NORTHEASTERN INTEGRATED SCHOOL MATHEMATICS 9

SECOND QUARTER
OF SAN AGUSTIN, INC.

LESSON 3:
Properties of Radicals
Targeted Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs)
 Derives the laws of radicals.
 Simplifies radical expressions using the laws of radicals.
Lesson Objectives
 Understands the laws of radicals.
 Use the laws of radicals in simplifying radical expressions

“Integrity is doing the right thing even when no one is watching”

INITIAL TASK
Evaluate the following. Show your solutions on your answer sheet.
2
1. 32 5

−5
2. −9 2

3
3. ( √3 8 )

DISCUSSION
The word radical gets its name from the Latin word radix which means root. The number inside the radical
symbol is called the radicand.

RULE
The Product Rule for Radicand
If a and b represents nonnegative real numbers, then √ a ∙ √ b=√ ab .
The product of two square roots is the square root of the product of the radicands.
The square root of a product is equal to the product of the square roots of its factors.

Proof:
We assume that a and b are zero or positive constants.
1 1 1
Definition of as exponent
√ a ∙ √b=a ∙ b 2 2
2
1 1 1
a 2 ∙ b 2 =( ab ) 2 Product property for Exponents
1 1
( ab ) =√ ab
2 Definition of as exponent
2

Example
Use the product rule for radicals to find each product. Assume that all variables represent positive numbers.
a. √ 3 √ 7 b. √ 7 x √ 5 y c. √ 15 √ 15 d. √ 2 √ a+ b

Solution:
a. √ 3 √ 7=√ 3 ∙7 The Product Rule for Radical
¿ √ 21 Simplify

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b. √ 7 x √ 5 y=√ 7 x ∙ 5 y The Product Rule for Radical

¿ √ 35 xy Simplify

c. √ 15 √15=√ 15∙ 15 The Product Rule for Radical

¿ √ 225 = 15 Simplify
d. √ 2 √a+ b= √2 ∙(a+ b) The Product Rule for Radical
¿ √ 2 a+2 b Simplify

Simplifying Square Root Radicals When the Radicand Has a Perfect Square Factor
1. Write the radicand as a product of the greatest perfect square factor and another factor.
2. Use the product rule for radicals to write the expression as a product of two radicals with the perfect square
factor as one radicand.
3. Evaluate the radical with the perfect square radicand.

Example 1
√
Simplify 75 x 3 where x >0.

Solution:
Factor 75 x 3 into two factors, one of which is the greatest perfect square that divides 75 x 3 . Since 25 is the
greatest perfect square that divides 75, and x 2 is the greatest perfect square that divides x 3, then the greatest perfect
square that divides 75 x 3 is 25 x 2.

Use the product rule for radicals to simplify to get

√ 3
√ 2
75 x = 25 x ∙ 3 x Factor 75 x 3.
¿ √ 25 x ∙ √3 x
2
Product Rule for Radicals.
¿5 x√3 x Simplify.

Example 2
Simplify each radical. Assume that no radicands are formed by raising negative quantities to even powers.
1
a. 2 x √ 72 x
5
b.
2
√ 28 x 6 y 9
Solution
a. 2 x √ 72 x 5
¿ 2 x √ 36 x ∙ 2 x The greatest perfect square factor of 72 x5 is 36 x 4 .
4

¿ 2 x √ 36 x 4 √ 2 x Product Rule for Radicals.

¿ 2 x ( 6 x ) √2 x
2
Simplify the radical.
¿ 12 x √ 2 x
3
Multiply.

1
b.
2
√ 28 x 6 y 9
1
¿ √4 x y ∙7 y
6 8
The greatest perfect square factor of 28 x 6 y 9 is 4 x6 y 8.
2
1
¿ √4 x y √7 y
6 8
Product Rule for Radicals
2
1
¿ ( 2 x3 y 4 ) √ 7 y Simplify the radical
2
¿ x3 y 4√ 7 y Multiply.

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Example 3
Simplify each product.
a. √ 2 √ 8 b. √ 5 x7 √ 10 x 9
Solution:
a. √ 2 √ 8=√ 16 Multiply the radicands.
¿4 Evaluate the radical.

b. √ 5 x7 √ 10 x 9 =√50 x 16 Multiply the radicands.

¿ √ 25 x ∙2 The greatest perfect square factor of 50 x 16 is 25 x 16.
16

¿ √ 25 x 16 √2 Product Rule for Radicals

¿5 x
8
√2 Simplify √ 25 x16 .
The Product Rule for Higher Order Roots
For real numbers a and b and any integer n>1,
√n a √n b= √n ab.
If n is even, then a and b must be nonnegative.

