F. Y. B.

Tech Academic Year 2020-21

Trimester:I Subject: Basics of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Name: Yog Patil Division: 18

Roll No: 118047 Batch: 3

Experiment No: 2

Name of the Experiment: Finding Resonant Frequency of series R-L-C circuit

Aim : Finding Resonant Frequency of series R-L-C circuit

Objective

To understand the resonance in series R-L-C circuit and to find out resonant frequency of
given R-L-C circuit

Components and equipment required

Components Specifications

Signal Generator Audio frequency range

AC Ammeter 0-1 A

R-L-C circuit board

Theory

In the series R-L-C circuit, when inductive reactance 𝑋 equals the capacitive reactance 𝑋
circuit is called as series resonance circuit. Circuit behaves like a resistive circuit and the
resulting current is in phase with the applied voltage. Circuit power factor is unity. At
resonance, the equivalent impedance of the circuit consists of only resistive components
due to cancelling out the reactive components. At this condition circuit draws the
maximum current shown in Fig.4 due to minimum impedance of the circuit as shown in
Fig.3. As 𝑋 is directly proportional to frequency and 𝑋 is inversely proportional to
frequency, we can obtain the resonance of any R-L-C circuit by varying its frequency.
The frequency, at which this condition occurs, is known as resonance frequency 𝑓 of that
circuit. The magnitude of the resonating frequency can be calculated using eq.(1)
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 𝑓 (1)

During series resonance, voltage magnification is observed. Voltage across the capacitor
or inductor is multiple times the supply voltage. This can be observed using the term Q
factor or Quality factor of the circuit which is given by eq. (2)

Fig.2: Impedance vs frequency Fig.3: Current vs frequency

Procedure
1) Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.1
2) Give 5V peak to peak sinusoidal input at 1 KHz from the signal generator.
3) Change the frequency and obtain the maximum current in the circuit. Vary frequency
from 800 Hz to 2800Hz. Note down this reading at resonant frequency.
4) Adjust frequencies for five equally spaced readings above and below the resonant
frequency and note down corresponding current values.

Fig. 1: Series R-L-C Circuit

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 CIRCUIT:
RLC Circuit(110001)

Component list of RLC circuit

Observations:
1) Components used in the series circuit:
i) 𝐿 =10 mH ii) C = 1 µF iii) 𝑅 =30 Ω
Use R= 30 Ohms, L=10 MH, C=1 microF

2) Observation Table
Sr. No Frequency (KHz) Voltage (V) Curent (mA)

1 0.8 1.00 33.33

2 0.95 1.32 44.00

3 1 1.40 46.67

4 1.1 1.80 60

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 5 1.2 2.40 80

6 1.4 4.00 133.33

7 1.5 4.40 146.67

8 1.59 5.00 166.67

9 1.65 4.60 153.33

10 1.8 4.00 133.33

11 2.1 2.40 80

Tinkercad simulation of RLC series circuit with Voltage across R being observed on
oscilloscope.

Graph and Calculations

1) Plot graph of Voltage V vs. Frequency 𝑓

2) Mark resonant frequency 𝑓 from the graph.
3) Calculate resonant frequency 𝑓 using eq.(1).

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By this graph resonant frequency should be 1590 hz.

CALCULATIONS:

Result:

Resonance Frequency
(KHz)

Practical Value 1.590

Theoretical Value 1.591

Conclusion:

1. The above experiment successfully demonstrated the production of

resonating frequency in the circuit consist of a resistor, inductor and capacitor.
2. The production of resonance frequency was observed correctly with the help
of the oscilloscope and with the help of the graph between Voltage (V) and
Frequency (F)
3. The experiment also helped us to understand the derivation for the expression
of resonating frequency.

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Post Lab Questions:

1. Derive the expression for resonance frequency.

ANS-1 The formula for resonant frequency for a series

Derivation:Let us consider a series connection of R, L and C. This series connection

is excited by an AC source.

Let us first calculate the impedance Z of the circuit.

Z = R + jωL – j/ωC
= R + j(ωL – 1/ ωC)
Under the condition of resonance, the circuit is purely resistive. This means, the
imaginary part of the impedance Z will be zero during resonance condition or at
resonant frequency. You should always keep this in your mind while calculating
resonant frequency for a given circuit. This means,
(ωL – 1/ ωC) = 0 ωL =
1/ωC ω2 = 1/(LC) As, we
know that ω =

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 1/2πf Therefore, f =
1/2πω
Resonant Frequency (f0) for Series Resonance Circuit,

2. Explain the reactance curves (X vs f) for series circuit.

Capacitive Reactance against Frequency

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3. Give applications of resonant circuit.
ANS-3 The resonant RLC circuits have many applications like:

• Oscillator circuit, radio receivers, and television sets are used for the tuning
purpose.
• The series and RLC circuit mainly involves in signal processing and
communication system.
• The Series resonant LC circuit is used to provide voltage
magnification.
• Series and parallel LC circuit are used in induction heating.

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