Objective

To develop the principle of work and energy and apply it to

solve problems that involve force, velocity, and displacement.
 Work of a force
Force F does work on a particle only
when the particle undergoes a
displacement in the direction of the force
F

U=F.S
F
U = (F cos q) . S
S
Example 14.1
The 10-kg block shown in Figure rests on the smooth
incline. If the spring is originally stretched 0.5 m,
determine the total work done by all the forces acting
on the block when a horizontal force P= 400 N pushes
the block up the plane s= 2m.
Example 14.1

P  400N k  30N/m
θ  30 m  10kg
original sretched 0.5 m
U Total  ?

1) U P  P  ds  400N  ( 2 cos30 )  692.8 J

1 1
2 ) U Fs   k ( s2  s1 )    30(2.52  0.52 )  90 J
2 2

2 2
3 ) UW  mg  ( y )  98.1 (2 sin 30)  98.1 J

NB does no work since it is always perpendicular to the displacement

 U P U Fs  UW  692.8  90  98.1  505 J

Example 14.2
The 3500-lb automobile shown in the figure is
travelling down the 10ᵒ inclined road at a speed of 20 ft/s. If
the driver jams on the brakes, causing his wheels to lock,
determine how far s his tires skid on the road. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the wheels and the
road is µk = 0.5
 Example 14.2

w= 3500 Ib
v1= 20 ft/s
V2=0
mk=0.5
y s= ?

Using the principle of Work & Energy

T1   U1 2  T2
x

1 1
mv1  (W sin θ  s  FA s )  mv2
2 2

2 2
  Fy  0 N  W cosq  3500cos10  3446.8 Ib

FA  mN  m W cosq  0.5 * 3446.8  1723.4 Ib

1 3500
( )(20) 2  3500( S ) sin10  1723.4( S )  0
2 32.2
S  19.5 ft
Suggested Problems

R.C. Hibbler
Chapter 14:
Related Examples
Problems: F14-1 to F14-5
14-1 to 14-13 and 14-21
 Power and Efficiency

Objectives:
Determine power generated by the machine, engine or motor.
Mechanical efficiency of the machine
 Applications

The power requirements of this elevator depend upon the vertical force F that acts on the
elevator and causes it to move upwards
 Power and Efficiency
• Power is defined as the amount of work performed per unit time.
“rate of doing work”

dU F  dr dr
P   F  Fv
dt dt dt

W  N m/ s  J / s
1 hp  550 ft  lb / s
 746 W

• Mechanical Efficiency :

Efficiency(ε ) 
power output energy output
power input

energy input
1
 Example 14-8
The motor M of the hoist shown in Fig. 14-15 a operates with an
efficiency of ε = 0.85. determine the power that must be supplied to the
motor to lift the 75-lb crate C at the instant point P on the cable has an
acceleration of 4 ft/s2 and a velocity of 2 ft/s. Neglect the mass of the
pulley and cable.
  0.85 2sC  sP  l
Pin  ?
2aC  aP
W  75 Ib
1
a p  4 ft / s 2 aC   aP  2 ft/s2
2
v p  2 ft / s

  Fy  maC
W  2T  maC
75
75  2T   (2)
32.2
 T  39.8lb

P  T  v  Tv
P  39.8  2  79.6 Ib. ft / s :As 1 hp = 550 lb. ft/s
P  79.6 / 550  0.145hp

Pout 0.145
   0.85  Pin  0.17 (hp)
Pin Pin
Suggested Problems

R.C. Hibbler
Examples 14-7
Problems: 14-53, 14-62 and all other related problems
The total energy of the system remain
conserved/constant if the work is performed by only
conservative force/forces
If the work of a force is independent of the path and
depends on the force’s initial and final positions on the
path, then we can classify this force as a conservative
force.
• Energy: “capacity for doing work”
– Energy comes from the motion -> Kinetic energy

– Energy comes from the position-> Potential energy

– Potential energy is a measure of the amount of

work a conservative force will do when it moves from
a given position to the datum.

– In mechanics, potential energy due to gravity

(weight) or an elastic spring is important and we are
interested more in change in potential energy rather
than absolute potential energy
Suggested Problems

R.C. Hibbler
Examples 14-9 to 14-11
Problems: All related problems
Thank You.