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ôd˝Ÿ : 9490138489, 9490098908
2
email: chekumuki@gmail.com

ôdô|º+ãsY 2022
#Ó≈£îeTTøÏ

What would be the duration of the lunar month
if the distance to the Moon were four times the
present one? Can such an orbit be possible at
all?
Theoretically, using Kepler's third law we find
If the orbital radius R increases 4 times, the
orbital period P would increase 43/2 = 8 times.
Then, in a year, the Moon will only make 1.5
revolutions around the Earth. However, the
increase in the lunar orbital radius will result
in the increase of the Sun's gravitational pull
on the Moon: the difference in the gravita-
tional accelerations of the Moon and the Earth
toward of the Sun can become greater than
the acceleration of the Moon towards the
Earth, and the Earth would lose its satellite.
This is a well-known tidal effect, and the criti-
cal distance at which the planet loses its sat-
ellites to the gravitational attraction of the Sun
is called the Hill's radius rt. Let us estimate rt.
The gravitational acceleration of a body at or-
bital radius rt to the centre of the Earth is
The difference in accelerations a of two bod-
ies at distances R1 and R2 from the centre of
the Sun is given by
Assuming R= (R1 - R2)<<Rmean ≡ (R1 + R2)/
2, and writing Rmean instead of R1 and R2 in
the equation for a, after some algebra we
get
#Ó≈£îeTTøÏ ôdô|º+ãsY 2022
- Dr Priya Hasan
MANUU, Hyderabad, 9701811881
By definition, when R=rt, a = a and, there-
fore,
from where we obtain estimate for the Hill's
radius rt:
Substituting the values for the mass of the
Earth and the Sun, and taking Rmean = 1 AU,
we obtain rt = 0.0115 AU. The radius of the
lunar orbit re = 384,400 km = 0.00257 AU.
Therefore, 4re = 0.0103  rt. Essentially, it
means that such lunar orbit will be unstable
and, thus, not possible.
Is it true that on 21st March and 23rd
September the duration of day and night is the
same everywhere on Earth?
Strictly speaking, this is not true. Firstly, due to
the atmospheric refraction, the Sun rises a little
bit earlier and sets a little bit later than it would
be in the absence of the atmosphere. The length
of the day is therefore longer, and the moment of
equal day and night shifts from these dates.
Secondly, at the same physical moment of time,
different places on Earth may have different dates
due to the differences in the local time. And finally,
the equinox (the moment of transit of the center
of the Solar disc through the point of intersection
of the equator and the ecliptic) does not take place
on the same day since the calendar year is equal
to the tropical year only on average, and the true
length of the year is not
an integer (it is ≈ 365.25)
WhatsApp me at
+919701811881 and ask
questions! On
Astronomy! Physics!
Careers! Anything!
3
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 Fibonacci Sequence
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34..... - S. Madhavi,
In mathematics, the fibonacci numbers M.Sc, M.Ed, S.A. (Mathematics),
commonly denoted by Fn, form a sequence ZPHS Lingapuram, V.Kota (M), Chittor.
called Fibonacci Sequence, in which each
number is the sum of the two preceeding num- by the greek letter ‘Phi’ and it can be found
bers. The sequence commonly starts from 0 across all of nature plants, animals weather
and 1. structures, star systems. It is ever present in
the universe.
Our human bodies have the golden ra-
tio from the navel to the floor and the top of
the head to the navel. We find it in the shapes
of hurricanes. Elephant tusks, star fish, fin-

History:
The Fibonacci Sequence is named af-
ter Leonardo of Pisa who introduced the se-
quence to the western world in his book Liber
Abaci in 1202. Later he was famous as Fi-
bonacci though it was introduced first by him.
It had been noted by Indian mathematicians
as early in the 6th century. In a work by
Pingala on enumerating possible pattern of
sanskrit poetry formed from syllables of two
lengths. ger prints, snails etc.,
Fibonacci sequence - Golden ratio: Fibonacci Coding:
Binet’s formula expresses the nth Fi- In mathematics and computing, Fi-
bonacci sequence interms of n and the golden bonacci coding is a universal code which en-
ratio and implies that the ratio of two con- codes positive integers in to binary code work.
secutive fibonacci numbers tends to golden It is one example of representations of inte-
ratio. The golden ratio is 1.618 represented gers based on Fibonacci numbers. Each code

