Smartphones Research Paper

ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM
Iloilo City
Smartphones: The preferences
and Performance Impact
in Gaming
A Research Paper
Presented to
the Faculty of the Iloilo Doctors’ College
Basic Education Department
Molo, Iloilo City
In partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the
Senior High School Program
By
Jezreel Job Morales Laniog
June2022
Iloilo City
Approval Sheet
A Research Paper for the
Completion of Requirements for
Senior High School
By
Jezreel Job Morales Laniog
Approved by the Research Committee:
MERRILY JANE A. PEDROSO

Research Teacher
CARYL C. CANSON
Class Adviser
RAMILYN DASMARINAS
Grammarian
PHILIP LOUISE A. TOLENTINO, MAED

Principal
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Acknowledgement
Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and
support are extended to the following persons who in one way or another have
contributed in making this study possible:
Mr. Philip Louise A. Tolentino, principal of the Iloilo Doctors’ College
Basic Education Department, for his untiring support and validation to this study.
Ms. Renz Genezera, a fellow classmate, for her untiring support in
making this study through correcting formats and terms and almost everything
else including sharing the survey of this study.
The Discord Community, community platform that, for willingly
participate the survey of this study and making the data possible.
Ms. Karen Montecastro, a fellow cousin, for the help on sharing the
survey of this study and participate in making the data possible.
Ms. Ramilyn Dasmarinas, English Critic, for her untiring support and
patience in correcting and editing this manuscript.
Mrs. Merrily Jane A. Pedroso, Research Adviser, for her support, and
guide, and correcting in the making of this manuscript.
To all of the Iloilo Doctors’ College students, for willingly participate
the survey of this study and making the data possible.
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Abstract
The researcher studied about the smartphone where it has an impact on
performance and preferences of the user when it comes to gaming. The study
conducted through online google form and was answered by the volunteered
respondents that are willingly to answer. Data was analyzed while using arbitrary
scale and majority and it gave the answer that different smartphones do have an
impact on performance and preferences of the user but solely depends on the
processor, quality, and hardware of the smartphones. It gives either highly
advantages or disadvantages that the hardware can handle well in certain
conditions and when it comes to gaming where FPS and latency matters which
depends on how powerful is the smartphone. Considering iPhone is the best bet
for gaming followed by a gaming brand called Asus ROG for its features for
gaming boosting the hardware to maximum.
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Table of Contents
Page
Title Page i
Approval Page ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v
List of Figures viii
List of Tables ix
List of Appendices xi
Chapter
1 Introduction to the Study 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the problem 4
Research Objectives 4
Hypothesis 5
Significance of the Study 5
Definition of terms 6
Scope and Delimitation 7
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Chapter
2 Review of the Literature 8
Introduction of the Chapter 8
Performance 8
Experience 10
Preferences 11
Summary 12
Chapter
3 Research Design and Methodology 14
Introduction to the Chapter 14
Research Design 14
Respondents of the Study 15
Sampling 16
Data Collection Techniques 16
Data Analysis 17
Chapter
4 Results and Discussion 18
Arbitrary Scale 18
Descriptive Analysis 19
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Chapter
5 Summary, Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations 32
Summary 32
Findings 33
Conclusions 34
Recommendations 35
References 37
Appendices 40
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List of Figures
Figure Title Page
1 The different types of gamers that participated
in the survey 21
2 The competitive games and genre and whether it
are demanding or not 22
3 The average frames per seconds when the
respondents play on their smartphone 25
4 Question has been asked on why they want this
kind of smartphone based on its features 28
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List of Tables
Table Title Page
1 Arbitrary scale table 1.0 19
2 Arbitrary scale table 2.0 20
3 The age of the respondents who participated in the
survey 20
4 The percentage of sex who participated in the survey 21
5 The smartphone units that the respondents currently
used to play games 24
6 The average latency of respondents’ smartphones while
playing online games 26
7 The smartphone brands mentioned by the respondents
if they had a chance to have a smartphone of their choice or
want 27
8 Another question has been asked if the smartphones
they mentioned have effects on such factors 27
9 The respondents were given only two choices on which
of the factors they preferred the most when it comes to
smartphones 29
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10 The respondents choose on what factors matter or do
not matter of the smartphones when it comes to gaming 29
11 The behavior and emotional changes of the respondents
experienced and the questions were based on the popular
problems and opinions when it comes to gaming 30
12 The agreement of the factors positive side if it has an
effect of the respondents’ advantage 31
13 The best brand of smartphones for gaming ranked
based on the experience of the respondents 32
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List of Appendices
Appendix Title Page
A Communication 42
B Research Instrument 46
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter consists of the main point of the research paper, its purpose,
and the goal of the research. It is divided into seven parts: Part one is the
Background of the Study which all about the smartphones and the importance on
how they work. Part two the Statement of the Problem that states the goal to
achieve in this research by answering the what questions. Part three the
Research Objectives creates an aim on what to achieve in this study. Part four
the Hypothesis determines that if preferences and experience of the smartphone
has a significant different when it comes to gaming. Part five the Significance of
the Study shows the importance of this study that may benefit in both non-
gamers to gamers and future researcher that relates to this topic. Part six the
Definition of Terms consists of words with meanings and purposes on this topic.
Part seven the Scopes and Delimitation taking on what to get from this study
what is being studied which is smartphones and its affect from factors.
Background of the Study
Smartphones have been around since it first surfaced in the market in
1992, 25 years ago (Verdict, 2017) and gaming has been around since October
1958 when a physicist created what is thought to be the first video game (APS,
2008). Video games evolve every year and are being included to almost all
gaming platforms such as computers or PC (Personal Computer), consoles, and

