NURIN ALIA ZAHIRAH BINTI AZWIRA

MANUFACTURED
SUBTANCES IN
INDUSTRY

4 JAZARI
OUR LESSON
FOR TODAY:
Today we will start our discussion on
following terms:
ALLOYS AND ITS
IMPORTANCE
COMPOSITION OF GLASS
AND ITS USES
COMPOSITION OF
CERAMICS AND ITS USES
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
AND ITS IMPORTANCE
 AIM OF ALLOYING;
INCREASE THE STRENGTH
-
AND HARDNESS OF THE
METAL.
ALLOYS - PREVENT CORROSION OF
THE METAL.
DEFINITION: A MIXTURE OF IMPROVE THE
-
METAL AND OTHER ELEMENTS
APPEARANCE OF THE
METAL
 ATOMIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
PURE METAL
ARRANGEMENT;
SOFT
DUCTILE
EASILY MALLEABLE
TYPES OF ALLOYS AND THEIR USES
ALLOY COMPOSITION PROPERTIES USES

93% ALUMINIUM STRONGER THAN PURE

BODY OF AEROPLANES
3% COPPER ALUMINIUM
DURALUMIN 3%MAGNESIUM LOW DENSITY
ELECRTIC CABLES
RACING BICYCLES
1% MANGANESE DOES NOT RUST

STRONGER THAN PURE

MEDALS
90% COPPER COPPER
BRONZE 10% TIN DOES NOT RUST
MONUMENTS
TROPHIES
SHINY

STRONGER THAN PURE

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
70% COPPER COPPER
BRASS 30% ZINC DOES NOT RUST
DOORKNOBS
KEYS
SHINY
TYPES OF ALLOYS AND THEIR USES
ALLOY COMPOSITION PROPERTIES USES

ALSO KNOWN AS CARBON

STEEL
STRONGER AND HARDER STRUCTURE OF BUILDINGS
98% IRON
STEEL 0.2 - 2% CARBON
MALLEABLE RAILWAY TRACKS
LOW CARBON STEEL, BODY OF CATS
AVERAGE-CARBON STEEL
AND HIGH-CARBON STEEL

73% IRON
CUTLERY
18% CHROMIUM STRONGER THAN PURE IRON
STAINLESS STEEL 8% NICKEL RESISTANT TO CORROSION
SINKS
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
1% CARBON

95% TIN STRONGER THAN PURE TIN DECORATIVE ORNAMENTS

PEWTER 3.5% ANTIMONY DOES NOT RUST TROPHIES
1.5% COPPER SHINY SOUVENIRS
COMPOSITION
OF GLASS AND
ITS USES
Main component: silica or silicon
dioxide
Main characteristics;
Brittle
Chemically inert
Hard
Transparent
Heat insulator
Does not conduct electricity
Not permeable to gas and liquid
 TYPES OF GLASS AND THEIR USES
GLASS COMPOSITION PROPERTIES USES

FUSED SILICA HIGH MELTING POINT

SILICA DOES NOT EXPAND OR LENS OF TELESCOPE
GLASS CONTRACT EASILY

LOW MELTING POINT

SILICA
EASILY SHAPED
SODA-LIME GLASS SODIUM CARBONATE
CANNOT WITHSTAND HIGH
GLASS CONTAINER
CALCIUM CARBONATE
TEMPERATURE

SILICA
HIGH MELTING POINT
BOROSILICATE SODIUM CARBONATE
EXPANDS & CONTRACTS
CALCIUM CARBONATE LABORATORY GLASSWARE
VERY LITTLE WHEN THERE IS
GLASS BORON OXIDE
TEMPERATURE CHANGE
ALUMINIUM OXIDE

SILICA HIGH REFRACTIVE INDEX

LEAD GLASS SODIUM CARBONATE HIGH DENSITY PRISM
LEAD(II) OXIDE SHINY
COMPOSITION
OF CERAMICS
AND ITS USES
Solids consisting of inorganic
materials and non -metallic
materials.
Resulting from the process of forming
Examples of materials that make
and hardening using the method of
heating at high temperatures. up ceramics
Basic properties of ceramics; Metal compounds: Aluminium
Heat insulator oxide, Al₂O₃
High heat resistance Non -metallic compounds:
Fragile Titanium carbide, TiC
Chemically inert Semi -metallic compounds:
electrical insulation
Silicon carbide, SiC
Hard and strong
TRADITIONAL
CERAMICS
Made of clay such as kaolin,
Al₂O₃.2SiO2.2H₂O
The clay is mixed with water to
produce a soft and easily formed
mixture.
Then, the mixture is baked at a high
temperature.
Typically, traditional ceramics are used
in the manufacture of bricks, pottery
and crockery.
ADVANCE
Made from inorganic materials such
as oxides, carbides and nitrides.

CERAMICS
Has higher heat and abrasion
resistance, is more chemically inert
and has superconductivity properties.
Silicon carbide:
Used to make cutting discs that are
hard and strong.
Used to make brake discs due to their
thermal shock-resistant properties
and high resistance to heat.
Advanced ceramics are also used to
make tungsten carbide rings due to
their hard nature and resistance to
abrasion.
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
AND ITS USES
A composite material is a material made
from combining two or more non-
homogeneous substances.
These non-homogeneous substances are
the matrix substance and the strengthening
substance.
The matrix substance binds the
strengthening substance together.
COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND ITS USES
COMPOSITE MATERIAL USES

CEMENT
GRAVEL BUILDINGS
REINFORCED CONCRETE SAND BRIDGES
WATER

SILICA
BUMPER OF CARS
FIBRE GLASS SODIUM CARBONATE
HELMETS
CALCIUM CARBONATE

GLASS
TELECOMMUNICATION
FIBRE OPTICS COPPER
COMPUTER NETWORK
ALUMINIUM

TRANSPORTATION
NIOBIUM
SUPERCONDUCTOR GERMANIUM
MRI MACHINE
NMR MACHINE

THE GLASS OF WINDOWS FOR

MOLTEN SILICA
PHOTOCHROMIC GLASS SILVER CHLORIDE
BUILDINGS AND CARS
LENS OF CAMERA
THANK YOU!