 ju{a}/L ;Ë t/ afËf]nfO{ ;f]emf] elgg ..
/dfpF b } u/] s f] zx/ ahf/sf
b[Zox?sf] klg dfu u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
lel8of]sf tL b[iox? cfp68f]/ ;'l6ª
u/]sf] eP cem ;'gdf ;'uGw ylkGYof]
$_ h]n t vfOof] k~rfotdf
eGg] hf]sf]lxsf] dgdf klg nfUg t/ x/]; eg] vfb}vfOPg .
;S5 .
k| u ltzLn / qmflGtsf/L /fhgLlt ug]{ efu] klg
uLtx?sf] t'ngf cGo Aoj;flos cfkm" eg] e]8F f algPg ..
uLtx? ;Ë ug{ ;lsFbg} . tL b'OnfO{
tf}ng] t/fh' g} cnu cnu x'g .
t;y{ uLtn] Aoj;flos ?kdf slt
d'gfkmf cfh{g u5{ To;sf cfwf/df %_ vfO{ kfO{ cfPsf] tna
k| u ltzLn, qmflGtsf/L tyf Tolt ePg vfz} dtna .
hguLtx?sf] ;kmntf jf c;kmntf
dfkg ug{' x'Fb}g . hguLtx?df h] u/]/ lg hLjg rNg]
ljrf/kIf / Tof] lutn] k|jfx ug{
vf]hs ] f] ;Gb]; k|wfg x'G5 . uLt æcf] ;+3if{ lagf x'Gy]+ ;w} tgfa ..
lxt;ËL æ leq cGt/lglxt ljrf/
/ To;n] lbPsf] ;Gb]; ;'Gb/ 5 .
of] uLtn] qmflGtky af6 larlNnt ^_ ;fDoafb 5 ;'Gb/ ;kgf
ePsfx?nfO{ va/bf/L u/]sf] 5 eg]
qmflGtsf/L g} l tstf ;lxt em'Sb} gem'Sg] ofqf 5 lakgf .
OdfGbf/Ltfsf ;fy qmflGtkydf kf/L Kfl/lIflth k'Ug] cfF6 d]/f]
8l6/x]sf of]4fx?nfO{ phf{ k|bfg
u/]sf] 5 . o;y{ k|ultzLn ;f:s[lts oxL 5 dL7f] ;kgf hkgf ..
cfGbf]ng / sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf
s[ofl;n x/]s cleofqLx?n] of] uLt
;'Gbf / x]bf{ Tof] pgLx?sf nflu g} &_ d]/f] Uffp d]/f]F d]/f] zx/
nfebfos x'g5 ] . hgjfbL ;h{s tyf
;lËtsf/ lr/g ;Ln] ljut s]xL cf}wL nfU5 a:g dnfO{ /x/ .
;do otf hguLt tyf qmflGtsf/L
uLtx?sf] k|sf;gnfO{ lgs} lta|tf lszfgsf syfx? ToxLF 5g\
lbO/x]sf 5g\ . of] lgs} v'lzsf] s'/f 5}g 5}g dnfO{ ufpFdf 8/ ..
xf] . pgsf uLtx? a9L gf/fjfbL /
kfl6{ut :jfy{ ldl>t eP eGg] cf/f]k
klg a]nf a]nfdf nfUg] u/]sf] 5 .
t/ clxn] cfPsf] æcf] lxt;ËLÆ Tof] *_ cGt sxfF 5 :ju{ < oxLF g]kfndf 5
cf/f]k af6 k"0f{ ?kdf d'Qm 5 . lxdfndf 5, kxf8df 5 t/fO{df 5 .
cfufdL lbgdf klg To:tf cf/f]k
af6 aRb}, o:t} :jR5 / pTs[i6 sfln8 x'g 7"nf agfpF5g\ O{Zj/
qmflGtsf/L efj af]ss ] f ;[hgfx?nfO{
;h{s lr/gn] lg/Gt/tf lbFb} hfpg .
