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n'lDjgLnfO{ /fVg' 3f]/ cfklQhgs / lgGbgLo sfo{ xf] . t;y{, ef/tn] g]kfn;Fu ;s]g . !@ a'Fb] ;xdltdf g} g]tf
dfkmL dfUb} ;+;b ejgsf] cufl8 /flvPsf] …cv08 ef/tÚ elgPsf] gS;fjf6 sdf08/n] cfTd;dk{0f ul/;s]sf
g]kfnsf] slknj:t' / n'lDjgLnufotnfO{ tsfn x6fpg' k5{ . olb ef/tLo lyP . clxn] ;F:sf/ p:t} 5 .
hLjgz}nL klg p:t} 5 . hghLljsf
k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bLn] :jtGq /fi6« g]kfnsf] e"ldnfO{ cfˆgf] b]zsf] gS;fdf emg las/fn 5 . e|i6frf/ pRr
/fVg] x:tIf]ksf/L / cltqmd0fsf/L sfo{ g;RofP cfdg]kfnL hgtfn] 5 . @)^@÷^# sf] hgcfGbf]ngsf]
;+3if{sf] andf ;/sf/dfkm{t\ pQm x:tIf]ksf/L / cltqmd0fsf/L sfo{ tTsfn andf @)^% h] 7 !% ut]
;Rofpg ef/tnfO{ afWo kfg{s ' f] lasNk 5}g . nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf ePsf]
x'g\ t ef/tn] ljutb]lv g} g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / xf] . t/ ;F:sf/ p:t}, zf;g p:t},
ef}uf]lns If]qdf cltqmd0f / x:tIf]k ub}{ cfPsf] hu hfx]/ g} 5 . ef/tn] k|a[lt p:t} p:t} 5 . cem eGg] xf]
eg] n"6 tGq rn]sf] 5 .
;LdfjtL{ If]qdf an ldRofOF ubf{ k6s–k6s g]kfn] hgtf k|tfl8t x'g' k/]sf]
l;+xb/af/ 3/–3/ eg] klg l;+x
s'g} gf}nf] 36gf xf]Og . lautb]lv g} g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nfrf/Lkgsf sf/0f 3/ 3/df cfPsf] 5 b/af/ ePsf]
ef/tn] a]/f]stf]s ;Ldf If]qdf cfˆgf] ultljlw cufl8 a9fpFb} cfO/x]sf] cg' e " l t 5} g . Pd;L;L kf;
5 . ef/tn] ;LdfjtL{ If]qdf anldRofOFkj" s { lgdf{0f u/]sf ;+/rgfsf sf/0f u/fOPsf] 5 . ca P;P;kL klg
vf;u/L avf{ofddf xhf/f}+ g]kfnLn] ;f:tL a]xf]l//x] klg ;d:of ;'Nemfpg k|f;
] ;
] df b]lvG5 . l;Gw'kfGrf]s cflb
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 xfn;Dd s'g} k|efjsf/L kxn x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfn 7fpFx?df cd]l/sg ;]gf lgaf{w
kIfaf6 a]nfa]nf ePsf s"6gLlts kqfrf/ / Wofgfsif{0fsf] klg ef/tn] lxFl8/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . lnk'n]s
lnlDkofw'/f / sfnfkfgLdf ef/tLo
/2Lsf] 6f]s/Ldf ldNsfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] @^ lhNnf ef/tLo ;Ldf;Fu ;]gf dfr{kf; ul//x]sf] yfxf x'G5 .
hf]l8Psf 5g\ . g]kfn ef/taLr Ps xhf/ cf7 ;o *) lsnf]ld6/ ;Ldf/]vf bfr'{nfdf ef/tLo ;]gfsf] laulauL
5 . To;dWo] @# lhNnfdf ;Ldf ljjfb 5 eg] g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldf/]vfsf] &!
:yfgdf cltqmd0f, ldrfg u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] ljjflbt If]qkmn &( xhf/ ^ ;o
$@ x]S6/ /x]sf] cfFs8f 5 . oLdWo] sfnfkfgL, lnlDkofw'/f If]qdf #^ xhf/,
gjnk/f;Lsf] ;':tfdf !$ xhf/ / cGo lhNnfdf ( xhf/ x]S6/ hldg ef/tLo
g]skf k"jL{ tfD;flnª Ao'/f]n] /fli6«otf / hghLljsfsf kIfdf ;+3if{ rsf{pg]
kIfaf6 cltqmldt ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
k"jL{ tfD;flnª Ao'/f]n] /fli6«otf /
g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts bn / ltgsf g]tfx? cfˆgf] kf6L{ut / JolQmut :jfy{
hghLljsfsf kIfdf ;+3if{ rsf{pg]
k"lt{sf nflu ef/tsf] u'nfd aGg] u/]sfn] g} ef/tsf] dgf]an a9\b} uPsf] xf] . lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . lalxaf/ sfe|d ] f
t;y{, b]zsf] cl:tTj /Iffsf] lglDt b]zsf tdfd /fhgLlts bn / g]tfx? ;DkGg a}7sn] ev{/} pb\3f6g ePsf]
ef/tLo x:tIf]kla?4 Psh'6 eP/ nfUg' clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . cGoyf ef/tsf] ef/lto ;+;b ejg cufl8 cv08
x:tIf]k emg\–emg\ a9\b} hfg] / Ps lbg b]zsf] cl:tTj dfly g} ;+s6 k'¥ofpg] ef/tsf] gS;fdf g]kfnL e"efu n'lDjgL
lglZrt 5, r]tgf eof . slknj:t' nufotsf 7fpFx? /fVg'
s'6gLlts dof{bf lakl/t ePsf] 7x/
cd]l/sfn] b]z lgNg] vt/f a9\of]
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf e"d08nLs[t k'h F Ljfb cfˆgf] ;Qf ;'b9[
ub}{ o;sf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]
5 . o;n] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfdfly
vnn k'¥ofpg] eGb} Ao'/f] dftxtsf
d]rL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ ;'dgl;+x ;Ln] ug{ nfu] s f] x' g fn] b] z eQm / lhNnfx?df /fhgLlts, j}rfl/s,
g]kfndf cd]l/sL x:tIf]k pTsif{df qmflGtsf/Lx? Ps x'g / ldn]/ k|ltjfb ;f+u7lgs nufotsf If]qdf ef/tsf]
k'Ub} uPsf] atfPsf 5g . lalxaf/ ug{s' f] ljsNk gePsf] atfP . o:tf] /a} o fsf] lj?4, Pglhcf]
cfOPghLcf]x?n] ;fdflhs sfdsf
gfddf u/]sf] n'6sf] lj?4df ;+3if{
ug]{ lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .
pQm a}7sdf g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf k"jL{
tfD;flnª Ao'/f] OGrfh{ ljsNk ;Ln]
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ;s{n ' /nfO{ :k:6 kfb}{
e"dG8nLs[t ;fd|fHojfb g]kfndf
Pd;L;L sfof{Gjog u/fpg] gfddf
k|az] u/]/ g]kfnsf] cl:dtfdfly wfjf
af]ns] f] atfP . pgn] ;fd|fHojfbn]
Onfdsf] ;b/d'sfddf a;]sf] d]rL ev{/} ef/tn] cfˆgf] cv08 g] k fn k| a ] z ul/;s] s f] n ]
Ao'/f]sf] laz]if a}7s af]Nb} pgn] ;f] ef/tsf] gS;fdf g]kfnsf] n'lDagL / sDo'lg:6x?sf] lardf /fli6«o Pstf
s'/f atfPsf x'g\ . pgn] Pd;L;L x'bF } slknj:t' n fO{ ;d] 6 ] s f] ljifo ul/ ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj?4df Pstfj4
cd]l/sfn] cfˆgf] ;}Go pkl:tly cfklQhgs /x] s f] / ef/tLo eP/ n8\ g ljleGg qmflGtsf/L
g]kfndf u/fpg] k|oTg ul//x]sf] atfpFb} ;fd|fHojfb klg g]kfndf cl:y/tf sDo'lg:6 b]zeQmx?sf] lardf a[xt
cd]l/sfn] b]z g} lgNg ;Sg] vt/f lgDTofP/ ;+;bLo Aoj:yfk|lt hgtfsf] ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ agfpg] cleofgdf
a9]sf] 7f]s'jf u/] . kf6L{ s]lGb|o c;Gt'li6nfO{ cfˆgf] cg'sn" sf] kl/l:ylt
lrlDnPsf] 5 . s] ef/t /
cd]l/sfnfO{ of] b]z v'Nnf xf] < clxn]
e"6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] 6«flGh6 e}/x]sf] 5
g]kfn . e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ agfP/
cd] l /sf k7fOlbG5' egL Ps
AolQmaf6 $) . %) nfv saf]n
emk]Gb|/fh a}B
ul/Psf] cj:yf 5 . kf6L{sf ;lrj,
phf{dGqL / k"ju{ x[ dGqL ;d]tn] k};f
p7fPsf] cj:yf 5 . clxn] !) –
!@ hgnfO{ lx/f;tdf /flvPsf] 5 .
t/, of] s]znfO{ @ – # kf6L{sf g]tf
ldn]/ yfd y'dkfg]{ cj:yf 5 .
u[xdGqL gf/fo0fsfhL >]i7af6 of]
ck/flws sfo{nfO{ sbflk 5f]l8g] 5}g
elgP klg clxn] ;Ggf6fn] 5fPsf]
cj:yf 5 . s] x'g] xf] eGg ;lsFbg} .
l;Ëf] kf6L{ klª\t ulDe/tfsf ;fy
kxn lng'kg]{ atfP .
pgn] lg/fzfn] c1fgtf k}bf ug]{
eGb} qmflGtsf/Lx? lg/fz x'g gx'g]
atfPsf 5g\ . a} 7 sdf s] G b| L o
;s{'n/dfly /flvPsf] ;'emfj tyf
l6Kk0fLdfly :ki6 kfb}{ Jo'/f] OGrfh{;d]t
/x]sf pgn] qmflGtsf/Lx?n] hlt ax;,
5nkmn / b[li6sf]0f;lxtsf] j:t';u+ t
ax;df ;xefuL x'G5g\ o;n] wfl/nf]
agfpg] atfP . pgn] ax;n] g} Py]:6
kl/0ffd lbg] ePsfn] lg/fz x'g'
qmflGtsf/Lsf nflu 3fts ePsf] lhls/
ub}{ eg]– …h'g kf6L{n] j:t'ut cj:yfnfO{
d"NofÍg ub}{ ax;nfO{ cfd hgtfdfem
nu]/ dl;gf]u/L j'emfp5 To;n] hgtfdf
klg ;flalt aofg lbPsf 5}gg\ .
s/f]8f}+ dfq xf]Og c/af}sf s]z cfPsf
5g\ . jfO8a8L, l+k|l6+u k|]; sf08,
## s]hL ;'g sf08 t caut} ePsf]
s'/f xf] . lxhf] dfq ;+;bdf kz'kltdf
r9fPsf] hnx/L gSsnL xf] eGg] s'/f
p7]sf] 5 . of] s'/f ;bgdf p7fpg]
xf] eg] ;bg g} rNg lbFbg} f}F eg]/
Pdfn]n] eg]sf]n] # kf6L{sf] ;xdltdf
;+;bdf hnx/Lsf] s'/f gp7fpg] /
ax;sf] /]s8{ klg l8n]6 ug]{ ;xdtL
ePsf] 5 . Pdfn]sf] kf]n vf]Ng] xf]
eg] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] klg kf]n vf]Ng
Pdfn] tof/ eP kl5 of] s'/f yfd
y'd ePsf] 5 . # kf6L{x? Ps csf{df
ufFl;Psf] cj:yf 5 . of] Joj:yf g}
sfn] sfn] ldn]/ vfpF efn] eGg] 5 .
Joj:yf t u};s]sf] 5 . htftt} 9fF6
5n a] O dfgL, 3' ; e| i 6frf/
sldzgtGq 5 . ;De| f GtnfO{
nf]stGq 5 . lakGgnfO{ k/tGq 5 .
g]tfx?n] ;lxbx?sf ;kgf a]r]/
vfPsf 5g\ . ;x/df 7"nf–7"nf dxn
agfPsf 5g\ . ;|f]t x]g]{ xf] eg] s]xL
5}g . g t k'Vof}n { ] ;DklQ 5 . gt g}
hflu/ 5 . b]z g} n"6sf] b]z ePsf]
5 . /lj nfld5fg] n ] e| i 6frf/
ug]x{ ?k|lt lgd{d x'G5' eGbf pgnfO{
lab|fx] sf] r]t hufpF5 . To;n] gofF
ofqfsf] af6f] v'Nnf u5{ . b]zsf o'jf
ljBfyL{df s]xL u/f}+ eGg] x'6x'6L t 5
t/ pgLx?df ePsf] c1fgtfsf sf/0f
lg/f;f k}bf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . /fhgLlts
;+3if{af6 1fg cfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 .
o;n] o'jfx?df cfzf hufpF5 .Ú
pgn] lg/fzf c1fgtfn] k}bf ug]{
eGb} pgn] cfˆgf] kf6L{n] xhf/f}+
ljsNksf af6fx? vf]lnlbPsf] eGb}
o;n] lg/fzfnfO{ lrb}{ hgtfdf gofF
cfzf k}bf ug]{ 7f]s'jf u/] . a}7sdf
k"jL{ tfD;lnª Ao'/f]cGtu{tsf ;a}
lhNnfsf OGrfh{ ;]qm]6/L, hgjlu{o
;+ 3 7gsf Ao' / f] ;Dof] h sx?sf]
pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . a}7sdf
g} vf/]h ul/lbP . lrtjgaf6 km]l/
pDd]bjf/ p7L cTolws dt kfPsf
x'g\ . x'g t pgL ;/sf/df uPsf
eP s] uy]{ yfxf 5}g . 7fpFg} o:t} xf]
of] . ;+;bLo ynf] eg]sf] ukmf8Lsf]
ynf] xf] eg]/ n]lgnn] To;} eg]sf
xf]Ogg\ . of] v;Lsf] 6fpsf] b]vfP/
s's'/sf] df;' lasfpg] ynf] xf]
elgG5 . s}of}+ jfdkGyL g]tfx? o;}df
8'a]sf 5g\ . ;Ssn kms]{sf 5}gg\ .
yf? k|rLg hflt xf] . of] pk]lIft
pTkLl8t 5 . s] n fnLsf] 36gf
/fhg}lts 36gf xf] . lakGgx?n]
;De|fGtnfO{ xdnf u/]sf] a'leG5 . t/,
klg of] x'g gx'g] 36gf xf] . o; 36gfsf
gfos k"j; { f+;b /]zd rf}w/L cfhLjg
sf/fuf/df /flvPsf]df cfddfkmLaf6
5'6sf/f ePsf 5g\ . o;df k|x/L /
k"jk{ x| /Lx?n] la/f]w hgPsf 5g\ . t/,
klg pk]lIft ju{ / ;d'bfon] ;af]R{ r
cbfnt / ;/sf/n] Gofo lbPsf] 5
eg]sf 5g\ . ;;bLo Joj:yf /x];Dd
hgtfn] Gofo kfpg] 5}gg\ . u0ftGq
b]vfpg] xfQLsf bfFt x'g\ . u0ftGqsf]
gfddf Aofks n"6tGq ePsf] 5 . cfh
sxLF 5 u0ftGqsf] pT;a sxLF 5
lg/fzf . ca hlt ;Sof] rfF8f] j}1flgs
;dfhjfbdf hfg'sf] ljsNk 5}g .
kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxfsf/ ;ldtL
;b:o ofbj ;L, l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf
OGrfh{ ls/0f ;L, sfe|] lhNnf OGrfh{
laGb' ;L, /fd]5fk OGrfh{ r}tGo ;L,
bf]nvf OGrfh{ ch{'g ;L, Ao'/f]sf
hgjlu{o ;+u7g OGrfh{ o'uLg ;L,
bf]nvf ;]qm]6/L /fhs'df/ ;L, sfe|]
;]qm]6/L ;'/G] b| ;L, tfdfª /fli6«o d'lQm
df]r{sf cWoIf k|]/s ;L, ls;fg
dxf;‹sf ;+of]hs s0f{ ;L, clvn
g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflGtsf/L_ ls
;Dof] h s klaqf ;L, clvn
qmflGtsf/Lsf ;+of]hs bof/fd ;L,
>lds ;d'bfo df]rf{sf ;+of]hs glag
;L, k|tfk ;L, lht ;L, l;tf/fd ;L
nufotsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] .

