26 - Refrigerant Piping

Figure 24-1 Lines should be sloped at least 1/2 in per 10 ft of run in the direction of refrigerant flow
Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Carter Stanfield • David Skaves All rights reserved.
Figure 24-2 Major components of air conditioning and refrigeration systems; (a) Compressor*; (b) Hot gas line; (c) Condenser; (d)
Condensate line (components with asterisks appear on all air conditioning and refrigeration units); (e) Receiver; (f) Liquid line*; (g)
Metering device*; (h) Evaporator*; (i) Suction (vapor) line (j) Accumulator; (k) Operational controls and safeties*

Figure 24-3 Comparison of pressures for R-134a and R-410a

Figure 24-4 Some oil leaves the compressor with the refrigerant

Figure 24-5 Minimum recommended velocities for oil return (feet per minute, FPM)

Figure 24-6 (a) Oil separator (Courtesy Danfoss Inc.)

Figure 24-6 (b) Discharge piping with oil separator. (Courtesy Danfoss Inc.)

Figure 24-7 The condensate line should be large enough to allow free drainage of liquid from the condenser to the receiver

Figure 24-8 Amount of refrigerant charge per foot of line

Figure 24-9 Liquid lines should be supported at least 18 in above metal roofs to prevent excessive temperatures that can cause
flash gas in the liquid line

Figure 24-10 The 30°F temperature drop in this liquid line can indicate the presence of flash gas or a restriction in the liquid line

Figure 24-11 Liquid line static head with lift or drop conditions

Figure 24-12 Reduced size suction gas pipe riser

Figure 24-13 Equivalent length of copper fittings and valves in feet of copper tubing of same size

Figure 24-14 Many manufacturers require that the suction line rise above the height of the evaporator when the compressor is
installed level with, or below, the evaporator coil

Figure 24-15 Hermetic compressor charge limit

Figure 24-16 Vapor line sizing and cooling capacity losses—R-22 air conditioner applications

Figure 24-17 Suction risers should have an oil trap at the bottom and an inverted trap at the top

Figure 24-18 Multiple oil traps should be installed every 20 ft in high suction risers (© 2008 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products
LLC.)

Figure 24-19 Double suction riser

Figure 24-20 Discharge line risers should have a trap at the bottom to prevent liquid accumulation in the compressor head

Figure 24-21 This discharge check valve keeps liquid refrigerant from draining down on top of the compressor head during the off
cycle

Figure 24-22 Typical oil equilibration piping for multiple compressors (Courtesy of Bitzer US Inc.)

Figure 24-23 Typical oil control system for multiple compressors

Figure 24-24 Liquid can drain from the top evaporator to the bottom evaporator with incorrectly piped evaporators

Figure 24-25 Properly piped evaporators prevent liquid from draining into the lower evaporator

Figure 24-26 Multiple evaporators operating at different temperatures using a common suction line (Courtesy of Sporlan
Division-Parker Hannifin Corporation.)

Figure 24-27 Nomographs like this are used to determine the velocity of refrigerant through refrigeration lines

Figure 24-28 Liquid line selection using a nomograph for pressure drop

Figure 24-29 Refrigerant lines and insulation

Figure 24-30 Refrigerant line insulation is available in split and unsplitforms (Courtesy of K-Flex USA L.L.C )

Figure 24-31 Unsplit pipe insulation is placed on the copper tubing before it is connected to the system

Figure 24-32 Proper support for piping

Figure 24-33 Maximum spacing between supports for type L copper tubing

Figure 24-34 Wood pieces are inserted into the insulation to support the pipe at each pipe hanger

Figure 24-35 This refrigeration piping on this system is isolated from the vibration of this compressor by flexible connectors at the
compressor

Figure 24-36 This hermetic compressor has a built in discharge muffler to dampen discharge gas pulsations


26 - Refrigerant Piping

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Figure 24-1 Lines should be sloped at least 1/2 in per 10 ft of run in the direction of refrigerant flow

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fundamentals of HVAC/R, First Edition ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.

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