6
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word ends with “11” and contains no other
instances of “11” before the end.
The following table shows that the num-
ber ‘65’ is represented in fibonacci coding as
0100100011, since 65=2+8+55. The first two
fibonacci numbers (0 and 1) are not used, and
an additional 1 is always appended.
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 -
F(0) F(1) F(2) F(3) F(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) F(8) F(9) F(10) added
- - 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
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Applications of fibonacci numbers in-
clude computer algorithm such as the
fibonacci search technique and fibonacci heap
data structure and graphs used for inter con-
necting parallel and distributed systems. The
concept of fibonacci numbers are used in ar-
chitectures, sculptures, designing logos of
various top rated industries.
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#Ó≈£îeTTøÏ
 Back to the Moon: Artemis Mission
What is the Artemis Program?
Artemis is NASA’s new lunar exploration
program. The first woman and the first person of
colour will be sent to the Moon as part of Artemis.
NASA’s Artemis missions will make use of
cutting-edge technology to study the Moon in
fresh and improved ways and get ready for
manned missions to Mars.
Why Is This Program Called Artemis?
The Apollo Program was the name given to the
initial lunar missions and NASA putthe first
person on the moon on July 20, 1969. That
programme carries the name Apollo, a figure from
Greek mythology.
In Greek mythology, Artemis, the goddess of the
Moon, was Apollo’s identical twin sister. The
South Pole of the Moon is where the Artemis
astronauts will stand when they touch down.
Mission Plan
Artemis 1 is currently scheduled to launch on
August 29, 2022 from the Kennedy Space Center
in Cape Canaveral, Florida. Artemis I will be the
first integrated flight test of NASA’s deep space
exploration system, which includes the Orion
spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket,
and ground equipment. Artemis I with the
unmanned Orion spacecraft will launch atop the
most potent rocket in the world and, over the
course of around a three-week mission, will go
thousands of miles beyond the Moon, farther than
any spacecraft constructed for people has ever
#Ó≈£îeTTøÏ ôdô|º+ãsY 2022
- Dr Priya Hasan
MANUU, Hyderabad, 9701811881
flown. Orion will be in an orbit around the moon
and subsequently bring it back to Earthwith the
help of parachute.
Artemis II will be the first crewed test mission
for the SLS and Orion spacecraft (2024). Orion
will be launched onto a free-return route around
the Moon after rigorous testing by the four crew
members in Earth orbit, then brought back to Earth
for re-entry and splashdown.
A crewed lunar landing will take place on Artemis
III in 2025. Prior to the launch of SLS/Orion, a
support mission is required to install a Human
Landing System (HLS) in a near-rectilinear halo
orbit (NRHO) of the Moon. The Orion spacecraft
with a crew of four, including the first woman
and the first person of colour to set foot on the
Moon, will be sent by SLS/Orion to rendezvous
and dock with HLS after HLS has arrived at
NRHO. Transferring to HLS, two astronauts will
spend around 6.5 days on the lunar surface when
the spacecraft descends to it. Before the HLS
ascends to bring the astronauts back to a
rendezvous with Orion, the crew will conduct at
least two EVAs on the surface. Orion. Orion will
return the four astronauts to Earth.
Using an SLS block 1B, Artemis IV(2027) is a
crewed mission to the Lunar Gateway station in
NRHO. The first two gateway modules will be
11
delivered to NRHO by a previous support mission.
SLS/Orion will be able to deliver the I-HAB
gateway module for connection to the Gateway
thanks to the additional power of the Block 1B.
It is planned to land astronauts on the lunar surface
starting with Artemis V and continuing through
Artemis VIII and beyond, where they will make
use of growing infrastructure that will be delivered
by support missions. These will comprise habitats,
rovers, scientific gear, and machinery for resource
exploitation.
What Will Artemis Astronauts Do on the
Moon?
The Artemis 3 crew will visit the Moon’s South
kÕs¡T>∑T dæ+<ÛäT
Äs¡e ‘·s¡>∑‹
õ˝≤¢ |ü]wü‘Y ñqï‘· bÕsƒ¡XÊ\
»ø±ÿ|üPsY
12
ôdô|º+ãsY 2022
Pole. No one has ever been there.
Astronauts will do the following on the moon:
• Look for and use the water there.
• Investigate the Moon to learn about its
mysteries.
• Acquire the skills necessary to survive and
carry out daily tasks three days away from
Earth on the surface of another celestial body.
• Before sending astronauts on voyages to
Mars, which can take up to three years
roundtrip, test the technologies we’ll require.
We all look forward to exciting times!!!
#·Tø£ÿ l»
@&Ée ‘·s¡>∑‹
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>∑T]+∫ |ü]XÀ~Û+#·{≤ìøÏ 1918˝À sêãsYº yÓTø±ÿ]düHé
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kÕ«‘·+Á‘ê´q+‘·s¡+ 1958˝À Bìì ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é≈£î
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13

