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8 Á|üC„ nqTã+<Ûä+ ãT<Ûäyês¡+ 1 |òæÁãe] 2023
counted.
GENERAL ENGLISH
1. I stepped in a puddle. (How many puddles
did you step in? Just one. Therefore, use
a.)
2. I drank a glass of milk. (Glasses of milk
can be counted)
ARTICLES R The metre is a unit of length. Rnames of holy books the Ramayana, the 3. I saw an apple tree. (Apple trees can be
Qa, an, the are called pointing words or Q. When we refer to some particular person Mahabharata, the Bible, the Quran. counted)
ARTICLES. or thing, we use the instead of a or an. Rnames of newspapers the Tribune, the The must be used when the noun cannot be
Look at the sentence : The boy kicked a ball R I saw a boy riding on an ass. Hindustan Times, the Times of India, the counted.
into an orchard. R The boy was wearing a hat. Statesman. 1. I dived into the water. (How many waters
R The ass was white. R well-known single objects The earth did you dive into? The question doesn't
Sometimes there is a describing word
moves round the sun. The moon is shin- make any sense because water is non
between the pointing word and the nam- R Here the means the particular one
ing in the sky. All the world's a stage. countable. Therefore, use the.)
ing word, like this : The little boy kicked we are talking about, not the others.
Rnames of races or nations the Hindus, the 2. I saw the milk spill. (How many milks?
an old ball into a big orchard. Q The is always used before : Muslims, the Sikhs, the British, the Milk cannot be counted)
Q. The second thing we must note is that we R names of rivers the Ganges, the Nile, French.
the Thames. 3. I admired the foliage. (How many
use an instead of a before a word that R adjectives in the superlative degree
R names of oceans and seas the Indian foliages? Foliage cannot be counted)
begins with a vowel. There are five vowels : Honesty is the best policy.
a, e , i , o , u Ocean, the Arabian Sea, the Persian Gulf, Rfirst, second, third, tenth, etc. January is Q. First vs. Subsequent Mention.
R In the first sentence we wrote : ……….. the Bay of Bengal. the first month of the year. R A or an is used to introduce a noun
into an orchard, because orchard begins R names of mountain-ranges the Q. Countable vs. Non countable when it is mentioned for the first time in
with the vowel O. Andamans, the Alps, the Himalayas. A and an are used if the noun can be a piece of writing. The is used afterward
RIn the second sentence we wrote : ……… each time you mention that same noun.
Ex : I bought a book. The book was interesting.
into a big orchard, because big does not
begin with a vowel. Exercise
RWe also wrote : ………… an old ball, Fill up the blanks with suitable articles
because old begins with the vowel O. 1. We saw _______ Englishman riding on
Q. We use an instead of a before a word _______ elephant.
beginning with a silent h. 2. We saw ______ old beggar riding on
an hour late, an honest man, an heir to the ________ ass.
throne, an honourable man. 3. ________ apple ______ day keeps
______ doctor away.
Q. We use a instead of an before such vowels 4. ______ umbrella is _______ useful thing.
as have the sound of 'yoo'.
5. He is ________ Indian but his wife is
R An umbrella is a useful thing. _________ American.
R A union of sweepers was formed. 1) an,an 2) an, an 3) an, a, the 4) an,a
R A European was killed in an accident. 5) an, an
R He is a university student.
SSC/RRB/PSC
POLICE/ BANK EXAMS
Alphabet series
REASONING
It implies that 15-8=7th letter from the left. Ex.6: If the letters of the word CENTRIFU- In the original alphabet 21st letter from left
In this type of questions a sequence of eng- But the order of the first half of the letters GAL are arranged which letter will be is U but U has been interchanged with B.
lish alphabets (either individual letter series has been reversed. Thus third to the right of the seventh letter Therefore, our required answer will be let-
or a sequence of combination of letters) is M L K J I H G F E D C B A N O PQ.. from your right? ter B.
provided which are usually called TERMS 1) U 2) N 3) C 2.(3)According to the question the new
of the sequence. All the terms in sequence Ex.2: If the position of the first letter of 4) I 5) None of these sequence would be
follow a certain pattern throughout the se- English alphabet is interchanged with Answer (2) FEDCBALKJ I HGR Q PONMXWVUTSZY
ries. The candidates are required to recog- the position of the fourteenth letter, sec- The alphabetical arrangement of letter of
nise this pattern and either complete the ond letter with fifteenth letter in such a the given word: 3rd to the right of G +3 +4
series with most suitable alternative or find 3.(2)D G K
way that M is interchanged with Z, them
out the wrong term in the series. The ques- In the subsequent term the first two letters
which of the following letters will be 9th
tions based on English alphabets generally A C E F G I L N R T U are taken from the preceeding term. The
to the right of 17th letter from the right?
harp on the relative positions of alphabets. second and the third letters of the first term
1)F 2) E 3) R 4) T
Therefore, you should remember the posi- In this question you have to find out third constitute the first and the second letters
5) None fo these
tions of alphabet both from left to right and letter to the right of the seventh letter from respectively.
