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k e b a i k a ny a n g b e s a r u n t u k n y ad i a a k a n m e m b e r i n y ak e f a h a n r a n y a n g m e n d a l a n r d i d a l a n r
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o r a n g . S a i a hs a t u n y a a d a l a h a h l i i b a d a t d a n s e e r a n g l a g i a d a l a h a h l ii l n r ul a i uR a s u i u l l ash. a . w .

b e r s a b d a ," l ( e l e b i h a na l r l i i l n r u k e a t a s a h l i i b a d a t a d a l a h s e p e r t i k e l e b i h a n kkue a t a y
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k e l e b i h a n a h l i l l m u t e r u t a m a n y a i l m u a g a m a . U n t u k m e m a h a m i i l m u y a n g d i t i n g g a l k a no l e h

R a s u l u l l a hs . a . w .t e r s e b u t m a k a s e m e s t i n y am e m p u n y a i p e r a l a t a nu n t u k m e n g u a s a i n y aK, e r a n a

i t u l a h s e t e n g a hu l a m a m e m b a h a g i k a ni l m u i t u k e p a d ad u a b a h a g i a n .P e r t a m ai l m u m a b a d i ' i a i t u

i l m u a s a s d a n k e d u a l l m u m a q a s i d i a l t u i l r n u y a n g d l m a k s u d k a na t a u y a n g m e n j a d i m a t l a m a t

d a r i p a d a m e m p e l a j a r ii l m u y a n g p e r t a m a . S e s e o r a n gi t u t l d a k a k a n d a p a t m e n g u a s a i l m u y a n g

k e d u a s e l a g i m a n ad i a t i d a k m e n g u a s a i l m u p e r t a m a . l n i k e r a n a i l m u p e r t a m a t e r u t a m a n y ai l m u

n a h u a d a l a h m e r u p a k a n m u k a d d i m a h k e p a d a s u a t u y a n g w a j i b s e b a g a i m a n ay a n g d i s e b u t k a n

o l e h l b n u A b d i s S a l a md i a k h i r k i t a b Q a w a ' i d n y ai a i t u , " s e s L r n g g u h n ym
a e n y l b u k k a nd i r i d e n g a n

i l m r - rn a h u y a n g d a p a t d i t e g a k k a n k a l a r n u l l a hd e n g a n n y a d a n k a l a m R a s u l n y as . a . w . a c j a l a l r

m e r u p a k a n p e n d a h u l u a nk e p a d a s u a t u V a n g w a j i b , k e r a n a m e m e l i h a r as y a r i a t i t u a d a l a h s u a t u

y a n g w a j i b y a n g m a n a i a n y at i d a k d a p a t d i e l a k k a nk e c u a l i d e n g a n n y a( i l m u n a h u ) " 3 .

i l m u p e r t a m a i a i t u i l m u m a b a d i ' a d a l a h i l m u - i l m u a s a s d i c l a l a m i l m u a g a r n ay a n g t e r d i r i

d a r i p a d a i l n r u b a h a s a s e p e r t i n a h u , s a r a f, I ' r a b , b a l a g h a h d a n s e b a g a i n y a ,i l m u ' a c 1 l si e p e r t i

m a n t i q , i l m u u s u l s e p e r t i u s u l f i q h , u s u l t a f s l r , u s u l h a d i t h d a n s e b a g a i n y aM
. a n a k a l ai l m u k e d u a

p u l a i a i t u i l m u m a q a s i da d a l a hi l m u y a n g m e r u p a k a nm a t l a m a t d a r i l m u p e f t a m a i a i t ui l m u - i l m u

y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i i l m u t a u h i d , h u k u m - h u k u m , m a s a l a h - m a s a l a yha n g d i s i m p u l k a nd a r i a l - Q u r a n

d a n h a d i t h R a s u l .D a n s e m u a n y a a d a l a h m e r u j u k k e p a d a u n t u k m e m a h a m i l s i k a n d u n g a na l -

