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Iec 60904-3 2019
Iec 60904-3 2019
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Photovoltaic devices -
Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices
with reference spectral irradiance data
Dispositifs photovoltaVques -
Partie 3: Principes de mesure des dispositifs solaires photovoltaVques (PV) a
usage terrestre incluant les donnees de I'eclairement energetique spectral de
reference
- 2 - IEC 6 0 9 04 -3 :2 01 9 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
F O R E W O R D ..........................................................................................................................................................3
1 S c o p e .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
2 N orm ative re fe re n c e s ................................................................................................................................ 5
3 T erm s and d e fin itio n s ................................................................................................................................ 6
4 M easurem ent p rin c ip le s .............................................................................................................................6
5 R eference so la r spectral and a n g u la r irra dian ce d is trib u tio n ........................................................6
A nnex A (in fo rm a tive ) Use o f S M A R T S .................................................................................................... 58
Figure 1 - G lobal and d ire ct refe ren ce s o la r sp ectral irra dian ce d is trib u tio n listed in
Table 1 ..................................................................................................................................................................57
PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES -
FOREWORD
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P ublications.
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in d ispensable for the co rre ct a p p lica tio n o f this publication.
9) A ttention is draw n to the p o s sib ility th a t som e o f the elem ents o f th is IEC P ublication m ay be the su b je ct of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held resp o n sib le fo r ide n tifyin g any or all such patent rights.
In te rn atio na l S tandard IEC 60904-3 has been prepared by IEC te chn ical co m m itte e 82: Solar
p h o to vo lta ic energy system s.
This fo u rth e dition ca nce ls and rep la ce s the third e dition published in 2016. T his edition
co n stitu te s a te ch n ica l revision.
This e dition includes the fo llo w in g s ig n ific a n t te chn ical changes w ith resp ect to the previous
edition:
a) all sp ectral data w ere reca lcu lated due to som e m inor ca lcu la tio n and rounding errors in
the third e dition ; the glo ba l sp ectral irra dian ce returned to e xa ctly the data o f the second
edition;
b) the a n g u la r d istrib u tio n o f the irra dian ce w as clarified .
This p ublication co nta ins an attached file in the form of an Excel sp re ad she et. This file is
intended to be used as a co m plem ent and does not form an integral part o f the p ublication.
-4 - IEC 6 0 9 0 4 -3 :2 0 1 9 © IEC 2019
82/1342/C D V 82/1425/R V C
Full inform a tion on the voting fo r the a pproval o f th is In te rn atio na l Standard can be found in
the re p o rt on voting indicated in the above table.
This docu m e nt has been drafted in accorda nce w ith the IS O /IE C D irectives, Part 2.
A list o f all parts o f the IEC 60904 se ries, published u nder the g en eral title P h otovo ltaic
devices, can be found on the IEC w ebsite.
The co m m itte e has decided th a t the co nte nts o f this docu m e nt w ill rem ain unchanged until the
s ta b ility date indicated on the IEC w eb site under " h ttp ://w e b s to re .ie c .c h " in the data related to
the sp e cific docum ent. A t th is date, the d ocu m e nt w ill be
• reconfirm ed,
• w ithd ra w n,
• replaced by a revised e dition , or
• am ended.
IEC 6 0 9 04 -3 :2 01 9 © IEC 2019 -5 -
PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES -
1 Scope
This part o f IEC 60904 a pp lie s to the fo llo w in g p h o to vo lta ic devices fo r te rre stria l a pp lica tion s:
NOTE The term “test specim en" is used to denote any o f these devices.
T he princip les contained in th is docu m e nt cover te sting in both natural and sim ulated sunlight.
P h o to vo lta ic co nve rsio n is sp e ctra lly se le ctive due to the nature o f the se m icon d ucto r
m ate ria ls used in PV solar ce lls and m odules. To com pare the relative p erform an ce of
d iffe re n t PV devices and m ate ria ls a refe ren ce standard so la r spectral d is trib u tio n is
necessary. This docu m e nt includes such a reference so la r spectral irra d ia n ce d is trib u tio n .
This d ocu m e nt also d escrib e s basic m easurem ent princip les fo r dete rm inin g the e le ctrica l
o utp ut o f PV d evices. The p rin cip le s given in this docu m e nt are design ed to relate the
p erform an ce rating o f PV devices to a com m on refe ren ce te rre s tria l so la r sp ectral irradiance
d istrib u tio n .
T he refe ren ce te rre stria l solar sp e ctra l irra d ia n ce d is trib u tio n is given in th is d ocu m e nt in
o rd er to cla s s ify so la r sim u lato rs according to the spectral p erform an ce requirem ents
contained in IEC 60904-9.