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Food
• Any nutritious substance that
living beings eat or drink or
that plants absorb to maintain
life and growth.
• Food is usually of plant,
animal or fungal origin and
contains essential nutrients
like carbohydrates, proteins,
fats, vitamin and minerals.
• Nutrients provide energy for
activity, growth and all body
functions like breathing,
digestion, keeping body
tempereture and immune
system healthy etc.
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` Ábıˆˆ ø£{≤º dü‘·´Á|ükÕ<é,
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15
 Nutrients
• No organism including
humans can survive without
food. Therefore humans try to
procure food by all means.
• Needed for growth (building
cells), repair (healing a
wound), and maintaining life
(breathing).
• For optimal growth of
organisms, balanced food
consisting of various essential
ingredients like carbohydrates,
proteins, minerals, vitamins
etc. is required.
• Protect us against non
communicable diseases such
as heart disease, diabetes and
cancer.
16
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• Seven essential factors in a
balanced diet are: Carbohy-
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tamins, minerals and water.
• Healthy diet include fresh
fruits, vegetables, whole
grains, legumes, low fat milk,
eggs, lean meat, fish and poul-
try.
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17
 National Nutrition
Week (September 1-7)
• Govt. of India initiated the
celebration of National Nutri-
tion Week every year during
first week of september (1-7)
since 1982.
• To raise awareness and edu-
cate people on the importance
of nutrition.
To develop healthy life style
•
and to eat balanced diet.
• “Celebrating World Flavors”
is the theme of 2022.
18
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 Polynomials
An algebraic expression in which the variables
- M. Chandrama Naidu,
involved have only non-negative integral
S.A.(M) ZPHS, Menatampalle, G.D.
powers in called a “Polynomial”.
Nellore(M), Chittor Dist. Ph: 9441031117
Eg: x2 + 4x+4, x2 +xy+y2 are polynomials.
x1/2+3 and 2x2 -3/x+5 are not polynomials.
Types of polynomials according to
Polynomials in on variable:
number of terms
Algbraic expressions such as 2x, 3x, -x, 3/
4x... are all in one variable x. These expres- Number of Name of the
Example Terms
sions are of the form (a constant) x (some non-zero polynomial
terms
power of a variable).
1 Monomial 2x 2x
In general algebraic expressions will be ax,
2 Bionomial 3x+5 3x, 5
by, cz... etc., Here a, b, c.. are arbitrary con-
3 Trinomial 2x2+5x+1 2x2, 5x, 1
stants. Algebraic expression like x3, x2+2x+1,
x3+ 3x2-4x+5 are polynomials in one variable. A polynomial may be a mutlinomial, but ev-
Degree of the polynomial: ery multinomoal need not be a polynomial.
The degree of a polynomial is the highest A linear polynomial with one variable may
degree of its variable term. In the polynomial be a monomial or binomial. Eg: 5x 0r 2x+5.
3x2+7x+5, as the term 3x2 has the highest de- Value of a polynomial:
gree among all the other terms. If p(x) is a polynomial in x and ∝ is a real
∴ The degree of 3x2+7x+5 is “2”. number, then the value of a polynomial is
A polynomial in one variable ‘x’ of degree obtained by putting x= ∝ in p(n) is called the
‘n’ is an expression of the form anxn+an-1xn- value of p(x) at x= ∝
1
+... +a, x + a0 Ex: p(x) = 2x+5, then its value at x=2 is given
where a0, a1, a2... an are constants and an≠ 0. by p(2) = 2.2.+5 = 4+5=9.
In particualr, if a0= a1= a2= a3= ..... an = 0, ie Thus, the value of p(x) at x=2 is 9.
all coefficients are zero, we get the “Zero poly- Zeroes of a polynomial:
nomial”, which is denoted by ‘0’. The zero of a polynomial p(x) is the value of
x, for which p(x)=0. This value is also called
Types of polynomials according to degree a roof of the polynomial p(x).
Degree of a Name of the polyno- Example A linear polynomial is one variable has only
polynomial mial one zero. Quadratic polynomial in one vari-
Not Zero polynomial 0 able has only two zeroes and cubic polyno-
defined
mial in one variable has utmost three zeroes.
Zero contant polynomial 5, -12, 3/4 etc
1 Linear polynomial x+12, 7x-8, ax+b etc Linear polynomial Zero of the polynomial
2 Quadratic polynomial 2x2+5x+1, 3x2+7x+5 x+a -a
3 Cubic polynomial 3x3-2x2+5x+7 x-a +a
A polynomial of degree ‘n’ is called nth de- ax+b -b/a
gree polynomial ax-b +b/a

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UNION BANK
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M/s Manager Vidyarthi Chekumuki
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BRANCH: Chikkadpally, Hyderabad , m|òt`2,
MIG-2, Block-20
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