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eventually to smartphones. Gaming in smartphones popularized among children
and teens mostly at the young age and also took the interest of adults, and has
been already a decade since smartphones and app stores hit the market in 2007.
Since then, gaming has undergone yet another rapid evolution that has changed
not only the way people play games, but also brought gaming into the
mainstream pop culture in a way never before seen (Chikhani, 2015). The
gaming on smartphones evolves starting from casual games such as the popular
game Candy Crush, Cut the Rope, Temple Run, and Subway Surf where you play
puzzles and such for fun and killing time, to some very raging, adrenaline
rushing and intense competitive games such as Mobile Legends, Call of Duty:
Mobile, and League of Legends: Wild Rift. To make the best out of playing and
win every game on any competitive games, FPS (frames per seconds) and Ping
Latency matters in game. Any downgrade on these two, will affect the gaming
performance and experience.
FPS or “frames per seconds”, also known as “frame rate”, sometimes
known as “burst rate” or “update rate” is the frequency in which consecutive
series of frames or images can appear on a display panel. With a low frame rate
speed, you could end up experiencing choppy video quality. This might not be a
big deal to low-key gamers, but if the gamers are trying to make it to the big
leagues, one glitch can send the team to the bottom of the ranks. These factors
affect all platforms and devices including smartphones (Whaley, 2018). Latency
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on the other hand, commonly referred to as ping, refers to the total amount of
time that it takes for the gaming device to send data to the game server, and
then receive back on the device. Latency is measured in milliseconds (ms). In
the worst of cases, low ping can cause servers to short circuit, resulting in lag.
Too much lagging can make other players online angry. This is the easiest and
most frustrating “hack” most online gamers encounter (Williams, 2018). What
controls these two are mostly the hardware of smartphones, the processors to
be exact. Smartphone processors, also known as chipset or system-on-chipset
(SoC), is a component that controls everything going on in the smartphone and
ensures it functions correctly. (Jesper, 2021). It takes in the input from the
gamer and converts them into electronic signals and gives the desired output
(Krishna, 2016).
Nowadays, there are many brands when it comes to smartphones. Some
of them are sub-brands from a bigger brand with a different goal and some are
dedicated to gaming. Commonly known brands in the Philippines are Realme,
Xiaomi, Oppo, Samsung, and iPhone. Not to mention its local brand Cherry
Mobile, StarMobile, and MyPhone although not many buy those smartphones as
big brands are better with the almost the same price yet better hardware. There
are also now what are called gaming phones or smartphones which are mainly
focused on gaming. Tinkered and adjusted its hardware for the purpose of
gaming. People will have their own preferences on what smartphones or brands
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they want and use because of experience, cost, and the knowledge about it.
Some will have their own opinion and some will choose over the other because
of how it affects their experience. These are crucial factors when it comes to
gaming performance.
Statement of the Problem
This study was conducted to create a conclusion whether the preferences
and performance of the smartphone do effect on gaming performance and
experience, and which smartphone brands or units are better when it comes to
gaming. Thus, this study aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What smartphone unit or brand gives out the best performance when it
comes to gaming?
2. What are the most important factors of the smartphones that can be
considered in choosing and buying when it comes to gaming?
Research Objective
In this study, it accomplished its aim by meeting the following objectives:
1. Compare between smartphones brands, smartphones, and gaming
phones.
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2. Determine if smartphone performance and preferences do affect the
individual’s gaming performance.
3. Assess whether the gaming experience on smartphones causes the
individuals to decide which smartphone to use.
Hypothesis
Hypothesis 1
H1: There is a significant difference between the smartphone units and gaming
performance among the respondents who range from beginner to professional
gamer, between 18 and above, available in all sexes.
Hypothesis 2
H2: There is a significant difference between the smartphone units and user’s
preferences on gaming among the respondents who range from beginner to
professional gamer, between 18 and above, available in all sexes.
Significance of the Study
This study was undertaken to find out the opinions and get the
conclusion whether different smartphones units have an impact on preferences
and performance, and to gaming performance to the individuals as follows:
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Gamers. These are individuals who play games, commonly competitive games
to gain their knowledge and preferences when it comes to gaming. It may also
help them to decide which smartphones are the best.
Non-Gamers. These are individuals who may or may not play games, but have
a knowledge when it comes to gaming to gain their knowledge, opinions, and
preferences from their perspective when it comes to gaming. It may also interest
them that smartphones may or may not affect the gaming performance.
Future Researchers. This study may be useful in their future studies related to
gaming and performance of smartphones. Learning the possible effects of
hardware and the smartphone unit itself on gaming.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are being defined conceptually and operationally or
as used in the study.
Smartphone-- A handheld electronic device that provides a connection to a
cellular network. (Frankenfield, 2020). A device that can be used to play and run
different mobile games. The device that the respondent used in gaming to
determine the answers to be chose in the questions of the survey.
Gaming-- Refers to playing electronic games, whether through consoles,
computers, mobile phones or another medium altogether. (Techopedia, 2018).
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The main factor that will determine the performance of the respondents their
smartphone devices.
Performance-- How well a person, machine, etc. does a piece of work or an
activity (Cambridge, n.d). The areas that can impact game frame rate/FPS
include: System hardware, such as the graphics card, motherboard, CPU, and
memory. Graphics and resolution settings within the game. How well the game
code is optimized and developed for graphics performance (Klappenbach, 2020).
The factor that will determine the date and conclusion of this study through both
the respondents and their smartphone device.
Scope and Delimitation
This study focused on different smartphone and gaming smartphone
units and brands and their effects on individual's gaming performance depending
on their preferences, experiences, and performance of the smartphones. This
study provides an in-depth understanding on how these factors affect the
individual's gaming performance and whether beginner to professional gamers
have their own or the same opinions and preferences when it comes to
smartphone gaming. This study has the conclusion on what are the best choices
when it comes to smartphones and gaming.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Introduction to the Chapter
This chapter talked about the existing articles and papers regarding the
performance, experience, and preferences mostly in the perspective of a player
or individual. The extra information and literature regarding to the topic which
aids the support and increases the understanding of this study learning the what
causes the performances of either increases and decreases and the preferences
that may affect the users’ psychology. The literatures gathered are limited
therefore only a certain amount has been referenced.
Performance
The performance of the gamers will be determine based on the factor of
one's experience. This includes the FPS rate and the latency of the game. While