Example
Simplify each radical.
a. √3
40 b. √4 112 x 5
Solution:
a. √3
40=√ 8 ∙5
3
The greatest perfect cube factor of 40 is 8.
¿ √ 8 ∙ √5
3 3
Product Rule for Radicals
¿ 2 √3 5 √3 8=2
b. √4 112 x 5= 4√16 x 4 ∙7 x The greatest perfect cube factor of the radicand is 16 x 4 .
¿ √ 16 x 4 4√ 7 x
4
Product Rule for Radicals
¿ 2 x √7 x
4
√4 16 x 4=2 x.
The Quotient Rule for Radicals
If a and b represent nonnegative real numbers where b ≠ 0, then

√ √ a
b
a
= .
b
The square root of a quotient is equal to the quotient of the square roots of the numerator and denominator.

Proof: We assume that a is 0 or positive and b is positive.

√ ( )¿ 1
1
a a
=¿ 2 Definition of as exponent.
b b 2
1

( ab ) = ba
1 2
2
1
Product Property of Exponents
2

1
a2
=
√a Definition of
1
as exponent.
1
√b 2
b 2

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 NORTHEASTERN INTEGRATED SCHOOL MATHEMATICS 9
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Example 1
Simplify each quotient.

a.
√28 x 3 b.
√250 x 8
√7 x √5 x 4
Solution:

a.
√28 x 3 = √28 x 3 √7 x Quotient Rule for Radicals
√7 x √7 x
¿√4 x
2
Simplify the radicand.
¿2 x Simplify the radical.

b.
√250 x 8 = √250 x 8 Quotient Rule for Radicals
√ 5 x 4 √5 x 4
¿ √ 50 x
4
Simplify the radicand.
¿ √ 25 x 4 ∙ 2 The greatest perfect square factor of the radicand is 25 x 4 .
¿5 x
2
√2 Simplify.

Example 2
Simplify the given radicals.

√ √
7
a.
3 b.
12 x
4 3x

Solution:

a.
√ 3 √3
=
4 √4
Quotient Rule for Radicals

¿√
3
Evaluate the denominator.
2

√
7
12 x
=√ 4 x
6
b. Simplify the radicand.
3x
3
¿2 x Evaluate the radical.

Example 3
In each expression, make the denominator a perfect square.

√ 3 10
a. b.
x √3 x 5
Solution:

a.
√ 3 √3
=
x √x
Quotient Rule for Radicals

√3 ∙ √x
¿ Multiply the numerator and denominator by √ x.
√x √x
√3 x
¿
x
√ x √ x=x

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10 10 √ 3 x
b. = ∙ Multiply the numerator and denominator by √ 3 x.
√3 x √ 3 x 5 √ 3 x
5

¿ √ 6
10 3 x
Product Rule for Radicals
√9 x
¿ √3
10 3 x
Simplify.
3x

The Quotient Rule for Radicals

For real numbers a and b with b ≠ 0 and any integer n>1 ,

√n b b√
√n a = n a

If n is an even integer, a must be nonnegative and b must be positive.

Example 1
Simplify each radical.

√ √
2 5
3 a 56 x
3
a. b.
2
27 7x

Solution:

√ =√
2 3 2
3 a a
a. Quotient Rule for Radicals
27 √3 27

¿
√
3 2
a
Evaluate the radical.
3

b.
√
3 56 x 5 3 3
7x
2
=√ 8 x
¿2 x
Simplify the radicand.

Evaluate the radical.

Example 2
Write each expression using a lesser index.
a. √
10 5
4
4
b. ( 4 x )
2
√
Solution
5
b.
√ 45 =4 10
10 Write the radical in exponential form.
1
¿4 2 Reduce to lowest term.
¿√4 Write the exponential form as radical.
¿2 Simplify radical.

2
c.
√ ( 4 x ) 2= ( 4 x ) 4
4

1
Write the radical in exponential form.

¿ ( 4 x) 2 Reduce to lowest term.

¿2 √x Write the exponential form as radical.

ACTIVITY 1
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 NORTHEASTERN INTEGRATED SCHOOL MATHEMATICS 9
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Simplify each product.
1. √ 2 √5
2. √ 7 √3
3. √ 11 x √2 x

ACTIVITY 2
Simplify each.
1. √ 18
2. √3 24
3. √ a9

ACTIVITY 3
Simplify each quotient.

1.
√50
√2
2.
√3 a
√27 a7
3.
√75 x 7
√3 x 3

REFLECTION
1. “I believe in the immeasurable power of love; that true love can endure any circumstance and reach across any
distance”. What is your perception about this statement? How can you relate this to the concept of radicals?
2. What do you think is the connection of our lesson to our school’s mission?

Name: _____________________________________________ Grade & Section: 9 PEARL

WEEK 4
ANSWER SHEET
INITIAL TASK:
1. 3.

2.

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 NORTHEASTERN INTEGRATED SCHOOL MATHEMATICS 9
SECOND QUARTER
OF SAN AGUSTIN, INC.

ACTIVITY 1:
1. 3.

2.

ACTIVITY 2:
1. 3.

2.

ACTIVITY 3:
1. 2. 3.

Reflection:
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________

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