;ldltsf] Pstfsf] ljz]if a}7skl5
a;]sf] d]rL Ao'/f]sf] a}7sdf OGrfh{
l;+xn] cd]l/sL bnfnx? hgtfsf]
c;Gt'li6nfO{ cfk"m cg'sn ' 3'dfpg] /
g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt cfˆgf] sAhfdf lng]
v]ndf nfu]sf] atfP . g]kfndf
k|jf;L g]kfnLåf/f ‘jL/h· :d[lt
;[hgf ug{ cfˆgf bnfnx?nfO{ v6fpg
yfn]sf] atfP . pgn] eg] b]zsf]
:jfwLgtfsf] lglDt dxf;+uf| dsf] 9f]sf
vf]Ng' k5{ . ;a} hgtf b]zsf] dfdnfdf
Ps 7fpFdf cfpg] u/L kf6L{n] e"ldsf
v]Ng' kg]{ atfP .
clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ /fKtL Ao'/f]n] ‘gf] Pd;L;L, uf] Aofs cd]l/sf’ cleofg rnfpg]
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6 lhNnfx?df e]nf ÷ ;Dd]ngx? ;DkGg ug]n{ ufotsf lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf] ;+of]hsdf lbks ;LnfO{
kf6L{lgs6 cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ ug],{ ;+u7gsf ;b:ox?sf] ;b:otf o:t} cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ /fKtL lhDd]jf/L lbPsf] 5 eg] ;du| /fKtL
/fKtL Ao'/f]n] cd]l/sL x:tIf]klj?4 gljs/0f / gofF ljt/0f ug],{ ;a} cf+lus Ao'/f]sf] k|yd k"0f{ a}7sn] ;+u7g k"jL{ Ao'/f]sf] ;dGjo /fh]Gb| ;Ln] ug]{ lg0f{o
cleofg rnfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
;f]daf/ 3f]/fxLdf ;DkGg ;+u7gsf]
SofDk;x?df OsfO ;Dd]ng ug],{ ;a} bfªsf] ;+of]hsdf lbks ;L, klZrd ePsf] ;+u7gn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo

k':tsfno’ nfO{ k':ts k|bfg /fKtL Ao'/f]sf] k|yd k"0f{ a}7sn]

sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{lgs6 ef/tdf /x]sf k|jf;L
g]kfnLx¿sf] ;Ë7g …k|jf;L g]kfnL
hg;dfh ef/tn] jL/hË :d[lt
k':tsfnonfO{ ! ;o ( yfg k':ts
tyf k'l:tsf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL
?k}ofF #@ xhf/ d"No a/fa/sf] tL
k':tsx? g]tf cfhfb ;]gn] slknj:t',
lzj/fhl:yt k':tsfnosf] sfof{nodf
k':tsfnosf cWoIf clgn ;L nfO{
k|bfg u/]sf x'g .
k| b fg ul/Psf lstfax?df
g]kfnL, lxGbL, ef]hk'/L / c+u|]hL
efiffdf n]lvPsf k':tsx? /x]sf
5g\ . tL k':tsx? z'qmaf/ Ps
sfo{qmdaLr x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof]
eg] k| f Kt k' : tsx¿ u| x 0f ub} {
k':tsfnosf cWoIf clgn ;Ln]
;xof]usf nflu ;Ë7g, / ef/tLo
e" l ddf /x] s f g] k fnL bfh' e fO,
lbbLalxgLx?nfO{ ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6
wGofjfb lbPsf lyP .
cd]l/sL x:tIf]klj?4 k|rf/fTds
cleofg rnfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] .
;b:o tyf /fKtL
Ao'/f] OGrfh{ ;ljg
;Lsf] k| d ' v
a}7sn] /fi6«3ftL Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf cfltYodf a;]sf]
lj?4 …gf] Pd;L;LÚ …uf] Aofs a}7sdf cg]/f:jljo'
cd]l/sfÚ cleofg rnfpg] lg0f{o -qmflGtsf/L_sf
u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . ;+u7gn] /fKtL s]Gb|Lo cWoIf k|sfz
Ao'/f] cGtu{tsf ;a} lhNnfx?df …gf] ;L, pkfWoIf g/]Gb| ;L,
Pd;L;LÚ …uf] Aofs cd]l/sfÚ gf/fx? g]skfsf k"jL{ bfªsf
jflnª u/]/ k|rf/fTds la/f]wsf ;lrj hgs ;Lsf]
sfo{qmdx?dfkm{t\ cd]l/sL x:tIf]ksf] lhNnfx?df ;+u7gnfO{ cfTdlge{/ bfªsf] ;+of]hsdf gjLg ;L, ?s'd cfltYo /x]sf] lyof] . a}7ssf] ;+rfng
la/f]w ug]{ atfPsf] 5 . agfpg clgjfo{ pTkfbg sfo{df k"j÷{ klZrdsf] ;+of]hsdf wg' ;L, /f]Nkf ;+u7gsf lgjt{dfg Ao'/f] OGrfh{ x/L
o:t} a}7sn] Ao'/f] cGtu{tsf ;a} ;xefuL aGg], a[Iff/f]k0f sfo{qmd lhNnfsf] ;+of]hsdf x/L ;L, ;Nofg ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
 @)*) ;fn h]7 @! ut] cfOtaf/
a[xt\ ;dfhjfbL lzlj/ lgdf{0fsf] ax;
Uft j} z fv ( ut] g] k fnsf
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
:yfkgf lbj;sf] &% cf}+ jif{ufF7
dgfPsf] 5 . of] ca;/df sDo'lgi6
kf6L{x?n] cf—cfˆgf] ;fk]Iftfdf
cGt/lqmof, uf]i7L, e]nf, cfGbf]ngsf]
rrf{ k l/rrf{ , v' n fd~rdf
hgk|bz{g;lxt cfd;ef / v'nf
ax;, kf6L{ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/df
z' e sfdgf cfbfgk| b fgh:tf
sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg u/] . h]xf];\
@))^ ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] g]kfn
sfhL ;L
;+;bLo Joj:yfn] cl:y/tf k}bf u/]sf],
cl:y/tfn] clgoldttf hGdfPsf],
clgoldttfn] c/fhstf ;[hgf u/]sf],
c/fhstfn] /fHo ;+oGq / clVtof/Lsf]
b'?kof]u ePsf] h;n] ubf{ cfhsf]
8/nfUbf] g]kfnsf] lrq b]vf k/]sf]
jf:tljstf xfd|f] ;fd' 5 . To;}n] alnof]
/fhgLlts w|l' js/0f t cfhsf] cfjZostf
g} xf] . cfjZostfn] gofFgofF k|of]u /
cg';Gwfgx?sf] dfu ub{5 . xf], o;}
;fj{ef}d dfGotfcg';f/ ljlelht dgf]lj1fgn] u|l;t g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 /fhgLltdf ;a}
lttfld7f cg'ejx?nfO{ Ps 7fpFdf /fv]/ a[xt Pstf / ;xsfosf]{ gofF k|of]u
ug{k' b{5 . o;f] ubf{ cl;sf] bzsnfO{ Pstf / ;dfhjfbL cleofgsf] bzs agfpg
;Dej 5 . ca ljleGg sf]0faf6 k|xf/ eO/x]sf] g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf
k'gMhfu/0fsf] nflu dxfg ax;sf] yfngLsf] h?/L ePsf] 5 . t;y{, cfGbf]ngsf]
;ldIff ug{] lhDdf Oltxf;nfO{ ;'Dk]/ pDsg] xf]Og ls jt{dfgdf g} ulx/f] ;+sNk /
dxfg c7f]6 ;lxt gofF cfwf/df gofF Pstf sfod u/L :yfoL zflGt, ljsf; /
;d[l4sf] nflu alnof] ;dfhjfbL lzlj/sf] lgdf{0fsf] ljsNk 5}g .
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] ljleGGf cf/]fx–
cj/f]xsf aLr &$ jif{ kf/ u/]sf]
5 . rf/ hgfn] u7g u/]sf] kf6L{sf]
k|efj / cfsf/nfO{ &$ jif{ kl5
cfhsf] lbgdf x]g{] xf] eg] o;sf]
nf]slk|otf 7"nf] hgdt;lxt nf]e
nfUbf] g} 5 . t/, sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?
7" n f] ;ª\ V ofdf ljleGGf wf/fdf
ljeflht eP/ cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\
eg] ;a} kf6L{sf cf–cfˆg} b[li6sf]0f
/ cg'ejx? Kflg 5g\ .
of] cjlwdf 7"nf7"nf ;z:q ju{
;ª\3if{, zflGtk"0f{ ;xsfo{ / ;ª\3if{,
Pstf / k|lt:kwf{ h:tf ;ª\3if{sf
tl/sfx? sDo'lgi6x?n] k|of]u ub{}
cfO/x]sf 5g\ . ljrf/df, sfo{gLlt
/ sfo{lbzfdf, g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ a'‰g]
;jfndf / ljZj kl/j]znfO{ a'‰g]
;Gbe{ d f cem} k lg kf6L{ x ?aLr
dt}Sotf 5}g t/ of] s'/f ;To xf] ls
cfhsf] ;dfh ?kfGt/0fsf] ;Gbe{df
cyjf jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;ª\s6sf]
cu| u fdL lgsf;df ;a}
sDo'lgi6x?sf] dt Ps 7fpFdf 5 .
;a} kf6L{x?sf dxflwj]zgaf6 kfl/t
/fhgLlts k|ltj]bgx?n] klg g]kfnL
;dfhnfO{ ;dfhjfblt/ n}hfg' kb{5
eGg] dfGotf /fv]sf] 5 . bnfn
k' F h Ljfbsf] ljsNk
;dfhjfb÷j}1flgs ;dfhjfb g} xf]
eGg] ljifodf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?
aLrdf 7"n} dte]b b]lvb}g . t/ km]l/
klg sDo'lgi6x? lsg Ps} 7fpFdf
c6fpg ;Sb}g eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkm
lbg] lhDdf eg] kf6L{x?n] Oltxf;nfO{
g} ;'Dkb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ .
cfhsf] g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] oyfy{
w/ftn s] xf] eg] sDo'lgi6 hgdt
em08} b'Ol{ txfO{ glhs 5, g]kfnL df6f]
sDo'lgi6do 5, hgtfn] kf6L{ /
g]tfnfO{ sDo'lgi6 ePsf] x]g{ rfxfG5
t/ kl/0ffdn] cs{l} t/ 8f]xf]¥ofO/x]sf]
5 . of] cjlwdf sDo'lgi6n] @)%!
;fndf ( dlxgf / @)&$ b]lv
@)&& ;Dd u/L hDdfhDdL $ jif{
Psdgf ;/sf/ rnfPsf] 5 eg]
k6sk6s u7aGwg ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j
u/]sf] 5 . ;+;bdf sDo'lgi6x? 7"nf]
zlQm x'bF } ax'dtdfq xf]Og b'O{ ltxfO{
ax' d t;Dd k' U g] , ;8sdf
sDo'lgi6x? g} x'g] t/ ;Qf cfˆgf]
gx'g], of] g} g]kfnL sDo'lgi6x?sf]
la8Dagf ag] s f] 5 . 6' 6 km' 6 /
ljefhgsf] z[ ª vnfn] el/Psf]
sDo' l gi6 Oltxf;nfO{ Pstf /
?kfGt/0fn] lj:yflkt ug{' g} cfhsf]
k|d'v r'gf}lt ag]sf] 5 . lsgls
sDo'lgi6x? hlt ;lhnf];uF ljeflht
x'g] u/]sf] 5 Tolt ;lhnf];Fu Pstf
x'g ;s]sf]] 5}g . t/ cfh g]kfnsf]
kl/l:ylt o;/L km]l/Psf] 5 ls
kZrufdL zlQmx? lrxfgaf6 hfUg
vf]Hb}5g\, blIf0fkGyL zlQmx? gofFgofF
sn]a/df :yflkt xF'b}5g\ eg] of]
kl/:yltdf sDo' l gi6x?n] gofF
;xsfo{sf] 9f]sf gvf]Ng] xf] eg]
jftfj/0f la:tf/} k| l ts' n aGb}
hfg]5, hgtfsf] lg/fzfn] ;Ldf
gf3\ g ] 5 , sDo' l gi6x?sf] 3/
emu8fnfO{ k|of]u u/]/ bnfn k'h F LjfbL
zlQmx?n] zf;g ul//xg]5g\ .
ljleGg wf/fdf ljeflht ePklg
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n] cf—cfˆg} ;ª\u7g
lgdf{0f u/]/ sDo'lgi6 hgdtnfO{
alnof] agfpg]df eg] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf
lgjf{x ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] pNn]Vo
sDo'lgi6 dgf]lj1fgnfO{ s]Gb|Lt ug{
dfq ;Sg] xf] klg /IffTds cj:yfdf
/x]sf] ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngnfO{
g]kfnaf6 gofF ;Gb]z lbg ;lsG5 .
g]kfnnfO{ ;fdflhs Gofo ;lxt
:yfoL zflGt, ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf]
lbzfdf tLa|tfdf n}hfg ;lsG5 .
:yfkgf sfnb] l v eGb} cfPsf]
;fd| f HojfbL zlQmsf] /fli6« o
:jfwLgtf dflysf] x:tIf] k /
gf]s/zfxL bnfn k'h F LjfbLsf] bf;Tj
/ PstkmL{ zf;sLo dgf]j[lQnfO{
k/f:t ug{ ;lsG5 .
cfh g} /ftf/ft sDo' l gi6
kf6L{x?aLr Pstf e}xfN5 / alnof]
sDo'lgi6 s]Gb|sf] lgdf{0f x'G5 eGg]
s'/f tTsfn ;Dej gxf]nf t/ of]
cj:oDefjL ljifo xf] . lsgls ;a}
kf6L{ x ?n] cGt/f{ l i6« o sDo' l gi6
cfGbf]ngaf6 / cfˆgf] P]ltxfl;s
cg'ejx?af6 lzIff lng'sf] ljsNk
5}g . ljleGg eª\ufnf]df /x]sf
jfdklGy sDo'lgi6x?nfO{ tTsfn
Pstfsf] ;' q df afF W g] eg] s f]
;dfhjfbsf] gf/fn] xf] . ;dfhjfb
oflb ;a}n] eGg' g} 5 eg] kf6L{ cf—
cfˆg} rnfPklg ;dfhjfb k|flKtsf]
nflu ;' ; + u l7t / alnof] gofF
;ª\3if{sf] df]rf{ lsg gvf]Ng] < Tof]
;+o'Qm df]rf{ eg]sf] gofF ;dfhjfbL
lzlj/sf] lgdf{ 0 f xf] . ;a}
;dfhjfbLx?sf] ;femf rf}tf/L xf] .
lsgls PSnfPSn} bf}8]/ ;dfhjfbL
uGtJodf k'Ug g;lsg] tYo cg'el;4
aGg k'u]sf] 5 .
clxn] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf jt{dfg
;Qf ;ª\s6nfO{ ;dfwfg lbgsf] nflu
kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;dfhjfbL df]rf{
lgdf{0fsf] ax; x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . /
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ;dy{sx?df of]
ljZjf; k} b f ug{ h?/L 5 ls
;dfhjfbL kf6L{ / sDo' l gi6
kf6L{ x ?sf] ;femf d~r h;n]
;dfhjfb k|flKtsf] nflu j}rfl/s
/fhgLlts ;ª\3if{ ug]5 { . kf6L{x?sf]
cf—cfˆg} ;+u7g / kl/rfngsf] d"No
dfGotf t 5b}5 F / klg ;femf df]rf{åf/f
gofF ;xsfo{ ; lxt k| u ltzLn
zlQmx?nfO{ Ps 7fpFdf v8f ug{]5
/ g] k fnnfO{ s:tf] ;dfhjfb
rflxPsf] xf] ;fy{s ax; ub{} b]znfO{
;a} vfn] ;ª\s6af6 d'Qm ug{] lbzfdf
cufl8 a9fpg]5 .
Pp6f alnof] ;dfhjfbL lzlj/
dfq lgdf{0f u/]/ g]tf / kf6L{x?
hgtflt/ kms{g] xf] eg] g]kfnL
e'uf]ndf ;dfhjfbL em08f kmx/fpg
s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g . x/ If]qdf ;a}
k|sf/sf k|lt:kwf{åf/f g} bnfn
k'h
F LjfbL zlQmdfly ljho xfFl;n ug{
;lsG5 . jt{dfg ;dfhjfbL df]rf{sf]
ax;n] hgtfdf Pp6f ;sf/fTds
cfzf / ;Gb]z k|jfx cjZo u/]sf]
5 . 5nkmn ax;n] kl/0ffd lbg s]xL
;do t h?/ lnG5 t/ of] zlQmn]
g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf k'g{
Mhfu/0f Nofpg] tfst /fVg'kb{5 .
Gf]kfnL sDo'lgi6 g]tfx?n] ?;,
;f]leot ;+3, rLg, sf]l/of, So'jf,
leotgfd / nfcf];x?nfO{ /fd|f];Fu
k9]sf 5g\ / k]?, lrnL, sf]Daf]l8of,
OG8f]gl] ;of / ef/tnfO{ klg /fd|f; ] uF
cWoog u/]sf 5g\ / g]kfnnfO{ k9]sf
dfq xf]Og glhsaf6 cg'ej g} u/]sf
5g\ . oL ;a} cg'ej / 1fgx?nfO{
;lx ;+Zn]if0f ug]{ ;do cfPsf] 5 .
of] ;+Zn]if0fnfO{ ljrf/df / ljrf/nfO{
k|of]uåf/f k'li6 ug{k' g{] ;do cfPsf]
5 . olt sfd sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x?n]
ug{ ;Sof] eg] ;dfhjfbsf] ofqf w]/}
6f9f x'g5 ] g} Au: .
o;sf nflu ca ax;x?nfO{
cl;lhnf] / k'jf{uf| xL agfP/ xf]Og ls
:j:y / b"/L sd ug{] z}nLaf6 ;~rfng
ug{'kb{5 . kf6L{ lgdf{0f / ;+u7g
kl/rfngsf] k[i7e"ld / cg'ejx?df
ljljwtf kSs} 5g\ t/ ;dfhjfbsf]
ofqf ;Fu} ug{kg{] 5 . t;y{ TfTsfnsf
nflu ;femf wf/0ff / Go'gtd ;femf
sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . g]kfnsf]
ljlzi6tfsf] ;dfhjfb s:tf] x'g,]
df]rf{sf] ;+/rgf s:tf] x'g,] g]tT[ j k|0ffnL
s:tf] x'g,] Go'gtd nIo / clwstd
nIo s] x'g,] ;xsfo{ / k|lt:kwf{nfO{
s;/L x]g,{ df]rf{nfO{ sfo{gLlts agfpg]
ls /0fgLlts agfpg] < pQ/flwsf/L
lgdf{0fsf] k|ZgnfO{ s;/L xn ug{] <
h:tf ljifox?nfO{ Jojl:yt ljlwåf/f
6'ªU\ ofpg' kb{5 .
