ST.

LOUISE DE MARILLAC COLLEGE OF SORSOGON

HIGHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

BSBA-3

BACC4-1 GOOD GOVERNANCE AND SOCIAL RES. MODULE 2

Ricky D. Gliponeo Jr.

I. ELICIT: In our elementary days, every one of us was taught how to greet
people, and give due respect, especially to the People who are older than us, love
our parents, and most especially pray to God, always, develop that habit of eating
observing good manners and right conduct. All of these are part of the basic
knowledge that we should practice even up to now. These are good values
inherited from our parents, grandparents, and other people. We don’t have to
ignore these traits, instead let us find ways how to develop, maintain and enrich
these traits because we need them to grow and sustain the world. We need
people who have good values to be the caretaker of the world.

ACTIVITY I. What am I trying to reach out this paragraph to you?

Explain it in your own words.

- This paragraph is about the importance of good values in our lives.

This wants me to understand that "good values" are those things we
have learned from our parents, grandparents, and other people who
have taught us how to live a good life. These "good values" are not
just about being polite and kind, they're also about respecting
ourselves and others. It's important for everyone to know that these
"good values" will help us grow into better people. If everybody lived
according to these principles then society would run more smoothly
and there would be fewer wars between countries because people
would treat each other with respect.

ACTIVITIES:

1. Explain the relationship between law, religion, and ethics in the

following issues, with the Philippines as the Context: (15 points)

a. Reproductive Health Law

- The reproductive health law, or RH Law, is landmark legislation that
aims to improve access to contraceptives and safe abortions. It was
passed with the support of both the Catholic Church and civil society
organizations.

The relationship between law, religion, and ethics in Reproductive

Health Law are complex. On one hand, it was created by a
government agency, the Department of Health, and so it must be
subject to public scrutiny in order to ensure that it does not violate
human rights. On the other hand, because it was passed by Congress
and signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte himself, it has
become sacrosanct in many ways. This means that religious groups,
 especially those who oppose abortion on religious grounds have been
able to use their influence as an unofficial part of government policy
to deny women access to the healthcare services they need.

This situation creates a conflict between religious beliefs and

scientific evidence about what is best for women's health. The
Reproductive Health Law includes requirements for insurance
companies to cover birth control and abortion procedures at no cost,
however, many churches have refused to recognize these laws as
legitimate government policy because they do not conform with their
doctrine on abortion in any way whatsoever as stated above.

b. Same-sex marriage
- The relationship between law, religion, and ethics in the issue of
same-sex marriage is a complex one.

In the Philippines, the government has been working on the issue

since 2009. In 2015, President Rodrigo Duterte signed a law bill
allowing people to marry who they choose regardless of gender. But
the Catholic Church continues to oppose same-sex marriage on
religious grounds, even though it does not object to other forms of
marriage between two people.

The church's position on same-sex marriage is especially relevant

because it means that many Filipinos are unable to marry in their
own homes or churches due to religious restrictions.

As a result of this conflict between religion and ethics or lack thereof

in regard to same-sex relationships, there is often confusion about
what is legal and what is not when it comes to LGBTQ+ rights in the
Philippines.

c. Legalization of Marijuana
- Marijuana is a drug that is illegal in the Philippines, but it has a long
history of use as a medicine, and it is also a plant that has been used
as a recreational drug for thousands of years.

The relationship between law and religion in the legalization of

marijuana is complex. On one hand, marijuana was outlawed by the
government because it was seen to be a vice that would corrupt
people's morals. On the other hand, the government has always
recognized that there are some people who need marijuana for
medical reasons, and many people with HIV/AIDS are dependent on
marijuana to help them manage their symptoms. In addition, there
are some indigenous groups who use cannabis medicinally without
any legal restrictions.

It's important to remember that there are many different cultures

around the world with very different views on what constitutes
"morality." In areas where marijuana is illegal, people who use it
may be subject to arrest or imprisonment for violating their
country's laws regarding drugs. In other places where marijuana is
 illegal, people who use it may be able to get away with using it
discreetly for example, by smoking outside or in private places.