2 Normative references
The fo llo w in g d ocu m e nts are referred to in the te x t in such a w ay th a t som e o r all o f th e ir
co nte nt co n stitu te s req uirem en ts o f th is d ocum ent. For dated references, o n ly the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest e dition o f the referenced docu m e nt (including
any am e nd m e nts) applies.
IEC 60891, P h o to vo lta ic devices - P ro ced ures fo r te m p era ture a nd irra d ia n c e c o rre ctio n s to
m e a su re d l-V ch a ra cte ristics
IEC 60904-5, P h o to vo lta ic devices - P art 5: D e term in atio n o f the e q u iv a le n t c e ll te m p era ture
(EC T) o f p h o to v o lta ic (PV) devices b y the o p e n -c irc u it voltage m ethod
IEC 60904-7, P h o to vo lta ic devices - P a rt 7: C om putation o f the s p e c tra l m ism atch co rrectio n
fo r m ea surem e nts o f p h o to vo lta ic devices
-6 - IEC 6 0 9 04 -3 :2 01 9 © IEC 2019
IEC 61853-4, P h otovo ltaic (PV) m odule p erfo rm a n ce te sting and e n e rg y ra tin g - P a rt 4:
S tan da rd refe ren ce clim a tic p ro file s
ISO and IEC m aintain te rm in o lo g ica l data ba se s fo r use in sta nd a rd iza tio n at the follow ing
addresses:
4 Measurement principles
Incident irra dian ce can be m easured by m eans o f a PV reference device (w hose sp ectral
re sp o n sivity shall be know n) or, if m easuring under natural su nligh t, by m eans of a
th e rm o p ile -typ e irra dian ce d e te cto r (pyran om e ter). If a PV refe ren ce device is used, it shall
sa tisfy the req uirem en ts sp ecified in IEC 60904-2. T e m p eratu re d ete rm ina tion o f the PV
device u nder te st shall be m ade according to IEC 60904-1 or IEC 60904-5.
Since a so la r cell has a w a ve le n g th -d e p e n d e n t resp o n sivity, its perform ance is s ig n ific a n tly
a ffected by the sp ectral d istrib u tio n o f the incid en t rad ia tio n, w hich in natural su n lig h t varies
w ith fa cto rs such as location, w eather, tim e o f year, tim e o f day, o rie n ta tio n o f the receiving
surface, etc., and w ith a sim u la to r va ries w ith its type and co nd itio ns o f use a ccordin g to
IEC 60904-9. R egardless o f w he th er the irra dian ce is m easured w ith e ith e r a th e rm o p ile -typ e
rad io m e te r (that is not sp e ctra lly se le c tiv e ) o r w ith a refe ren ce s o la r device, the spectral
irra dian ce d istrib u tio n o f the incom ing light shall be know n in o rd e r to use IEC 6 0904-7 to
ca lcu la te the sp ectral m ism atch betw een the m easured p erform an ce and the predicted
p erform an ce u nder the global or d ire c t refe ren ce so la r sp ectral d is trib u tio n defined in this
docum ent. W hen perform ing m ea surem e nts according to the standard te st co n d itio n s, the
spectral m ism atch betw een the PV device under te st and the th e rm o p ile is u sua lly m uch
larger than the spectral m ism atch betw een the PV refe ren ce device and the PV device under
test.
W hen the spectral re sp o n sivity o f the PV d evice is know n as dete rm ine d a ccordin g to
IEC 60904-8, it is a lso possible to use IEC 60904-7 to co m p ute the p erform an ce o f th a t PV
device w hen exposed to lig h t o f any know n sp ectral irra dian ce d istrib u tio n .
The refe ren ce so la r sp e ctra l d istrib u tio n s are given in Table 1 and Figure 1.
IEC 6 0 9 04 -3 :2 01 9 © IEC 2019 -7 -
The refe ren ce a ng ular d istrib u tio n is defined fo r both, the d ire c t and the global spectral
d is trib u tio n , so th a t the com p le te rad ia tio n hits the so la r device p e rp e n d ic u la rly under norm al
incidence. O ther, m ore re a listic g eo m e trica l and a m b ie n t c o n d itio n s fo r d iffe re n t clim a te zones
are defined in IEC 61853-4.