;dfhjfbL df]rf{ lgdf{0f k|lqmofn]
cu|ufdL k|ultzLn zlQmx?sf] gofF
w|'jLs/0f t u5{ g} o;n] g]kfnL
/fhgLltaf6 jfSs lbSs ePsf
gful/s / o' j f k' : tfdf klg
;sf/fTds ;f]r / cf;fsf] ;~rf/
‘j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] ljsNk 5}g’
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{ s f dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln]
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] ljsNk gePsf]
7f]s'jf u/]sf 5g\ . g]skf dWo
s0ff{nL Ao"/f]n] d+unaf/ ;'v]{tdf
cfof]hgf u/]sf] /fhgLlts k|lzIf0f
sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ dxf;lrj
ljKnj ;L n] ;f] 7f]s'jf u/]sf x'g\ .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] clxn]sf]
;+s6sf] lgsf; j}1flgs ;dfhjfb
eGbf cGo s'g} ljsNk gePsf] pNn]v
ub}{ sltko dfG5]x¿n] clxn]sf]
;+ s 6sf] lgsf; Joj:yf geP/
cj:yf ePsf] eg]/ 5l//x]sf] e|d
k|lt ;r]t x'g cfu|x u/] . pgn]
cj:yf eGbf klxn] Joj:yf abNg
h?/L ePsf] pNn]v ub}{ eg]– æg]kfn
;+s6 / cK7\of/f]df 5 . g]kfnsf]
lgsf; ;dfhjfb xf] . ;+ s 6
Joj:yfsf] xf] . Joj:yf km] g ] {
cleofgdf nfUg'k5{ clg cj:yf km]g{]
lt/ hfg'k5{ .Æ
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] xfn}
ltgj6f sDo'lg:6 kf6L{aLr ePsf]
Pstf sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] gofF
cWofo ePsf] rrf{ ub}{ Odfgbf/,
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6x¿ j}1flgs
;dfhjfb Nofpg] p2]Zo /fv]/ lgzt{
¿kdf Ps x'gs ' f] ljsNk gePsf]
atfP . pgn] ;fd|fHojfbn] sDo'lg:6
ug]5 { . nfdf] ;dob]lv 6'6s ] f sl8 /
efFlrPsf efjgfx?nfO{ hf]8g\ ] sfd
ug]5 { . ljrf/ ljsf;sf] z[ªv \ nf /
;xsfo{sf] gofF cWofosf] k|f/De ug{5
eg] /fhgLlts j[Qdf eO/x]sf] jt{dfg
ax;nfO{ csf{] prfO{df k'¥ofpg]5 .
;dfhjfbL df]rf{sf] u7gn] ;dfhjfb
k|flKtsf] cfGbf]ngdf gofF k|f0f eg{] 5 .
;dfhjfbL lzlj/sf] lgdf{ 0 f
jt{dfg Joltly, cl:y/tf / c/fhstf
tyf ;Qf ;ª\s6af6 b]znfO{ kf/
nufpg] p2]Zo ;lxt df}hb' f Joj:yf
eGbf pQd k|0ffnL lgdf{0fsf] nflu
ePsfn] of] s;}sf] lj?4, k|ltzf]w /
k"jf{ux| k"0f{ x'g' x'bF g} . Go'gtd ;dfhjfbL
d"No dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;fy ug{] s'g}
klg /fhgLlts zlQnfO{ s:tf]
;dfhjfb lgdf{0f ug{] eGg] ax;af6
cnu u/fOg' x'bF g} . g]kfnL sfª\u;
eGb} cfPsf] k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfb
oxL xf] ls csf{] s'g} :j?ksf] x'G5 <
To;df klg ax; ul/g' kb{5 .
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx?nfO{ alnof] /
lj:jfl;nf] gagfO{ ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf
gcfpg] ePsfn] ;dfhjfbsf] lglDt
;fj{hlgs ax;sf] cfXjfg ul/g'kb{5 .
;fj{hlgs ax;x?nfO{ ;a} pknAw
k| l jlwx?sf] k| o f] u u/] / , hgtf
:jPd\nfO{ ax;df ;xeflu u/fP/
x/]ssf] dgdgdf k'¥ofpg' kb{5 / ;a}
hgtfnfO{ ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngdf
cfˆgf] klg ckgTj ePsf] dx;';
u/fpg' kb{5 . /fHo ;+oGqx?df, gLlt
lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf, ;+/rgfdf, ;fj{hlgs
l;Wofpg] of]hgf cg';f/ cfˆgf gofF
bnfnx¿ hGdfP/ sDo'lg:6sf lj¿å
k|of]u ul//x]sf] v'nf;f ub}{ eg]–
ækl5Nnf] :jtGq kf6L{sf] gfddf
/ljsf] pbo, uug yfkfsf]
v'Nndv'Nnf ;fd|fHojfbsf] rfs8L
g]kfnsf] nflu vt/gfs 5 .Æ
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln]
;fd|fHojfbn] /ljnfO{ g]kfndf csf]{
h]nG] :sL agfpg] ;Defjgf ;d]t /x]sf]
cfz+sf JoQm ub}{ eg]– …clxn]sf]
;+s6sf] jf:tljs lgsf; g]kfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / j}1flgs ;dfhjfb
dfq} x'g;S5 .Ú
pQm sfo{qmddf dxf;lrj ljKnj
;Ln] PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] sfo{ef/ k'/f
ug{ pTkfbg;Fu hf]l8Psf] g]tf, sfo{stf{
/ kf6L{ agfpg' kg]d{ f hf]8 lbFb} hgtfsf
;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ / hgtf ;Fu ulx/f]
;DaGw hf] l 8Psf] kf6L{ agfpg
lgb]z
{ g;d]t lbPsf lyP .
;f]xL sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf :yfoL ;ldlt
;b:o e/t ;Ln] clxn]sf] cfjZostf
k'/fgf] bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yf abNg'
/x]sf] atfP . pgn] b]zdf b]lvPsf]
clxn] s f] ;+ s 6 k' / fgf] ;Qfsf]
c;kmntfsf] kl/0ffd ePsf] bfjL
u/] . sDo'lg:6x¿ slxNo} klg bnfn
k'h
F Lklt ju{sf] k|ltlglw x'g g;Sg]
3
k|zf;gdf /x]sf cfd /fi6«;j] sx?df
/ g]tT[ jstf{x?df ;a} If]qsf hgtfn]
cfˆgf] cg'xf/ k|i6 emNs]sf] b]Vg ;Sg]
] u/L ljrf/ ljdz{ s f] bfo/fnfO{
km/flsnf] agfpg' kb{5 .
;+;bLo Joj:yfn] cl:y/tf k}bf
u/] s f] , cl:y/tfn] clgoldttf
hGdfPsf], clgoldttfn] c/fhstf
;[hgf u/]sf], c/fhstfn] /fHo ;+oGq
/ clVtof/Lsf] b'?kof]u ePsf] h;n]
ubf{ cfhsf] 8/nfUbf] g]kfnsf] lrq
b]vf k/]sf] jf:tljstf xfd|f] ;fd' 5 .
To;}n] alnof] /fhgLlts w|l' js/0f t
cfhsf] cfjZostf g} xf] .
cfjZostfn] gofF g ofF k| o f] u /
cg';Gwfgx?sf] dfu ub{5 . xf], o;}
;fj{ef}d dfGotfcg';f/ ljlelht
dgf]lj1fgn] u|l;t g]kfnL sDo'lgi6
]| n] /fhgLltdf ;a} lttfld7f
cg'ejx?nfO{ Ps 7fpFdf /fv]/ a[xt
Pstf / ;xsfosf]{ gofF k|of]u
ug{k' b{5 . o;f] ubf{ cl;sf] bzsnfO{
Pstf / ;dfhjfbL cleofgsf] bzs
agfpg ;Dej 5 . ca ljleGg
sf]0faf6 k|xf/ eO/x]sf] g]kfnL sDo'lgi6
cfGbf]ngdf k'gMhfu/0fsf] nflu dxfg
ax;sf] yfngLsf] h?/L ePsf] 5 .
t;y{, cfGbf]ngsf] ;ldIff ug{] lhDdf
Oltxf;nfO{ ;'Dk]/ pDsg] xf]Og ls
jt{dfgdf g} ulx/f] ;+sNk / dxfg
c7f]6 ;lxt gofF cfwf/df gofF Pstf
' sfod u/L :yfoL zflGt, ljsf; /
;d[l4sf] nflu alnof] ;dfhjfbL
lzlj/sf] lgdf{0fsf] ljsNk 5}g .
eGb} g] t f e/t ;Ln] j} 1 flgs
;dfhjfb sDo'lg:6x¿sf] d'Vo nIo
ePsf] wf/0f /fv] . pgn] sDo'lg:6x¿
6'6km'6 eP/ xf]Og j[xt\ ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{ agfP/ cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ ts{
ub}{ eg]– æsDo'lg:6 Joj:yf ;a}eGbf
pTs[i6 Joj:yf xf], ;+;f/sf ;j{>i] 7
dfG5] klg sDo'lg:6 x'g .Æ
pgn] g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6 hgdtnfO{
ljefhg ug{ ;fd|fHojfbn] gofF kfqsf]
¿kdf /lj / uug h:tf JolQmnfO{
cl3 ;f/]sf] eGb} sDo'lg:6x¿n] ;dod}
;r]t x'gk' g]{ atfP .
o:t} g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf
s0ff{nL d'lQmdf]rf{sf ;+of]hs lj/f6
;Ln] cu|ufdL ljrf/sf] kxnsbdL
g]skfn] lnO/x]sf] / cem} o;nfO{ hf/L
/fVg'kg]{ atfP . pgn] cu|ufdL
ljrf/ eg]sf] j}1flgs ;dfhjfb xf],
clxn]sf] ;+s6sf] lgsf; klg j}1flgs
;dfhjfbn] lbg ;Sg] wf/0ff /fv] .
sfo{ q mddf g] s kfsf s] G b| L o
;b:o ;'lbk ;Ln] ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
clwgfosTj ;lxtsf] /fHoJoj:yf
clxn]sf] ;+s6sf] lgsf; ePsf]
atfPsf lyP .
dWos0ff{nL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ ljj]s
;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] pQm
sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng sflnsf]6 lhNnf
OGrfh{ anjfg\ ;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
 4 @)*) ;fn h]7 @! ut] cfOtaf/
oftfoft Joj;foLsf] n'6sf] wGbf ;/sf/sf] ;DklQ %^ ca{ a9\of] Û
ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv oftfoft
Joj;foLsf] n'6sf] wGbf rNb} cfPsf]
5 . oftfoft Joj;foLx?n] o;/L ;a}nfO{
em'SsfP/ 7u]sL s;}n] kQf] g} kfpg
;s]gg\ . rfx] Tof] ;~rf/dfWod xf];\ rfx]
;/sf/ pgLx?n] ;a}nfO{ e'ªu\ f| d] f /fv] .
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ t oftfoft Joj;foLn]
lbFp;} /ft kfl/lbPsf 5g\ . @)#)
;fnb]lv @)*) ;fn;Dd cfOk'Ubf klg
Pp6} Joj;foLsf] /huh rn]sf] 5 .
ljut %) jif{bl] v Pp6} Joj;foLn]
Joj;fo ul//x]sf 5g\ .
;/sf/n] @) jif{ gf3]sf ;fj{hlgs
oftfoftsf] :q\mofa u/]sf] gDa/ Kn]6df
gofF uf8L lsg]/ btf{ ug{ lbG5 . o;f]
ubf{ Pp6} Joj;foLn] &) jif{ Joj;foL
u5{g\ . &) jif{df hg;+Vof sxFfaf6
sxFf k'lu;S5 . t/, ef8fsf] uf8Lsf]
;+Vof a9\bg} . g l;l08s]6 g} x6\g
;s]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] oftfoft If]q
;'wf/nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ tLgj6f lg0f{o
ug{ ;s]sf] eP, hgtf / /fi6«nfO{ kmfObf
x'GYof] . Pp6fM aL; jif{ k'us ] f uf8Lsf]
btf{ gDa/ / /f]8 k/ld6 vf/]h ug]{ /
To;sf] :q\mofa u/]sf] gDa/ Kn]6df
gofF uf8L btf{ ug{ glbg] .
bf];f| M] oftfoft If]qdf cem} klg
l;l08s]6 sfod 5 . oftfoft If]q
l;l08s]6do ePsf] $! jif{ lalt;s]sf]
5 . xl/of] Kn]6 / sfnf] Kn]6sf] 6\ofS;L,
ld6/jfnf 6]Dkf], a;, 9'jfgL uf8Lnufot
;Dk"0f{ oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] btf{ vf]lnlbg]
xf] eg] oftfoft If]qdf ;'wf/ ;Dej 5 .
t];f| M] @)$( ;fnb]lv oftfoft Joj;foLn]
ltg{k' g]{ !% j6f rLhdf /fh:j a9]sf]
5}g\ . #@ jif{cufl8s} /fh:j b/df
oftfoft If]q rln/x]sf] 5 . t/, ofq'n]
ltg{k' g]{ ef8frfFlx #) cf}+ u'0ff a9\of] .
oftfoft Joj;foLn] s;/L /fHo /
hgtfnfO{ n'l6/x]sf 5g\ eGg] t oxLaf6
k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 . hfFrkf;, k|bi' f0f,
/f]8 k/ld6, gfd;f/L, k~hLs/0f,
lana's gjLs/0f, c~rnLs/0f, k6s],
/+u kl/jt{g, :q\mofa ubf{ lng'kg]{ /fh:j
a9]sf] 5}g\ . To:t}, ;/sf/n] tf]ss ] f]eGbf
a9L ef8f lng]nfO{ sf/afxL ubf{ lng'kg]{
/fh:j, 6\ofS;Lsf] dL6/ h8fg ubf{ /
gjLs/0f ubf{ lng] /fh:j, h]af| qm;df
uf8L g/f]s]afkt lng'kg]{ /fh:j,
gu/kflnsfn] oftfoftaf6 lng'kg]{ s/
klg a9]sf] 5}g\ .
;/sf/n] lghL Kn]6sf uf8Ldf
cem}klg @) jif]{ gLlt nfu' ug{ ;s]sf]
5}g\ . b'O{ kfª\u]| / rf/ kfª\u]| b'jn} fO{
3/]n' / sDkgLdf nu]/ btf{ ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg'k5{ . /fHon] lghL Kn]6sf
uf8Laf6 ;'sf] klg s/ kfpFbg} \ . lghL
Kn]6sf] cfo' tf]Sg g;Sbf 6«flkms hfd
/ k|bi" f0f x\jfQ} a9]sf] 5 . 3/ eTsfP/
af6f] agfpg'kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf eO;s]sf]
5 . @)&) ;fndf oftfoft dGqfnon]
;fj{hlgs / lghL Kn]6s} uf8Lsf] rNg]
cjlw oftfoft sfof{nosf] 9•fdf n]Vg]
lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] .
Uff8L btf{ x'g] a]nfd} 98\8fdf n]Vg]
dGqfnosf] Tof] lg0f{o oftfoft
Joj;foLsf] bafasf sf/0f b/fhdf
ylGsof] . sfof{Gjogdf cfpg ;s]g\ .
@)#) ;fndf Ps nfv ?k}ofFdf hd{gL
ldlga; lsg] / Joj;foLx?n]
;~rfngdf NofP . Tolta]nf #% ;o
hd{gL a; oftfoft sfof{nodf btf{
ePsf] lyof] . @)#)–@)%* ;fn;Dd
cfkm}n + ] rnfP/ jf ef8fdf nufP/ tLg
s/f] 8 ?k} o fF e Gbf a9L sdfP .
Tolta]nfsf] ;/sf/n] afudtLaf6 @)
jif]{ uf8L x6fpg] lg0f{o u¥of] .
;f] uf8L n'lDagL / u08sLafx]s
;fljssf] cGo c~rndf nu]/ btf{ ug{
lbg] elgof] . afudtLsf] gDa/ Kn]6df
eG;f/ / Eof6 5'6df a; lsg]/ btf{
ug{ lbg] lg0f{o Tolta]nfsf] ;/sf/n]
u¥of] . eG;f/ / Eof6 ltbf{ $) nfv
?k}ofF kg]{ uf8L @) nfvdf cfof] . @)%*
;fndf NofPsf] uf8L ;~rfng ePsf]
klg @@ jif{ lalt;Sof] . uf8L wgLn]
cfkm}n+ ] rnfP/ jf ef8fdf nufP/ s/f]8f}+
sdfO;s]sf 5g\ . @@ jif{ k'lu;s]sf]
uf8L lj:yfkg ug]{ clg To;s} :s|ofa
u/]sf] gDa/ Kn]6df gofF uf8L btf{ ug]{ .
oftfoft Joj;foLsf] /0fgLlt t x]/,
ca ToxL :s|ofa u/]sf] gDa/ Kn]6df
gofF uf8L lsg]/ btf{ u5{g\ . csf]{ @)
jif{ klg ltg}n] Joj;foL ug]{ eP . o;sf]
kmfObf ;Lldt oftfoft Joj;foLnfO{
ePsf] 5 . t/, /fHo / hgtf t dsf{df
k/] . oftfoft If]qdf ePsf] l;l08s]6
x6fpg} g;Sg] cj:yf alg;s]sf] 5 .