smartphone devices and PC (Personal Computer) devices are different, they still
have the same factors when it comes to gaming. From the article "Analysis of
Factors Affecting Players' Performance and Perception in Multiplayer Games"
written by Wolf, Dick, and Welknitz of the Technische Universität Braunschweig
in the October 11th of 2005, it has been concluded that even a little jitter or lag
can still hurt the gamer’s perception. Although this does not affect the gamer’s
score on winning, a noticeable lag can be impactful. This will cost the round in
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losing as the gamer will have a disadvantage because of latency. The delay will
be higher therefore in any competitive games, the gamer will either be dead or
miss the opportunity thus lowering the gamer’s performance.
One article written by Nalbhurber, Henze, and Schwind tested this kind of
setup where they are trying to increase the player's performance and gaming
experience in a high latency setup. There were 96 participants in the test
featuring 3 types of latency. +60 ms which is the average of a decent latency in
any multiplayer games, +120 ms which is noticeable delay in-game. Although
this is still considered as playable ping, it can be quite annoying and frustrating
as there will be more delay to input than what it shows on the screen. Then the
last is +180 ms which is likely unplayable in a competitive game. In this latency,
everything is delayed and sometimes glitch out. The movements in-game do not
or take a lot of time to update into the server thus it will only show as just
standing to other players although your POV shows you're moving but eventually
you will back to the last position until the server updates though that depends on
every game. In summary, they were able to show the negative latency effect
such as performance degradation.
Another factor of performance is the performance of the smartphone.
Although most games nowadays are not that demanding on processors, they still
need a decent mid-range processor to high-end processors to fully experience
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the gameplay especially when it comes to competitive games where FPS (Frames
per seconds) matter. The higher the smartphone processors, the higher the FPS
making it a smooth gameplay experience but one downside is that it can be very
expensive. Though Chinese market will try to create the same high-end phones
at the cheaper price, it will be a favor for hardcore gamers but doesn’t have a
budget for an expensive phone. In terms of your performance, frames per
second is even more important. The higher the frames displayed, the quicker
evidence and responsiveness you have to the inputs. A low FPS inflates the input
lag since even if there is little lag the game cannot display the input until all of
the frames of the movement have been rendered. (Best Gaming Settings, n.d.)
Experiences
When it comes to gaming experience, it always comes to how the player
enjoys or plays the game using a specific smartphone. To fully experience the
gameplay, it always depends on the FPS, latency, and refresh hertz of the
smartphone. The refresh rate measures how quickly the phone displays updates.
In other words, how often and quickly the content on the screen refreshes.
Measured in Hertz (Hz), the refresh rate counts the number of times the display
fully refreshes every second it is on. A 60Hz display refreshes 60 times per
second, 90Hz is 90 times per second, 120Hz is 120 times per second, and so on.
So, a 120Hz display refreshes twice as fast as a 60Hz panel, and 4x faster than
30Hz (Triggs, 2021). To make the gameplay smooth, the FPS of the game must
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be higher than the hertz of the screen. If the frame rate produced is different
(either higher or lower) than the refresh rate of the screen, one may experience
a glitch known as screen tearing, where information from two or more frames is
shown in a single screen draw (Fedorov, 2015). This will affect the visual
experience and can affect the game experience. It is also locally known as
“choppy” A slang word used to describe low FPS when playing. Choppy gaming
can affect the player’s experience by either degrading the player’s performance
or visuals, delaying or confusing the player’s decisions. These factors are
important when it comes to competitive games. A good frames per second rate
is quite important for gaming as it affects both the performance and the
experience. The ability to interact with the game and play your best is seriously
hampered by a poor frame rate, and enjoyment of a game will also be dented by
a low frame per second. Even if the player is not entirely aware of the difference
between frame rates, one would have probably noticed a slowdown or choppy
graphics that occur when a frame rate drops too far. These effects are a hassle,
and they make it difficult for a game to feel responsive. It can really contribute
to a sense of frustration in the way a game actually performs. (Best Gaming
Settings, n.d.)
Preferences
The preferences of an individual towards smartphones can depend on the
price, look, brand, and product features. An analysis in Malaysia on 2016 was
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conducted and given the conclusion of “all factors are related with one another
where consumers are willing to purchase a smartphone that has a high price due
to the fact that they believe that smartphone price and product features are
correlated with one another.” The preference is that they consider buying
expensive phones for product features rather than the look and feel of the
smartphone, this means that they are buying for performance of the phone.
They also willingly buy expensive smartphones for hardware and pretty much do
not care when it comes to the look and feel. This is a great factor as most high-
end smartphones are bulky or thicker than decent smartphones.
Summary
The performance solely depends in either the two: the user’s
performance which involves their gaming performance or how well they perform
and the smartphone performance which involves how the smartphone and its
hardware perform on playing games determining by the FPS and Latency of the
smartphone. Other researchers tested to see the effect of latency to the user’s
performance and based on their research, it has an impact to it regarding the
skill level of the user. Gaming experiences is considered as how one act mentally
and psychologically. It also varies depending on what type of the game being
played. It determines mostly on the visual effects such as increased hertz,
smoother display, and better resolution. A negative visual that can be
disadvantage to the player may change the overall experience and it can lead to
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negative emotions and behaviors. The preferences are based on every individual
with no exact good or bad but rather the majority. It will be based on the price,
features, and how they like the smartphones. Which some preferred to have
better processors and slick size and featherweight.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of six parts: Part one the Research Design where it
explains the use of exploratory research design on this topic. Part two the
Respondent of the Study and it involves the people who volunteered taking the
survey. Part three the Sampling used in this study is random stratified sampling
where the respondents are all volunteered randomly and group them to 5
different types of gamers. Part four the Data Collection Techniques used to
gather data was by through the google form with 18 questions in total. Part five
the Analytical Procedures where how much money it will cause for us to do the
research. Part six the Data Analysis with the technique of arbitrary scale to
determine the exact value of the data. Some questions will be based through the
major. This is the chapter of the main body and how the research will work and
conducted to achieve the goal and conclusion that we want.
Research Design
This study used an exploratory research design. A research design on
which it gives an exploration on why something occurs when limited information
is available. It can help increase the understanding of a given topic, ascertain
how or why a particular phenomenon is occurring, and predict future