The ca lcu la tio n o f the sp ectral d istrib u tio n s w as done using the fo llo w in g g eo m e trica l and
e nviro n m e nta l inp ut p aram eters:
- glo ba l d istrib u tio n (d ire ct + d iffuse + a lb ed o) o f su n lig h t (A M 1.5 sp ectrum ), corresp on din g
to an integrated irra dian ce o f 1 000 W - r r r 2 in c id e n t on a su n-facin g plane surface tilte d at
37° to the h orizo n tal, and
- the d ire ct d istrib u tio n o f su n lig h t (A M 1.5d sp ectrum ), co rresp on din g to an integrated
irra dian ce o f 900 W m -2 in cid e n t on a su n-facin g plane su rfa ce p e rp e n d icu la r to the
incid en t sunlight,
co nside rin g the w a ve le n g th -d e p e n d e n t alb ed o o f a lig h t bare soil, under the follow ing
a tm o sph e ric co nd itio ns:
- U.S. standard atm o sph e re w ith C 0 2 co nce n tra tio n increased to cu rre n t level (370 ppm ), a
rural aerosol m odel, and no p ollution;
- p re cip ita b le w ater: 1,416 4 cm ;
- ozone content: 0,343 8 atm -cm (or 343,8 DU);
- tu rb id ity (aerosol o ptical depth): 0,084 at 500 nm;
- p ressure: 101,325 kPa (i.e. sea level).
Data co nta ine d in T able 1 have been g en erated using the so la r sp ectral m odel SM AR TS,
V e rsio n 2.9.2. A g en eral d e scrip tio n o f th is m odel and its s u ita b ility to rep ro du ce actua l solar
spectral irra dian ce d istrib u tio n s can be found in “ Proposed R eference Irra d ia nce S pectra fo r
S olar E nergy System s T e stin g " by C. A. G ueym ard, C. M yers and K. E m e ry 1, and in the
re fe ren ces th erein . T able 1 can be obta ine d using the data co nta ine d in A nnex A as an input
to the m odel SM AR TS V e rsio n 2 .9.2. The resu ltin g o u tp u t sp ectral irra dian ce values have to
be m ultiplie d by a norm a liza tion fa c to r (0,997 1) in o rd er to get an integ ra te d irra dian ce of
1 000 W - r r r 2 in the w ave len gth range 0 to in fin ity fo r the global irradiance. T his sam e scaling
fa cto r is applied to the d irect spectrum giving an integrated irra dian ce o f 900 W -n rr2 in the
w avelength range 0 to infin ity.
At the tim e o f p ub lica tion o f th is d ocu m e nt the SM AR TS Version 2.9.2 spectral m odel code is
a vailable, fre e of charge, s u b je ct to the a u th o r's license a greem ent, at
h ttp ://w w w .n re l.g o v /rre d c /s m a rts . A co p y o f the m odel, not fo r d is trib u tio n purposes, is kept
u nder IEC TC 82 control.
The co nte nts of T able 1 are included in an attached file in the form o f an Excel spreadsheet.
1 C. A. G ueym ard, C. M yers and K. Em ery, "Proposed R eference Irradiance S pectra fo r S o la r Energy System s
T esting", S o la r Energy, Vol 73, No. 6, pp. 443-467, 2002.
- 8- IEC 6 0 9 04 -3 :2 01 9 © IEC 2019
280,0 4.72E -23 6.649E -05 0.00E +00 2.529E -26 3.564E -08 0.000E00
281,0 5.67E-21 8.025E -03 2.04E-21 6.108E -24 8.640E -06 2.077E -24
281,5 1.56E-19 2.213E-01 4.25E -20 2.740E -22 3.883E -04 7.210E-23
282,0 1.19E-18 1.691E+00 3.79E -19 2,826E-21 4.012E -03 8.472E -22
283,0 1.84E-17 2.621E+01 7.54E -18 6.745E -20 9.609E -02 2.503E -20
284,0 7.25E -16 1 .036E+03 2.11E -16 4.969E -18 7.105E00 1.357E-18
285,0 7.99E -15 1.146E+04 3.63E -15 8.974E -17 1.287E02 3,581 E-17
285,5 4.25E -14 6.107E +04 1.62E-14 6.424E -16 9.232E02 2.188E -16
286,0 1.36E-13 1.964E+05 6.10E -14 2.343E -15 3.374E03 9.653E -16
286,5 8.36E -13 1.205E+06 3.04E -13 1.840E-14 2.654E04 6.152E -15