;Qf kN6fpg] 7"nf] zlQm pgdf 5 .
;h{s Pj+ ;lËtsf/ lr/g l; ;lxt
æcf] lxt;ËLÆ uLt lgdf{0f o'lg6sf
;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?nfO{ xflb{s awfO{sf (_ ;fd|fHoafb bfga xf]
;fy of] uLt ;kmntfsf] xflb{s
z'esfdgf .
bnfn k'lhafb bfgasf] k'R5/ xf]
-n]vs zdf{ /lQmd ;f:s[lts gflr/x]5g\ bnfn b]zdf
cleofgsf cWoIf x'g ._
b]z vfg] sDo'lgi6 e]if xf] .
5f] / f;/x
!)_ Pd;L;L P;kLkLn] lsG5 b]z
5f]/LnfO{ 8n/sf] nf]edf a]R5g\ g]kfnL e]if
:s'n k9\g n]08"k] bf]h{] oxLF 5g\ g]kfndf
;s] ;s] b]z gful/stfn] dw]z . .
k7fcf}+ . -Gff]6 d'Qmdf t];f| ] x/km cg'R5]b d'Qm_
 @)*) ;fn c;f/ #! ut] cfOtaf/
Aof8 ns bfO–l/k Û
em§} ;fdflhs ;~hfndf xflh/
x'gk' 5{, ToxfF hyfefjL l/k, sd]G6
aS;leq l/k kf]:6 b]lvG5 o;f]
a'‰b} ubf{ nfU5 lsg < lhpFbf]
dfG5]nfO{ To:tf] n]vs ] f] xf]nf Tof] t
bfOn] kl/jt{gsf nflu l;sfPsf]
k|lzIf0f kf] /x]5 Û s;}n] af]ng] g\ eg]
x]/ t bfOeGbf af]Ng] sf]xL 5 s;}n]
af]Ng ;Sb}gg\ bfO hlt eGg} k¥of],
c? ;a} vtd, bfO xfO xfO Û sf]xL
af]lnxfNof] eg] p;nfO{ lhpFb} df/]/
km]l/ l/k n]lvG5 . w]/} k6s d t
cndNn k/] s] x'bF 5 } oxfF t/ a'‰b}
hfFbf bfOn] cd]l/sfaf6 gofF ;+:sf/
leq\ofpg' ePsf] /x]5 . c? ;a}nfO{
cZnLn zAb k|of]u u/ d}n] h] u5{'
u'8 ns bfO eg, d}n] g]kfnL
gful/stf Tofu]/ cd]l/sL
gful/stf lnPkl5 u'8 ns bfO
eg, d}n] htftt} efph' agfPkl5
u'8 ns bfO eg, d}n] b'Orf/
e'/fef/LnfO{ dfl/lbP klg u'8 ns
bfO eg, d}n] b'O{ s/f]8 dfu] klg
u'8 ns bfO eg . P atf;] efOx?
Ps lbg b]znfO{ ljb]zLsf] xftdf
kfl/lbG5' u'8 ns bfO eg, lsgeg]
d l;w} eu'jfg\ ?lk cg'xf/ lnP/
cd]l/sfaf6 Joj:yf x}g cj:yf
abNg cfPsf] xf], k'/fgf] 3/nfO{
/Ë\ofpg cfPsf] xf], ltd|f] bfO To;}
otf cfPsf] 5 < g]kfn agfpg]
eg]/ cfPsf] x' .
c?nfO{ l/k / cZnLn zAb k|of]u
u/, Pp6f s'/f lrRofP/ eg efOx?
xf] ltd|L cfdf dnfO{ a'emfO b]p u'8
ns bfO eg lsgls ltd|L cfdf
eu'jfg\ ;Fu kf] ;'Tg kfpg] eOg\ .
Tof] s'/fdf ljZjf; gu/ c?