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occurrences (George, 2021). Conducted for a problem that was not well
researched before, demands priorities, generates operational definitions and
provides a better researched model. This research design focused on explaining
the aspects of the study. The researcher started with a general idea and used
research as a tool that could lead to the subjects that would be dealt with in the
incoming future (Hyun, 2021).
This research study is about the phenomenon of whether different
smartphone units affect the performance of both the user and the smartphone
when it comes to gaming. This will deeply explain why it does happen and
whether it is an important factor and such, this kind of research is limited.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this study were 29 respondents from students of
Iloilo Doctors’ College, friends and relatives and their friends, and the discord
community that volunteered to take the survey who played any popular
competitive. Non-gamers or individuals who do not play any games or
competitive games also took the survey. The respondents were 10 years old and
above, both males and females
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Sampling
This study used stratified random sampling. This sampling is useful as
different types of gamers or subgroups have different opinions and preferences
on smartphones depending on their experiences on gaming on which the
researcher divides the population into subgroups:
1. Non-gamers- These are individuals who do not play any games or
competitive games.
2. Newbies- These are individuals who just started playing competitive
games.
3. Casual Gamers- These are individuals who frequently play competitive
games for fun and killing time.
4. Hardcore Gamers- These are individuals who always play competitive
games, commonly only one type of game and play to win and be better
rather than for fun and killing time.
5. Pro Gamers- These are individuals who commit to play competitive
games professionally to either be the best or make a living. They mostly
give all of their time to study deeper into the game to get the highest
chance of winning.
Data Collection Techniques
This study used an online survey using Google Forms which has four
pages. The first page is their personal information such as name for optional,
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age, sex, and the type of gamer they are. The second page is smartphone
information which is all about their smartphone units and easy technical
information such as average FPS and latency which is already known for gamers
who play online competitive games. The third page is a game that affects
gameplay which will justify whether the games they played will be affected by
the performance of the smartphone. The fourth page are their preferences on
the smartphones when it comes to gaming and lastly the experience they
encounter when playing online competitive games or just games. The survey was
conducted freely for one week prior to the release of the survey. The survey cost
as little to no expenses whatsoever and only uses a minimal amount of mobile
data and internet to answer. The researcher waited only until the 4th day of
release of the survey to examine and the expenses can be zero. Everything on
this research is free as much as possible and only takes a little bit of time.
Data Analysis
The data collected was summarized and to determine the majority of
data on which smartphone units/brand is mostly used and preferred to use by
the respondents may choose their choice of smartphone to buy or have if they
have a chance to. This provides that they have their preferences and knowledge
on what phone they use. Arbitrary scales were used for determining the
conclusion on Likert-scale questions in the survey. This helped strengthen the
current data closing to the specific answer for this study.
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CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter consist of results and discussion that shows the data
gathered from the survey and create a descriptive analysis. Two arbitrary scale
table was used for the Likert scale methods and pie charts for easy obtainable
percentage and frequencies.
Arbitrary Scale
The Likert-scale questions were calculated through an arbitrary scale to
determine the exact interpretation of the answers. The arbitrary scale table 1.0
and 2.0 will be the guide for determining the interpretation of the questions
through the calculation of mean.
Arbitrary Scale table 1.0
Range Interpretation
1.00 - 1.79 Strongly Disagree
1.80 - 2.59 Disagree
2.60 - 3.39 Maybe
3.40 - 4.19 Agree
4.20 - 5.00 Strongly Agree
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Arbitrary Scale table 2.0
Range Interpretation
1.00 - 1.79 Not at all
1.80 - 2.59 Very Rarely
2.60 - 3.39 Rarely
3.40 - 4.19 Sometimes
4.20 - 5.00 Always
The arbitrary scale table 1.0 was used for determining the agreement of
some Likert-scale questions in the survey and arbitrary scale table 2.0 was used
for determining the amount it happened that the respondents experienced.
Descriptive Analysis
Table 1.0: The age of the respondents who participated in the survey.
Age Percentage Frequency