2. How important are the following to ethics or morality? (15

points)

a. Free will
- Free will is important to ethics and morality because it is the ability to
make decisions without outside influence, and it allows us to be
accountable for our actions.

If a person is not allowed to make their own choices, they cannot be held
accountable for them. For example, if someone wakes up in a world where
they were given no choice about whether or not they wanted to live or die,
that would mean that there was no way for them to be responsible for their
actions. In this case, being able to choose whether or not you want to live is
an important part of freedom and morality.

In addition, free will allows us to be accountable for our actions because it

makes it possible for us to learn from our mistakes and improve ourselves
as individuals over time. If you could not make decisions about your life
without outside influence, then you would never know whether or not you
had made a mistake until after the fact, and even then, there would be no
way for anyone else besides yourself to determine whether or not that
mistake was worth making again in the future because no one else's
perspective could possibly matter.

b. Culture or tradition
- Culture and tradition are important to ethics and morality because they
provide an ethical system. The values, beliefs, traditions, and behaviors
that make up our culture or tradition can be traced back to the early days of
humanity. These values, beliefs, traditions, and behaviors have been passed
down over generations to the point where they have become part of who we
are as a people.

The fact that these values, beliefs, traditions, and behaviors have been
passed down over generations makes them very difficult to change. If we
wanted to change our culture or tradition then it would take a very long
time for us to do so as it would require significant amounts of effort on
behalf of everyone involved in changing it.

It also makes sense that these values, beliefs, traditions, and behaviors
could impact how we treat others because if someone has grown up with
these things then it becomes natural for them to act in accordance with
them when interacting with other people who share similar beliefs about
what is right for society as a whole.

c. Knowledge or Education
- Knowledge or education is important to ethics and morality because it
helps us to understand the world around us. When we have the knowledge,
we can make better decisions. We can think about what is happening in our
lives and decide how we want to act. For example, if you know that you are
 going to eat a piece of cake, you might decide not to eat it if you know it will
make you fat. Or maybe you don't want to be late for work because of your
diet.

This makes sense because knowledge helps us make good choices in life. If
you know that a certain drug will save your life when you have cancer, then
you will take the drug when necessary without worrying about side effects
or risks involved with taking that drug; this way, the person taking the drug
knows how important it is for their health and well-being, so they take
action accordingly.

3. Explain the different attitudes of ethics in your own words: (10

points)

a. Ethical Imperialism
- Ethics is the way you live your life. It's the decisions you make about what's
right and what's wrong, what's good and bad, and how you treat other
people.

Ethical Imperialism is the belief that we can use our power as a nation to
promote ethical behavior in others. It's the idea that if America were to
adopt certain ethical practices around the world, others would follow suit,
and their societies would be improved as a result.

This is an important concept for me because I'm in the process of studying

abroad for my undergrad degree at Northwestern University in Evanston,
Illinois. I've been fascinated by this idea because I feel like there needs to
be more focus on ethics both here in our own country and abroad in other
countries where there are gaps in our education system or other issues that
need addressing.

b. Relativism
- Relativism is the idea that there are no absolute standards of truth or
morality. There are only individual experiences, and there's no way to
know if another person's experience is better than your own.

This idea is often used to justify unethical behavior, like when someone
says "it's not my fault if I got into a fight." They are saying that an action is
okay because they personally choose to do it, and so it doesn't matter if it
hurts someone else.

Ethics, on the other hand, believe that there are universal standards for
what's right and wrong in all situations. You should always try your best to
do the right thing, even if no one else agrees with what you're doing
because even though there may be no true "right" way to behave, there will
always be consequences for choosing not to follow these principles.

