Objectives

 (1) Define perception

 (2) Mention disorders of perception
 (3) Mentions causes of perception disorders
Definition
 Perception refers to interpretation of what
we take in through our senses.

 The way we perceive our environment is

what makes us different from other animals
and different from each other.
Disorders of perception
 Illusion:
It is a false perception of an external stimulus
 It may occur by factors in the individual, in the
stimulus or in both:
1- Illusion due to physical causes e.g. mirror illusion.
2- Illusion due to habit and familiarity e.g. reading
wrong words correctly.
3-Illusion due to set and expectation e.g. hearing door
ring as telephone ring.
Déjà vu phenomenon (illusion of familiarity)
The person feels that he has experienced what
he is experiencing at the present time.

Jamais vu phenomenon (illusion of

unfamiliarity)
The person feels that unfamiliar experienced
what he is previously familiar to him
Depersonalization:
Person experience him self as a Stanger

Derealization:
Person perceive the external world as Stanger

Hallucination:
Perception in the absent of stimulation
(auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, etc..)
Causes of perception disorders
(Factors affecting perception)
 External (Gestalt) factors

 Internal (subjective) factors

Gestalt Principles of Grouping

 In order to interpret what we receive

through our senses, we attempt to organize
this information into certain groups.

 This allows us to interpret the information

completely without unneeded repetition.
 Similarity:
Refers to our tendency to group things
together based upon how similar to each
other they are.
 Proximate objects:
proximate objects tend to be grouped
together. For example, in the following series
we see the near circles as a pair. ○○ ○ ○
 Continuity:
Refers to our tendency to see patterns and
therefore perceive things as belonging
together if they form some type of
continuous pattern.
 Closure:
Closed stimuli tend to be grouped together.
 Camouflage:
It is a special application of the grouping tendencies.
In nature is represented in the protective
coloration and markings of animals e.g.
butterflies.
 Internal (subjective) factors
 Interest:
Objects of our interest draw our perception
immediately.
For example, while moving on a road a
sportsman is attracted towards the shop
where sports materials are placed.
 Motives:
Motives are powerful forces which make us to
divert our perception.
For example, a restaurant will draw the
perception of a hungry person because he
has a drive for food.
 Mental set:
Our set or readiness of mind is very important
in attending to any stimulus.
For example, when a person is in fantasy he
may not listen to any call. On the other
hand, if he is waiting for a phone call
eagerly, he will listen to that immediately.
 Emotional stat:
Perception is disturbed during emotional
state. It also affects our perception.
For example, when a person is highly excited
due to fear, he may not listen or understand
what others say.
 Habits:
Our perception is diverted automatically
towards the things to which we are
habituated.
For example, perception of a nurse is
automatically diverted towards a serious
patient.
Thank You