10 - 18 28.6% 8
19 - 25 57.1% 16
25 - 30 14.3% 4
All of the respondents ranged from adolescents to early adulthoods in
total of 29 respondents. Eight of the respondents (28.6%) are young, aged 10 to
18 years old. Sixteen of the respondents (57.1%) were considered as young
adults that age from 19 to 25 years old and the rest of the 4 respondents
(14.3%) aged 25 to 30 years old are early adulthoods.
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Table 2.0: The percentage of sex who participated in the survey.
Sex Percentage Frequency

Male 37.9% 11
Female 62.1% 18
Respondents who mostly participated in the survey are female with 18
respondents (62.1%) and the rest of 11 respondents (37.9%) are male.
Figure 1.0: The different types of gamers that participated in the

survey.
The question has 5 options of what kind of gamers are the respondents.
In the figure 1.0, 69% of the respondents are just casual gamers that play for
fun and kill time. 13.8% are hardcore gamer who willingly plays the game to win
rather than to enjoy and the rest of the 17.2% respondents are non-gamer who
willingly participated in the survey but with no to little knowledge in gaming.
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Figure 2.0: The competitive games and genre and whether it is

demanding or not.
Figure 2.1
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Figure 2.2
The kind of game chosen was competitive games only as most of these
games are highly optimized for the best performance that a game can give to
ensure little to no error or bugs that can affect the gameplay in which at the end,
only the hardware of the smartphone will determine the handle of these games.
In Figure 2.0, the respondents mostly preferred MOBA games and FPS games
which had the same 41.4% respondents based on Figure 2.1. But most of them
mostly played the game called Mobile Legends: Bang Bang with 51.7%. As to the
mentioned games in Figure 2.1, the respondents choose Yes and it largely
affects their gameplay that depends what kind of smartphones they based on
Figure 2.2 with 44.8% of the respondents.
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Table 3.0: The smartphone unis that the respondents currently used to
play games.
Brand Model Frequency

iPhone 6+, 7, 8+, 11, 11 pro, 9
11 pro max, 12, X, XR
Infinix Note 10 pro 1
Motorola G5+, G7 Play 2
Poco F1, X3 2
Realme C11, C15, C21Y 3
Samsung J4+, J7 Core, A7, A11, 5
S8
Vivo Y12, Y31, Y91 3
Xiaomi 11T 1
Xiaomi Redmi Note 8T, Note 9 2
All respondents have their own different smartphone models but only 7
brands have been mentioned (Xiaomi Redmi is a sub-brand for Xiaomi). Most of
the respondents had an iPhone to play games with 9 respondents. Next is
Samsung with 5 respondents, followed by Realme and Vivo with 3 respondents
each, Then Motorola, Poco, and Xiaomi Redmi with 2 respondents each, and
lastly Infinix and Xiaomi with 1 respondent each. All of the models have been
arranged according to their date released and how powerful are the
smartphones.
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Figure 3.0: The average frames per seconds when the respondents play
on their smartphones.
It was intentionally to only have capped values with no range as most
smartphones determine their FPS on the hertz of their display. Although the
average may be a bit lower than the values mentioned, it is still unnecessary and
for better data calculation, capped values were applied. 41.4% of the
smartphones of the respondents have 60 FPS on average which is the common
average FPS on display. Among the respondents, 20.7% has the average FPS of
30, followed by the average FPS of 120 or more with 20.7% of the respondents,
10.3% of the respondents has an average of 90 FPS, and only 6.9% of the
respondents has an average of 25 FPS.
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Table 4.0: The average latency of respondents' smartphones while

playing online games.
Latency Percentage
1 - 20 ms 10.3%
21 - 45 ms 44.8%
46 - 90 ms 24.1%
91 - 120 ms 17.2%
121 ms or higher 3.4%
The latency of the smartphones while playing online games mostly
determines on their internet. But there are some cases that are caused by the
smartphone itself or the games that they are playing. However, the games they
played are already optimized therefore it should be dependent on the internet.
10.3% of the respondents experienced or had the average latency of 1 - 20 ms,
21 to 45 ms experienced by the 44.8% of the respondents. 46 to 90 ms was the
average latency of the 24.1% respondents, 91 to 120 ms experienced by the
17.2% respondents and the rest of the 3.4% of the respondents experienced
121 ms or higher.
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Table 5.0: The smartphone brands mentioned by the respondents if

they had a chance to have a smartphone of their choice or want.
Brand Frequency
Asus ROG 9
iPhone 9
Oppo 1
Samsung 1
Xiaomi 1
Xiaomi Redmi 1
Undecided or Current one 7
Most of the respondents wanted an Asus ROG (Republic of Gamers)
smartphone with the frequency of 9, same as iPhone. Table 5.0 also showed that
the respondents want Oppo, Samsung, Xiaomi, Xiaomi Redmi, and the rest of the
7 respondents were undecided or they just wanted their current smartphones
that they use.
Table 6.0: Another question has been asked if the smartphones they
mentioned have effects on such factors.
Option Percentage
Yes 86.2%
No 13.8%
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In table 6.0, 86.2% of the respondents chose yes that the smartphones
they picked affect their performance when playing and whether they like it or
not. The rest of 13.8% chooses no and does not affect at all.
Figure 4.0: Question has been asked on why they want this kind of
smartphone (refers to the table 5) based on its features.
3.4%
3.4%
6.9%
12 (41.4%) of the respondents chose these smartphones because of its
best processors than any other smartphones in the market. The other 11
(37.9%) of the respondents chose because of its better resolution and visual
display. 2 (6.9%) of the respondents mainly choses of its higher hertz or slick or
featherlight of the smartphones. The rest of the 1 (3.4%) of the respondents
each chose because of extra features or large battery capacity.
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Table 7.0: The respondents were given only two choices on which of
the factors they preferred the most when it comes to smartphones.
Choices Percentage Frequency

Cheaper Price & slick 6.9% 2
size and lightweight
Slick size and 58.6% 17
lightweight & better
processors
Better processors & 34.5% 10
cheaper price
The question in Table 7 was tallied manually in 3 different options.
Cheaper price with slick size and lightweight smartphones was chosen by 2
respondents (6.9%) which do not matter on how the smartphone processors
perform. Most of the 17 respondents (58.6%) want a smartphone that is slick
size and lightweight design with better to best processors and does not matter
on how expensive it gets. The rest of the 10 respondents (34.5%) chose better
processors but at cheaper prices and it does not matter if it's bulky and heavy.
Table 8.0: The respondents choose on what factors matter or do not

matter of the smartphones when it comes to gaming.
Factors Mean Interpretation

Processors 4.31 Strongly Agree
Size 4.10 Agree
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Table 8.1: Table 8 continuation.

