Reinforcement of AlSharqia Transmission System

Volume 2 – SPECIFICATIONS (Book 8 of 8)

General Specifications - Civil

SPECIFICATION C08
STEEL STRUCTURE AND CLADDING

GENERAL

MATERIALS

Materials for Structural Steel Works

Materials for Cladding and Doors

WORKMANSHIP

Structural Steel Work

Cladding

Steel Frames

Steel Radio Towers

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Volume 2 – SPECIFICATIONS (Book 8 of 8)
General Specifications - Civil

SPECIFICATION C08
STEEL STRUCTURE AND CLADDING

GENERAL

The pertinent DIN norms and the specifications given in the following section are
valid for all steel structures. The specifications take precedence over the DIN
norms.
The DB-contractor alone is responsible for seeing that the strength of the
materials used is within the allowable limits.
The origin of the individual materials is to be made known to the Engineer before
work commencement and in the event of any changes. The QA/QC plan shall
follow the requirements described in the relevant section of the Specifications
for General Requirements.
The DB-contractor is to make certificates available to the Engineer on the
results of material tests performed as per EN ..
The Engineer reserves the right to have the DB-contractor perform additional
material tests at his own expense at any time. The DB-contractor is to provide the
workers, machines, equipment and all other things necessary for testing as well as
the completed test pieces and is to afford the Engineer the opportunity to
participate in the testing.
The DB-contractor is to prepare all necessary workshop drawings, assembly
drawings, erection drawings etc. and all calculations for the works and is to
submit all documents to the Engineer for approval. This approval does not relieve
the DB-contractor of his responsibility for the construction works.
Before commencement of work, the DB-contractor is to submit a certified
documentation confirming that he is in possession of the "full welding certificate"
for steel structures.
The latest edition of the following standards is valid for the construction of steel
structures. The following list does not claim to be complete.

AISC American Institute of Steel Construction

AISC Standards
LRFD Load and Resistances Factor Design
ASD Allowable Stress Design
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
ASTM D - Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular
Plastics
ASTM C - Standard Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of
Sandwich Constructions

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General Specifications - Civil

ASTM C - Standard Test Method for Flatwise Compressive Properties of

Sandwich Cores
ASTM E- Test of rate of air leakage
ASTM E- Test of Water Penetration
ASTM A9 Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel
Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process
ASTM A6 Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated
(Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the
Hot-Dip Process
ASTM D - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
Using Controlled Condensation
ASTM D - Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
ASTM D - Standard Test Method for Coating Flexibility of Prepainted
Sheet
ASTM D - Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
ASTM B1 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
DIN Producing thermal decomposition products from materials in an
air stream and their toxicological testing
DIN EN - - Eurocode : Design of steel structures - Part - : General
rules and rules for buildings
DIN EN - - Eurocode : Design of steel structures - Part - : Design of
joints
DIN EN Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Cold drawn rod/bar and tube
DIN EN Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and
profiles
DIN Fire behaviour of building materials and building components
DIN Protection of steel structures from corrosion by organic and
metallic coatings

Contractor shall supply two sets of all standards and codes referred in this
specification and elsewhere in the project for the client and the consultant prior to the
commencement of the contract.

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Volume 2 – SPECIFICATIONS (Book 8 of 8)
General Specifications - Civil

Definitions:
“Client” means Public Authority for Electricity and Water
“Engineer” means the engineering company entrusted with the project
management and construction supervision of the project.
“DB Contractor“ means the company or group of companies enthrusted by the
client with the Engineering, Procurement and Construction of
the project(s)

MATERIALS

Materials for Structural Steel Works

The steel qualities for the individual construction elements are to be chosen in
accordance with UBC, chapter , structural steel. The steel quality is to be
verified by the manufacturer's certificate.
Other types of steel may only be used after thorough tests of the technological
properties and acceptance by the Engineer.
Cranes shall be designed according to the relevant chapters of UBC as well as
the AISC standards.

Materials for Cladding and Doors

Insulated metal roof and wall panels and accessories: Products to be considered
equal to those specified below must be approved in writing by the Engineer.
Panels shall have a nominal width of m and a thickness of min. cm. The
panel length shall be the maximum possible. The panels shall present a fluted
surface externally and a flat surface internally.

Physical properties:
Steel skin: min. , mm of galvanized steel conforming to ASTM-A - ,
Grade A, structural quality with hot dipped commercial galvanized coating,
designation G- ( g/m ).
Insulation: expanded polyiscyanurate / polyurethane foam with a minimum of
% closed cell structure. The K value of the insulated panels shall be less than
W/m ,°C. As far as possible, heat bridges shall be avoi ded.
Density: min. 37 kg/m (ASTM D 1622-

Tensile Strength : min. 3.0 kg/cm (ASTM C 297-

Compressive Strength: min. 1.6 kg/cm (ASTM C 365-

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General Specifications - Civil

Colour Coating: The exterior face of the panels and exterior flashings shall
Receive a factory applied paint finish having a colour to be
selected at the choice of the Client.