;a} vtd x'g vtd e};s] sfd}
gnfUg] e};s] l:6n l56f] tfltG5
l56f] ;]nfp5 . slxn]sfxL c?n]
bfOsf] lj?4df prfNg ;S5g\
lsgls ltdLx¿sf] bfO kmf]xf]/ ;kmf
ug{ clxn] kmf]xf]/leq 8'la;Sof] d
kmf]xf]/sf] 8'Ë/' df km;] eg] klg u'8
ns bfO eg lsgls ltd|f] bfO
eu'jfg\ xf] . sf] eu'jfg\n] xTof ub}g{
/ < sf] eu'jfgsf] b'O–{ rf/j6f
>LdtL x'bF g} / < eu'jfg\sf] t b]z}
x'bF g} lsgls ;fx|f hut eu'jfg\sf]
O;f/fdf rN5 gkTofP/ x]/ t d]/f
eQmx?, bf;x? dnfO{ ;fdflhs
;~hfne/L xfO xfO u'8 ns bfO
elg/x]sf 5g\ .
;fRr} eGg'kbf{ ;'g efO xf], ltd|f]
bfO g]kfndf hGd]/ ;a} Tofu]/
eujfg\ gdfGg] qmflGtsf/Lsf]
cft+sn] cd]l/sf uPsf] lyP Totf
rdTsf/ g} eof] lg efO xf] cd]l/sL
;/sf/n] dnfO{ dlxgfsf] b'O{ s/f]8
kmNg] ?v lbPsf] lyof], To;kl5 d
sfd ug{ otf cfP cd]l/sL xfjf
rnfpg, ;a}nfO{ atf;] agfpg t/
h] ePklg efO xf] c?n] /fd|f] u/]
klg l/k eg bfOn] h] u/] klg u'8
ns bfO eg lsgls ltd|f] bfO
atf;] eu'jfg\ xf] . ;'g efO xf] o:tf]
s;/L x'G5 eg] of] ;a} atf;] sdfn
xf] lsgls 5f]/f ePkl5 a]ng' df
xfjf eg{ ;Sg'k5{ .
;+;f/ atf;åf/f rln/x]sf] 5
To;}n] s;}n] dnfO{ cfaf/f ju{sf]
dflns eGnfg\ ltdLx?n] pgLx¿nfO{
l/k eGg' s;}n] of] bnfn k'h
F LjfbL
;+;bLo Joj:yf vtd eGnfg\
pgLx¿nfO{ cZnLn zAb / ;a}eGbf
a9L l/k eGg' c? ;a}nfO{ l/k eGg'
bfO dfq l7s eGg', lsgls ltd|f]
laqmfGt ;L
bfO atf;] sDkgLsf] dflns xf] .
Pp6f s'/f yfxf 5 efO Û cf]
u'undf /f]6L e]l6G5 clxn] s]
kfOb}g km];a's, l6s6s, 6'O6/df,
;fdflhs ;~hfndf vf]Hof] eg] ;a}
e]l6G5, Tof] ltd|f] bfOsf] gofF cjtf/
xf] c?n] h] u/] klg l/k n]Vg', d}n]
h] h] u5{' l7s n]Vg', u'8 ns bfO
n]Vg' lsgeg] of] efO/n / efO/;sf]
hdfgf xf], d oxfF Joj:yf x}g
cj:yf kl/jt{g ug{ cfPsf] x',
lj:tf/} g]kfnnfO{ ljb]zLsf] xftdf
a'emfpg cfPsf] x',F k'/fgf ;a} vtd
ePkl5 d}n] gofF /fhgLlt sDkgL
vf]ns] f] x', d}n] To;} af]ns
] f] x' / <
efO xf] d Pd;L;L, P;kLkL
lhGbfjfb eG5' u'8 ns bfO eGg'
h;n] d'bf{jfb eG5g\ pgLx?nfO{ l/k
eGg' lsgls of] ;a}eGbf /fd|f] 5 .
Aof8 ns bfO l/k–;flRrs} ;To
s'/f eGg'kbf{ g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df
ljleGg lsl;dsf cfGbf]ng eP
To;n] cfd'n kl/jt{g ug{ ;s]g .
jt{dfg g]kfndf Aof8 ns eg]sf]
c;kmn bnfn k'h F LjfbL ;+;bLo
Joj:yf g} Aof8 ns xf], o;nfO{
kl/jt{g u/]/ hgtfsf] Joj:yf
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfaf6
/fHo ;+rfng ug{' g} u'8 ns xf]
xfdL ;r]t gf}hjfg g]kfnL o'jf
k':tfx? ljb]zL bnfnn] rnfPsf]
xfjfdf ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf efO/n
/ b]zdf k}bf ePsf gofF efO/;
pN6f;'N6f ufgf ufpg] xfjf rnfpg],
e|d 5g]{ b]znfO{ c;kmntf
l:y/tfdf c8\sfpg], /f]Sg], kl/jt{g
grfxg] e"d08nLs[t ;fd|fHojfbsf
6§" bnfn k'h F Ljfbsf dltof/,
;+;bLo cfaf/f, alu{o atf;]x?
xfd|f] b]zsf Aof8 ns x'g .
Pp6f s'/f em'6f] x}g ;frf] 5
g]kfndf ljsf; / kl/jt{gsf] vfrf]
5 htftt} lg/fzfn] 5fPsf] 5,
cy{tGq w/f;foL ePsf] 5, b]z
k/lge{/ 5, lbgf}lbg o'jf ljb]zLPsf
5g\, xTof– lx+;f anfTsf/, cfly{s
dGbL, lzIff If]qdf k/lge{/tf, bIf
hgzlQm knfog tyfgfd hgtfsf]
hghLljsfsf] kIfdf hl6n l:yltdf
k'us] f] 5, of] ;a} bnfn k'h F LjfbL
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] pkh xf] .
at{dfg ;/sf/n] cfˆg} b]zsf]
gful/s a]Rg] bnfnx? x/]s
sf08sf e|i6 / bnfnsf kmfOn
kN6fP/ s]xLnfO{ k|sfp u/]/ h]n
xfNof], of] qmd hf/L 5 t/ h]n
xfNg'kg],{ em'lG8P/ l/k eGg'kg],{
n]Vg'kg]{ t of] Joj:yf e};Sof] lg <
elgG5 zf;g Joj:yf ;xL jf
untn] /fi6«sf] klxrfg emlNsG5 .
To;}n] k'/fgf kf6L{, k'/fgf dfG5] x}g
ls of] elTsg nfu]sf] k'/fgf]
Joj:yfn] of] ;+s6 k}bf ePsf] 5
sf]xL klZrd g]kfnsf] k'/fgf] 3/sf]
jfb{nLdf uP/ efO/n xf];\ tyfgfd
xfjf / e|d 5/f];\ x'gj] fnf s]xL klg
5}g, emg\ b]z hl6n kl/l:yltlt/
ys]lnG5 . ;+;f/n] u'8 ns bfO
egf];\ cfO na o' af egf];,\ sfsf
xh'/ af h] eg] klg sf]xL ef/t
uP/ efO/n xf];,\ atf;] ukm 5/f];\
of] Joj:yfleq sf]xL hf]lusf] hfb'sf]
5lan] b]zsf] d'xf/ km]l/b}g emg\ b]z
6f6 klN6g] vt/fdf 5 .