Price 3.79 Agree
Quality 4.34 Strongly Agree
Hardware 4.24 Strongly Agree
Each of the factor of the smartphones determined if it matters when it
comes to gaming. Most of the respondents strongly agreed that Processors,
Quality, and Hardware are the most important and largely affected when it
comes to gaming. Most of the respondents only agree that Size and Price of the
smartphone does matter when it comes to gaming.
Table 9.0: The behavior and emotional changes of the respondents

experienced and the questions were based on the popular problems
and opinions when it comes to gaming.

High latency 4.14 Agree
Frame drops 4.17 Agree
Wishing for better 3.79 Agree
phone
Minding the problem 4.00 Agree
when playing
FPS affect their 4.34 Strongly Agree
gameplay
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Table 9.1: Table 9 continuation.

Latency affect their 4.31 Strongly Agree
gameplay
Screen hertz affect their 3.93 Agree
gameplay
The factors in table 9.0 were determining the experience of the
respondents when playing online competitive games. According to them, based
on their experience, FPS and Latency do largely affect their gaming performance
whether they will perform good or bad. Most of the respondents agreed that
high latency and frame drops affects their experience and they wish that they
have a better phone but altogether does not mind the problem they are having
when playing.
Table 10.0: The agreement of the factors positive side if it has an effect
of the respondents’ advantage.

FPS 4.28 Always
Screen hertz 3.90 Sometimes
Screen resolution 3.79 Sometimes
Latency 4.31 Always
Side-mounted keys 3.45 Sometimes
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The positive of these factors will determine if it is really advantageous for
the respondents when playing games. FPS and Latency always has an advantage
according to the respondents but screen hertz, screen resolution, and side-
mounted keys have an advantage sometimes.
Table 11.0: The best brand of smartphones for gaming ranked based on
the experience of the respondents
Rank Brands Frequency