287,0 2.73E -12 3.942E +06 1.20E-12 7.234E -14 1.045E05 2.884E -14
290,0 6.00E -09 8.758E +09 2.94E -09 5.130E -10 7.490E08 2.285E -10
290,5 1.37E-08 2.010E +10 7.87E -09 1.326E-09 1.940E09 6.883E -10
291,0 3.50E -08 5.120E +10 2.00E -08 3.885E -09 5,691 E09 1,991E-09
292,5 4.26E -07 6 .2 67 E + 1 1 3.23E -07 7,021 E-08 1.034E11 4.804E -08
293,5 2.26E -06 3.345E +12 1.43E-06 4.696E -07 6 .9 38 E 1 1 2.616E -07
294,0 4.16E -06 6.160E +12 3.03E -06 9.428E -07 1.395E12 6.147E -07
294,5 6.57E -06 9.743E +12 5.72E -06 1,592E-06 2,360E12 1.248E-06
295,5 2.77E -05 4.127E +13 2.04E -05 7.997E -06 1.190E13 5.253E -06
296,5 7 ,1 1E-05 1 .062E+14 6.90E -05 2.324E -05 3.469E13 2,041 E-05
297,0 9.65E -05 1.443E+14 1,11 E-04 3.309E -05 4.947E 13 3.449E-05
297,5 1.86E-04 2.779E +14 1,81 E-04 6.772E -05 1.014E14 5.970E -05
299,0 4,91 E-04 7.386E+14 6.73E -04 2.026E -04 3.050E14 2.539E-04
1070,0 0,6029 3.248E +18 785,03 5,701 E-01 3,071 E18 692,07
1077,0 0,6026 3.267E +18 789,29 5,701 E-01 3,091 E18 696,10
1198,0 0,4327 2.609E +18 832,86 4,131 E-01 2,491 E18 737,57
1361,0 0,0000 3.288E +10 888,48 4,643E -09 3,181 E10 790,79
1375,0 0,0003 2.231E +15 888,48 3.122E -04 2,161 E15 790,79
1395,0 0,0000 4.701E +12 888,49 6.495E -07 4,561 E12 790,80
1427,0 0,0494 3.549E +17 888,76 4,804E -02 3,451 E17 791,06
1447,0 0,0361 2.630E +17 889,45 3.516E -02 2,561 E17 791,74
1468,0 0,0767 5.670E +17 891,31 7,471 E-02 5,521 E17 793,55
1935,0 0,0036 3.490E +16 957,58 3.533E -03 3,441 E16 858,01
1955,0 0,0100 9.848E +16 957,77 9,857E -03 9,701 E16 858,20
2015,0 0,0266 2.695E +17 960,78 2.613E -02 2,651 E17 861,16
2120,0 0,0873 9.320E +17 968,99 8,603E -02 9,181 E17 869,24
2465,0 0,0241 2.988E +17 989,36 2.394E -02 2,971 E17 889,36
2580,0 0,0000 4.949E -03 989,74 3.782E -22 4.912E -03 889,74
2590,0 0,0000 7.123E -12 989,74 5,421 E-31 7.068E -12 889,74
2595,0 0,0000 2.975E -14 989,74 2.260E -33 2.952E -14 889,74
- 50- IEC 6 0 9 04 -3 :2 01 9 © IEC 2019
2605,0 0,0000 7.591E -16 989,74 5.742E -35 7.531E -16 889,74
2610,0 0,0000 7.788E -15 989,74 5.880E -34 7.726E -15 889,74
2620,0 0,0000 7.431E -10 989,74 5.589E -29 7.372E -10 889,74
2625,0 0,0000 5,097E -09 989,74 3,827E -28 5.057E -09 889,74
2630,0 0,0000 3.700E -26 989,74 2.794E -45 3.700E -26 889,74
2635,0 0,0000 5,162E +03 989,74 3,861E -16 5,121 E03 889,74
2660,0 0,0000 3,481 E-06 989,74 2.580E -25 3.455E -06 889,74
2695,0 0,0000 9.643E -14 989,74 7,081 E-33 9.606E -14 889,74
2705,0 0,0000 3.980E -23 989,74 2.919E -42 3.975E -23 889,74
2715,0 0,0000 5.254E -07 989,74 3.844E -26 5.253E -07 889,74
2720,0 0,0000 7,653E -26 989,74 5.589E -45 7.653E -26 889,74
2725,0 0,0000 9.976E -03 989,74 7.288E -22 9.998E -03 889,74
2740,0 0,0000 3.206E -08 989,74 2.337E -27 3.223E -08 889,74
2755,0 0,0000 9,301 E-25 989,74 6.707E -44 9.301E -25 889,74
2765,0 0,0000 3.716E -08 989,74 2.692E -27 3.747E -08 889,74
2775,0 0,0000 5.570E -19 989,74 4,024E -38 5.622E -19 889,74
2785,0 0,0000 5.433E -08 989,74 3.914E -27 5.488E -08 889,74
2895,0 0,0027 3.872E +16 989,76 2,690E -03 3,921 E16 889,76
3340,0 0,0035 5.801E +16 991,56 3.480E -03 5,851 E16 891,58
3405,0 0,0044 7.622E +16 992,00 4,493E -03 7,701 E16 892,03
00 1000 900
IEC 6 0 9 04 -3 :2 01 9 © IEC 2019 - 57-
NOTE 1 The cu m u la tive inte g ra te d irra d ia n ce values were obtained by m eans o f the trap e zo id a l inte g ra tio n
technique, using the unrounded spectral irra d ia n ce data.
