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Ensayos en Tornillos Con Tratamiento Termico
Ensayos en Tornillos Con Tratamiento Termico
by:
Daniel H. Herring Fastener reliability and performance is assured by
“The Heat Treat Doctor”®, President testing. Since heat treatment can have a profound
The HERRING GROUP, Inc.
P.O. Box 884 influence on final properties, it is important to test the
Elmhurst, IL 60126-0884 USA
www.heat-treat-doctor.com product at this point in the manufacturing process.
Richard D. Sisson, Jr.
George F. Fuller Professor
Center for Heat Treating Excellence
Director of Manufacturing and
Materials Engineering
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01602 USA
www.wpi.edu/Academics/Research/CHTE/
procedure, and sufficient baking to drive off any residual Mechanical and Physical Axial tensile strength of ASTM A370/ASTM F606/
hydrogen. Testing and Inspection full-size threaded fasteners SAE J429/SAE J1216/ISO 6892
Corrosion. Fastener failure due to corrosion can be Charpy Impact (V-notch) ASTM A370/ASTM E23
relatively slow, or surprising rapid. It is usually defined Compression Test of Washers ASME B18.21.1
as the amount of time before white or red rust appears on
Cone Proof Load of Internally ASTM F606
the surface of a fastener and is measured in terms of hours Threaded Fasteners (nuts)
of resistance to a salt spray (fog) test. Drive Test ANSI/ASME B18.6.4/SAE J933
Some of the more common fastener testing specifica- Hardness Preparation ASTM F606
tions are as follows:
Microhardness of Fasteners ASTM E384
• NASM 1312-5 (Replaces MIL-STD-1312-5): Standard
test method to determine Hydrogen Embrittlement Proof Load of Full-Sized ASTM A370/ASTM F606/
Externally Threaded Fasteners SAE J429/SAE J1216
(stress durability) of internally threaded fasteners.
Proof Load of Internally ASTM A370/ASTM F606/
• NASM 1312-7: Standard for accelerated vibration testing. Threaded Fasteners (nuts) SAE J995
• NASM 1312-8 (Replaces MIL-STD-1312-8): Standard Proof Torque Test ASTM F912
test method to determine tensile strength of externally
Rockwell Hardness ASTM A370/ASTM E18/
and internally threaded fasteners. of Fasteners SAE J417/ISO 6508-1
• NASM 1312-10 (Replaces MIL-STD-1312-10): Standard Rockwell Superficial ASTM A370/ASTM E18/
test method for Stress-Rupture. Hardness of Fasteners SAE J417
• NASM 1312-11 (Replaces MIL-STD-1312-11): Standard Tension Testing of Machined ASTM A370/ASTM F606/
Specimens from Externally SAE J429/ASTM E8
test method for determining tension fatigue of bolts, Threaded Fasteners ISO 6892
screws and nuts at room temperature.
Torsional Strength Test of SAE J78/SAE J933/
• NASM 1312-12 (Replaces MIL-STD-1312-12): Standard test Thread Rolling and Self- ANSI/ASME B18.6.4
Drilling Tapping Screws
method for determining thickness of metallic coatings.
Total Extension at Fracture of ASTM F606/ISO 6892
• NASM 1312-13 (Replaces MIL-STD-1312-3A): Externally Threaded Fasteners
Fastener Test Methods for Double Shear Tests.
Twist Test of Lock Washers ASME B18.21.1
• NASM 1312-15 (Replaces MIL-STD-1312-15): Standard test
method for determining the room temperature torque-tension Wedge Tensile Strength of ASTM A370/ASTM F606/
Full-Sized Threaded SAE J429/SAE J1216/
relationship for threaded fasteners. Fasteners ISO 6892
• NASM 1312-20 (Replaces MIL-STD-1312-20): Standard Microstructural Analysis Decarburization and Case ASTM E1077/SAE J121/
test method to define procedures and apparatus for
Measurement in Fasteners ASTM A574/ASTM E3/
ASTM A490
testing fasteners in single shear.
Macroscopic Examination ASTM E381/ASTM E340
• NASM 1312-28 (Replaces MIL-STD-1312-28): Standard test of Fasteners by Etching
procedure to determine double shear strength, at elevated Surface Discontinuities of ASTM F788/788M/
temperatures, for all structural fasteners. Externally Threaded ISO 6157-1/ISO 6157-3/
Fasteners SAE J123
• NASM1312-31 (Replaces MIL-STD-1312-31):
Standard test method for torque testing threaded fasteners.
Surface Discontinuities of ASTM F812/SAE J122/
Internally Threaded Fasteners ISO 6157-2
• Tension Testing per ASTM A574. Nondestructive Liquid Penetrant Inspection ASTM E165/MIL-STD-271/
• Fatigue Testing per: NASM8831 Rev.3; MIL-S-5000 REV. Inspection MIL-STD-6866/SAE J426/
ASTM E1417
E; NASM14181; and NASM85604.
Magnetic Particle Inspection ASTM E709/MIL-STD-271/
• ASTM F606: Standard test method to determine the MIL-STD-1949/SAE J420/
mechanical properties of externally and internally ASTM E1444/
ASTM A275/A275M
threaded washers and rivets. Ultrasonic Inspection ASTM A388/A388M/
• ASTM F606M: Standard test method to determine ASTM A577/A577M/
ASTM 745/A745M/ASTM E114
mechanical properties of externally and internally ASTM E273/MIL-STD-271
threaded washers and rivets (metric).
References:
Summing Up • Herring, D. H., Basics of Mechanical Testing, Heat Treating Progress,
Determining the proper test methods for a particular fas- March/April 2005.
tener application, and executing them in such a way as to make • Instron (www.instron.com)
sure that the actual testing does not introduce variability into • NIST (ts.nist.gov)
the results, are important parts of any good quality control • Collaborative Testing Services, Inc. (www.collaborativetesting.com)
system. Often times practical shop tests have been devised that • Bolt Science (www.boltscience.com)
produce highly valid results for fastener systems and should • Westmoreland Mechanical Testing & Research, Inc. (www.wmtr.com)
not be discounted—provided there is adequate historical and • Test Application Handbook Relating to Mechanical Fasteners, Division
field data to support the validity of the tests. VI Aerospace Fasteners, 1995
www.heat-treat-doctor.com / www.wpi.edu/Academics/Research/CHTE/ • Stork Materials Technology (www.storksmt.com) FTI