Bending

Ilaksh Adlakha
Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Madras
 Beam Bending: Understanding

Assumptions:

 Plane section remains plane

 Length of longitudinal axis remains unchanged
 Plane section remains perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis
 In-plane distortion of section is negligible
 Pure bending is considered

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Pure Bending

Pure bending refers to flexure of a beam under a constant bending moment. Therefore, pure bending occurs only
in regions of a beam where the shear force (V) is zero.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Bending Deformation

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Bending Deformation | Normal Strain

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Flexure Formula | Normal Stress

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Flexure Formula | Normal Stress

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Flexure Formula | Normal Stress

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Neutral Axis

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 01

The beam ABC has simple supports at A and B and an overhang from B to
C. The length of the span is 3.0 m and the length of the overhang is 1.5 m. A
uniform load of intensity q = 3.2 kN/m acts throughout the entire length of the
beam. The beam has a cross section of channel shape with width b=300 mm
and height h=80 mm. The web thickness is t=12 mm, and the average
thickness of the sloping flanges is the same.
Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in the beam
due to the uniform load.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 01 (contd.)

Find support reactions

Draw BMD & SFD

Determine BMD at location given

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 01 (contd.)
Determine cross-sectional properties

Neutral axis:

Moment of inertia
Parallel axis theorem

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 01 (contd.)
Determine the bending stresses and strains

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 02
A simply supported beam is subjected to the following distributed loading.
Determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the beam and draw
the stress distribution across the beam CS at this location.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 02
A simply supported beam is subjected to the following distributed loading.
Determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the beam and draw
the stress distribution across the beam CS at this location.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 02
A simply supported beam is subjected to the following distributed loading.
Determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the beam and draw
the stress distribution across the beam CS at this location.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 03
Aluminum beam with a cross shaped CS with given dimension is subjected to external
bending moment of 8 kN.m. Determine the stress at points A and B.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 04
Aluminum beam with a CS geometry shown in Figure is subjected to external bending moment of 75 kN.m.
Determine the stress at points B and C.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 05
Determine the maximum bending stress in the beam at section a-a. The CS
geometry of the beam is shown below.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Composite Beam
 Beams constructed of 2 or more different materials are known as composite beams.
 Flexure formula was derived for a homogenous material, now the challenge is how to
apply to a composite beam?

Few Assumptions:
a) Plane cross-sections remain plane.
b) Longitudinal strain vary linearly on a CS as a function of distance from the
neutral axis.
c) Material are subjected to elastic deformation.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Composite Beams

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Composite Beams

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 06
Two steel plates are welded together to form a T section beam. The beam is further
strengthened by bolting it to timber as shown. 𝐸 = 12.5 𝐺𝑃𝑎, 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎. A bending
moment of 50 kNm is applied to the composite beam. Determine: a) the maximum stress in
the wood; and b) stress in steel on the top edge.

Note: In the video, the

contribution from two
wooden blocks of 75 mm
width was missed out.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 06
Two steel plates are welded together to form a T section beam. The beam is further
strengthened by bolting it to timber as shown. 𝐸 = 12.5 𝐺𝑃𝑎, 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎. A bending
moment of 50 kNm is applied to the composite beam. Determine: a) the maximum stress in
the wood; and b) stress in steel on the top edge.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in

 Problem 07
The beam cross-section is achieved by joining steel and brass together. 𝐸 = 15 ∗
10^6 𝑝𝑠𝑖, 𝐸 = 29 ∗ 10^6 𝑝𝑠𝑖. Determine the maximum stress in steel and brass, when
exposed to bending moment of 40 kip.in.

AM2200 (July-Nov. 2022), Ilaksh Adlakha ilaksh.adlakha@iitm.ac.in