1 iPhone 12
2 Asus or Asus ROG 5
3 Realme 4
4 Samsung 3
5 Vivo 2
6 Oppo 1
7 Xiaomi 1
- Undecided 1
According to the respondents based on their experience, the iPhone was
considered as the best brand of smartphones for gaming ranked number 1.
Followed by Asus or Asus ROG, a gaming brand, was considered to be the best
for 5 respondents. 4 of the respondents considered Realme the best and the rest
of the respondents considered Samsung, Vivo, Oppo, Xiaomi to be the best when
it comes to gaming.
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CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The chapter 5 was divided into 4 parts: Part one the Summary where
summarized the whole research from start to end of the study. Findings where
important values that gathered from the data are determined that it will answer
the conclusion. Part three the conclusion that explains and determine the answer
that was gathered and examine to answer the problems that the study was
made. Part four is the recommendation of this study that can be useful in other
related studies when it comes smartphones or performance and experience of
processing hardware.
Summary
The primary objective of this research is to determine whether different
smartphone units or brands do largely affect player performance based on the
smartphone performance, player experience, and preferences. Factors
determined to answer this question such as the best brand of smartphones,
hardware and technical values of the smartphones, preferences of the user, and
experience of the user. Since this kind of study is new and has a limited amount
that are related and the research design used for this study was exploratory
research design and as little to none was found. In this kind of study, the
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respondents were randomly selected but with different traits such as what type
of gamer they are and what games and genre they play. This determined the
knowledge on the factors related to this study. The answers were gathered
through an online survey in Google Forms with 18 questions in total and to get
the conclusion and gather the findings of this study. It was based on the
majority and arbitrary scale that was calculated in the Likert scale.
The result of the survey was summarized and the findings showed that
the important factors of preferred smartphones were the processor, the quality,
and the hardware. These were strongly agreed by the respondents. Also, the FPS
and Latency emerged as the most important factors that can always change the
performance of the user. It showed that different smartphone units and brands
do largely impact the performance in gaming both the user and the smartphone
itself. It is dependent on the processor of the smartphone and the overall quality.
The preferences can sometimes be advantageous to some certain aspect but it
always depends solely on the respondents.
Findings
1. The respondents mostly preferred to have Asus ROG and iPhone
smartphones in Table 5.0 and in Table 6.0 connecting to Table 5.0, 86.2% of
the respondents said Yes it affects their performance while playing.
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2. Whether they like it or not, 41.9% of the respondents preferred to choose
their smartphone for best processors available.
3. The respondents mostly played either MOBA or FPS games in Figure 2.0 but
mainly played Mobile Legends: Bang Bang based from Figure 2.1 and the
games mentioned, 44.8% Figure 2.2 said Yes that these games are
demanding that will depend on what kind of smartphone unit they use.
4. The respondents were willing to pay expensive smartphones for the slick and
lightweight design. Seventeen of the respondents (58.6%) preferred this
option in Table 7.0
5. The respondents strongly agreed that the processors, quality, and the
hardware of the smartphone greatly matter when it comes to gaming in
Table 8.0. This will be connected to Table 9.0 as FPS and Latency was also
strongly agreed by the respondents that it affects their gameplay experience
and Table 10.0 as it always had an advantage of the player when playing if
the FPS and Latency are on the positive side.
6. The best smartphone based from on 12 respondents that turned out the
majority was the iPhone in Table 11.0.
Conclusions
The different kinds of smartphone units do largely affect the user’s
experience based on how much FPS (Frames per second) they have and how
stable and lower are their latency while playing online competitive games. These
types of games are used as they are highly optimized therefore only true values
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are always shown. Based on the respondents, preferences do matter in some
cases such as the hertz and resolution which give a better visual for gaming and
some can be advantageous such as side-mounted keys which are mostly
available only in gaming smartphones. These side mounted keys are great for
playing FPS or TPS games for scoping and shooting, reducing the hardship of the
popular 4 fingers while playing the game. Considering the slick and lightweight
design with high end processors is the best choice for gaming only if willingly to
pay such a large amount of money. High end processors are powerful and can
increase FPS and reduce latency and can also run almost anything at ease
therefore playing games will face no problems but these smartphones with high
processors are very expensive. Gaming smartphones are gaining popularity,
specifically the Asus ROG but overthrown by the iPhone for their slick design with
high end processors which was considered by most of the respondents’
preferences and based on their experience. The iPhone also has the best visual
display in the market with other best features such as camera and simplistic
advanced operating software which can be advantageous as there will be only a
small window in errors and problems.
Recommendations
This study will give a wide variety of research that relates in terms of
performance of both the user and the devices and the preferences of the user
that affects psychologically. The facts are already shown in the survey that
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performances of the user will have an impact in gaming that depends on the
devices important factors mentioned, and the preferences of the user that will
may be a crucial factor in the market of smartphones or any related
technologies. This study will help fill up the void of fact-needed opinions based
from the people that future researchers are needed. This study recommends to
gamers who wants to know about game changing factors when it comes to
gaming and the advantages that they need in buying a smartphone. This is also
recommending to non-gamers in finding answers on how different important
factors of their smartphone can affect their overall experiences.
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References
Best Gaming Settings. WHY IS FRAMES PER SECOND SO IMPORTANT IN
GAMING? Best Gaming Settings.
Cambridge. PERFORMANCE, Cambridge.
Chikhani, R. (2015). The History of Gaming: An Evolving Community,
TechCrunch.
Chodos, A., Tretkoff, E., Oullette, J., and Ramlaga, N. (2008). October
1958: Physicist Invents First Video Game, APS News, Vol. 17, No.
9.
Collins (2010). Experience. Collins.
Collins (2010). Preferences. Collins.
Cyber Definitions. HACKS. Cyber.
Dick, M., Wellnitz, O., and Wolf, L. (2005). Analysis of Factors Aﬀecting
Players’ Performance and Perception in Multiplayer Games, Doi:
10.1145/1103599.1103624.
Fedorov, N. (2015). Frame Rate (FPS) vs Refresh Rate (Hz), AVADirect.
Frankenfield, J., Estevez, E., and Jacksons, A. (2020). Smartphones,
Investopedia.
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George, T. and Merkus, J. (2021). Explanatory Research | Definition,
Guide, & Examples, Scribbr.
Hyun. Explanatory Research | The Ultimate Guide [2021]. Scholarship
Fellow.
Jesper (2021). What is a smartphone processor and what does it do?
CoolBlue.
Klappenbach, M. and Duve, K. (2020). Understanding and Optimizing
Video Game Frame Rates, Lifewire.
Klimmt, C., Blake, C., Hefner. D., Vorderer, P., and Roth, C., Player
Performance, Satisfaction, and Video Game Enjoyment, ICEC
2009, LNSIA, Vol. 5709, pg; 1-4.
Krishna, A. (2016). What does a processor do in a smartphone and what
is it? Quora.
Lynn, D. (2012). What Is 'The Game Experience'? Game Developer.
Owen, P. (2016). What Is a Video Game? A Short Explainer, THE WRAP.
Roseli, N.H.M, Azhar, S.N.F.A, Samsudin, S.H., Johari, F.S., and Ismail,
W.M.W., An Analysis on the Preferences of Smartphone that
Affects Consumers Buying Decision in Selected Higher Education
Institutions in Malaysia,
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International Academic Research Journal of Business and Technology
2(2) 2016 Page 91-95, pg; 2-5.
Techopedia (2011). Lag. Techopedia.
Techopedia (2018). Gaming: What does gaming mean? Techopedia.
Triggs, R. (2021). Refresh rate explained: What does 60Hz, 90Hz, or
120Hz mean? Android Authority.
Verdict (2017). The smartphone turns 25: here are the five major
milestones of the device, Verdict.
Whaley, S. (2018). What is Frame Rate and Why is it Important to PC
Gaming? HP.
Williams, P. (2018). Gaming Latency Test: What is a Good Latency for
Gaming? Bandwidth Place.
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APPENDICES
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Appendix A
Communications
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May 6, 2022
MR. PHILIP LOUSIE A. TOLENTINO

Principal – Basic Education Department
Iloilo Doctors’ College
West Avenue, Molo, Iloilo City
Sir:
Warmest Greetings!
In partial fulfillment of our subject Research Report, a Grade XII – Garnet

student STEM in Iloilo Doctors’ College has conducted research entitled,
“Smartphone: The Preferences and Performance Impact in Gaming”.
In accordance to this, I would like to ask to have the approval of your good
office to allow me to conduct my research study within your vicinity. All
information gathered will remain confidential and only for academic purposes.
The data will be kept and I will be responsible for it.
I believe that you will approve my request and complete my requirements in the
subject Research Report and I highly appreciate your response to this request.
Thank you and God Bless!
Respectfully yours,
(SGD.)
JEZREEL JOB LANIOG
Researcher
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May 6, 2022
MS. RAMILYN DASMARINAS

English Teacher
Ma’am:
Warmest Greetings!

Hence, I hereby humbly requesting you to be the grammarian for my study to

fulfill the requirements. The contents are divided into five parts: (1) Numerical
and Referencing, (2) Abbreviation used, (3) Arbitrary Scale Result, (4) Grammar,
and (5) The sentences within the study are grammatically correct. I believe that
your skill and knowledge will help me improve my study.
I highly appreciate your response to this request. Thank you and God Bless!
Respectfully yours,
(SGD.)
JEZREEL JOB LANIOG
Researcher
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May 6, 2022
MERRILY JANE A. PEDROSO

Research Teacher
Iloilo Doctors’ College
West Avenue, Molo, Iloilo City
Ma’am:
Warmest Greetings!