/fHo sdhf]/ aGb} uPsf] 5, Joj;foL
alnof] . uf8L sd x'bF f ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{
lgs} ;f:tL 5 . 9f]s;} Dd em'l08P/ ofqf
ug{k' g]{ afWotf sfod} 5 .
hlt eGof] Tolt ef8f ofq'n] lt/]sf
5g\ . t/, ;]jf;'ljwf vf]O < oftfoft
If]qsf bnfn Joj;foLsf sf/0f gofF uf8L
lelqg kfPg\ . b]zd} /f]huf/L u/]/ vfG5'
eGg]x? klg ;Lldt bnfn Joj;foLsf
sf/0f jl~rt ePsf 5g\ . af6f] /fHosf]
xf], hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/af6 lgdf{0f ePsf]
5 . t/, Tof] af6f]df /hfOF rn]sf] 5
oftfoft Joj;foLh:tf bnfnx?sf] . k};f
ltl/kl5 5fGg kfOG5, /f]Hg kfOG5 .
t/, oftfoft If]qdf Tof] clwsf/
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ 5}g\ .
;Lldt yf]qf uf8L rn]sf 5g\, s]
sf] 5fGg' < @)$# ;fndf l8h]naf6
rNg] ^^! Jf6f ljs|d 6]Dkf] btf{ eof] .
Tolta]n} dL6/hl8t, sfnf] x'6jfnf !&
;o 6'–:6s 6]Dkf] btf{ eof] . b'O{ xhf/
k]6f« n] af6 rNg] So'jfnf 6]Dkf] btf{ eof] .
sfnLdf6Ldf ;fdfg af]Sg] #%) j6f 9'jfgL
6]Dkf] btf{ eof] . @)%! ;fndf *))
j6f UofF; 6]Dkf] btf{ eof], Tof] klg k"/}
eG;f/ / Eof6 5'6df . @)$* ;fndf
;/sf/n] eG;f/ / Eof6 5'6df b'O{ xhf/
6\ofS;Lsf] btf{ vf]Nof] .
Rff/ nfv kg]{ 6\ofS;L Joj;foLn] b'O{
nfvdf vl/b u/] . @)%) ;fndf
Po/kf]6d{ f @)& j6f 6\ofS;L klg eG;f/
/ Eof6 5'6df btf{ ug{ lbof] .
c6f]zf]?d;Fu Ps nfvdf lsg]sf]
uf8LnfO{ xl/of] Kn]6df btf{ u/]/
Po/kf]6d { f ;~rfng ul/Psf] xf] .
@)%)–@)&) ;fn;Dd Tof] xl/of] Kn]6sf]
uf8Ln] s/f]8eGbf a9L sdfof] . @)&)
;fndf ;/sf/n] To; uf8Lsf] gDa/
Kn]6df gofF uf8L lsg]/ btf{ ug{ lbof] .
ToxFf gofF Joj;foL cfpg kfPg\ . clxn]
klg @)& j6} 6\ofS;L Po/kf]6d { f
;~rflnt 5 .
g gofF 6\ o fS;L ylkof] g
Joj;foL . Pp6} JolStn] clxn] klg
Po/kf]6{df Joj;fo ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
Po/kf]6d{ f rNg] 6\ofS;Lsf] dL6/ 5}g\ .
ToxfF dgnfUbL ef8f p7fpg] s|d hf/L
g} 5 . @)$* ;fndf b'O{ nfvdf
lsg]sf] sfnf] Kn]6sf] dL6/jfnf
6\ofS;Ln] clxn];Dd slt sdfof] <
Joj;foLn] cfkm}n + ] rnfP/ jf ef8fdf
nufP/ b'O{ s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9L
sdfO;s] s f] 5 . @)$*–@)&@
;fn;Dd ;f] 6\ofS;L rNof] . km]l/klg
To;sf] :s|ofa u/]sf] gDa/ Kn]6df
gofF uf8L lsg]/ btf{ ul/of] .
oxFf klg gofF Joj;foL cfpg kfPg\,
Psflwsf/sf] hh{/ /lx/x\of] . 6\ofS;Ldf
cfh klg Pp6} Joj;foLn] l;l08s]6
nufO/fv]sf 5g\ . @)%! ;fndf 8]9
nfvdf UofF; 6]Dkf] lsg]/ ;~rfngdf
NofOof] . UofF; 6]Dkf]sf] btf{ ePsf] @(
jif{ eO;s]sf] 5 . 8]9 nfvdf lsg]sf]
6]Dkf]n] @)^^ ;fn;Dd s/f]8 sdfP .
@)^^ ;fndf cf7 ;odWo] rf/ ;o
j6f 6]Dkf]sf] ;6\6fe/fgfdf dfOs|fa] ;
NofOof] . clxn] klg rf/ ;o j6f UofF;
6]Dkf] af6f]df u'l8/x]sf] 5 . oL 6]Dkf]n]
clxn];Dd b'O{ s/f]8eGbf klg w]/}
cfDbfgL ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
rf/ ;o j6f dfOs|fa] ; klg eG;f/
/ Eof6 5'6df cfPsf] xf] . #) nfv kg]{
dfOs|fa] ; !% nfvdf NofPsf] xf] . )^^
;fndf cfPsf] dfOs| f ] a ; klg
;~rfngdf cfPsf] !$ jif{ lalt;s]sf]
5 . cfkm}n + ] rnfP/ jf ef8fdf nufP/
uf8L wgLn] s/f]8f}+ hf]l8;s]sf 5g\ .
@)$# ;fndf 8]9 nfvdf vl/b u/]sf]
ljs|d 6]Dkf] @)%^ ebf} % ut];Dd
rNof] . Tof] cjlwd} tL 6]Dkf] ;~rfnsn]
s/f]8eGbf a9L sdfO;s]sf lyP .
n'lDagL / u08sLafx]ssf cGo k|bz ] df
;f] ljs|d 6]Dkf] u'l8/x]sf] 5 .
@)%^ ebf} % ut]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
a}7sn] %) nfv kg]{ lgnf] dfOs|fa] ; /
hDaf] xfo;nfO{ @% nfvdf lbg] lg0f{o
u¥of] . sf7df8f}a+ f6 x6fPsf] ljs|d 6]Dkf]
cGo lhNnfdf nu]/ Joj;foLn] cfkm\g}
gfddf btf{ u/] . tL 6]Dkf]af6 clxn]
klg Joj;foLn] cfDbfgL ul//x]sf 5g\ .
6]Dkf]sf] afudtL k|bz ] sf] gDa/df lgnf]
dfOs|fa] ; / hDaf] xfo; btf{ u/]˜, Tof]
klg cfkm\g} gfddf . bnfn Joj;foLx?n]
cfk"m dfq sdfpg] /0fgLlt /r]sf 5g\ .
@)%^ ;fndf cfPsf] lgnf]
dfOs|fa] ; / hDaf] xfo; g} @$ jif{
k"/f eP/ @% jif{ nflu;s]sf] 5 . tL
uf8Ln] tLg s/f]8eGbf a9L sdfO;s]sf]
5 . &) xhf/df lsg]sf] 6'–:6s 6]Dkf]n]
@)^) ebf} @@ ut];Dd s/f]8 a9L
cfDbfgL u¥of] . ;/sf/n] 6'–:6s 6]Dkf]
kmfn]/ rf/ kfª\u]| 6\ofS;L lbg] lg0f{o
u¥of] . @)^) ;fndf ;ft nfv !)
xhf/df lsg]sf] uf8Ln] 6]Dkf]sf]
;6\6fe/fgfdf 6\ofS;L btf{ u/]/ tLg
s/f]8eGbf a9L sdfO;s]sf] 5 . clxn]
klg @) jif]{ k"/fgf 6\ofS;Lsf] :s|ofa
u/]sf] gDa/ Kn]6df gofF uf8L lsg]/
btf{ ul//x]sf 5g\ .
logLx?n] ca csf]{ @) jif{ klg
Joj;foL u5{g\ . @)$# ;fndf Ps
nfvdf lsg]sf] So'jfnf / 9'jfgL 6]Dkf]n]
@)^) ;fn;Dd s/f]8a9L sdfof] .
@)^) ;fndf To;nfO{ lj:yfkg u/]/
To;s} :s|ofa u/]sf] gDa/ Kn]6df gofF
uf8L NofOof] . So'jfnf 6]Dkf]n] $)
nfvdf dfOs|fa] ; Nofof] . 9'jfgL uf8Ln]
eG;f/ / Eof6 5'6df !% nfvdf rf/
kfª\u]| 9'jfgL uf8L Nofof] . clxn];Dd
tL ;jf/L ;fwgn] slt sdfof] < cfkm}+
lx;fa u/f}+ .
ca klg To;s} gDa/ Kn]6df gofF
uf8L lsg]/ Nofpg] clg cfk"m dfq
sdfpg] . oftfoft Joj;foL cfkm\gf]
of]hgfdf ;kmn x'bF } uP t/ s;}n]
a'em]gg\ . /fHo cfFvf lrDn]/ al;lbof],
ldl8ofx?n] h/};Dd vf]tfNg] sf]l;z
u/]gg\ . Pp6f ;fj{hlgs oftfoftdf !)–
*) nfv ?k}ofF;Dd nufgL ul/Psf] x'G5 .
t/, vf]O t /fh:j < b}lgs cfDbfgLsf]
klg oftfoft Joj;foLn] /fh:j ltb}g{ g\ .
jif}l{ kR5] k~hLs/0f ug]{ l;:6d ef8fsf]
uf8Ldf nfu' ug{k' 5{ .
@)&! ebf} @^ ut]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
a}7sn] @) jif]{ uf8L x6fpg] lg0f{o
u¥of] . @)&! kmfu'g !* ut] /fhkqdf
lgsfNof] . @)&@ r}t ! ut]sf]
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sn] @)&# kmfu'g !&
ut]bl] v afudtL c~rnaf6 @) jif]{
uf8L lj:yfkg ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] . @)&$
r}t ! ut]af6 b]ze} /af6 @) jif]{ uf8L
x6fpg] elgof] . t/, 6«flkms dxfzfvfn]
;/sf/sf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug{ ;s]g\ .
oftfoft Joj;foLsf] bafadf 6«flkms
dxfzfvf kl5 x6\of] . h;sf sf/0f
b'36{ gf / k|bi' f0f 36\gs
' f] ;f6f] a9]sf]
a9\o} 5 .
– cg';f yfkf, eStk'/
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
sf7df8f}F . dxfn]vf lgoGqs
sfof{non] ut h]7 !) ut];Dd !
va{ $% ca{ (( s/f]8 !( nfv &
xhf/ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] ;fj{hlgs
;DklQ /x]sf] b]lvPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
o;cl3 cfly{s jif{ @)&^÷&& df
dfq () ca{ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] dfq
;DklQ ljj/0f cWofjlws ePsf]df
rfn" cfly{s jif{;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;f9]
! va{ ePsf] xf] . t/, dxfn]vf
lgoGqs sfof{nosf clwsf/Lx? k|bz ] 5}gg\, xfd|f sd{rf/Lx? ToxfF gx'Fbf
tyf :yfgLo txsf sd{rf/Ln] rf;f]
gb]vfpFbf ;/sf/sf] ;DklQ cem}
olsg gePsf] atfpF5g\ .
cfly{s jif{ @)&&÷&* df ;+3Lo
dGqfno, lgsfo / tLcGtu{tsf
sfof{non] cfk"m;Fu s'n ! va{ *)
s/f]8 ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] ;DklQ /x]sf]
ljj/0f dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nonfO{
a'emfPsf 5g\ . o;cl3 cfly{s jif{
@)&^÷&& df dfq () ca{ ?k}ofF
a/fa/sf] dfq ;DklQ ljj/0f
cWofjlws ePsf] lyof] .
cfly{s sfo{ljlw tyf ljQLo
pQ/bfloTj P]g @)&^ cg';f/ k|To]s
;/sf/L sfof{ n on] cfˆgf] xs
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;DklQsf] n]vf+sg,
pkof]u tyf ;+/If0f ug{' k5{ . tL
lgsfon] dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non]
;~rfng u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ
Joj:yfkg k| 0 ffnL -kLPPdP_
k|0ffnLdf ljj/0f cBfjlws ug{k' 5{ .
;fj{hlgs ;DklQ Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL
-kLPPdP_ nfu" ePsf] nfdf] ;do
ljZjsf s]Gb|Lo a}+saLr ;'g lsGg] k|lt:kwf{ Û
sf7df8f}F . ljZje/sf s]Gb|Lo
a}s+ x¿df ;'g lsGg] k|lt:kwf{ a9\b}
uPsf] 5 . ljZj ljQLo ahf/df a9\bf]
cl:y/tfsfaLr ljleGg s] G b| L o
a}s + x¿n] ;'gdf nufgLnfO{ ;'/lIft
dflg/x]sf 5g\ . df}lb|s lj1x¿sf
cg';f/ of] klg cd]l/sL 8n/ k|ltsf]
lg/Gt/ 36\bf] ljZjf;sf] ;+st] xf] .
ljZjsf] jt{dfg k|jl[ Q cGt/f{li6«o
Jofkf/df 8n/sf] ljsNk vf]Hg] xf] . of]
36gfnfO{ 8n/fOh];g elgG5 . ljZj
;'gsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;+:yf …jN8{ uf]N8
sfplG;nÚ n] ev{/} k|dv ' b]zsf s]Gb|Lo
a}s
+ x¿ aLr ;j]I{ f0f u/]sf] lyof] . cfˆgf]
k|ltj]bgdf cfufdL % jif{df ^@ k|ltzt
s]Gb|Lo a}s+ sf] df}Hbftdf ;'gsf] dfqf
a9\g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . ljZj uf]N8
sfplG;nn] Ps jif{cl3 klg o:t}
;j]I{ f0f u/]sf] lyof] .
ljZj uf]N8 sfplG;nn] cfˆgf]
a}s+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgliqmo shf{ a9\b}
sf7df8f}F . cy{ dGqfnon] xfn}
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] cfly{s ;j]{If0f
@)&(÷*) df rfn' cfly{s jif{
@)&(÷*) sf] ;'?jft;Fu} ljQLo
:yfloTjsf ;"rssf] l:ylt t'ngfTds
¿kdf sdhf]/ /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . a}s + k|ltztsf] cfly{s ;j]I{ f0fdf pNn]v 5 .
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgliqmo shf{ a9\b}
uPsf] 5 . a}s + tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
lgliqmo shf{sf] cf};t cg'kft @)&*
k';df !=#! k|ltzt /x]sf]df @)&(
k';df @=^# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . k';kl5
lgliqmo shf{ cem} a9\g] qmddf /x]sf]
a}s
+ x?n] k|sflzt u/]sf] ckl/:s[t ljQLo
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
x'bF f;d]t pQm k|0ffnL ;~rfngdf rf;f]
b]lvPsf] 5}g\ . k|bz
] tyf :yfgLo txsf
sd{rf/Lx?n] pQm k|0ffnLdf ljj/0f
k|lji6 gubf{ ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] Plsg
tYof+s g} gcfPsf] dxfn]vf lgoGqs
sfof{nosf ;"rgf clwsf/L ufoqL /d0f
vgfn atfpF5g\ .
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lgoGqs sfof{nocGtu{tsf n]vfsf
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pgn] eg], …pgLx? xfdLk|lt lhDd]jf/L
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;do cfPsf] 5 .Ú
k|bz
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d'b|f :kmLltsf] lrGtf / e"/fhgLlts
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dfqf a9fpg] lg0f{o ljj]sk"0f{ /x]sf]
hgfPsf] 5 . log} sf/0faf6 k|]l/t
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ljj/0fn] b]vfpF5 . lgliqmo shf{ a9\b}
uPsf] ePklg a}s + x?;Fu t/n ;DklQ
eg] kof{Kt /x]sf] 5 . @)&( kmfu'g
d;fGtdf a}s + tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] s'n
lgIf]kdf t/n ;DklQsf] c+z @$=#)
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lgIf]kdf gub tyf a}s + df}Hbftsf] c+z
&=!^ k|ltzt / s'n lgIf]k tyf
k|fylds k'h F Ldf shf{sf] c+z *%=^)
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . hf]lvd efl/t
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k"h
F Lsf] cg'kft qmdzM !)=)( k|ltzt
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ef} l ts k" j f{ w f/ tyf oftfoft
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;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno;Fu
^ ca{ *$ s/f]8, cy{ dGqfnosf]
kfFr ca{ @@ s/f]8 a/fa/sf] ;DklQ
b]lvPsf] 5 . ;a}eGbf sd blnt
cfof]usf] b'O{ s/f]8 %% nfv, bf];f| d] f
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k|0ffnLn] k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
sfof{ n odftxt tLg ca{ *&
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b]lvPsf] 5 . To:t}, pk/fi6«kltsf]
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k|bz] k|dv' sfof{nox¿df !^ s/f]8
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nufgLsf nflu 8n/sf] ljsNk vf]Hg
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pgLx¿sf nflu ;a}eGbf ;'/lIft
ljsNk b]lvPsf] dfGg yfn] .