Quran dan hadith. Namun begitu bagi orang yang hanyalah mahu nrenjaCiikap
nembacaan

r a b a w i s e b a g a ip e m e n u h h a r i - h a r i n y a ,
s u n n a h n a b a w i y y a h ,k e h i d u p a nb e r s a m a k h a b a r - k h a b a n

sudah menjadi suatu yang mulia dengan adat dan kebiasaantersebut walaupurr tanpa

r n e n g u a s a ik e d u a - d u a i l m u t e r s e b u t . T e t a p i b a g i o r a n g y a n g m a h u m e n g k h u s u s k a nd i r i n y a

u n t L l k i l m u s u n n a h n a b a w i y y a h i n i , m e n g e i u a r k a nl c e s i m p u l a na t a u p u n f a t w a d a r i p a d a l < a l a m

A l l a h s e r t a R a s u lk e p a d aa w a m , r n e n g a J adr a n s e b a g a i n y as a n g a t l a ht e r c e l a k a l a u l a ht i d a k d a p a t

m e n g u a s a ik e c i u a - d u ab i d a n g i l m u t e r s e b u t .

1: Kepentlnsan
ilmu alat dan kesaniikatldak menquasalnva,

y a n gt e l a hd i k e m u k a k adnl a t a s ,u n t u km e m a h a mhl a d i t hs e r t aa l - q u r a sn e s e o r a n g
Sebagaiman

i t u m e s t i l a hm e m p e l a j a rsi e r t a m e n g u a s ai il m u - i l m ua s a st e r u t a m a n y ab e r k e n a a nk a e d a h

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k e p e n t i n g a nt e r s e b u t . D i s i n i a k a n d i k e r n u k a k a ns e b a h a g i a nd a r i p a d a k a t a - k a t au l a m a
berkenaanl<epentingan
tersebut.

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d e n g a n n y ad a p a t d i f a h a m i k i t a b y a n g m a h a m u l i a , i l m u - i l m u n y ay a n g t e l a h d i b u k u k a n
c j a na k u
t i d a k r r r e n d a h u l udi a l a m p e n u l i s a n n y a f, e q a h y a n g m a n a o r a n g y a n g j a h i l t e n t a n g n y a
bagaimana
d i a a k n n m e m p e r o l e h i k e t i n g g i a n d a n d a y a r n e m b e z a ,b a h a s a y a n g m e r u p a k a n p a k s i
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nahu clengan
b a n y a k k e g e l i n c i r a nd a n h a d i t h t i d a k s e s u a i b a g i o r a n g y a n g b a n y a k m e l a k u k a n
k e s i l a p a r r( c l i
dalam nahu dan l'rob) serta ilmu-ilmu yang lain seperti ma'ani dan bayan yang
merupakan
p e n j e l a sk e p a d a k e t i n g g i a nk i t a b d a n h a d i t h a .

r . 2 : J a h i zm e n u k i l k a nd i d a l a m k i t a b n y a b a h a w a A y y u b A s - s a k h t i y a nbi e r k a t a ,

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m e n i n g g a l k a n n yaad a l a hk e a i b a nk e p a d ao r a n g y a n g m u l i a " .S a y y i d i n a
Umar r.a. berkata,
" B e l a j a r l anha h us e b a g a i m a nkaa m ub e l a j a sr u n n a hd a nf a r a i d h " 5 .

1 . 3 :D i d a l a mS u b h t t l A ' s ypae n g a r a n g n ymae n u l < i l k ak n

a t a - k a tiam a mM a l i ky a n gb e r b u n y i ,

\d- ,*(::J{ lJ*t' Yi Ot*IJl p +rro)r

" l ' r o b a d a l a h p e r h i a s a nl i d a h ,j .a n g a n l a hk a m t . r n e n g h a l a n gl i d a h d a r i p a d ap e r h i a s a n n y a " o .

1 . 4 .S a y y i d i n aU m a r r . a .b e r l < a t a ,

rrlrnJt0J^lrJ t f i;*lt1 ,*l-llS;"'.llt l-iCd

B e r m a k s u d , " B e l a J a r l a hb a h a s a, f a r a i d h d a n s u n n a h s e b a g a i m a n ak a m u m e r n p e l aj a r i a l -

q u r an " 7 .