ca To;f] eP u'8 ns s;/L
x'G5 t ha klZrd g]kfnsf] las6
lhNnfsf] efO/n k'/fgf] 3/ h:tf]
;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ /+u/f]ug u/]/
Tot}lt/ e|d 5g]{ atf;], xfjf 5g]{
oxL kSsf, oxL l7s, o;}af6 cj:yf
km]l/G5 eGg]lt/ s'al' 4 nufpg'eGbf
To;nfO{ eTsfP/ g]kfnL l8hfOg /
l86]n O:6d]6åf/f ;a} g]kfnLx?sf]
andf g]kfnL ;|ft] ;fwgaf6 dha't
;a}n] rfx]sf] ufF;, af;, skf;,
lzIff, :jf:Yo /f]huf/, oftfoft,
;'/Iff, ;+rf/ / k|ljlwo'Qm ;d'Ggt
;dfh lgdf{0f ug]{ ;dfhjfbL 3/ jf
g]kfnL df}lnstfsf] ;dfhjfbL
Joj:yf :yfkgf u/]kl5 clg dfq
u'8 ns x'G5 .
Aof8 ns bfO l/k–olb xfdL
atf;] k|jl[ Qaf6 /fhtGq rflxG5,
oxL l7s, c? ;a} a]7Ls ;a}n] xfdL
dfq l7s eGg yfNg] xf] eg] oxLF
Joj:yfdf c8\lsg' kg]{ xf] eg] b]z
vt/f aNofs xf]ndf km:g] 5 .
e"d08nLs[t ;fd|fHojfbn] lgNg
vf]lhg] 5, Pd;L;L / P;kLkL
nfb\gsf] nflu cd]l/sL ;]gfn] xfd|f]
b]zdf k/]6 v]g{] vt/f ;+st]
b]lvG5 . k'/fgf bnfn kf6L{nfO{
c;kmn / a]sfd] ;flat u/]/ gofF
cfˆgf bfO egfpFbf h:t} s]xL Ph]G6
xfaL u/]/ g]kfnL rfaL cfk"m;Fu /fVg]
l8hfOg b]lvG5 . To;kl5 cfˆgf]
cl:tTj /Iff /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf]
eLif0f n8fOdf ;a}sf a]nd} f gv'ns ] f
cGweQm ;f]r / cfFvf v'n/] of]
;+;bLo Joj:yf ;fy} Ps};fy o'qm]gL
z}nLdf d'sG' 8f]wf/L h]n:] sLsf]
cGTo]li6df af]lng] 5, n]lvg] 5,
htftt} Aof8 ns bfO l/k ÛÛ
-n]vs M clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x'g\ ._
clvn g]kfn oftfoft dhb'/ ;+3 nlntk'/sf] cWoIfdf rf}w/L
sf7df8f}F . clvn g]kfn oftfoft
dhb'/ ;+3 nlntk'/sf] ;ftf}F e]nfn]
lagf]b rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf @!
;b:oLo gofF lhNnf sld6L rog
u/]sf] 5 . ;'lgn lyªsf] cWoIftfdf
;DkGg e]nfsf] ;~rfng ;'lgtf
b' n fnn] u/] s L lyOg\ eg] pQm
sfo{qmddf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o hLjGt ;Lsf] k|dv ' ;Dk"0f{ dhb'/sf] d'lQmsf nflu dhb'/
pkl:ylt x'gs' f ;fy} cltly ldgf ;L
/ clvn g]kfn qmflGtsf/L 6«8] o'lgog
g]skf emfkfåf/f tLg la3fdf wfg /f]kfO“
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n]
emfkfsf] uf}/LuGhdf tLg la3f hUuf
ef8fdf lnP/ ;fd"lxs wfg v]tL ug{
yfn]sf] 5 . sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf g]tf–
sfo{stf{n] clgjfo{ >d / pTkfbgdf
hf]l8g'kg]{ s]Gb|Lo gLltcGtu{t hUuf
ef8fdf lnP/ wfg v]tL ul/Psf]
kf6L{sf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L ;~ho ;Ln]
atfP˜ . o;cl3 e"uf]ndf hgtfsf
ljleGg ;d:of lnP/ slxn] ;+3if{ t
slxn] 5nkmndf bf}l8g] g]skfsf
sfo{stf{ olta]nf uf}/LuGhdf /x]sf]
v]tLdf lxnfDd] eP/ wfg /f]lk/x]sf
e] l 6G5g\ . emfkf lhNnf
kf6L{cGtu{tsf ;Dk"0f{ g]tf–sfo{stf{
c;f/ !) ut] kZrft\ lg/Gt/ >d
ul//x]sf] kf6L{sf lhNnf OGrfh{
k|zfGt ;Ln] atfP .