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dlxgfdf s]Gb|Lo a}s
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t/ pbLodfg cy{tGq ePsf b]zx¿df
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tyf bfloTj ;+/rgfdf a}s + tyf ljQLo
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cfly{s ;+s6 M k'“hLjfbsf] lgsf] gx'g] /f]u
cfly{s ;+s6 k'FhLjfbL cfly{s
ljsf;sf] :jfefljs pkh xf] .
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ljt/0f / k| h ggsf ljleGg
cGt/lj/f]wx¿sf] ;Í'rgsf 7f];
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w] / } ;fdflhs, cfly{ s /
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ls;fgsf] aa{/ zf]if0f, o'4sf] ljgfz
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sd pTkfbg xf]Og clt pTkfbg xf] .
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sf/vfgf aGb, a}+ssf Joj;fo 7Kk
x'G5g\, ;]o/sf] efp 36\5, a]/f]huf/L
b|'t ultdf a9\5, pTkfbs zlQmn]
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kIff3ft / cJojl:yt x'g hfG5–
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jf hfgfhfgL gi6 x'g] k|j[lQ x'G5 .
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;+3if{ hf/L 5 .
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k'FhLjfbL cy{tGqsf] ljz]if ljz]iftf
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k'FhLjfbL cfly{s ;+s6sf] cfj[lQ /
uDeL/tf a9\of] .
t];f| ,] pTkfbg If]qsf] ;Í6n] ;du|
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lg/+s'z k~rfotL zf;gsf] ;§f
ax'bnLo k|hftGq rflxG5 eg]/ cfˆgf]
j'jfn] /ut aufPsf] jtfP . t/
cfˆgf] j'jfsf] /ut dfly ax'bnjfbL
kf6L{x?n] ckdfg u/]sf] / rf/ bzs
;Dd /fli6«o ;lxb ;d]t 3f]if0ff ug{
g;]sf] kL8f pgn] kf]v] .
ax'bn, nf]stGq / u0ftGq ;Dd
cfpFbf klg cfˆgf] j'jfsf] alnbfgsf]
;Ddfg /fHon] u/]g kbd jxfb'/n]
eg] ædfwj g]kfn k|wfgdGqL x'bF f
sf7df8f} ;Dd wgf{df k'Uof}, ;lxb
3f]if0ff x'gk' 5{ /fxt / If]ltk"lt{ kfpg'
k5{ eGbf pN6} @ lbg h]n xflnof] of]
;fdfGo kL8f xf]Og .Æ
pgn] cfkm'x?sf] dfu clxn]sf]
;/sfn] uDeL/tfk"j{s ;'gxf]; /
bz/yk'/ 36gfdf xTof ul/Psf
;a}nfO{ /fli6«o ;lxb 3f]if0ff ul/xf];
eg]/ hf]8bf/ dfu u/] . t/ pgL
dfux? k'/fx'g]df cf;fjfbL ePklg
;lhn} k'/fx'g] ljZjf; eg] ub}g{ g\ .
o:t} rf/ bzs klxn] cfˆgf] efO{
j|xdbQ ltjf/L u'dfPsf bfh' b'uf{
k|;fb ltjf/Ln] klg /fHon] olt 7"nf]
alnbfgsf] 36gfnfO{ j]jf:tf u/]sf]
u'gf;f] u/] .
pgn] eg] æ@)#^ ;fnsf]
cfGbf]ngsf] ann] hgdt;+u|xsf]
clwsf/ kfO{of], To;df k~rfotL
zf;sx?n] if8\oGq u/L ax'bnjfbLnfO{
x/fP . To;kl5 )$^ ;fndf
hgcfGbf]ng eof] / k~rfotL Joj:yf
cGTo eof] . g]kfndf ax'bnLo Joj:yf
:yfkgf eof] . Tof] xfd|f] cfkmGthgsf]
/utn] xf] . cfh lsg /fli6«o ;lxb
gagfO{Psf] xf] < lsg kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{
;Ddfg gul/Psf] xf] < xfdL cGofodf
5f} . slxn] xfdLn] Gofo kfpg] <
;lxbx?x?nfO{ slxn] ;Ddfg x'g] .Æ
pgsf] kL8f hlt n]v] klg sd}
x'G5 . cfh /fHodf a:g]x?n] j]jf:tf
u/] s f 5g\ . Psflt/ cfkmGthg
u'dfPsf] kL8f 5 csf]{lt/ /fHon]
ckdfg u/]sf] kL8f 5 .
o:t} bz/yk'/ 36gfdf alnbfg
u/]sf x:t axfb'/ ;fsL{sL >LdtL
rGbL/fsf] kL8f klg sd 5}g . pgn]
36gfdf cfˆgf] >Ldfg u'dfPsf] kL8f
eGbf a9L /fHon] ckdfg u/]sf] kL8f
j9L 5 elggg\ .
rGbL/fn] elggg\ ærf/ bzs eGbf
a9L x'Fbf ;Dd cfˆgf cfkmGtx?sf] /
kl/jf/x?sf] af/] /fHon] vf]hL tnf;L
lsg gu/]sf] xf] < cfˆgf] >Ldfg s'g}
ufO{ e};L r/fpg uP/ d/]sf] xf]Og .
b]zsf] nflu ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] nflu
ax'bn Nofpgsf] nflu /ut aufPsf]
xf] . /fHo ;lxb kl/jf/sf] xf]sL xf]Og <
of] s;sf] xf] < xfd|f] kL8f s;n] ;'Gg]
xf] < xfdLn] s]xL vf]hs] f 5}gf} < /fli6«o
;lxb agfO{g' k5{ / ;lxb kl/jf/nfO{
;Ddfg ul/g' k5{ eg]sf 5f} .Æ
o:t} >Ldfg Gofpn] sfdL u'dfPsL
t'N;L sfdLsf] kL8f klg sd 5}g .
pgL #% jif{sf] pd]/d} Psn dlxnf
eO{g . clxn] pgL &^ jif{sf] eO{g .
pgn] >Ldfg ljt]sf] kL8f eGbf /fHosf]
ckdfgsf] kL8f w]/} ePsf] u'gf;f] ul/g .
rf/ bzs ;Dd cGofodf kof}{ !
nfv lsl/of vr{ jfx]s c? s'g}
/fHoaf6 /fxt kfPsf 5}gf} . c?
cfGbf]ngdf dfl/Psfx?nfO{ ;lxb
3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5, !)÷!) nfv /fxt
lbPsf] 5, d]/f] >LdfgnfO{ lsg ckdfg
ul/of] t'N;Ln] elgg\ .
o:t} csf{ ;lxb axfb'/] sfdLsf
5f]/f s0f{ jxfb'/ sfdLn] klg rf/
bzs ;Dd olt 7"nf] 36gfnfO{
n'sfpg' cGofo ePsf] kL8f kf]v] .
pgn] of] cfGbf] n gsf ;a}
;lxbx?nfO{ /fli6«o ;lxb agfpg
/ ;lxb kl/jf/nfO{ plrt /fxtsf]
Joj:yf ug{ dfu u/] .
pgn] eg] æg] s kfsf
dxf;lrj ljKnj oxL k'u/]
sfo{qmd ug{' eof], ;lxb kl/jf/
3fOt]nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{' eof] .
/fli6«o ;lxb 3f]if0ffsf] kxn
ug]{ eGg' ePsf] 5 . xfdLnfO{
s]xL cf;f knfPsf] 5 cj
xfdLn] Gofo kfp5f} ls eg]/ Û
, clxn] ;Dd sf]xL xfdLnfO{
;f]wg cfPsf] lyPg .Æ
bz/yk' / ljb| f ] x sf]
36gfdf ;lxb kl/jf/n] dfq
xf]Og 3fOt]x?n] klg w]/} kL8f
v]Kg' k/]sf] 5 . Tof] 36gfdf
3fOt] ePsfx?n] $$ jif{ ;Dd
uf]nLsf 5/f{x? k};fsf] cefjdf
zl// leq} /fv]/ jfFRg' k/]sf]
kL8f JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
bz/yk'/sf k"0f{ axfb'/
kmf}hfdu/sf] pd]/ clxn] *)
jif{ eof] . pgsf] 6fpsf]df
clxn] klg # j6f 5/f{x?
lgsflnPsf] 5} g . 3fOt]
du/nfO{ uf]nL nfUbf pgsf]
pd]/ #^ jif{sf] lyof] . pgn]
cfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL x'Fbf
6fpsf]df # / 3fF6Ldf & j6f
5/f{ nfu]sf] jtfP . 3fOt]
du/n] 3fF6Lsf 5/f{ cfkm} kfs]/
jflx/ cfP t/ 6fpsf] lgsfNg
k};fsf] cefjn] ;lsg eg] .
pgnfO{ 6fpsf] 5/f{n]
slxn] sfFxL j]xf]; x'g] /
6fpsf] b'vg] x'G5 . t/ klg
pgsf] kL8f ax'bnLo Joj:yf
b] l v u0ftGqsf] Joj:yf
;+rfns ;Dd k'Ug ;s]sf]
5} g . pgn] eg] æax' b n
Nofpg] cfGbf] n gdf /ut
aufof} 3fOt] eof} . t/ /fHon]
;Ddfg u/]g, cf}ifwL pkrf/ klg
u/]g, xfdL dfly 7"nf] cGofo u¥of]
xfdLnfO{ s;n] Gofo lbg] xf] / slxn]
lbg] xf] <Æ
bz/yk'/ ljb|fxsf c? 3fOt]x?
h+ujxfb'/ /vfn], dfg jxfb'/ ;6fnL
/ OGb| kf}8n ] sf] kL8f klg p:t}
5 . pgLx? ;a}sf] zl//df clxn]
klg k~rfotL zf;sx?sf lj?4sf]
cfGbf]ngdf nfu]sf] uf]nLsf 5/f{x?
5b}5g\ . oL uf]nLx? rf/ bzs
a9L x'bF f klg zl//af6 lgsflnPsf
5} g g . 3fOt] x' g ] x ?nfO{ ca
;/sf/n] uf]nL lgsflnlbG5 eGg]
ljZjf; klg 5}g . o'jf pd]/df
zl//df uf]nL /fv]/ a:g' k¥of] eg]
ca pd]/n] klg dg]{ a]nf uf]nL
lgsfn] / s] g} x' G 5 < 3fOt]
h+ujxfb'/ /vfn]n] eg] .
3fOt] OGb|jxfb'/ kf}8]nn] $$
jif{ ;Dd j]jf:tf ul/Psf] 36gfnfO{
dxTj lbP/ g]skfn] h]7 !% ut]
sfo{qmd ug{' / ;lxb kl/jf/ tyf
3fOt]x?nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ s'/fn]
cfkm'x? xlif{t ePsf] / cf;fjfbL
ePsf] jtfP .
pgn] cfˆgf bljPsf cfjfh /
bjfO{sf] alnbfgsf] Oltxf;nfO{
/fli6«os/0f tyf cGt/f{li6«os/0f
ul/g] / ;lxbx?nfO{ /fli6«o ;lxb
3f]if0ffsf] kxn ug]{ s'/f ljKnjn]
eg]sfn] s]xL cfzfjfbL ePsf]
atfP . 3fOt] dfgjxfb'/ ;6fnLn]
cfkm'x?nfO{ of] /fHon] Gofo lbg'
kg]{ km]l/ klg dfu u/] .
bz/yk'/ ljb|fx] sf ;lxb kl/jf/
x'g jf 3fOt] / 3fOt]sf cfkmGtx?
x'g ;a}sf] Pp6} dfu 5 cem} klg
cfˆgf] alnbfgdfly /fHon] ckdfg
gu/f]xf]; / ;Ddfg u/f]xf]; ] \.
– a;Gt lj=s=
cfly{s=====
sd ug{ c;kmn k|of; u/] . t/
;}Go vr{ / /Iff pBf]u pTkfbg vr{
a9\b} uof], h;n] Ps cof]Uo ah]6
3f6fnfO{ hGd lbof] . 7"nf /Iff vr{
wfGg ;fd|fHojfbL b]zx¿n] s/
a9fpg], j}bl] zs C0f a9fpg], d'bf|
hf/L ug]{ / d'bf| :kmLlt a9fpg], /fh:j
;Í6nfO{ :yfoL 36gf agfPsf 5g\ .
cd]l/sL ah]6 3f6f /fh:j jif{
!($^ / !(&! sf] aLrdf $!#&=(
lalnog k'us ] f] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs C0f
a9]/ $@$=! lalnog k'u]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sL ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n] cfkm}+
:jLsf/ u/] ls æ;+ o ' Q m /fHo
cd]l/sfsf] ;fj{hlgs C0f ;+oQ' m cGo
;a} b]zx¿sf] ;fj{hlgs C0f a/fa/
ePsf] 5 .Æ æolb of] ;fj{hlgs
C0fnfO{ Ps 8n/sf] gf] 6 df
¿kfGt/0f ug]{ xf] eg], ltgLx¿sf]
35 lkm6 rf}8f k§Ln] !%@) k6s
k[YjLnfO{ 3]g{ ;S5 .Æ
d'b|f:kmLlt a9\b} hfFbf, d'b|fsf]
d" N o 36\ b } hfG5 / kmn:j¿k
d"Nox¿ uugr'DaL x'G5g\ . ljutdf,
cfly{s ;+s6 ;'? x'g' cl3 ;fdfGotof
d"No :t/df lu/fj6 cfPsf] lyof] .
t/ bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5 k'FhLjfbL
b] z x¿n] /fli6« o cy{ t Gqsf]
;}GoLs/0fdf hf]8 lbFb} d'b|f:kmLltsf]
gLlt ckgfPsf 5g\ . kmn:j¿k,
;+s6sf] ;dodf d"No 36]sf] dfq
xf]Og, lg/Gt/ a9]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf
nflu, bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5 cd]l/sfdf
kfFrj6f cfly{s ;Í6 cfO;s]sf] 5 .
;g\ !($*–$( sf] ;+s6 afx]s cGo
rf/ ;+ s 6df d" N o a9] s f] 5 .
qmozlQmdf x|f; cfPsf] k|i6 5 .
b]zleq} d'b|fsf] cjd"Nogn] ljZj
ahf/df shf{nfO{ clgjfo{ ¿kdf
c;/ u5{ . cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn]
Pskl5 csf]{ cfqmfds o'4 n8\of] .
;}Go vr{ / cGo b]zx¿df t}gfy
;}lgsx¿sf] 7"nf] j[l4sf sf/0f
cd]l/sL 8n/sf] 7"nf] axfjsf sf/0f
o;sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljZj;gLotf b|t'
¿kdf 36\of] . bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5
k'FhLjfbL ljZjsf] ljQLo ahf/df
af/Daf/ cfly{s ;Í6 pTkGg ePsf]
5 . cd]l/sL 8n/sf] ef/L laqmL /
;' g sf] a9\ b f] dfun] cd] l /sL
;/sf/nfO{ b'O{ k6s 8n/sf] cjd"Nog
ug{ afWo agfof] – Ps k6s !(&!
sf] cGTodf / km]l/ km]ac '| /L !(&# df
k'h F LjfbL ;+;f/df cd]l/sL 8n/sf]
jr{:j ;dfKt ePsf] 5 .
cfly{s / ljQLo ;+s6sf] Ps};fy
pTkGg x'gfn] k'h F LjfbL cy{tGq ulx/f]
bnbndf km;]sf] 5 . Psflt/ cfly{s
;+s6sf sf/0f pTkfbgdf x|f; cfPsf]
5, >ldssf] ul/aL a9]sf] 5 eg]
k'hF LjfbL b]zsf] /fh:jdf x|f; cfPsf]
5, h;sf sf/0f 7"nf] ;‹Lo 3f6f /
e'QmfgL ;Gt'ngdf x|f; cfPsf] 5 .
csf]t{ km{ d'bf| :kmLlt, pRr s/, 36\bf]
jf:tljs Hofnf / hgtfsf]
qmozlQmdf cfPsf] ;fk]lIfs sdLn]
a9\ b f] /fh:j / ljQLo ;+ s 6n]
cltpTkfbgsf] cfly{s ;+s6nfO{ yk
uDeL/ agfPsf] 5 . o;/L xfdL b]Vg
;S5f}+ ls k'FhLjfbL cfly{s ;+s6sf]
rqmLo k|sl[ tn] Ps b'irqm ;[hgf
u5{ h'g lbgk|ltlbg v/fa x'Fb}
hfG5 . k'FhLjfbsf cGtlg{lxt zq'
cGt/lj/f]wx¿ ltvf] x'Fb} hfG5g\ .