Answer : (1)
from right to left. If you do know the posi- your right. Hence, you canfind the answer 2nd term → G KP
tion number of any alphabet from right Answer to question the new sequence
quickly by applying subtraction method. First two letters of the next term.
number of any alphabet from right to left. If would be
Required letter will be = 7-3=4th from right 4th term → PV C
you do know the position number of any NOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFG
The second and the third letters of the third
alphabet from left to right, then you can HIJKLM
A C E F G I L N R T U term
determine its position in the reverse order 9th to the right of 17th letter from the right
Therefore, 3rd term will be letters
of subtracting that position number from 27, means (17-9) =8th letter from the right.
¢ IN YET ANOTHER type of questions of
for instance, the position number of letter H 8th letter from right ⇒ F
alphabets, all the letters A to Z are
is 8 in English alphabet if we countfrom left
assigned certain numerical value and then
SERIES
to right. Now you can easily find out its pos-
some questions are asked which can be
tion number counting from your right. Its
solved by calculating the value of the given
position number thus, in the reverse order
alphabets. Now consider the following
would be 27-8=19th. You can verify this fact
examples.
by reffering to the following illustration.
Ex. If all the consonants starting from B are
Some important tips for solving questions
SOMETIMES a set of four or five questions given sequentially the value of even num-
based on English alphabet. Ex.3 : In the given English alphabet if the let-
are asked on English alphabet pertaining to bers such as B=2, C=4 and so on and all
i. From your right implies from right to left ters begining with B and every second
relative position of a letter with respect to the vowels are given the value of 5 each,
ii. From your left implies from left to right letter after them is written in capital lette
another letter in the alphabet series from then what will be the value of the letters of
iii. To the right implies from left to right. -rs and others written in small letters then
either left or right. Now consider the foll- the word CUSTOM?
the word conclude will be written as:
iv. To the left implies from right to left wing examples: 1) 92 2) 86 3) 82
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST
v. If you have find out a letter to the right your Directions (1-3): Following questions are based 4) 96 5) none of these
UVWXYZ
right, you should apply the subtraction on English alphabet Ans (4)
method. 1) CoNCIUdE 2) COnCLUdE
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ According to question
vi. If you to find out a letter to the right of a cer- 3) COnCIUDE 4) ConCludE
Ex.1: If the letters from T to Z are inter- Now,
tain letter counting from your left you should 5) None of these
changed in opposite order by the letters A B C D E F G H I J K L M
apply the addition method. Answer : (3)
A to G in such a way that A takes the ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
vii. You should remember EJOTY, which helps According to question the structure of position of T and so on, then which will
5 2 4 6 5 8 10 12 5 14 16 18 20
in determining the position of other alpha- alphabets would be : be third letter to the right of 18th letter
bets counting from your left. Each letter in ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
AbCdEfGhIjKlMnOpQrStUv from left?
the term EJOTY represents the position WxYz N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
1) Y 2) U 3) B
which is multiple of 5. Thus. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
C O N C L U D E 4) C 5) None of these
E J O T Y 22 5 24 26 28 30 32 5 34 36 38 40 42
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Ex.2: If first 6 letters shall be written in
5 10 15 20 25 C O n C l U d E opposite order, then the next 6 letters C U S T O M
From left to right Ex.4: In the following letter series which of shall be written in opposite order and so ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
the alternatives given below will come in on. At the end Y will be interchanged by 4 + 5 + 30 + 32 + 5 + 20 = 96
viii. Similarly, the term VQLGB signifies the the place of the question mark(?)? Z then which will be the fourth letter to
same arrangement in the reverse order of 1) jk 2) im 3) mn 4) nm the left of 13th letter from right? EX- If the value of bombay is then what is the
English alphabets. 5) none of these 1) J 2) H 3) I value of chennai ?
Thus, Ans : (3) 4) O 5) none of these 1) 55 2) 54 3) 56
V Q L G B +1 +1 +1 +1
Ex.3 : What will come in place of the ques- 4) 96 5) none of these
5 10 15 20 25 ef vu gh ts ij rq kl po mn tion mark in the following series ? Ans (2)
-1 -1 -1 -1 DGK GKP? PVC bombay - 2+12+13+2+1+25 =55
Ex.1:If the order of first half of the letters in Ex. 5:If all the letters in the word EXTOR- 1) GKV 2) KPV 3) PVZ chennai - 3+8+5+14+14+1+9=54
the English alphabet is reversed which TIONISTS are arranged in alphabetical 4) KPU 5) none of these
letter will be eigth to the left of fifteenth order which letter will be at the middle A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Answers with Explanation
letter from the left? position? ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
1.(3) According to question the new sequence
1) F 2) H 3) G 4) I 1) S 2) R 3) T 4) N 5) O would be : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
5) None of these Answer : (2) ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
TUVWXYZHIJKLMNOPQRSA
Answer : (3) Alphabetical order BCDEFG Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N
Required letter ⇒ 8th to the left of 15th let- EIINOO G SSTTTX 3rd letter to the right of 18th letter from left ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
ter from the left. ↓ Middle letter means 21st letter (3+18) from the left. 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
ãT<Ûäyês¡+ 1 |òæÁãe] 2023 Á|üC„ nqTã+<Ûä+ 11
TSPSC
GROUP-1,2,4
J.L, D.L
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