olta]nf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n]
b]z}e/ ;of}+ la3feGbf a9L If]qdf
wfg nufO/x]sf] / kf6L{sf ;Dk"0f{ g]tf
tyf sfo{stf{ >d;Fu hf]l8Psf]
kf6L{sf d]rL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ ;'dgl;+x
;Ln] atfP . sfo{ s tf{ ; F u } wfg
/f]lk/x]sf pgn] Onfd / kfFry/df
lrof, cb'jf, cn}+rLnufotsf] v]tL
e}/x]sf] / emfkfdf wfg /f]kfOF ePsf]
atfpFb} casf] s]xL jif{leq} cfˆg}
pTkfbgdf kf6L{sf g]tf–sfo{stf{
cfTdlge{/ aGg] gLltsf ;fy kf6L{
cufl8 al9/x]sf] / wfg v]tL dfq}
geP/ s[lif tyf kz'kfng nufotsf
If]qdf klg sfd z'? e};s]sf] atfP .
dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf gf/fo0f ;L,
s]lGb|o ;b:oåo nfnaxfb'/ ;L /
lbg]z ;Lsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .
pQm lhNnf e]nfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o hLjGt ;Ln] k'/fgf]
dlSs;s]sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yf geO{
casf] af6f] j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :k:6
ePsf]n] b]z Totflt/ 8f]l//x]sf] a]nf
qmflGtdf sl6a4 g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{
qmflGtsf/L dhb'/ cleofgdf nfUg
olta]nf g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n]
d'ns
' nfO{ :jfwLg / cfTdlge{/ agfpg]
tyf ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{sf g]tf–sfo{stf{
clgjfo{ >d / pTkfbg ;Fu hf]l8g'k5{
eGg] p2]Zosf ;fy b]ze} / wfg /f]kfOF
cleofg rnfPsf] 5 . pTkflbt rfdn
kf6L{ n fO{ rnfodfg agfpg /
g]tf÷sfo{stf{sf] e/0fkf]if0fsf nflu k|of]u
cg]d ;+3 qmflGtsf/L eQmk/' sf] cWoIfdf ;ldIff ;L
sf7df8f}F . clvn g]kfn dlxnf
;+3 qmflGtsf/L eQmk'/sf] rf}yf]
;Dd]ngn]
;ldIff ;Lsf]
g] t [ T jdf !%
;b:oLo lhNnf
sld6L lgjf{lrt
u/] s f] 5 .
;Dd]ngaf6
cWoIfdf
;ldIff,
pkfWoIf b'uf{,
;lrj zf/bf,
;x;lrj
; ' l g t f ,
sf] i ffWoIf sdnfnufot cGo
;b:o;lxt !% ;b:oLo /x]sf 5g\ .
clvn g] k fn dlxnf ;+ 3
qmflGtsf/Lsf cWoIf tyf g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
aGw' ;Lsf] k|dv ' cfltYotfdf ePsf]
sfo{qmddf clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3
qmflGtsf/Lsf pkfWoIf tyf kf6L{sf
7
clkn ug{s ' f ;fy} j}1flgs ;dfhjfb
lagf dhb'/sf] xs / k"0f{ clwsf/
k|fKt gx'g] atfP .
ljut / k/fk"js{ fnsf a[xt\ dhb'/
cfGbf]ngsf ;fy} bz jif]{ hgo'4, !(
lbg] hgcfGbf] n g / PsLs[ t
hgqmflGtaf6 yk k|0] ff lnFb} / uf}/ak"0f{
dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;nfO{ yk
?kfGt/0f ub}{ g]kfnL df}lnstfdf dhb'/
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ljsf; ug{k' g]d{ f k|dv '
cltly hLjGtn] hf]8 lbPsf lyP .
ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 . g]skfn] b]ze} /sf
sfo{stf{nfO{ c;f/ !) b]lv #) ut];Dd
clgjfo{ pTkfbg;Fu hf]l8gsf nflu
e"uf]naf6 ljbf lbPsf] 5 .
g]skfn] cfTdlge{/ cy{tGq,
cfTdlge{/ pTkfbg, cfTdlge{/ kf6L{ /
cfTdlge{/ g]tf Pj+ sfo{stf{ gf/f lbP/
d'ns
' e} l/ of] cleofg rnfO{Psf] 5 .
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o e[s'6L ;L, ;+u7gsf
dxf;lrj /fhs'df/L ;L, g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf eQmk'/ lhNnf
OGrfh{ clvn, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o 1fg'
;L, kf6L{sf lhNnf ;]qm]6/L b]j,
k|sfzg ljefusf l8cf
;Lnufotsf] cfltYotf /x] s f]
lyof] . ;ldIff ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf
ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng zf/bf
;Ln] u/]sL lyOg\ .
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
g]kfn sDo'lgi6=====
;ldlt ;b:o ljifd ;L / e/t
;L;lxtsf g]tf k|wfgdGqL lgjf;
afn' j f6f/ k' u L k| w fgdGqL tyf
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf k|r08sL
hLjg;fyL ;Ltf bfxfnsf] lgwgk|lt
>4f~hnL / kl/jf/k| l t xflb{ s
;dj] b gf JoQm ub} { zf] s kq
x:tfGt/0f u/]sf x'g\ .
o;cl3 ut a' w af/ g] k fn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj
;L / k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] g]skf
dfcf] j fbL s] G b| s f] kf6L{ s] G b| L o
sfof{no k]l/;8fF8f k'u]/ cWoIf
k|r08sL hLjg;fyL ;Ltf bfxfnsf]
lgwgk|lt >4f~hnL / kl/jf/k|lt
xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm u/]sf lyP .
o;}u/L, ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ g]kfnn]
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|_
sf ;Nnfxsf/ kl/ifb\sf ;b:o tyf
k|r08 kTgL ;Ltf bfxfnsf] lgwgdf
>4f~hnL JoQm u/]sf] 5 . df]rf{df
;xefuL bnsf k|d'v g]tfx¿åf/f
a'waf/ Ps zf]s aQmJo hf/L ub}{
bfxfnsf] lgwgk|lt >4f~hnL /
k|r08nufot zf]s ;GtKt kl/jf/df
;dj]bgf k|s6 u/]sf] xf] .
df]rf{åf/f hf/L zf]s aQmJodf –
æsd/]8 ;Ltf bfxfn g]kfnL sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngsf] Pp6f cg'kd qmflGtsf/L
of]4f x'gx' G' Yof] . pxfF ;a} st{Jolgi7
/ ju{kIfw/ /xg'eof] . /fhgLltsf]
clt ljifd kl/l:yltdf klg pxfF
cljrlnt¿kdf g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
kIfdf b[9 eP/ pleg'eof] . pxfFn]
g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ng dfq xf]Og,
cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] /fhgLlts
of]ubfgnfO{ ;'b9[ / ;Ël7t ug{ klg
d2t k'¥ofpg'eof] . pxfFsf] of]ubfgnfO{
g]kfnL /fhgLlts Oltxf;n] pRr
d"NofÍg ug]{5Æ elgPsf] 5 .
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj
ljKnj ;L, PsLs[t ;dfhjfbLsf
dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf
pkfWoIf gf/fo0fsfhL >]i7 / hgtf
;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf pk]Gb| ofbjåf/f
;+o'Qm ¿kdf x:tfIfl/t aQmJodf
;dfhjfbL df]rf{ g]kfnsf] tkm{af6
xfdL pxfFk|lt pRr ;Ddfg ub}{
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E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
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