A b r - r ' U b a i d b e r k a t a b e r k e n a a n k a t a - k a t a S a y y i d i n a U m a r r . a . i n i , " B e l a j a r l a h" a l - l a h n " i a i t u

k e s i l a p a nd i d a l a m b a h a s as u p a y ak a m u d a p a t m e m e l i h a r ad i r i d a r i p a d a n y a " 8 "

1 . 5 . U l a r n a t e i a h m e m b u a t p e l b a g a ip e r u m p a m a a n t e r h a d a p o r a n g y a n g m e m p e l a j a r i h a d i t h

t e t a p i t i d a kr n e m p u n y a i a s adsi d a l a m b a h a s aa r a b .A n t a r a n y aa d a l a hs e p e r t ib e r i k u t ,

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perumpamaanna
yad a l a hs e p e r t l s e o r a nyga n gm e m a k a i t o ptie t a p i t i d a km e m p u n y akie p a d a " .
b e r k a t a", P e r b a n d i n g aonr a n gy a n gb e l a j a rh a d i t ht e t a p it i d a km e n g e r t i
H a m m a a db i n S a l a m a h

n a h u a d a l a hs e p e r t ih i m a ry a n g d i g a n t u n g k apna d a n y ag u n i m a k a n a nt e t a p it i a d a b a r l i{ a t a u

g at c a n a nd)i d a l a r n n y a " e ,
sebaranm

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1 . 6 .l m a m S y a t h i bki e t i k am e m b i n c a n g k at n

u n t u km e r r r b e r i l <lac rerf a h a m akne p a d am u k a l l adf a n i a n y am e n g a n d u n b

gei berapa
m a s a l a hL.a l u
p e r t a m ad e n g a nk a t a n y a :
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M a s a l a h p e r t a r n a ,s e s u n g g u h n y as y a r i a t y a n g p e n u h k e b e r k a t a ni n i a d a l a h d a l a m b a h a s a a r a b

s e r t a t i a d a r u a n g u n t u k l i d a h - l i d a h ' a j a m . S e s u n g g u h n y aa l - Q u r a n t i a d a d i d a l a m s a t u p u n

k a l i m a h ' a j a m d i s i s i s a t u g o l o n g a n u l a r n a u s u l a t a u d i d a l a m n y a t e r d a p a t l a f a z - l a f a z' a j a m y a n g

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y a n g d l j a d i l c a ns e b a g a i a r a b y a n g b u k a n b e r a s a l d a r i k a l a m n y a . P e r b a h a s a nd a r i s u d u t i n i

b u k a n l a h m a k s u d u n t u k d i b i n c a n g k a nd i s i n i . P e r b a h a s a ny a n g d i m a l c s u d k a d
ni s i n i a d a l a h

s e s u n g g u h n y aa l - Q u r a nt u r u n d e n g a n l i d a h a r a b s e c a r al < e s e l u r u h a n n y a
M.a k a t u n t u t a n u n t u l <

r n e m a h a m i n y a h a n y a l a h m e l a l u i j a l a n i n i s a h a j a ( b a h a s aa r a b ) k e r a n a A l l a h t a a l a b e r f i r m a n

" s e s u n g g u h n y aK a m i m e n u r u n k a n k i t a b i t u s e b a g a iQ u r a n y a n g d i b a c a d e n g a n b a h a s aA r a b " ,

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l a g i " ( P a d a h a l ) b a h a s ao r a n g y a n g m e r e k a s a n d a r k a nt u d u h a n k e p a d a n y ai t u i a l a h b a h a s aa s i n g ,

s e d a n gA l - Q u r a ni n l b e r b a h a s aA r a b y a n g f a s i h n y a t a " d a n f l r m a n n y a" D a n k a l a L r l aA
h l - Q u r a ni t u

l ( a m i j a d i k a n ( b a c a a n )d a l a m b a h a s a a s i n g , t e n t u l a h m e r e k a a k a n b e r k a t a : M e n B a p a t i d a k

