Mathematics  Form 1  Chapter 1 

NOTES Chapter 1
Basic Arithmetic Operations involving Integers
1.2
Operasi Asas Aritmetik melibatkan Integer
1. The summary of addition and subtraction operations are as follows.
Ringkasan operasi tambah dan tolak adalah seperti yang berikut.
(a) Addition / Penambahan
(i) (+a) + (+b) = a+b
(ii) (+a) + (−b) = a−b
(iii) (−a) + (+b) = −a + b
(iv) (−a) + (−b) = −a − b

(b) Subtraction / Penolakan

(i) (+a) − (+b) = a − b
(ii) (+a) − (−b) = a + b
(iii) (−a) − (+b) = −a − b
(iv) (−a) − (−b) = −a + b

2. Signs of the product and the quotient between two integers are as follows.
Tanda bagi hasil darab dan hasil bahagi antara dua integer adalah seperti berikut.
(a) Multiplication / Pendaraban
(i) (+) × (+) = (+)
(ii) (+) × (−) = (−)
(iii) (−) × (+) = (−)
(iv) (−) × (−) = (+)

(b) Division / Pembahagian

(i) (+) ÷ (+) = +
(ii) (+) ÷ (−) = −
(iii) (−) ÷ (+) = −
(iv) (−) ÷ (−) = +

3. Order of combined operations.

Tertib operasi bergabung.

( ) × or/atau ÷ + or/atau −
1442443
From left to right
Dari kiri ke kanan

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Mathematics  Form 1  Chapter 1

4. The law of arithmetic operations.

Hukum operasi aritmetik.
(a) Commutative Law / Hukum Kalis Tukar Tertib
(i) a + b = b + a
(ii) a × b = b × a

(b) Distributive Law / Hukum Kalis Agihan

(i) a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
(ii) a × (b − c) = a × b − a × c

(c) Associative Law / Hukum Kalis Sekutuan

(i) (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
(ii) (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)

(d) Identity Law / Hukum Identiti

(i) a + 0 = a
(ii) a × 0 = 0
(iii) a × 1 = a
(iv) a + (−a) = 0
1
(v) a × =1
a

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2