Pskl5 csf] { ;+ s 6n] k' F h LjfbL
;+;f/nfO{ cfFwLa]x/L em}+ xNnfPsf] 5 .
cfly{s ;+s6n] k'“hLjfbL zf;gsf]
cfwf/nfO{ sdhf] / agfp“ 5
cfly{ s ;+ s 6n] k' F h Ljfbsf]
cfwf/e" t cGt/lj/f] w nfO{ ltvf]
agfpF 5 . ;+ s 6sf] ;dodf
k'h
F Lkltx¿aLrsf] k|lt:kwf{ tLj| x'G5,
w]/} ;fgf / demf}nf pBdx¿, 7"nf
pBdx¿;Fu k|lt:kwf{ ug{ g;Sg],
klxn] lbjflnof x'G5g\ . w]/} demf}nf
/ ;fgf pBdx¿ C0f ltg{ lnnfdL
x'G5g\, h'g cj;/sf] kmfObf p7fpFb}
s] x L 7" n f pBdx¿n] ;:tf] d f
lsG5g\ . o;/L k'FhLjfbL ;dfhdf
x/]s ;+s6kl5 k'FhL s]xL k'FhLkltsf]
xftdf s]lGb|t x'G5 . pTkfbg /
k'h F Lsf] Psfu|tf l56f] x'G5 . pTkfbg
/ k'FhLsf] a9\bf] Psfu|tfsf] cy{
k'FhLjfbsf] cfwf/e"t cGt/lj/f]w
cyf{t\ ;fdflhs pTkfbg / k'h F LjfbL
lghL ;DklQaLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w emg\
ltvf] aGb} uPsf] xf] . cfly{s ;+s6n]
k' F h LjfbL ;dfhdf juL{ o
cGt/lj/f] w nfO{ ltvf] agfpF 5 .
;+s6sf] ;dodf cfˆgf] gf]S;fg sd
ug{ k'h F Lkltx¿n] hgtfdfly k|ToIf
cfqmd0f u5{g\ . ltgLx¿n] 7"nf] dfqfdf
sfdbf/x¿nfO{ 5'6o\ fpF5g\, Hofnf
36fpF5g\, d'bf| :kmLltsf] ;xf/f lnG5g\,
s/x¿ a9fpF5g\ / ;Dk"0f{ ef/ >lds
hgtfsf] 9f8df /fVg] k|of; u5{g\ .
;fy}, ;+s6sf] ;dodf, k'FhLjfbL
pBf]uåf/f s[lif / zx/L If]qåf/f u|fdL0f
If]qsf] zf]if0f klg a9\5, h;n]
ls;fgx¿sf] 7"nf] ljgfz lgDTofpF5 .
t;y{, k'h F LjfbL cfly{s ;+s6n]
dhb'/ ju{ / cGo d]xgtL ju{sf nflu
7"nf] sl7gfO l;h{gf u5{ . dhb'/–
ls;fg / k' F h Lklt / 7" n f
hldgbf/x¿aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]wnfO{
yk ltvfb}{ k'FhLklt ju{sf lj?4
;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;‹if{sf] a9\bf] nx/sf
nflu cj:yf tof/ kf5{g\ . o;/L
k'hF LjfbL zf;gsf] hudfly lg/Gt/
cfqmd0f eO/x]sf] 5 . cfly{s ;+s6n]
k' F h LjfbL ;dfhdf juL{ o
cGt/lj/f] w nfO{ ltvf] agfpF 5 .
;+s6sf] ;dodf cfˆgf] gf]S;fg sd
ug{ k'h F Lkltx¿n] hgtfdfly k|ToIf
cfqmd0f u5{g\ . ltgLx¿n] 7"nf] dfqfdf
sfdbf/x¿nfO{ 5'6o\ fpF5g\, Hofnf
36fpF5g\, d'bf| :kmLltsf] ;xf/f lnG5g\,
s/x¿ a9fpF5g\ / ;Dk"0f{ ef/ >lds
hgtfsf] 9f8df /fVg] k|of; u5{g\ .
;fy}, ;+s6sfndf k'h F LjfbL pBf]uaf6
s[lifsf] zf]if0f / ;x/L If]qaf6 u|fdL0f
If]qsf] zf]if0f klg a9\b} hfG5, h;n]
ls;fgx¿df Jofks ljgfz
lgDTofpF5 . t;y{, k'h F LjfbL cfly{s
;+s6n] dhb'/ ju{ / cGo d]xgtL
ju{sf nflu 7"nf] sl7gfO l;h{gf u5{ .
dhb' / –ls;fg, k' F h Lklt / 7" n f
hldgbf/x¿aLrsf] cGt/lj/f]wnfO{
yk ltvfb}{ k'FhLklt ju{sf lj?4
;j{xf/f ju{sf] ;‹if{sf] HjnGt nx/sf]
cj:yf tof/ kf5{g\ . o;/L k'h F LjfbL
zf;gsf] hudfly lg/Gt/ cfqmd0f
eO/x]sf] 5 . k'h F LjfbL cy{tGqsf] ljsf;
k|lqmofdf cfly{s ;Í6sf] lau|g] k|jl[ Q
lglxt x'G5 . o;af6 :ki6 x'G5 ls
k'h
F LjfbL pTkfbg ;DaGwx¿ Ifo x'bF }
uPsf 5g\ / ltgLx¿nfO{ x6fpg / gofF
pTkfbs zlQmx¿sf] ljsf;sf
cfjZostfx¿ k"/f ug{ ;Sg] gofF pTkfbg
;DaGw :yfkgf ug{ cfjZos 5 .
k| d ' v ;Gbe{ x ¿
P+u]N;, b 8'xl/ª l/ˆo'6]zg, efu #,
cWofo @
n]lgg, æ;+s6sf kf7Æ, n]lggsf] k"0f{
sfo{, v08 %
;dLIffTds k|Zg ug{x' f];\
! k"FhLjfbL cfly{s ;+s6sf] ;|f]t
s] xf]<
@= cfly{ s ;+ s 6n] k' F h Ljfbsf]
ktgnfO{ ult lbG5. s;/L<
gf]6x¿
!= æ;f]leot ;+3 -af]Nz]les_ sf]
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]
;f] x | f } + dxflwj] z gdf k| : t' t
/fhgLlts k|ltj]bgÆ, :6flngsf]
k"0f{ sfo{, v08 12, k[i7 214.
@== æaf6 aRg] pkfo s] xf]< cf;Gg
k|no<Æ, n]lgg b sDKnL6 js{; \
ckm, v08 25, k[i7 324.
#= PË]N;, 8'xl/ª l/ˆo'6z ] g, dfS;{–
PË]N;sf rog ul/Psf sfo{x¿,
v08 3, lrlgofF ;+:s/0f, 1972,
k[ #!^=
- /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] z‹fO{ 6]S:6
a's, v08 Ps _
5f] / f;/x
5f] / LnfO{ :s' n
k9\g k7fcf}+ .
 @)*) ;fn h]7 @! ut] cfOtaf/
ef/tLo :jfy{ s]lGb|t k|wfgdGqL bfxfnsf] ef/t e|d0f
k| w fgdGqL k' i ksdn bfxfn
cfkm\gf] rf/ lbg] ef/t e|d0f ;s]/
lxhf] zlgaf/ :jb]z kmls{;Sg' ePsf]
5 . pxfFsf] ef/t e|d0f d'Vot ut
!* ut] gofF lbNnLsf] x}b/fjfb
xfp;df ePsf] låkIfLo e]6jftf{df
s]lGb|t /x]sf] lyof] . hxfF laleGg
;ftj6f ;+emf}tfx? ePsf lyP . b'O{
kIfLo jftf{kl5 g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL
bfxfn / ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb|
df] b Ln] s] x L kl/of] h gfx?sf]
;+oQ' m?kdf a6g lyr]/ pb\3f6g;d]t
ug'e { Psf] lyof] . To;qmddf k|dåosf]
sl/j cfwf 306fsf] PsfGtjf;sf]
/x:o eg] v'n]sf] 5}g . ut !* ut]
b'O{ b]zsfaLrdf ePsf ;+e + mf}tfx?df
k]6f« l] nod kfO{knfO{g cdn]vu~haf6
lrtjg;Dd Nofpg] / l;nLu'8Laf6
emfkf;Dd lgdf{ 0 fug] { sfo{ s f]
;dem\bf/L, tNnf] c?0f hnlaB't
cfof] h gfaf6 ef/tLo sDkgLn]
g]kfnnfO{ lah'nL lbg] ;+emf}tf, qm;
af]8/{ k]dG] 6 ;dembf/L, ;'gf}nL e}/xjf
OlG6u|]6]8 r]skf]i6sf] lznfGof;,
k//fi6« dfldnf cWoog k|lti7fg /
;'idf :j/fh OlGi6Ro"6aLr ;xsfo{
ug]{ ;dembf/L, rfFbgL bf]wf/fdf
PsLs[t hfFr rf}sL agfpg] / km'sf]6
s0ff{nL xfO{8«f]kfj/ k|f]h]S6 ;Demf}tf
/x] s f 5g\ . pQm ;xdlt /
;+ e mf} t fkl5 k| d åoaf6 e} / xjf
OlG6u|]6]8 r]skf]i6sf] lznfGof;
ul/Psf] lyof] eg] g]kfnuGh–?k}l8of
OlG6u|]6]8 r]skf]i6 tyf aygfxf–
lj/f6gu/ sfuf]{ /]nsf] pb\3f6g
ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f]xL qmddf ePsf]
Ps ;+oS' t kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ef/tLo
k|wfgdGqL df]bLn] b'O{b]zaLr ePsf]
;Demf}tfn] ;DaGw yk k|uf9 x'g]
atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] g]kfn
ef/taLr pmhf{ d f ;DaGwdf
bL3{ s fnLg ;Demf} t f ePsf] e Gb}
g]kfnaf6 cfufdL !) jif{df !) xhf/
d]ufjf6 lah'nL n}hfg] 3f]if0ff klg
g]skf /fKtL Ao'/f]n] n3'ljQ / ld6/Jofhsf lj?4 ;+3if{ rsf{pg] d'ns' df ;fd|fHojfbsf] cltqmd0f tLj|
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6
kf6L{ /fKtL Ao'/f]n] n3'ljQ /
ld6/Jofhsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{
lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . Ao'/f]sf]
cfOtaf/ ;DkGg laz]if a}7sn]
;f] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . a}7sn] ?s'd
klZrdsf] lhNnf ;]qm]6/Ldf x/L
;L / k"jL{ ?s'dsf] ;]qm]6/Ldf h'4
;LnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbg] lg0f{o
;j{;Ddt kfl/t u/]sf] 5 .
a}7sn] ufpF, gu/, j8f / ;]n
sld6LnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{,
Ao'/f]cGtu{tsf ;a} lhNnfx?sf
ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L k|wfgdGqL
bfxfnn] ;Ldf ;d:ofx?sfaf/]
låkIfLo s"6gLlts ;+oGqdfkm{t\
;dfwfgug{sf] nflu cg'/f]w u/]sf]
atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] ef/t;Fu
lgs} dxTjk"0f{ ;xdlt ePsf]eGb} o;n]
d'ns ' sf] ljsf;sf yk d2t k'Ug]
bfla klg ug'e { of] . pxfFn] b'Ob{ z
] aLr
gofF xjfO{ ?6sfaf/]df ;sf/fTds
5nkmn ePsf] atfpFb} ef/tLo
k|wfgdGqL df]bLnfO{ g]kfn e|d0fsf]
lgDtf] lbg'ePsf] lyof] . h'g ;xdlt
/ ;+emf}tf ;/;tL{ x]bf{ ;fdfGo /
g]kfns} lxtdf /x]sf]h:tf] b]lvPklg
o;leqsf] cGto{ g]kfnsf nflu 3fts
x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 . k|d bfxfnsf] o;
k6ssf] e|d0fdf ePsf ;xdlt /
;+ e mf} t fx?n] g] k fnnfO{ ef/tLo
kf]N6fdf xfNg] sfd ePsf] 5 .
k|d bfxfnsf] of] k6ssf] ef/t
e|d0fsf qmddf g]kfnsf] rfxgfsf]
vf;} ;Daf]wg ePg . ef/tn] rfx]sf]
ljifodf eg] g]kfnn] cfFvf lrDn]/
;xdlt hgfPsf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . !*
ut]sf] e]6jftf{df g]kfnn] klxnf] t
;Ldf ;d:of, g]kfnsf] hldgsf]
cltqmd0fnufotsf ljifog}
k| e fjsf/L 9+ u n] p7fPg, bf] > f]
g]kfnn] k|fyldstfsf ;fy /fv]sf
k|:tfjdf ef/tn] ;xdlt g} hgfPg .
g]kfnn] e}/xjfl:yt uf}td a'4
cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn / kf]v/f
cGt/f{ l i6« o ljdfg:ynsf nflu
dx]Gb|gu/ / e}/xjfaf6 yk cltl/Qm
xjfO ?6 dfu u/]sf]df ef/tn]
sf7df8f} + s f] lqla cGt/f{ l i6« o
ljdfg:yn nufotsf] u| f p08
x\of08lnª -c3f]lift ?kdf ef/tLo
dfz{n /fVg]_ sf] ljifo p7fP/ 6fg]{
sfd u/]sf] lyof] . ef/tn] z'?b]lvg}
;'/Iffsf] sf/0f b]vfpFb} uf}td a'4
cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf cfOPnP;
-OGi6'dG] 6n Nofl08ª l;i6d_ k|0ffnL
k|of]udf klg cg'dlt lbPsf] lyPg .
a}7s tyf k|lzIf0fx? ug]{, k|To]s
lhNnfn] kf6L{ ;b:o;Ddsf]
k|lzIf0f ug]{, Ao'/f]cGtu{tsf
lhNnfx? /f]Nkf, ;Nofg, ?s'd,
bfªdf df6f] / xfjfkfgL cg's'n
pTkfbg sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg],
;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ ;DaGwL
sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{, Ao'/f]
:t/Lo :s'lnª ug]{, hgtfsf] Gofo
;Dkfbg ;DaGwLsf] sfo{nfO{
Jojl:yt ug]{ nufotsf lg0f{o
u/]sf] g]skf /fKtL Ao'/f] sfof{non]
hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
k| d bfxfnn] o; k6ssf]
e|d0fsfqmddf ef/tn] cfOPnP;
k|of]u ug{ ;xdlt hgfPsf] cfˆgf]
;Daf]wgsf qmddf eg] klg To;af/]
cf}krfl/s ?kdf s'g} ;xdlt /
;+emf}tf ePsf] b]lv+bg} . g]kfnsf] xjfO{
?6df xfn;Dd l;d/f k|jz ] laGb'af6
dfq} /x]sf] 5 . klZrdL ?6af6 cfpg]
ljdfgx?n] ;d]t l;d/f eP/ kf]v/f
/ uf}td a'4 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn
e}/xjf hfg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
kl5NNff lbgdf lgdf{0f ePsf b'Oj{ 6f
gofF ljdfg:yndf lgoldt p8fgsf
nflu gofF xjfO{ k| j ] z laGb'
clgjfo{h:t} 5 . g]kfnn] ;g\ @)!)
otf ef/t;Fu af/Daf/ yk xjfO{
k|j]zlaGb' dfu u/] klg ef/tn]
ljleGg sf/0f b]vfpFb} kG5fpFb}
cfPsf] 5 . ha ls k|wfgdGqL
bfxfnn] e|d0fcl3 gofF xjfO{ ?6 lbg
ljifodf ef/t ;sf/fTds ePsf]
atfpg] ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . :d/l0fo s]
klg 5eg] @)&% c;f/df ef/tn]
g]kfnnfO{ yk rf/j6f xjfO{ ?6 lbg]
;xdltdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] lyof] .
dx]Gb|gu/, g]kfnu~h, lj/f6gu/ /
hgsk'/af6 g]kfndf k|jz ] laGb' lbg]
;xdlt ePsf] elgPsf] lyof] .
To;}u/L @& jif{cl3 ePsf] dxfsfnL
;lGwcg';f/ k~r]Zj/ ax'p2]ZoLo
kl/of] h gf nfu" u g] { s' / fdf klg
o:t} cfOtaf/ 3f]/fxLdf
;DkGg a}7sn] led ;Lsf]
g]t[Tjdf ^ ;b:oLo clvn g]kfn
hg;f+:s[lts dxf;+3 u7g u/]sf]
5 eg] ;a} lhNnfx?df ;fdgf
kl/jf/sf] g]t[Tj ;d]t rog
ul/Psf] 5 . g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo
;b:o tyf /fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{
;ljg ;Lsf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf]
a}7sdf g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo
;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf ;b:o ;'Gb/
;Lsf] cfltYo /x]sf] lyof] .
ef/tn] 5nkmn ub}{ hfg] eg]/ 6f/]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . k~r]Zj/ kl/of]hgfdf
rf/ xhf/ *)) d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf]
ljB't, l;FrfO / af9L lgoGq0fh:tf
ax'p2]ZoLo kl/of]hgfx? /x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfn / ef/taLr laleGg ldltdf
ePsf c;dfg ;lGwx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg
tyf kl/dfh{gsf nflu b'j} b]zn]
cWoogug{ agfPsf] Oldg]G6 k;{G;
u|k' -OkLhL_sf] k|ltj]bg a'‰g] ljifodf
b'j} k|wfgdGqLx?n] ;Daf]wgdf Ps
zAb klg prf/0f u/]sf] b]lvPg .
h;df g] k fn / ef/t b' j }
b]zsftkm{af6 rf/, rf/hgf /x]sf]
lj1 ;d"xn] cfkm\gf] cWoog k|ltj]bg
;g\ @)!* sf] h'gdf g} tof/
ul/;s]sf] lyof] . pQm k|ltj]bg b'j}
b]zsf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ a'emfpg] sfo{qmd
/x]sf]df ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL df]bLn]
xfn;Dd OkLhLsf] k|ltj]bg a'‰g ;do
ldnfpg' ePsf] 5}g / g]kfnn] klg ;f]
k|ltj]bg a'em\g] cfF6 u/]sf] 5}g .
ef/t;F u ut !* ut] ePsf]
;dem\bf/Ldf !) jif{df !) xhf/
d]ufjf6 lah'nL ef/tLo v'nf ahf/df
a]Rg] ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . hasL
g]kfnn] @% jif{ nfdf] pmhf{ ;Demf}tf
ug{ rfx]sf] elgPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L
g]kfnsf] rf;f] /x]sf O{kLhLsf] k|ltj]bg
;fj{ h lgs ug] { , g] k fnL e" l d
lnlDkofw'/f, sfnfkfgL / lnk'ns ] sfnfkfgL, lnk'ns ] , lnlDkofw'/fdf #&@
g]kfnnfO{ lkmtf{ ug],{ tyf ef/tLo
;+;bdf g]kfnsf] n'lDagL, slknj:t'
/ df]/ªsf s]xL e"efunfO{ ;d]6/]
/flvPsf] gS;f x6fpg]af/] klg ef/tn]
s'g} jf:tf u/]sf] b]lvPg . slyt
cv08 ef/tsf] gS;fdf n'lDagL /
slknj:t'sf ;fy} df]/ªsf s]xL
e"efunfO{ ef/tsf] gS;fdf ;fd]n
u/fOPsf] 5 . o;cl3 klg ef/tn]
lnlDkofw'/f, sfnfkfgL / lnk'ns ] dfg]sf] 5 . t/ dxfsfnL gbLsf]
cfˆgf] gS;fdf ;fd]n ul/;s]sf]
cj:yf 5 . of] g] k fnsf]
;fj{ef}ldstfdfly 7f8f] cfqmd0f xf] .