d i j e l a s k a na y a t - a y a t n y a( d a l a m b a h a s ay a n g k a m i f a h a m i ) ? P a t u t k a h K i t a b l t u b e r b a h a s aa s i n g

s e d a n gR a s u l y a n gm e m b a w a n y ab e r b a n g s aA r a b ? " s e r t a a y a t - a y a ty a n g l a i n y a n g m e n u n j u k l < a n

b a h a w a a l - Q u r a ni t u a d a l a h b e r b a h a s aa r a b d a n d e n g a n l i d a h a r a b s e r t a b u k a n ' a j a m d a n b u k a n
'ajam.
dengan lidah M a k a s e s i a p ay a n g m a h u m e m a h a m l n y a m a k a m e s t i l a h d i f a h a m i m e l a l u i

l i d a h a r a b d a n t i a d a r u a n g u n t u k m e m a h a m i n y as e l a l nd a r l p a d aj a l a n i n i 1 0 .

U n t u k m e m a h a m i s y a r i a t b u k a n h a n y a m e l a l u i a l - Q u r a nt e t a p i J u g a h a d i t h t t J a bsi . a . w . . k e r a n a

i t u t i d a k d a p a t t i d a k p e n g u a s a a nt e r h a d a p b a h a s aa r a b d e n g a n s e g a l ak a e d a h n y aa d a l a h m e s t i

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s e s e o r a n gk a m u b i l a i a m e n l n g g a ld r . r n i ad i b e n t a n g k a nk e p a d a n y at e m p a t t i n g g a l n y ap a g i d a n

p e t a n g . J i k a l a u d i a a d a l a h a h l i s y u r g a m a k a ( y a n g d i b e n t a n g k a nk e p a d a n y a )a d a l a h ( t e r r r p a t

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d i t e m p a t n y a .D a n t a q d i r u n t u k k e d u a - d u ay a n g d i b u a n gt e r s e b u t a d a l a h" - [ i t l o , f ) - , J t t " .

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i adithdengan

l e b i h m e n d a l a m .D i s i n i a k a nd i l < e m u k a k abne b e r a p ac o n t o hd a r i p a d a n y a .

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i i l a m a n as e s e o r a n g

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a dan tinggi
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s e j a g ayt a n gs e p a t u t n y a
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b a l k k e a d a a nh i d u p b a g i m a n u s l aa d a l a hs e o r a n gy a n g m e m e g a n gk e k a n gk u r i a n y a i, a t e r b a n g 1 1 i

a t a s b e l a k a n g n y a ( b e r s e g e r a ) .B l l a m a n a i a m e n d e n g a r t e r i a k a n ( s e r u a nj i h a d ) i a t e r b a n g

( b er s e g e r a )k e a r a h n y a " . r '

Nabi s.a.w. menyerupakan larian kuda di dalam hadis ini dengan terbang burung dengan

m e r n i n j a m k a np e r k a t a a nt e r b a n g u n t u k l a r i a n l < u d a .D i d a l a m h a d i t h i n i " m u s t a ' a r l a h u " a t a u

" m u s y a b b a h "( y a n g d i p i n j a m a t a u y a n g d i s e r u p a k a n a
) d a l a h l a r i a nk u d a . " M u s t a ' a r m i n h u " a t a u

" m u s y a b b a h b i h " ( y a n g d i s e r u p a k a nd e n g a n n y a ) 3a0d a l a h p e n e r b a n g a nb u r u n g . p e r k a r a y a n g

r n e n g h i m p u n k a nk e d u a - d u a n y a i a i t u " m e r e n t a s i j a r a k d e n g a n c e p a t " d i a m b i l d a r i m a k n a

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( h a k i k i k) e r a n ah u b u n g a nk e s e r u p a a nC. o n t o hs e p e r t l l a f a z" s i n g a "p a d ak a t a - k a t a" a k u m e l i h a ts i n g a
memanah"M . a k a l a f a zs i n g ad i g u n a k a np a d as e o r a n gy a n gd i s e r u p a k adne n g a nb i n a t a n gb u a sy a n g
k h u s u sd e n g a nk e b e r a n i adna n q a r i n a hd i s i n i a d a l a hl a f a z" m e m a n a h " .
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b e r l ar i . 3 t