The interior face of the panels and interior flashings shall

receive a factory applied decorative POLYESTER paint finish.
Side Joints: All side joints shall have one line of factory applied caulking at
the lower leg of the female side and additional two lines of
field applied sealant below the batten cover in the case of the
roof panels.
All side joints of roof and wall panels shall be covered with a
roll-formed batten strip. This batten strip is fastened to both
sides with stainless steel pop rivets staggered at mm
centers.
End Lap Joints: If multiple course are required, the joint shall be
accomplished by the erector cutting back the interior liner and
removing the foam as per details and recommendations from
the manufacturer. Two lines of sealant must be used at all lap
joints and extra stainless steel fasteners to insure good lasting
performance as per the manufacturer’s recommendation
Fastening: The panel shall be secured to the structural frame with
stainless steel self-tapping screws with combination
washers. Stainless steel screws are to have coloured plastic
caps to match the colour of the panel. Flashings and
accessories shall be installed with stainless steel metal screws
and/or stainless steel pop rivets as per the manufacturer’s
standard practice.

If different materials are contiguous to one another, it must be

ensured that no contact corrosion or other unfavorable
influence occurs.

Metal Flashings and Trims: Shall be factory formed from the same material and
finish as the exterior skin of the panels.

Fire Performance: Panels shall be rated and carry the following listings:

 Flame Spread: German DIN Standard B Classification (ASTM E Tunnel

Test Equivalent )
 Smoke Developed: German DIN Standard Light Transmission (%)
Rating (ASTM E8 Tunnel Testing Equivalent approximately ).

Thermal U-Value: The panels when tested by recognized independent

laboratories should achieve a K-Value of . W/m Deg.C at
mm thickness in accordance with ASTM C- (ASHREA
Winter design) with m.p.h. wind outside, still air inside
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Weather Tightness: Panels shall meet the Air Infiltration test when tested by the
recognized independent laboratories in accordance with ASTM
E- (Test of rate of air leakage), with a static pressure
difference of p.s.f. to p.s.f. Panels should also meet the
water penetration test as conducted in accordance with ASTM
E- “Test of Water Penetration” with a static pressure
difference of p.s.f. to p.s.f.

Color Coating Testing: Panel coating shall meet all performances as listed in the
appropriate specifications for the selected coating system.
All materials and components to be supplied by the DB-contractor and incorporated in
the structure shall be unused and new. The quality shall conform with the standard
regulations and be in accordance to the described requirements. Proof of the
quality is to be submitted to the Engineer by presentation of the certificates of quality.
The protective coating system of the external skin of the different roof and wall
constructions shall be a –
Multi-layered protected metal, comprising a galvanized steel
substrate, heavy epoxy barrier base coat and an exterior
weathering coat.
which must perform to the minimum test results described in the table below. The
coating for the roof and wall cladding shall be as follows:

Colours will be selected from the manufacturer’s standard range.

The coating of the roof and wall cladding shall comprise a multi-layered protected
metal system consisting of a galvanised steel substrate, heavy epoxy base coat and a
high build weather coat of polyurethane as follows:
Substrate Standard G9 (approx. g/m total both sides) hot-
dipped galvanised steel conforming to ASTM A92 and
ASTM A6 structural quality or approved equal.

Pretreatment After cleaning, a ,chemical conversion‘ of the zinc coating to

Epoxy Primer
Epoxy Barrier Coat:
External Weather Coat:
Internal Coat:
a non-metallic surface with corrosion inhibiting and adhesive
additives.
Nominal micron thick anti-corrosive pigmented epoxy
primer applied to both sides of the sheet.
Nominal microns thick barrier coat with special
flexibiliser compounds applied to both sides of the sheet
and baked to a hard corrosion resistant finish.
Nominal microns thick poly urethane exterior coating
pigmented in one of the standard colours of the
manufacturer’s colour range.
Standard is nominal mm polyester decorative coat.
Colour shall be at the choice of the Client.
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General Specifications - Civil

Finish: All sheets shall have a stucco-emobossed surface finish

Specification by Performance:
The selected coating system for the roof and wall cladding profiles must meet or
exceed the following performance criteria:

