1

2
3
4
 CONVENTIONS

CHICAGO CONVENTION: Date: 7th December 1944 – “ICAO” was formed, rules framed were termed as
“International Standards & Recommend Practices” (or SARPS) & 5 freedoms of air were finalized.

TOKYO CONVENTION: Date: 14th September 1963- “Convention on offence & certain other Acts committed
on board Aircraft.

WARSAW CONVENTION: Date: 12th October 1929 – “Convention for the unification of certain rules relating to
international carriage by air”.

Convention deals with airlines responsibility & liability for lost or delay of Baggage & matters of
compensation for loss of life (or) injury to a passenger.

MADRID CONVENTION: 1926- Failed attempt to form ICAO.

ROME CONVENTION: 1952- deals with compensation of loss (or) damage caused to third party on surface.

HAGUE: 1970- This convention is for “Suppression of unlawful seizure of aircraft” Defines the act of unlawful
seizure & the measures to be taken by contracting states to enforce severe punishment upon perpetrators.

MONTREAL CONVENTION: 1971 – “Convention for Suppression of unlawful acts against the safety of Civil
Aviation”, it compliments the Hague Convention.

MONTREAL PROTOCOL: 1988- this extended the Montreal Convention to include offence committed at
aerodromes serving International Civil Aviation, Including the international use of any device, substance (or)
weapon.

THE MONTREAL CONVENTION, 1991: Convention on the marking of plastic explosives for the purpose of
detection was signed at Montreal on 1st March, 1991.

Note: Tokyo Convention 1963, Hague Convention 1970, Montreal Conventions 1971, 1991 & Montreal
Protocol 1988 have been Ratified by India.

GENEVA CONVENTION, 1948: This convention protects the rights of seller for Aircraft bought on hire,
purchase, lease (or) Mortgage.

The Cape town Convention, 2001 & Cape town Protocol, 2001, Date- 16th November 2001 – Dry lease & Wet
lease.

Authority of Commander: If commander has reasonable believe that any person on board can affect the
safety of A/C he can get him restrain that person by giving an order crew member (or) request other
passenger to help him in restraining other person.

5
(OR) if commander has reasonable believe a person has committed (or) is about to Commit any offence. He
can deliver that person to competent authorities.

NOTE: 1) Over high Seas International Civil Aviation laws will apply.

2) If an aircraft is flying over other states territory, Follow the Rules of Air of the State of Registration.

3) If a state cannot comply with an International Standard, state shall give 60days notice to ICAO of the
difference between its own practice & International standard & mention difference in national AIP.

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
PERSONNEL LICENSING

➢ STUDENT PILOT LICENSE

• Requirements
1. Pass oral exam in Air regulations, Air navigation, Meteorology and aircraft engines.
• Privileges
1. He shall fly at all times under the supervision of a flight instructor or a flight examiner.
2. He shall fly under VFR only.
3. He shall not carry passengers.
4. He shall not undertake cross country flights unless he has a minimum of 10 hours of solo flight time.

➢ COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENSE

• Requirements
1. Pass written exam in all theory subjects.
2. Shall produce evidence of satisfactorily completed as a pilot of an aeroplane within a period of 5
years immediately preceding the date of application not less than 200 hours of flight time.
3. Not less than 100 hours of flight time as Pilot in Command with 15 hours within the preceding 6
months
4. Not less than 20 hours of cross country flight time as PiC with a 300NM cross country with two full
stop landings at two different aerodromes.
5. Not less than 10 hours of instrument time with no more than 5 hours on an approved simulator.
6. Not less than 5 hours of flight time by night including a minimum of ten takeoff and landings as
PiC.
• Previleges
1. To exercise all the privileges of Private Pilot License.
2. To act as PiC on any airplane having an all-up-weight not exceeding 5700kgs and which is entered
in the aircraft rating on the license.
3. When passengers are to be carried at night, he shall have carried put within a period of six months
immediately preceding the date of the intended flight not less than 10 take offs and landings by night
as PiC.
4. To act as Co-Pilot of an airplane where a Co-Pilot is required.

52
Experience –

He shall produce evidence of having satisfactorily completed as a Pilot of an aeroplane not less than
one thousand five hundred hours of flight time of which not less than one hundred fifty hours flight time shall
be in the preceding twelve months and his total flying experience shall include –

(i) Not less than five hundred hours of flight time as Pilot-in-Command or as Co-Pilot performing,
under the supervision of a pilot who fulfils the flying experience requirements of a check pilot, the
duties and functions of a pilot-in-command provided that at least two hundred hours out of these
shall be cross-country flight time, including not less than fifty hours of flight time by night.

Note :- Where an aeroplane is required to be operated with a co-pilot in accordance with the provisions of
the Flight Manual of the aeroplane, not more than fifty percent of the co-pilot flight time shall be credited
towards the total flight time required for the issue of the licence, but not more than fifty percent of the co-
pilot flight time under supervision shall be credited towards pilot-in-command flight experience required for
issue of the licence, and full credit for such flight time shall be given towards total flight time required for
issue of the licence.