2 . 2 . 3 . D a n b a n y a k l a g i p e n g g u n a a n b a l a g h a h d i c j a l a m h a d i t h s e p e r t i k i n a y a h 3 2m
, a i a z 3 3d a n

s e b a g ani y a ,

2 . 3 : l s t i l a l rm a n t i q y a n g t e r d a p a t d i d a l a m h a d i t h R a s u l u l l a hs . a . w . P e n g u a s a a nt e r h a d a p i s t i l a h -

i s t i l a hn r a n t i q a k a n m e m b a w a k e p a d a p e m a h a m a n y a n g l e b i h t e p a t . A n t a r a n y a :

2 . 3 . L :P e n g g u n a a ni s t i l a h" u m u m d a n k h u s u s "d i a n t a r a d u a n i s b a hs e b a g a i m a n a
y a n gt e r d a p a t

d i d a l a m h a d i t h - h a d i t hs e p e r t id i b a w a h ,

2 . . 3L , 1 "l:. l a d i t hy a n g d i k e m u k a k a no l e h l r n a m B u k h a r i d i d a l a n rb a b T a k h f i f ua l w u c l h u '

H a f i d zl b n u H a j a r k e t i k a r n e n s y a r a h k ahna d l t h t e r s e b u tm e n g e m u k a k adni d a l a m k i t a b r r y a

s e b a g a i m a nbae r i k u t :

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u n t u k n y ad i s a n r p i n gh a r u sm e m a k s u d k a m n a k n aa s a l n y a .
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l a i t u : S u f y a n s e r i n g b e r k a t a , " K a d a n g - k a d a n gi a t i d u r d a n k a d a n g - k a d a n gi a m e n g l r l n g "

s e d a n g k a nl < e c l u a n ybau k a n l a h p e r l ( a t a a ny a n g m e m p u n y a i m a k n a y a n g s a m a b a h k a n d i a n t a r a

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s a l a h s a t u ( p e r k a t a a n )d i t e m p a t y a n g s a t u l a g i , b a h k a n b i l a m a n a d i a m e r i w a y a t k a n h a c J i t h

d e n g a n p a n j a n gd i a b e r k a t a ' m e n g i r i n gl a l u d i a t i d u r ' s e b a g a i m a n ah a d i t h s e t e r u s n y ad a n b i l a

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c l a l a mk e a d a a nt i d u r 3 a .

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dalarn memberikan nlsbah kepada dua perkataan iaitu "naama dan idhtoja'a" untul<lebih

m u d a h d i f a h a m i . Y a n g d i m a k s u d k a nd e n g a n i s t i l a h " u m u m w a k h u s u s m i n w a j h i n " d i d a l a m

i s t i l a h m a n t i q a d a l a h " b e r h i m p u n m a s i n g - m a s i n gd a r i p a d ad u a k u l l i d i d a l a m s a t u p e r k a r ac i a n

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m e n g i r r n ga d a l a hs u a t uy a n g l a i nd a r i p a d at i d u r .

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u s L rfl i q h y a n g b e r b u n y i ,

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m a l < n aw a j i b p a d a p e n d a p a t k e b a n y a k a na s h a b k i t a ( u l a m a - u l a r n ad i d a l a m m a z h a bS y a f i ' i e ) . 4 5

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s e p e r t i d id a l a m h a d i t hd i a t a s p e r i n t a hs u p a y as e m b a h y a n gm e n g i k u t c a r aR a s u l u l l ash. a . w .