NOTE 2 The global and d irect photon flu x were calcu la te d w ith the form ula
ph o to n _ flu x = sp e ctra l_ irra d ia n ce W avelength • 10-9 / (c • h) using the unrounded sp e ctra l irradiance data. In
the ca lcu la tio n o f global and d ire ct photon flu xe s the follo w in g values have been considered:
h = 6,626 1 0 -34 J s
W avelength (nm )
IEC
Annex A
(informative)
Use of SMARTS
The fo llo w in g inp ut data (see T able A .1) to the SM AR TS V ersion 2 .9.2 m odel are required to
gen erate the refe ren ce so la r sp ectral irra dian ce d is trib u tio n s included in this docum ent. The
resulting o utp ut d ire ct and glo ba l sp ectral irra dian ce values have been m ultiplie d by a
n orm a liza tion fa cto r (0, 997 1) in o rd er to reproduce the data contained in T able 1. The only
d iffe re n ce fo r gen eratin g the tw o sp ectral irra dian ce d is trib u tio n s is the choice o f o utp ut in
fie ld 12c.
C a rd ID V a lu e P a r a m e te r /D e s c rip tio n /V a r ia b le n a m e
1 IEC 60904-3:2016 Header
2 1 P ressure input m ode (1 = pressure and a ltitu d e): ISPR
2a 1013.25 0. S tation pressure (m b) and a ltitu d e (km ): SPR, ALT
3 1 Standard atm osphere p ro file se lection (1 = use d e fau lt atm osphere): IATM1
3a •USSA’ D efault standard atm osphere profile: ATM
4 1 W ater va p o r input (1 = d e fau lt from atm osphere profile): IH 2 0
5 1 O zone ca lcu la tio n (1 = d efault from atm osphere p ro file ): I0 3
6 1 P o llu tio n level m ode (1 = standard co n d itio ns/n o p o llu tio n ): IGAS
7 370 Carbon dioxide volum e m ixing ra tio (ppm ): q C 0 2
7a 1 E xtra te rre stria l spectrum (1 = S M AR TS/G ueym ard): ISPCTR
8 S& F_R U R A L‘ A e ro so l p ro file to use: AEROS
9 0 S pecifica tio n for aerosol o p tica l d e p th /tu rb id ity input (0 = AO D a t 500 nm):
ITURB
9a 0.084 Aerosol o ptical depth at 500 nm: TAU5
10 38 Far fie ld sp e ctra l A lbedo file to use (38 = lig h t sandy soil): IALBDX
10b 1 S pecify tilt ca lcu la tio n (1 = yes): ITILT
10c 38 37 180 A lbedo and tilt va riab le s-A lb e d o file to use fo r near fie ld , tilt, and azim uth:
IALBDG , TILT. W AZIM
11 280 4000 1.0 1367.0 W avelength ran g e -start, stop, mean radius ve cto r co rre ctio n , integrated
so la r spectrum irradiance: W LM N, W LM X. SUNCOR, SOLARC
12 2 Separate sp e ctra l o utput file p rin t mode (2 = yes): IPRT
12a 280 4000 0.5 O utput file w a ve le n g th -P rin t lim its, sta rt, stop, m inim um step size: W PMN.
W PMX, INTVL
12b 1 N um ber o f o utput variables to print: IOTOT
12c 8 or 2 Code relatin g o u tpu t va ria b le s to print (8 = G lobal tilte d irra d ia n ce , 2 =
D irect norm al irra d ia n ce ): OUT
13 1 C ircu m so la r ca lcu la tio n m ode (1 = yes): ICIRC
13a 0 2.9 0 R e ceiver ge o m e try-S lo pe , view , lim it half angles: SLOPE, APERT. LIMIT
14 0 Sm ooth fu n ction mode (0 = none): ISCAN
15 0 Illum inance ca lcu la tio n m ode (0 = none): ILLUM
16 0 UV ca lcu la tio n m ode (0 = none ): IUV
17 2 S olar g eom etry mode (2 = A ir m ass): IMASS
17a 1.5 A ir m ass value: AM ASS
: