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I. Objectives
To proof the Kirchoff Voltage Law
To proof the Kirchoff Current Law
To apply potentiometer in a circuit
II. Scope
A. Theory
1. Kirchoff Current Law
Kirchoff Current Law expresses that the amount of current which get in to a
node is the same as the amount of current which get out from that node.
The relation of two or more components will result in branches (nodes) with the
direct graph drawn in the following figure:
I1 + I 3 = I 2 + I4 + I 5 (eq.4.1)
I1 I3
I4
I2 I5
Figure 4.1
2. Kirchoff Voltage
Law
Kirchoff Voltage Law expresses the total of voltage in a close loop is zero. So
the voltage from the power supply will divided to each components propotional
to the component resistance to the total resistance of the circuit.
R1 R2 R3
+ V1 - + V2 -+ V3 -
+ Vs1
-
Figure 4.2
-VS1 + V1 + V2 + V3 = 0 (eq.4.2)
Physics GuidanceTo analyze the circuit, the polarity should be noticed.
Computer Engineering Laboratory
Experiment 4 Page 1 of 6
3. Potentiometer
Potentiometer is a component which is functionately like a variable resistor that
resist current by its adjustable resistance. Potentiometer is the same as 2
resistors which are series connected and the resistive value of the potentiometer
can be adjusted. The resistive value of a resistor is on its body. Potentiometer
can be adjusted to change the resistive ratio of the two resistors. There are 2
kinds of potentiometer, logaritmic potentiometer and linier potentiometer. On
logaritmic potentiometer, the resistive change logaritmicly as it is turned per
degree. Whereas, on linier potentiometer, the resitive change constantly as it is
turned per degree. In this experiment, we will use the logaritmic one.
Figure 4.5
III. Devices
Digital Multimeter
Variable Power Supply
Potentiometer
Breadboard
Components: R = 120, 150,180,220,470, 1K, 2K, 4K7
LED, Potentiometer
_ _ 5 R5
D 220
B R4
22 G
30 H
X Y
Figure 4.6
Figure 4.7
1. Design the circuit in Figure 4.7 into a breadboard.
2. Connect the power supply to the circuit.
3. Adjust the power supply to 10V.
4. Measure the current and voltage in the circuit according to table 4.2.
Table 4.2
VPS I VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4
5V
10 V
+
VAB
-
+ A
+
VPS=10V VAC
-
- B +
C VBC
-
1K
A
Figure 4.8
Table 4.3
Potentiometer I VAB VBC VAC
CCW
Middle
CW