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m e n j a d i w a j i b d a n b i l a i a m e n j a d iw a j i b p a s t l a k a n m e n y u s a h k a nu m a t i n l . ' r 8

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d a g i n g k o r b a n , m e n z i a r a h ik u b u r d a n r n e m i n u r nn a b i z ( R i w a y a tM u s l i m ) t e t a p i p e r i n t a h i n i t i d a k

r n e m b e r i m a k n a w a j i b t e t a p i s e b a l i k n y am e m b e r i m a k n a h a r u s . P e m a h a m a ns e p e r t i I n i a d a l a h

b e r d a s a r k a nk e p a d a k a e d a hu s r . rfli q h b e r i k u t ,

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l a r a n gn r a k ai a m e m b e r i m a k n a h a r u s . s t

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d a n a p a b i l ak a m u t e l a h s e l e s a i d a r i h r a m m a k a b o l e h l a hk a m u b e r b u r u , "

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a k a n d i b a c a k a n ( t e n t a n g h a r a m n y a ) k e p a d a k a m u . ( H a l a l n y ab i n a t a n g - b i n a t a n gt e r n a k d a n

s e b a g a i n y ai t r - r )t i d a k p u l a b e r e r t i k a m u b o l e h m e n g h a l a l k a np e r b u r u a n k e t i k a k a m u d a l a m

k e a d a a nb e r i h r a m . s

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dan di akhirat).s5

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l a r a n g a nb e r j u a l b e l i d i d a l a m a y a t s e b e l u m n y a ,

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c o n t o hy a n gr n e n u n j u k k akne p a d ab e t a p ap e r l u n y as e s e o r a nigt u u n t u k m e n g u a s ai lim u h a d i t l r
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25
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l < a e d a h n y sa e h i n g g am e n g h a s i l k a rfna t w a k e p a d a s a l a h s a t u j l m u d e n g a n k a e d a h y a n g s a t u l a g i

w a l a u p r . r rki e d r r a - r J u ak a e d a l r i t u l a n g s u n g t i d a k b o l e h b e r h i m p u n d i d a l a m s a t u u s u l

s e b a g a i r n a n ya a n g c l i h i l < a y a t k at e
n n t a n g a l - F a r r a ' s e o r a n ga h l i n a h u b a h a w a i a b e r k a t a ," s e s i a p a

y a n g m e n g r . r a s adii d a l a m s a t u i l m u a l < a nm u d a h k e p a d a n y as e t i a p i l m u " . L a l u M u h a m r r r a db i n

I ' i a s a na l - Q a d h i b e r k a t a k e p a d a n y a d a n i a t u r u t s a m a h a d i r d i d a l a m m a j l i s t e r s e b r t t c i a n i a

a d a l a h s e p u p u k e p a d a a l - f a r r a ' , " e n g k a u m e n g u a s a i d i d a l a m i l m u m u m a k a a n r b i l l a l rs a t u

r n a s a l a hy a n g a k u i n g i n b e r t a n y ak e p a d a m ut e n t a n g n y ay a n g b u l < a nb l d a n g i l n r u m u .A p a k a t a m r t

t e n t a n g o r a n g y a n g l r - r p ad i d a l a m s e m b a h y a n g n y ak e r n u d i a ni a s u j u d k e r a n a l u p a n y a l a l u c l i a

terlupa jLlgadi dalam sujud tersebut. Lalu Farra'menjawab, "tidak mengapa". MuhanrrnacJ*

bertanya, "kenapa"? Dia menjawab, "kerana tasghir (isim tasghir) di sisi kami tidal<lroleh

d i t a s g h i r k a nl a g i . B e g i t u j u g a l u p a d i d a l a m s u j u d s a h w i t l d a l <b o l e h d i s u j L r dl a g i l < e r a n a n y a

l < e r a n a i a s a m a m e n t a s g h i r k a n s u a t u y a n g t e l a i r d i t a s g h i r k a n ,S u j u d s a h w i a d a l a h u n t u k

m e n a m p u r l g s e m h a h y a n g m a k a p e n a r n p u n g t i d a k b o l e h l a g i d i t a m p u n g s e l r a . q a i r n a nt a s g h i r

t i c l a kb o l e h d i t a s e h i r k a nl a s i . 5 8

,r-tr,r.3r,1

AhmadNaslmbin Abdul Rauf

PusatPengajian
al-QuranDarull(autsar.

t ' A l ^ M u a w a f a q a t ,j . 1 "
hal 84

26