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
s] G b| L o ;b:o ;ljgn] d' n ' s df
;fd|fHojfbsf] cltqmd0f tLj| ePsf]
pNn]v ub}{ PsLs[t hgqmflGtnfO{ ;'b9[
ub}{ j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgfsf] lbzfdf
cl3 a9\g g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{ clkn ;d]t
u/] . ;f]daf/ g]skf bfªsf] laz]if ;+oQ' m
a}7sdf af]Nb} ;f] s'/f atfPsf x'g\ .
g]tf ;ljgn] eg]– …g]kfndf ;+;bLo
;Qf ;jf{lws ;+s6df km;]sf] 5 .
e|i6frf/df /fHo;Qfdf afu8f]/
;Dxfn]sf pRr kb:yx? ;xefuL x'gn' ]
of] ;Qfsf] ;+s6nfO{ k'li6 u/]sf] 5 .
d'ns ' df ;fd|fHojfbsf] cltqmd0f tLj|
5 . olta]nf xfdLn] /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf]
/Iff ug{k' g]{ 5 . ca o;sf nflu ljzfn
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf]
cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . kf6L{n] /fi6«sf]
;+s6nfO{ lgsf; lbgsf nflu sfo{ut
Pstf, ;xsfo{, ;+oQ' m df]rf{ / d'2f
ldNg]x?;Fu kf6L{ Pstfsf] sfo{gLltnfO{
cufl8 a9fpg] 5 . sd/]8x? ca
hgqmflGtnfO{ b[9tfsf ;fy cufl8 a9fpg]
a]nf cfPsf] 5 . h'emf? 9+un] ;+u7g
Tof] gS;f g;RofpFbf;Dd ef/t;Fu
cGo s'g} klg ljifodf ;lGw, ;+emf}tf
ug's
{ f] s'g} cf}lrTo lyPg . k|wfgdGqL
bfxfnsf] o; k6ssf] ef/t e|d0faf6
g]kfnsf nflu s'g} 7"nf] pknlAw k|fKt
ePg . a? g]kfnsf gbLx?df ef/tLo
Psflwsf/ sfod x'g k'Uof] . h;dfkm{t\
ef/tn] g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s /fhgLltdf
yk k|efj a9fpg] ;+efjgf a9]sf] 5 .
e|d0fsf bf}/fgdf km'sf]6 s0ff{nL
kl/of]hgf PgPrkL;L ef/tLo sDkgL
nfO{ %! k|ltzt z]o/ :jfldTj lbP/
;fem]bf/ agfOof] . h;df g]kfn
v'no] fd 7luPsf] :ki6 5 . k|wfgdGqLn]
ef/tnfO{ v'zLkfg{s} nflu /fi6«3ftL
gful/stfljw] o s /fi6« k ltåf/f
k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu bjfj lbg'ePsf]
s'/f klg o; ;Gbe{df hf]l8Psf] ljifo
ePsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL bfxfnn] ef/t
e|d0fsf qmddf g]kfnsf afFsL gbLx?
;d]t ef/tnfO{ lbP/ u+le/ k|sl[ tsf]
/fi6«3ft ug'{ ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfn
/ ef/tsf clwsf/Ln] emG8} (*
k|ltzt ;Ldf If]qsf] gS;fª\sg
eO;s]sf] e};s]sf] eGg] ul/Psf]
;Ldfsfaf/]df 5nkmn x'gg;Sg' u+le/
ljifo ePsf] 5 . g] k fn /
ef/tsfaLrdf sl/a ^)^ ju{
lsnf]ld6/ e"efunfO{ lnP/ lajfb
/x]sf] atfOFb} cfPsf] 5 . hasL
ju{ lsnf]ld6/, u08s If]qdf cjl:yt
;':tfsf] !$% ju{ lsnf]ld6/ / afFsL
^( 7fpFsf] nueu *( ju{ lsnf]ld6/
g]kfnsf] e"efu cltqmd0f ePsf]
ljifodf w]/} klxn]b]lv g]kfnsf
vf]hstf{x?n] cfjfh p7fPsf lyP .
;g\ !*!^ df g]kfn / tfTsflns
Oi6 OlG8of sDkgLaLr ePsf] ;'uf}nL
;lGwn] dxfsfnL gbLnfO{ ;Ldf gbL
pb\ u d:ynnfO{ lnP/ g] k fn /
ef/taLr hf/L lajfb xfn;Dd ;lN6g
g;Sg' u+le/ ljifo xf] . To;}nfO{ cfwf/
;'b9[ ug{' clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] .Ú
g]tf ;ljg ;Ln] ;fd|fHojfbn] k'/fgf
kf6L{sf] 7fpFdf /lanfO{ pbo u/fP/ cfˆgf]
:jfy{l;4 ug{ rfx]sf] atfpFb} eg]–
…cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] k'/fgf k/Dk/fut
kf6L{sf] 7fpFdf gofF kf6L{ hGdfP/ g]kfndf
cfˆgf] :jfy{ l;4 ug{ rfxfG5 . k'/fgf
cnf]slk|o ePsf g]tfsf] ljsNkdf gofF
/ljx? dfkm{t\ ;fd|fHojfbL /0fgLlt
g]kfnnfO{ ;fdl/s lx;fan] k|of]u ug]{
gLlt 5 . /ljx?sf af/]df ufpFufpFdf
7"nf e|dx? 5g\ . /lj ;g\ @)!@ b]lv
cd]l/sL of]hgfdf g]kfndf s[ofl;n /x]sf
lyP . pgL k'/fgfeGbf km/s klg xf]Ogg\
of] xfdLn] a'‰g'k5{ . /ljn] klg oxLF
c;kmn ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] jsfnt
ul//x]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf] gful/stf l7s
7
agfP/ ef/tn] sfnfkfgLdfly bfaLub}{
cfPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfnsftkm{af6
låkIfLo ;DaGwdf c;dfg?kdf
JofVofub}{ cfPsf g]kfn–ef/t zflGt
tyf d}qL ;lGw;lxtsf ljifodf O{kLhLn]
kfFraif{ cl3g} ;'emfj tof/ kf/]sf] 5 .
To;nfO{ a'em\g gdfg]/ ef/tn] laleGg
lajfbx?df v]n/] cfk"mn] nfe lng] /
g]kfnnfO{ xfgL k'¥ofpg] k|of; u/]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . dxfsfnL ;lGw ePsf] @&
jif{;Dd klg k~r]Zj/sf] lgdf{0f z'?
x' g ;s] s f] 5} g . k| T o] s g] k fn–
ef/taLrsf] k|wfgdGqL:t/sf] e|d0fdf
Ph]G8f aGg] u/]klg kl/of]hgf cl3
a9fpg] ljifodf 8LkLcf/d} b'O{ b]zaLr
dte]b x'bF c } fPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf
cWoIf /xg' ePsf k|wfgdGqL bfxfnn]
;d]t ef/t e|d0fsfqmddf cfkm\gf]
kf6L{n] p7fPsf ;jfnx?k|lt a]jf:tf
u/]sf sf/0f cGo jfd kf6L{x?df
cfqmf]z a9]/ uPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . k|d
bfxfnsf] of] e|d0f / o;cl3 g]sf+ /
Pdfn]sf g]tfx?n] k|wfgdGqLsf?kdf
u/]sf] e|d0feGbf s'g} tflTjs cGt/
b]lvPsf] 5}g . pxfFn] ef/t e|d0fsf
nflu laut kfFr dlxgfb]lv u/]sf]
dl/xTo] / ef/tdf k'u]/ g]kfnsf
o;cl3sf zf;sn] a'emfpg afFsL /x]sf
gbL gfnf a'emfP/ AolQmut nfe xfFlzn
ug'e{ of] xf]nf, t/ b]z / hgtfsf nflu
s]xL pknlAw ePg . rLg / ef/th:tf
b'O{ 7"nf d'n'ssfaLrdf /x]/ b'a}
l5d]sLsf aLrdf ;Gt'lnt Aojxf/
x'gk' g]d{ f Tof] klg ePg . dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|sf cWoIf tyf k|wfgdGqL bfxfnn]
klg ef/tnfO{ laz]if ;DaGw /x]sf]
7"NbfO{ agfP/ kms{g' ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf
ef/tLo x:tIf]k / Psflwsf/ a9fpFb}
hfg] / g]kfndf /x]sf em08} 8]8 s/f]8
ef/tLo gful/snfO{ laleGg axfgfdf
gful/stf lbnfpg] sfo{n] g]kfnsf]
cl:yTj vt/fdf kfg]{ sfd ePsf] 5 .
;don] bfxfn;Fu klg lo ;a} s'/fx?sf]
lx;fj lstfjug]{ lglZrt 5 .
ug{ g;Sg]n] b]znfO{ ;d[4 agfpF5g\ eGg]
ljZjf; ug{' d'vt{ f xf] . Tof] dfq} xf]Og lg
ev{/} xfdLn] ;a}n] 5n{Ë b]Vof}+ lg ;f+;b
agfpg /ljn] ;dfg'kflts ;f+;b agfpg
@ s/f]8 ;Dd a'em]sf ;dfrf/ cfO/x]sf
5g\ . o;n] klg k'li6 u5{ ls /ljx?
ljsNk xf]Ogg\ . clxn]sf] ljsNk eg]sf]
;+s6u|:t bnfn k'h F LjfbL ;+;bLo
Joj:yfsf] cGTo ub}{ g]kfndf j}1flgs
;dfhjfbL /fHoJoj:yf :yfkgf ug{'
ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf xf] .Ú
pgn] e|i6frf/ :6]6 SofKr/sf]
cj:yfdf k'us ] f] eGb} cufl8 eg]–
…e|i6frf/sf r/0f x'g] u5{g\ . k]6L
e|i6frf/ x'bF } clxn] :6]6 e|i6frf/sf]
cj:yfdf g]kfn 5 . of] eg]sf] /fHo;Qf
g} k|ToIf e|i6frf/df lnKt ePsf] 5 .
ca of] d'ns ' lqmldgn :6]6df ablnb}5
Tof] eg]sf] ck/flws d'ns ' agfpFb5 } g\
;+;bjfbL bnx?n] To;kl5 :6]6 km]n/
x'g5] . of] /fHoJoj:yf c;kmn ;fljt
x'g5] . oxLF oyfy{ n'sfpg clxn]sf] c;kmn
/fHoJoj:yf s]xL Psfw e|i6frf/ vf]n/]
e|dsf] v]tL ul//x]sf] 5 .Ú
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
jt{ d fg=====
klg dgfOb}5, clxn]sf] u0ftGq
k|flKtsf] nflu of]ubfg ug]{ eg]sf
;lxbx? x'g . h'g bz/yk'/, emfkf,
eLdbQ kGtsf] ljb|f]xb]lv hgo'4,
hgcfGbf] n g / PsLs[ t
hgqmflGt;Ddsf ;a} ljb| f ] x sf
;lxbx?sf] of]ubfg 5 .Æ
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln]
bz/yk'/sf] ljBfyL{ tyf ls;fgx?sf]
ljb|fx] nfO{ Oltxf;sf] ue{df n'sfpg
gx'g]tkm{ hf]8 lbFb} of] ljb|f]xnfO{
/fli6« o tyf cGt/f{ l i6« o :t/df
:yflkt ul/g'kg]{ jtfP . pgn] ;lxb
eg]sf b]zsf k'FhL ePsf] ts{ ub}{
;a} kf6L{ x ?n] bz/yk' / sf]
Oltxf;nfO{ ;femf ?kdf lnP/ oxfFsf
;lxbx?nfO{ l5§} /fli6«o ;lxb 3f]if0ff
ug]d{ f ;xdlt x'g] ljZjf; JoQm u/] .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] eg] æcfh
h] sf/0fn] g] t f ePsf 5g\
bz/yk'/sf] ljb|f]xn] xf], h] kl/jt{g
ePsf] 5 oxL ljb|f]xn] xf], ;'v]{tLx?
cGofonfO{ ;xFb}gg\ axfb'/x?sf
;Gtfg x'gf:\ eGg] Oltxf; emlNsPsf]
5, o;df lg/f; xf]Og uj{ ug{k' 5{ .Æ
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln]
k~rfotsf] lg/+sz ' zf;g leq @)#^
;fn h]7 !% ut] ljb|f]x ug]{ s'/f
;fdfGo gePsf] eGb} of] ljb|fxnfO{
l;+uf] /fHon] pRr ;Ddfg ug{' kg]{
atfpFb} of] ljb|fxsf] ;Ddfg x'g
g;Sg', ;lxb kl/jf/ / 3fOt]x?n]
clxn];Dd /fxt gkfpg' / ;lxbx?
/fli6«o ;lxb x'g g;Sg' b'vb\ s'/f
ePsf] jtfP . pgn] o;nfO{ cj l5§}
;dfwfg ug]{lt/ ;/sf/;Fu kxn
ul/g] cfZjf;g lbP .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] ls;fgx?n]
dn jLp ;dodf gkfpg', hgtfsf
5f]/f5f]/Lx?n] lzIff lbIff gkfpg',
k~rx?n] dfq cfˆgf] 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{
k9fpg', ;dfhdf zf]if0f bdgn] pu|?k
lng'sf] kl/0ffd g} bz/yk'/ ljb|fx]
hlGdPsf] pNn]v ub}{ eg]– …of] ljb|fx] n]
jx'bnLo Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf ub}{
clxn] ;Ddsf] kl/jt{g ;Dd of]ubfg
u/]sf] 5 .Ú
pgn] ljb|f]xdf ;lxb x'g] & hgf
OGb| lj;L, j| x dxbQ ltjf/L,
s0f{axfb'/ vqL, nfnjL/ 6d§f,
x:tjxfb'/ ;fsL{, Gofpn] sfdL, /
axfb'/] sfdLk|lt pRr ;Ddfg;lxt
xflb{s >4f~hnL JoQm ub}{ ljb|f]xsf
3fOt] k" 0 f{ a xfb' / kmf} h f du/,
h+uaxfb'/ /vfn], dfgjxfb'/ ;6fnL,
OGb| a xfb' / kf} 8 ] n nufotsf
3fOt]x?nfO{ pRr ;Ddfg JoQm u/] .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] dfgj
hfltsf] Oltxf; o'4sf] Oltxf; ePsf]
bfjL ub}{ :jtGqtf / ;dfgtfsf
nflu o'4 clgjfo{ x'g] u/]sf] pNn]v
ub}{ a? o'4 hgtfn] xf]Og /fHokIfn]
lgDTofpg] u/]sf] 7f]s'jf u/] .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] s'g} klg
sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng xf]; jf cGo
kl/jt{ g sf cfGbf] n g, ;dfh
?kfGt/0fsf nflu ul/Psf] jlnbfgx?
axfb'/Ltfsf] Oltxf; ePsf] eGb} pgn]
Oltxf;nfO{ s;}n] klg la;{g gx'g] /
To;nfO{ cufl8sf] lzIffsf] ?kdf lng'
kg]{ ;'emfj lbP .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] cj
bz/yk'/sf] Oltxf; dfq xf]Og,
s0ff{nL / l;+uf] b]zsf] Oltxf; k9\g
;'v]{tjf;L hgtfnfO{ cfu|x u/] .
pgn] Oltxf; b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQmsf
nflu hf]lvd df]Ng tof/ x'g]x?sf]
dfq x'g] l6Kk0fL u/] .
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] b]zdf
;lxbx?sf]n] ;f]r] hlt kl/jt{g
gePsf] :jLsf/ ub}{ cu|ufdL kl/jt{g
/ lgsf;sf nflu km]l/ klg tof/
x'g cfu|x u/] . sfo{qmdf dxf;lrj
ljKnj ;Ln] bz/yk'/ ljb|fxsf ;lxb
kl/jf/hg / 3fOt]x?nfO{ bf];Nnfx
cf]9fP/ ;Ddfg;d]t u/]sf lyP .