Classification Test Procedure Minimum Test

Results
Physical and Humidity Resistance Test samples No failure
Environmental ASTM D- - exposed to1 % No blistering
relative humidity at
°C for hours No colour
change
Abrasion Test determines the litres
Resistance(falling number of litres of
sand method) sand (under
ASTM D- - controlled conditions
required to abrade
through the sample’s
coating system
exposing the bare
metal.
T – Bend Test ASTM Samples to be T - no cracking
D - (‘ ) subjected to a or damage to the
specified number of coating.
bends to determine
the flexibility of the
coating system.
Adhesion Test ASTM Samples to be No failure
D - subjected to No tape removal
adhesive tape being
applied a specified of coating
number of times to
the surface of the
coating and being
pulled off. Test is to
measure the
adhesion of the
coating to the
substrate.

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General Specifications - Civil

Classification Test Procedure Minimum Test

Results
Chemical and Kesternich Pollution Samples exposed to No colour
Environmental Resistance Test. test cycles: each change
ASTM G87- (DIN cycle consists of 8 No blistering
) hours at °C in
controlled sulphur Edge
dioxide (SO ) delamination
atmosphere at % - mm
relative humidity
followed by hours
drying at ambient
temperature.
Coating System Test samples No failure
Integrity Salt Fog continuously No blisters
ASTM B - exposed to % salt
fog at °C for
hours. All samples
scribed to expose
the underlying metal
before testing. All
panels are
inspected in
accordance with
ASTM D- to
evaluate the results.
Colour Change Test samples Maximum chalk
and Fade exposed for a to ASTM No.
Resistance(Emma minimum of Standard; Max.
qua Test) ASTM Langleys (equivalent colour change
G5 – to years of did not
exposure) of solar exceed1.
radiation on National Bureau
equitorial mounts Units.
(follow the sun) with
reflecting mirrors for
concentration of
sunlight. Eight
minutes of water
spray each sunny
hour.

The above Performance Criteria shall be substantiated by test results certified by a

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recognized independent testing authority.

All coating material must withstand the prevailant climatic conditions of the
Sultanate of Oman, relevant certificates of performance shall be supplied. Trade
name: Centria Versacor TF (=Versacor Plus) or equal.

WORKMANSHIP

Structural Steel Work

. Drawings
All necessary drawings for the manufacture and erection must be prepared in
accordance to the general time schedule and approved prior to commencement
of work.
The shop drawings shall clearly indicate all different items with respect to the
erection work.
A separate material recognition list shall be prepared for each building.
The item numbers in these lists must be identical to those shown in the shop
drawings.

. Design and Construction

Buildings and structures must be designed for seismic loads. SBC shall be
followed.
Compatibility of dimensions and setting-out data of steelwork shall be verified by
the DB-contractor before fabrication of steelwork commences.
All joints and connections are to be made by welding or by means of screws.
The tolerances for the steel structure must be in accordance with those for the
other parts of the building. Particular attention must be given to the conditions for
the connection of the facade units.
Attention must be given to the effects of temperature fluctuation on the steel
structure.
The DB-contractor shall make all necessary expansion joints. Movement shall be
made possible by providing double columns.

The DB-contractor shall allow for deformation due to permanent loads and the
process and sequence of fabrication, erection and construction such that
steelwork is completed to be within the specified tolerances.

Braces (wind braces and gable walls) which resist live loads and assure stability
of the building are to be used for buildings.

Connection design shall provide adequate access for welding and inspection
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during fabrication. The profile of the joint shall enable satisfactory non-destructive
testing to be carried out.
Special attention is drawn to the deflection limitations of the steel structure as well
as the crane way girders (please refer to the relevant standards).

The maximum deflection of trusses, floor beams and girders may not exceed
1/300 of the span. For trusses the deflection due to dead load may be
compensated by superelevation. The maximum deflection of rafters and spars
must be less than 1/400 of the span. The limit of deflection for crane beams in
both horizontal and vertical direction is 1/1000 of the span. The allowable
horizontal deflection of the columns under horizontal wheel pressure shall not
exceed 1/300 of the height of the crane beam bracing or 2.5 cm.

The design loads for buildings are to be taken from SBC and AISC standards. A
velocity of 45 m/sec is to be assumed for calculation of wind loads.

Additional to wind loads a vertical live load for roofs is to be calculated with 1
kN/m2. Live loads for flat roofs have to be chosen according to the purpose of
use.

. Erection Programme
Before starting the execution of the works, the DB-contractor shall furnish a
detailed programme according to the general time schedule. Each month the
DB-contractor shall provide a progress report in duplicate to the Engineer,
indicating the progress of work.
The DB-contractor shall be solely responsible for the accuracy of all relevant
dimensions of the structure.