The focus of this study is to explore the phenomenon whether different

smartphones depending on the unit or the brand will have an impact in gaming
through the performance both of the user and the smartphone and the
preferences of the user will change the experience in gaming whether it also has
an impact in gaming performance. This study will use an exploratory research
design as the method for this study. The data will be gathered through online
survey or Google Form with 18 questions in total and will be summarized and
analyzed to gather findings and create the solution for the research questions.
The respondents will be respected when it comes to their personal information
as it is optional to be an anonymous.
All information gathered will remain confidential and only for academic purposes.
The data will be kept and I will be responsible for it and I highly appreciate your
response to this request.
Thank you and God Bless!
Respectfully yours,
(SGD.)
JEZREEL JOB LANIOG
Researcher
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Appendix B
Research Instrument
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Direction: Please fill out the necessary information needed.
Name: (Optional)
Age:
Sex:
• Male
• Female
Type of Gamer
• Non-gamer
• Newbie
• Casual gamer
• Hardcore gamer
• Pro gamer
Smartphone Information
1. Smartphone unit that you use the most to play games or for gaming.
2. Average Frames per second.
• 25
• 30
• 60
• 90
• 120 or more
3. Average Latency.
• 1 to 20
• 21 to 45
• 46 to 90
• 91 to 120
• 121 or more
Game Affects Gameplay
1. Competitive Games’ Genre

• FPS or First Person Shooter
• TPS or Third Person Shooter
• MOBA or Multiplayer Online Battle Arena
• Other…
2. Competitive Games
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• Mobile Legends: Bang Bang

• League of Legends: Wild Rift
• PUBG Mobile
• Call of Duty: Mobile
• Other…
3. Regarding to the chosen game above, is it a demanding game that
largely affect your gameplay when you have either low-end or high-end
smartphones?
• Not at all
• No
• Maybe
• Yes
• Very Much
Preferences Survey
1. If you have given a chance to have a smartphone that you want for
gaming, what would it be?
2. Regarding to the question above, choose one factor below on why did
you pick this kind of smartphone.
• Slick of featherlight
• Best processor
• High hertz
• Large battery capacity
• Better resolution and visual
• Extra features and such as side-mounted keys, built-in fans, etc.
• Camera, mic, and speaker
3. In the chosen option above, does this affect your gaming performance
and whether you like it or not?
• Yes
• No
4. Choices on Preferences
• Cheaper price
• Slick size and lightweight
• Better processor
5. Matters on Smartphone
Questions/Interpretation Strongly Agree Maybe Disagree Strongly

agree disagree
Smartphone processors
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matters when it comes to

gaming.
The size of a smartphone
gaming.
The price of a smartphone
gaming.
The quality of smartphone
gaming.
The hardware of a
smartphone matters when it
comes to gaming.
Experience Survey
1. Behavior and Emotional changes
Questions/Interpretation Always Sometimes Rarely Very Never

Rarely
Do you get frustrated when
having high latency?
Do you get frustrated when
having frame drops?
Do you ever wish that you
have a better phone?
Do you ever care when
having problems on your
phone while playing?
Do frame drops affect your
gameplay experience?
Do high latency affects your
Do hertz affects your
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2. Do these factors affect your advantages when playing?
Questions/ Strongly Agree Maybe Disagree Strongly

Interpretation Agree Agree
FPS
Screen Hertz
Screen resolution
Latency
Side-mounted keys
3. Based on your experience, what is the best brand to use or buy for
gaming?
• Realme
• Vivo
• Transission
• Oppo
• iPhone
• Other…
50

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ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Smartphones: The preferences

and Performance Impact

the Faculty of the Iloilo Doctors’ College

Basic Education Department

Molo, Iloilo City

of the requirements for the

Senior High School Program

Jezreel Job Morales Laniog

A Research Paper for the

Completion of Requirements for

Senior High School

Jezreel Job Morales Laniog

Approved by the Research Committee:

MERRILY JANE A. PEDROSO

PHILIP LOUISE A. TOLENTINO, MAED

Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and

contributed in making this study possible:

Mr. Philip Louise A. Tolentino, principal of the Iloilo Doctors’ College

Ms. Renz Genezera, a fellow classmate, for her untiring support in

else including sharing the survey of this study.

The Discord Community, community platform that, for willingly

survey of this study and participate in making the data possible.

patience in correcting and editing this manuscript.

guide, and correcting in the making of this manuscript.

To all of the Iloilo Doctors’ College students, for willingly participate

the survey of this study and making the data possible.

The researcher studied about the smartphone where it has an impact on

processor, quality, and hardware of the smartphones. It gives either highly

advantages or disadvantages that the hardware can handle well in certain

gaming boosting the hardware to maximum.

List of Figures viii

1 Introduction to the Study 1

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the problem 4

Significance of the Study 5

Scope and Delimitation 7

2 Review of the Literature 8

Introduction of the Chapter 8

3 Research Design and Methodology 14

Introduction to the Chapter 14

Respondents of the Study 15

Data Collection Techniques 16

4 Results and Discussion 18

Introduction to the Chapter 18

5 Summary, Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations 32

Introduction to the Chapter 32

Figure Title Page

1 The different types of gamers that participated

2 The competitive games and genre and whether it

are demanding or not 22

3 The average frames per seconds when the

respondents play on their smartphone 25

4 Question has been asked on why they want this

kind of smartphone based on its features 28

Table Title Page

1 Arbitrary scale table 1.0 19

2 Arbitrary scale table 2.0 20

3 The age of the respondents who participated in the

4 The percentage of sex who participated in the survey 21

5 The smartphone units that the respondents currently

used to play games 24