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Accademic Argumentative Essay

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Assignment 2
28/10/2022

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Fausia Vaiangina

S11214112

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The degradation of Pacific Ocean by human should stop. Discuss

The Pacific Ocean, which represents half of the world’s oceans, is home to more marine life than
every other earth’s ocean and accounts for 70% of all fish caught worldwide. The Pacific Ocean
is important for Pacific islanders because it is a major contributor to the world’s food supply and
provides half of our breathable air. Pacific islanders are also the cause of Pacific Ocean
degradation. This essay will show an argument that the degradation of the Pacific Ocean by a
human should stop. This essay will have two sides, firstly, it will discuss the problems that will
happen, and the last part will discuss the solutions.

To begin with, overfishing is a major problem for marine organisms in the Pacific Ocean.
According to Rummer et al… (2020) that each year, people take around 80 million tonnes of
marine life. Referring to their estimates, only 7% of fish species are underfished and 33% are
overfished. According to (World Wildlife Fund, 2022) the impact of overfishing reduces species
variety, which harms the health of the overall marine environment. For example, (Burke et al.,
2011) mention that overfishing has affected the coral reefs of New Caledonia, and also due to
overfishing species like snappers and emperors are hardly seen in Pohnpei primary areas.
Overfishing will lead to the loss of marine organisms.

Secondly, plastic waste pollution is another major problem that faces the Pacific Ocean. Human
actions contribute to the contamination of plastic waste as they discharge their plastic waste into
the ocean. For example, more than 37 million pieces of plastic trash were found on the
Henderson Islands in the South Pacific. Henderson Island has the greatest accumulation of
plastic trash in the world, claims Domonoske (2017). The number of sea turtles that deposited
eggs decreased because the plastic rubbish on the island made it difficult for them to get to the
shore. Additionally, it hurt two species of local seabirds. As shown above, dumping plastic waste
can harm or kill marine species.

Furthermore, human dumping industries’ waste into the ocean not only harms organisms but also
affects human health. The Pacific Ocean is polluted by industrial effluents, which also include
trash, chemicals, and metals. The Pacific Ocean is in danger because of this type of waste.
Industrial factories spill poisonous chemicals and oil. For example, (Bali and Lestro, 2021) state
in their article, that industrial waste affects Wailada’s marine ecosystem in Fiji. They also
mention that Wailada’s condition is distressing. The inappropriate disposal of industrial waste is
one of the matters of concern. These weren’t biodegradable and seemed hazardous. Work of
industrial work affects the Pacific Ocean.

Moreover, coral reefs in the Pacific Ocean are impacted by human use of fertilizers and
pesticides on agriculture. Agricultural pollution is when farmer use fertilizer and pesticides on
their plantation while sowing crops. These practices lead to a water runoff to the ocean and affect
coral reefs (Akhtar et al….2021, p.13). For example, In the Cook Islands throughout the second
decade of the twentieth century, coral reefs were damaged by water runoff to the ocean which
containing too much nitrogen from crops fertilizers (Cawdrey 2018, p.1). Human using these
method on Agriculture can lead to a damaged of coral reefs in the Ocean.

However, the problems show in the discussion above needs a solution to stop or reduce it.
Therefore the solution that should apply to the problem is use marine protected area, law
enforcement, improved management of solid and educational awareness.

Firstly, Governments of every Pacific island should expand the marine Protected Area in the
Pacific Ocean. Protecting Marine ecosystems and variety of life they support is a major goal of
Marine Protected Area. As increasing of ocean protection will decrease the overfishing. For
example, Fish populations started to rise and fishing conditions improved when the US and
Canada expand Marine Protected Area. Therefore, governments should try this method to stop
overfishing of fishes (CAP 2019, p.2).

Secondly, every community in the Pacific island should work together and do a cleanup on their
area beaches. One of the most effective and satisfying methods to combat plastic waste on
Pacific Ocean is to do a communities cleanup project to collect plastics debris from the beaches
on their area to take it to recycle. For example, (Vavauenvironment 2018, p.2) state that an island
of Vava’u were doing a project of beaches cleanup. A community and youth teams took part in
beach cleanup activities. However doing a community cleanup can help to reduce the problem of
plastics pollution on Pacific Ocean.

Furthermore, every country in the Pacific should create an enforcement law to apply for every
industry in the Pacific. Enforcement law should use to force industries to reduce the amount of
garbage they discharge. For example, Fiji developed the Environment Management Act, which
became the primary source rule governing industrial pollution in 2008. According to the Act,
industries that violate the restrictions must pay a large fine or face a two to three-year prison
sentence (Sloan and Samuel, 2018.p1). However, an enforcement law will help to stop the
industries from dumping their waste to the Pacific Ocean.

Lastly, Government and Communities should use educational awareness in every community. In
the communities a town officer should gather together the people on their community and launch
educational awareness to them. For example, Samoa has created an educational awareness of
Marine. IUCN (2022,p.1) state that an introduction of Samoa’s awareness-raising and raising
educational products for the MarineSPP, representatives of government, civil society, academic
institutions, and the general public gathered at Mulinu’u.

To conclude, Human activities are the major problems that cause the Pacific Ocean to degrade.
The problems of human degraded the Pacific Ocean is overfishing, plastic waste pollution,
dumping industry waste and Agriculture pollution.Therefore there are also a solution to stop
human from degraded the Pacific Ocean which is to expand Marine Protected Area, Do
community cleanup, educational awareness and use law enforcement.