4. List at least 10 scandals that happened in the Philippines

recently:

a. The Department of Education (DepEd) on Thursday urged victims of

alleged sexual harassment to come forward and file their complaints
against seven teachers in Bacoor, Cavite.
 b. The World Health Organization (WHO) warned on Wednesday that despite
the current downward trend in new coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19)
cases, more hospitalizations and deaths are expected in the coming months
as colder weather approaches.
c. The Puerto Princesa City Police Office Station 2 in Palawan province has
filed criminal complaints against the two suspects behind the killing of
22-year-old saleslady Jovelyn Galleno whose remains were found last Aug.
23.
d. The Police Regional Office-Bicol (PRO5) has arrested 261 wanted persons,
including eight members of the New People's Army (NPA) during
Simultaneous Anti-Criminality Law Enforcement Operations across the
region.
e. The Philippine Consulate General in Toronto confirmed the death of a
Filipino-Canadian and her daughter in a tragic stabbing in Toronto. Elvie
Sig-Od and her 20-year-old daughter Angelica Sig-Od were inside a vehicle
when her former husband, Godfrey, stabbed them to death.
f. Senators Alan Peter Cayetano and Risa Hontiveros “debated” anew
Wednesday regarding human rights issues and extra-judicial killings
during the Commission on Appointments (CA) first regular session.
g. Malacañang is expecting the Procurement Service of the Department of
Budget and Management (PS-DBM) to respond to all controversies
surrounding its procurements. Press Secretary Trixie Cruz-Angeles made
this remark after the Commission on Audit (COA) flagged more than PHP3
billion worth of high-yield investment in government banks.
h. The Philippine National Police (PNP) Anti-Cybercrime Group, Women and
Children Cybercrime Protection Unit has forwarded to the Department of
Justice (DOJ) two Warrants to Disclose Computer Data (WDCD) for social
media giants Facebook and Youtube to compel a local channel that
reportedly runs pedophilic videos.
i. The Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) has not maximized the
implementation of the Republic Act (RA) 10659 or the Sugarcane Industry
Development Act (SIDA) because of a slashed budget. Former SRA chief
Hermenegildo Serafica told the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee hearing
that Congress kept on cutting the SIDA budget because of underspending.
j. Armed men killed in an ambush a town police chief in Maguindanao and a
patrol car driver Tuesday morning as they were about to serve an arrest
warrant on a wanted man. Brig. Gen. John Gano Guyguyon, police director
for the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM),
identified the slain police officer as Lt. Reynaldo Samson, police chief of
Ampatuan, Maguindanao.

5. Explain the different arguments of ethics in your own words (25

points).
- There are many different types of ethics and it can be difficult to
understand them all.

One type of ethical argument is deontological ethics, which is about the

rightness or wrongness of actions based on their consequences. An
example of this would be if someone did something harmful to another
person, such as physically harming them or stealing from them.
 Another type of ethical argument is utilitarianism, which focuses on what
will bring the most happiness to society. Utilitarianism says that if an
action brings more happiness to society than it harms, then it should be
done. An example of this would be if an action helped people with cancer
feel better while causing no harm to anyone else.

The third kind of ethical argument is virtue ethics, which focuses on

actions that are good or bad because they are virtuous or vicious meaning
they are not virtuous because they are bad. For example, honesty would be
a virtue for a politician because it helps him/her get elected and stay in
office longer than a dishonest politician does.

5. What do we mean by the problem of determinism? (5 points)

- Determinism is the idea that all events in the universe are predetermined,
and that human behavior is strictly determined by these events.

The problem with determinism is that it cannot be proven. It cannot be

proven because it is a philosophical position and not a scientific one. This
means that there is no way to prove whether or not something is true or
false, and since we don't know the answer to that question, we can't even
say anything definitive about whether or not determinism is true.

6. Should you inform your professor that your classmate is cheating

his way out of the exam? Are you duty--bound to tell the truth at all
costs? Is lying always wrong? (10 points)
- It's a tough call, but I think you should tell your professor.

I'm not going to say that lying is always wrong—but it is never justified.
Lying is just a way of getting out of the situation without having to admit
you were wrong.

But in this case, it's not about getting out of the situation, it's about
protecting yourself from being wrongly accused. If you don't tell your
professor and she finds out later on her own, she might accuse you of
cheating or accuse your classmate of cheating instead. In either case, there
will be no way for you to defend yourself because neither person will have
been honest with the other person's level of knowledge in the class or any
information they may have gleaned from outside sources. It could lead to
the loss of trust between both parties, which could ultimately hurt everyone
involved, you included.

So yes, I think it's important to do what's right by telling your professor

when someone else is cheating on them.