. Manufacturer’s Instruction
All work at site, i.e. handling, storage and erection shall be carried out strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations.

Cladding

. Drawings
All necessary drawings for the manufacture and erection must be prepared in
accordance to the general time schedule and approved prior to commencement
of work.
The shop drawings shall clearly indicate all different items with respect to the
erection work.
A separate material recognition list shall be prepared for each building.
The item numbers in these lists must be identical to those shown in the shop
drawings.

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General Specifications - Civil

. Erection Programme
Before starting the execution of the works, the DB-contractor shall furnish a
detailed programme according to the general time schedule. Each month the
DB-contractor shall provide a progress report in duplicate to the Engineer,
indicating the progress of work.

. Manufacturer’s Instructions
All work at site, i.e. handling, storage and erection shall be carried out strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations.

. Auxiliary Works
. Ancilliary Provisions
Ancilliary provisions include but not be limited to the following:

 provision of tools, hoisting equipment and scaffolding;

 transport of all materials from the stores on site to the points of use;

After completion of the erection work the following must be undertaken before
handover:

 all areas must be clean;

 all mechanical damage to the coloured weather coating, which occurs during
fixing, shall be repaired in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions
and recommendations:
 all ‚swarf‘ (drill waste) must be removed from the sheeting completely;
 all waste and unrequired packaging stemming from fixing operations must be
collected and disposed of as required by the Engineer;
 the relevant local statutory safety regulations and specifically those of the site
management should be strictly observed;

. Ancilliary Products
END LAPS : External weathering sheet:
Where the angles of the roofs are ° or below, the end laps
shall be a minimum of 0mm. On roof slopes in excess of °,
the end laps shall be a minimum of mm.
On vertical areas the end laps shall be a minimum of mm
Internal Liner Sheets:
End laps shall be 5mm on trapezoidal internal liner sheets
SEALANTS: Where required and to suit the cladding supplier’s
recommendations the cladding shall be sealed with a non-
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drying, non-corrosive permanently elastic pre-formed metal

sealing tape capable of performing in a temperature range of
minus °C to °C.
FIXINGS: As per the specification for the composite foam panel
specification

FLASHINGS: As per the specification for the composite foam panel

specification.
CORRUGATION: Profiled filler pieces shall be provided at all terminal positions
on the roof and wall areas where necessary. The fillers shall
be of closed-cell cross-linked polyethylene foam and be
immune to bird and insect attack, and have good resistance to
U.V. attack.
INSTALLATION: The installation of the insulated cladding system shall be
strictly in accordance with the cladding supplier’s working
drawings, bearing the approval of the engineer.
Cladding shall be performed under special consideration of all parts which are no
longer accessible after construction. The materials used shall be of non ferrous
origin.
Expansion joints between individual elements must be sufficiently dimensioned
and made with resilient sealing profiles.
Water pockets on roofs and lasting moisture from condensation are to be
prevented by structural means.
The maximum deflection of claddings may not exceed / of the span.

Steel Frames

All frames – for edgeless or rebated door leaves – shall be offered with sealing
groove and sealing, prepared for two strong cylindrical hinges per door leaf, for
single-wing doors in a left-right type. Before production or delivery of the frames,
the contractor has to find out about the definitive number, size and type (edgeless
and rebated door leaves) and to search approval from the Employer. The same
applies for door leaves and their opening direction. In case of double-wing doors,
attention has to be paid to ensuring that the position of the upper covering of the
bolt opening corresponds to the actual width of the dead wing. The contractor
who installs and adjusts the door leaves is responsible for drilling the bolt
opening.
Surface galvanized, colour of coating to be chosen.
The sealing profiles must all be of elastomer materials (e.g. APTK) or equal
materials.

Steel Radio Towers

The calculation and execution of steel radio antenna towers shall be performed in
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General Specifications - Civil

accordance with the pertinent DIN standards.

DIN is valid for general steel properties and methods of calculation.

Antenna towers are to be reliably protected against corrosion by paint, metal-
spraying or hot-dip galvanization.
Antenna towers must be properly earthed, whereby the foot of the anchoring
cables must also be earthed.
Temporary earthing must be foreseen during the erection period.
If required by the authorities, flight obstruction lights are to be mounted. All
connections and joints are to be screwed.
Because of the difficulty of maintaining the anchor cables, special care shall be
paid to proper corrosion protection. The anchor cables shall be made of galvanized
plastic coated steel wires
Special attention is to be paid to the expansion and torsion suspectibility of the
cables. The anchor cables are to be produced so as to have little expansion, i.e.
high modulus of elasticity.

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