(ii) Not less than one thousand hours of total cross-country flight time;
(iii) Not less than one hundred hours of flight time by night;
(iv) Not less than one hundred hours of instrument time under actual or simulated instrument conditions
of which not less than fifty hours shall be in actual flight;
(v) Not less than ten hours of flight time completed within a period of six months immediately preceding
the date of application for the licence.

INSTRUMENT RATING (AEROPLANES)

Knowledge –

He shall pass a written and oral examination in Air Regulations, Air Navigation, Aviation Meteorology
and Instrument Rating as per syllabus prescribed by the Director-General for issue of Commercial Pilot’s
Licence. He shall also pass a practical test on interpretation of aural and visual signals as per the syllabus
prescribed by the Director-General.

Experience –

He shall produce evidence of having satisfactorily completed as a pilot of an aeroplane-

53
 (i) Not less than one hundred hours of flight time as a Pilot-in-Command including not less than fifty
hours of cross-country flight time;
(ii) Not less than forty hours of instrument time of which not more than twenty hours shall be instrument
ground time. A minimum of five hours of instrument time shall have been completed within a period
of six months immediately preceding the date of application for the Instrument Rating:
Provided that in the case a pilot who holds a current Instrument Rating (Helicopters), he shall have
not less than one hundred hours of flight time as Pilot-in-Command of an aeroplane including not
less than twenty five hours of cross country flight time and not less than twenty hours of instrument
time of which not more than ten hours may be on an approved simulator.

Other Requirements --

He shall be:
(i) Holder of a current Pilot’s Licence (Aeroplanes);
(ii) Holder of a current Flight Radio Telephone Operator’s Licence for operation of radio
telephone apparatus on board an aircraft issued by the Director-General.

Flying Training –

He shall have completed the flying training in accordance with the syllabus as prescribed by the Director-
General.

Skill –

He shall have demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Examiner his competency to fly an aeroplane in respect
of which Instrument Rating is desired, solely with the aid of instruments by undergoing an instrument flying
test within a period of six months immediately preceding the date of application for the rating. The flying test
shall be carried out in accordance with the syllabus as prescribed by the Director-General. The Director
General may, however, allow such tests or part thereof to be carried out on an approved simulator for the
type of aircraft.

Validity –

(a) The rating shall be valid for a period of twelve months from the date of the instrument rating flying test.
(b) It shall be renewed for a further period of twelve months at a time from the date of expiry provided that
the instrument rating flying test has been carried out within two months preceding the date of expiry and
all other requirements for renewal are met.
(c) In other cases, the validity of renewal of the rating shall commence from the date of the test.

Renewal –

The Instrument Rating may be renewed on receipt of satisfactory evidence of the applicant:

54
 (a) Having satisfactorily completed the Instrument Rating Flight Test
(b) Having a valid Flight Radio Telephone Operator’s Licence issued by the Director General for operation
of radio telephone apparatus on board an aircraft.

Extension of Instrument Rating –

For extension of Instrument Rating to include an additional type of aeroplane, an applicant shall be
required to produce evidence of having satisfactorily completed the flight test in accordance with para 1(e) in
respect of the type of aeroplane for which the extension of Instrument Rating is desired. The flight test shall
have been completed within a period of six months immediately preceding the date of application for the
extension of Instrument Rating.

Privileges –

Subject to the validity of the Instrument Rating, the privileges of the holder thereof shall be to fly under
the Instrument Flight Rules, the types of aeroplanes on which he has demonstrated his competency. Provided
that a pilot, who has demonstrated his competency by undergoing an Instrument Rating Flight test on a single-
engine aeroplane not exceeding an all-up-weight of five thousand seven hundred Kgs., shall exercise the
privileges of his Instrument Rating on all single engine aeroplanes within the aforesaid weight category:

Provided further that a pilot, who has demonstrated his competency by undergoing an Instrument Rating Flight
test on a Multi-engine aeroplane not exceeding an all-up-weight of five thousand seven hundred Kgs., shall
exercise the privileges of his Instrument Rating on all multiengine aeroplanes within the aforesaid weight
category. Notwithstanding anything said here-in-before, the holder of an Instrument Rating on any transport
aeroplane, shall exercise his privileges only on the type of aeroplane on which the Instrument Rating Flight test
has been satisfactorily carried out;

Provided further that the holder of an Instrument Rating on aeroplanes having an all-up-weight exceeding five
thousand seven hundred Kgs. Shall exercise the privileges of his Instrument Rating only on the type of
aeroplane on which the Instrument Rating Flight test has been satisfactorily carried out.

Provided also that, notwithstanding anything said herein before, the holder of an Instrument Rating on any
multi-engine aeroplane may exercise the privileges of Instrument Rating on any single engine aeroplane
entered in the aircraft rating of his licence.

55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
 PROHIBITED AREAS IN INDIA

1. Area within a radius of 10 km Mathura Refineries extending from ground level to unlimited upper level.

2. Within a radius of 1 mile from the Tower of Silence of Malabar Hills, Bombay.

3. Area near Baroda aerodrome extending vertically from the ground level to an unlimited upper level.

4. Area around Rashtrapati Bhavan from ground to unlimited upper level.

5. Area near Bhubaneshwar extending from ground level to 50,000 feet.

6. Area within 10 km radius from Kalpakkam Nuclear plant extending from ground level to 10,000 feet.

84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Page
109