;f]xL, sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{
g]skf dfcf]jfbL -s]Gb|_ sf s0ff{nL
k| b ] z sf cWoIf ljdnf s] ; Ln]
dfcf]jfbL dfq geO{ ;a} sDo'lgi6x?
Ps x'gk' g]{ atfOg\ . pgn] g]kfnsf
sDo'lgi6x? Ps gx'bF f / km'6b\ } hfg]
s'/fn] ;lxbx?sf] ;kgf k'/f gePsf]
pn] v ub} { ;' v ] { t sf] bz/yk' /
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
P]ltxfl;s 7fpF ePsfn] oxfFsf]
P]ltxfl;stfnfO{ jrfpg' kg]{ jtfOg\ .
pgn] @)#^ ;fn h]7 !% ut] cfˆgf]
clwsf/sf] dfu ubf{ k~rfot
;/sf/n] uf]nL xfgL & hgfsf] xTof
u/]sf] 36gf /fli6«os/0f x'g g;s]sf]
jtfgj:pF b } clxn] cfˆgf] kf6L{
;/sf/df ePsf] j]nf xTof ul/Psf
;ft hgfnfO{ /fli6«o ;lxb 3f]if0ffsf
nflu kxn ug] { k| l tj4tf;d] t
hgfOg .
pQm sfo{qmddf g]skfsf :yfoL
;ldlt ;b:o e/t ;L, g]skfsf cfwf
bh{ g s] G b| L o ;b:ox?, g] s kf
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sL s0ff{nL k|b]z
cWoIf ljdnf s];L, Pdfn]sf ;'v]{t
lhNnf cWoIf cd[t lj;L, g]skf
;dfhjfbLsf s]Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ o1
l/hfnnufotsf cfltYotf /x]sf]
lyof] . g]skf ;'v]{tsf OGrfh{ w'j|
;Lsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmdsf]
;+rfng g]skf ;'vt{] sf ;]qm]6/L hLt
;Ln] u/]sf lyP .
g]skfsf=====
;dfwfgsf nflu sDo' l g:6,
k|ultzLn, ;Rrf nf]stGqjfbL /
b]zeQmx? Psh'6 x'g' kg]{ ljifodf
5nkmn ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
pQm e]6jftf{df bnfn k'FhLjfb
/ ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug{
sDo' l g:6, k| u ltzLn, ;Rrf
nf]stGqjfbL / b]zeQmx?sf] df]rf{
agfpg'sf] ljsNk gePsf] lgisif{
lgsfNb} ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ agfpFbf
To;sf ;sf/fTds kIfsf ;fy}
r'gf}tLsf kIfdf ;d]t uDeL/ Wofg
k'¥ofpg' kg]{ ljifodf ;d]t uxg
5nkmn ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L, pQm e]6jftf{df xfn} Ps
sfo{ q mddf g] k fnsf] sDo' l g:6
cfGbf]ngsf OdfGbf/, k|ultzLn /
k" j { k | w fgdGqL h:tf] JolQmdfly
if8\oGqd"ns 9+un] ;fd|fHojfbL /
bnfnx?sf] lu/f]xn] lgof]lht 9+un]
cfqmd0f ug] { k| o f; ug{ ' 3f] /
cfklQhgs lgGbgLo sfo{ ePsf] /
o;sf] s8f k|ltjfb ug]{ / plrt
;dodf 36gdf ;+nUgnfO{ bl08t
ug{k' g]{ ljifodf ;d]t 5nkmn ePsf]
atfOPsf] 5 .
;du|df g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf
k|jQmf k|sf08 ;L / g]skf -PsLs[t
;dfhjfbL_ sf jl/i7 g]tf tyf
k"jk{ w| fgdGqL emngfy vgfnaLrsf]
e]6jftf{ dxTjk"0f{ / ;sf/fTds /x]sf]
atfOPsf] 5 .
cfhsf] = ====
;dLIff ub}{ gofF cfwf/df gofF Pstf
cfhsf] k|dv' cfjZostf xf] . To;sf
nflu ;a} zlQmnfO{ ;d]6g\ ] u/L Pp6f
jfd ;Dd] n gsf] cfof] h gf ug{
;lsG5 . sDtLdf ;a} jfd, k|ultzLn
tyf /fi6«jfbL zlQmx?aLr ;xsfo{,
;xcl:tTj / Pstf efjsf] lgdf{0f
ug' { cfhsf] ;xL lgsf; xf] .
To;sf/0f ldqtfk" 0 f{ ;DaGw /
Pstfsf] ax;n] dfq gofF pT;fx k}bf
ug{;S5 . cfhsf] lbgdf ;a} ldn]/
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] cGTo ug]{ 7fpFdf
hfg ;lsG5 .
#= g}ltsjfg\ g]t[Tjsf] vf]hL
M cfhsf] hgtf k'/fgf] g]t[Tjk|lt
c;Gt'i6 5 . k'/fgfn] s]xL u/]gg\ /
s]xL ub}{gg\ eGg] cfd a'emfO{ 5 .
sDo' l gi6 kf6L{ l eq g} l tsjfg\
g]t[Tjx?sf] vf]hL / :yflkt ug'{
ckl/xfo{ 5 . e|i6frf/df 8'a]sf
g]tfx? b]vfP/ ca hgljZjf; k|fKt
x'g ;Sb}g . ;Qf jf ;/sf/ / kf6L{nfO{
cnu–cnu 9+ u n] rnfpg] u/L
Pstf ug{ ;lsG5 . k'/fgf g]tfx?nfO{
;Qf jf ;/sf/sf] lhDdf lbg] / gofF
g]tfx?nfO{ kf6L{sf] lhDdf lbg] u/L
ljZj;gLo jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{
;lsG5 . jf:tjdf ;a}nfO{ ldnfpg
;Sg] g} g}ltstf an ljKnjdf
x'g;S5 . olb g}ltsjfg\, OdfGbf/ /
lgi7fjfg\ g]tf / sfo{stf{nfO{ Ps
7fpFdf s]Gb|Ls/0f ug{ ;s] g]kfndf
sDo'lgi6x?sf] ;'gf}nf] eljio 5 .
g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6x?n] ljgfzsf/L
af6f] ;dfPsf 5g\, Tof] xf] Psn]
csf]{nfO{ l;Wofpg] . x'g'kg]{ lyof] M
Psn] csf]{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
@)*) ;fn h]7 @! ut] cfOtaf/
;lxbsf] ;kgf k'/f u/]/} 5f8\5f}+
Psftkm{ s]kL cf]nL, k|r08, dfwj
g]kfn, afa'/fd e§/fO{, gf/fo0fdfg
lah'SR5] / lrqaxfb'/ s];LaLrsf]
Pstf clg csf] { t km{ ljKnj /
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf eO;s]sf] JolQm /ljnfO{ cfufl8 ;f/]/ klg gx'g] / ;dfhjfb klg gcfpg] jtfP .
ls/0fsf] Pstf . ;Qf jf ;/sf/sf] dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] ;lxbsf] ;kgf km]l/ cfPsf] 5, of] g]kfnL hgtfsf] pgn] !@! l;6 k|ToIfaf6 lht]sf] kf6L{
lhDdf cf]nL, k|r08 / g]kfnx?n] k'/f u/]/} 5f8\g] k|lta4tf bf]xf]¥ofPsf nflu w]/} vt/gfs 5, o;df ;a}n] clxn] lgs} sdhf]/ x'g' dfcf]jfbLx?sf]
lng] clg kf6L{sf] lhDdf ljKnj, 5g\ . ljlxjf/ sf]xnk'/df sfo{stf{, ;r]t x'g k5{ .Æ ljefhg ePsf] l6Kk0fL u/] .
ls/0fx?n] lng] Pp6f gofF cfwf/ ;lxb kl/jf/ / Joj;foL;Fusf] e]63f6 dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] csf{ dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf g]tf
l;h{gf ug{ ;lsG5 . cfh;Ddsf] tyf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Djf]wg ;fd|fHojfbsf gofF kfqx?nfO{ g]kfnL ljxfgLn] ljrf/ l;4fGtnfO{ Pp6}
;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;d:of cx+sf/ xf] . ub}{ dxf;lrj ljKnjn] ;f] k|lta4tf hgtfn] a'emg g;s]/ e|ddf k/]sf] jgfP/ ;dfhjfbdf k' U g] u/] /
bf]xf]¥ofPsf x'g\ . pgn] ;lxb kl/jf/nfO{ eGb} s'g} lbg log} dfqsf sf/0f g]kfn dfcf]jfbLx? Ps x'g' k' g]{ jtfP . pgn]
;a}sf of]ubfgx?sf] sb/ / ;Ddfg
x'g] jftfj/0f agfpg ;lsFb}g / < ;lxbsf] ;kgf k'/f ug]{ ljZjf; lbnfpFb} o'qm]g aGg] cj:yfdf hfg ;Sg]tkm{ dfcf]jfbL Ps gx'bF f k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf]
gofF kl/l:ylt ag] s fn] ;a} ;+st] ;d]t /x]sf 5g\ . pgn] g]kfnL x:tIf]k j9]sf] 7f]sj' f u/] . pgn]
$= pTs[ i 6 Joj:yfkssf]
vf] h L M cfhsf] o' u eg] s f] dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;dfhjfbsf nflu Ps
eP/ ;lxbsf] ;kgf k'/f ug{' kg]{ atfP .
Joj:yfkgsf] o'u xf] . ;DklQ / ;Lk
xfdL;Fu} 5 t/, g]tfx? ljb]zLx?;Fu dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] dfcf]jfbL
hgo'4 s] cft+sjfbL o'4 xf] < olb
lev dfUb} lxF 8 ] s f 5g\ . xfdL
;dfhjfbL cy{tGqsf] ax;df 5f}+ t/, To;f] xf] eg] lsg hgo'4sf sf/0f
cfPsf] u0ftGqsf] kmn vfg] < eGg]
hLjg Jojxf/df xfdL r/d k'h F LjfbL
k|Zg ub}{ bnfnx?nfO{ rgf}tL lbFb} eg]–
jf lghL lrGtgaf6 lgb]{lzt 5f}+ . ælxDdt 5 eg] hgo'4nfO{ cft+sjfbL
Pp6f /fd|f] jf Joj:yfksLo gd'gf
o'4 eGg'xf];\ g Û , xf]Og eg] jlx/uldt
:yflkt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;/sf/sf hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ @ nfv lbg] lg0f{odf
c+ux?leq x]/f}+ g afn]g zfx / xs{
lsg cfklQ hgfPsf] xf] .Æ
;fDkfËx? kf] nf]slk|o xf]nfg\ h:tf] . pgn] ;Dej eP dfcf]jfbL tyf ;a} :jfledfgnfO{ pRr agfpFb} b]z / dfcf]jfbLn] ;]gf ;dfof]hg ubf{
afn]g zfxn] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ r'gf}lt
sDo'lgi6x?n] ;fdfhjfbdf hfg] zt{df hgtfsf] /Iffsf nflu g]kfn sDo'lgi6 k|r08n] w]/} 7"nf] uNtL u/]sfn] kf6L{
b]nfg\ h:tf] . sfd ug{ rfx]df s]xL ljrf/nfO{ Ps u/]/ kf6L{ Pstf u/f}+ kf6L{ h:tf];s' } sbd rfNg tof/ /x]sf] ljefhg x'g k'us ] f] atfpFb} ca sdL
g s]xL ;'wf/ t ;xh} x'g ;Sbf /x]5g\
eGb} ;lsFbg} eg] ;fdfhjfbL df]rf{ jgfP/ / hgtfsf] ;fydf /xg tof/ /xsf] sdhf]/Lx?sf] ;ldIff ub}{ dfcf]jfbL
gL b]zsf nflu k|b]z, lhNnf / gu/ hfg cfu|x u/] . pgn] g]kfnsf] e"efu ljZjf; lbnfP . pgn] g]kfnsf ;a} ;a} Ps x'gk' g]{ ;'emfj lbP .
jf ufpFsf nflu s]xL u/f}+ eGg] dfly ef/lto ;fd|fHojfbn] w]/} x:tIfk dfcf]jfbL / sDo'lgi6 ljrf/ ePsf sfo{qmddf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf g]tf
lrGtgsf] v8]/L 5 . ;a}sf] Wofg u/]sf] / kl5Nnf] gS;fdf slknj:t' / zlQm, k|ultzLn jfdkGyL ;a} zlQmx? ;d/ Olbl/;Ln] dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngdf
cfˆgf nflu / cf;]kf;]sf nflu eGg] n'lDjgL ef/tn] cfˆgf] gS;fdf /fv]sf]df ;fd|fHojfbL l8hfgsf lj?4 Ps eP/ k|r08 kl5 ljKnjn] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf]
5 . lrGtg / p;sf] Jojxf/af6 cfklQ hgfpFb} dxf;lrj ljKnjn] olb ghfg] xf] eg] g]kfn cem} ;+s6lt/ g]tT[ j ug{' kg]{ atfP . pgn] casf]
cleJoQm x'G5 lg . ha k|wfgdGqL ;+;b ejgdf ef/tn] /fv]sf] gS;faf6 ws]lng] atfP . cf;f ljKnjeGbf c? s'g} dfcf]jfbL
/ /fi6«kltn] cfˆgf kl/jf/, cfkmGt g]kfnsf] e"ld gx6fP s8f ;+3if{ ug]{ dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] hgtfdfly g]tfsf] gePsf] klg atfP . g]tf ;d/n]
/ cf;]kf;] dfq x]5g{ \ eg] k|bz] , ufpF r]tfjgL ;d]t lbP . ld6/ JofhL, n3'ljQ / j}Ísf] rsf]{ ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf Nofpg] tof/Lsf
/ gu/ k|d'vn] s] u5{g\ xf]nf < dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] ;fd|fHojfbL Jofhb/åf/f eO/x]sf] 7uL lj?4 ;fy kf6L{ Pstf x'gk' g]{ / ljKnjn]
kf6L{x?df To:t} 5 . gftfjfb / l8hfO{gdf g]kfnL qmflGt / sDo'lgi6 g]skfn] s8f ;+3if{ ul//x]sf] eGb} g]tT[ j ug{ tof/ x'gk' g]{ ;'emfj lbP .
lj?4 /lj cfPsf] v'nf;f u/]sf x'g\ . o;af6 cflQPsf bnfnx?n] cfˆgf o;}u/L, csf{ dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|;Fu
s[kfjfbsf] hgtfn] lj/f]w u5{g\ .
cfdhgtf / b]zsf nflu pleg] pgn] ;a} s'/f gj'em]/ xfjfsf] e/df !^ hgf sfo{stf{ clxn] klg h]ndf hf]l8Psf sfo{stf{ ltnsl;+x sfsL{n]
/ u'lnof s'/fdf b]z / hgtfsf] lj?4 /fv]sf] / b]znfO{ ;fd|fHojfbL / ;+ ; bLo cEof; / PsLs[ t
g]tfn] ;j{ky| d kl/jf/sf] df]x jf
cfzlQmaf6 d'Qm x'g'k5{ . cfhsf] gnfUg ;a}nfO{ clkn u/] . bnfnx?n] lg/f;flt/ lng vf]hk] lg hgqmflGtsf] cEof; b'j} lt/ nfu]sf
dxf;lrj ljKnj ;Ln] g]kfndf g]kfnsf o'jfx? lg/f; x'g gx'g] / dfcf]jfbLsf] pknlAw gePsf] lhls/
d' V o r' g f} l t eg] s } g] t f /
sfo{stf{kl| tsf] hgcljZjf;sf] xf] . kl5Nnf] /fhg}lts ;+s6sf] lgsf; g kl/jt{gsf nflu km]l/ klg uDeL/ eP/ u/] . pgn] cj Pstfj4 geP ;a}sf]
t /ljsf] af6f]n] x'g ;S5, g t )$& ;f]Rg cfu|x;d]t u/] . eljio gx' g ] t km{ ;r] t u/] .
hgtfsf] ljZjf; lhTgsf nflu klg
;fnsf] ;+ljwfgn] x'g ;S5, casf] o;}u/L, pQm sfo{qmddf dxf;lrj sfo{qmddf /fs]z bfxfn, k|sfz ljs,
g]tfx?n] s]xL Tofu ug'{kg]{ cj:yf lgsf;sf] cu|ufdL af6f] j}1flgs ljKnj ;LnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ljrf/wf/fsf d]3/fh x';g] nufotn] klg cfcfˆgf]
5 . k'/fgf g]tfx?n] s]xL klg Tofu
;dfhjfb dfq x'g ;Sg] atfP . pgn] g] t f tyf sfo{ s tf{ x ?n] ;a} wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf ;fGtf
ug{ g;s]sf] x'gfn] :jtGqx?sf] af9L g]kfndf cl:y/ /fhg}lts cj:yf dfcf]jfbLx? ;dfhjfb Nofpg] zt{df lwtfn, c~hgf u}/,] lqnf]rg nD;fn
cfPsf] xf] . Pdfn], g]sf+ / dfs]n]
cfpg' bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yf ePsf] Pstfj4 x'gk' g]{ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . / dxf]db/fh x';]g g]skfdf k|j]z
;+:yfut ?kdf s]xL gd'gf ufpF / bfjL ub}{ ;+;bLo Joj:yf abn]/ pgLx?n] dfcf]jfbLwf/sf ;a} kf6L{x?n] u/]sf 5g\ .
gu/sf] cjwf/0ff klg lbg g;Sg'
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