Spices - commanded high prices

during that time, so trade in spices

was very profitable.

Spice Islands - was the primarily

aim of King Charles that’s why
they send an expedition to Asia.

Spanish Claim - to the

archipelago was sealed based on
two reasons.
As a crown colony,the Philippines was administered by the council of
indies.Even so,the Spanish officials were appointed by the king of Spain, who
issued Royal orders and decrees dealing with the proper administration of the
colony.In 1863,the Philippines,as a colony was placed under the jurisdiction
of the MINISTRY OF THE COLONIES OR OVERSEAS
MINISTRIES(MINISTERIO DE ULTRAMAR).
In order to make the administration of the Philippines efficient, the Overseas
Ministry was advised and aided in its work by the council of Indies.
 Laws of the Indies
 La Novisima Recopilacion
 Leyes de Toro
 Siete Partidas
The Spanish colonizers a highly centralized from the government. The
central government was headed by the govrnor, captain- general, or
governor-general, who was appointed by King og Spain.
  Executive-
 Judicial
 There was no legislature or
congress because the Laws of
the Philippines were made by
the Spaniards in Spain.
VICE ROYAL

COMMANDER IN CHIEF

CUMPLASE
The judicial powers of the government were exercised by the
audiencia and the lower courts.The Audiencia was established
in the Philippines in 1583 to administer justice to the aggrieved
people in the colony.Gov.Santiago de Vera was its first
president.The Audiencia was the highest court insofar as civil
and criminal cases were concerned.Moreover,political and
administrative matters were brought before the Audiencia by
the governor.In the absence of the governor,the Audiencia
exercised political and administrative powers.It also audited the
finances of the government.
 Pacified provinces
 Alcalde mayor
 Indulto de comercio
 Gobernadorcillo(capitan municipal/capitan or little
governor)
 Cabeza de barangay
 Spanish friar-curate
 TWO CITIES(during the first century of Spanish
Rule): Cebu and Manila
 By the seventeenth century,the Philippines has six
cities:
Cebu,Manila,Vigan,Nueva Segovia,Arevalo,And Nueva
Caceres
 Ayuntamiento-alcaldes-twelve regidores-chief of
police,city secretary.
 Cabeza
 Principalia
 Franciscan
missionaries(1577)

Recollect Augustinia
n order Jesuits(1581)
missionaries(1606)

Dominican(1587)
To administer the parishes efficiently,the Catholic Church was
divided into districts.In turn,each district was divided into
parishes and missions.
 Notary and
other official

Vicar general

Archbishop

Ecclesiastical
Court
The inquisition was an ecclesiastical office,whose duty was to search for
heretics and those guilty of preaching or practicing religious doctrines
that were contrary to that of the Catholic Church.
 Xylography-the first printing press introduced by the
Spanish.
 The first books printed through yxlography were the
Christian doctrine in Tagalog and in Chinese in 1593.
 Father Francisco de San Jose or Blancas de San Jose- he
introduced the movable type of printing or
typography.
 Residencia-was the public investigation and trial of
outgoing colonial officials in order to ascertain
whether they had committed abuses in the
performance of their duties.
 Vista-was a secret investigation of an official’s conduct
as a public servant.
 Governor-General Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera
The Plaza complex can best illustrate this politico -religious structure of the
colonial government of the country under Spain.The houses of the natives were
situated around a plaza or town center to bring them close to the church,the
convent,the municipio,the marketplace and the cemetery.This setup allowed
the Spaniards to effectively administer and control the natives.The church
easily regulated the activities to the natives,whose residences were under the
peal of bells or bajo de las campanas.
Encomendero-the man who received the
favor(land/encomienda)
THREE KINDS OF ENCOMIENDA:
 Royal Encomienda
 Ecclesiastical Encomienda
 Private Encomienda
1. That the Filipinos to be drafted for work must be
paid for their work
2. That the Filipino laborers should not be made to
work in distant places where they could not return to
their families
3. That the drafting of laborers should not coincide
with the planting and harvest seasons
4. That men who are physically incapable should not be
overworked
5. That forced labor should be resorted to only in cases
of absolute necessity
6. That the number of laborers drafted should be
diminished as soon as laborers from other countries
had volunteered to work
•The tribute was a form of recognition of the Filipino’s
loyalty to the King of Spain.
Sanctorum-small portion of tribute went to the Church
Cedula personal – present equivalent of the residence
certificate class “A”.
 DIEZMOS PREDIALES-a tax which consisted of one-
tenth of the produce of the land
 DONATIVO de ZAMBOANGA-specifically used for
the conquest of Jolo.
 VINTA-tax paid by the people of some provinces along
the coast of Western Luzon for the defense of the
coasts from Muslim pirates.
• Trade across the Pacific./Manila-Acapulco Trade
• The galleon trade was so restrictive that the prosperity
of the Spaniards in Manila depended solely on the
success of the voyage to and from Mexico.
• In 1811 -government’s monopoly of the galleon trade
came to an end.
Annual subsidy/situado-subsidy sent by the Mexican
government to prevent the bankruptcy of the Philippines.This
subsidy amounted to 250,000 pesos.
 ECONOMIC SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF THE COUNTRY
 The society was divided into sections: (1)factories and
manufacturers,(2)industry and popular
education,(3)natural history,(4)domestic and foreign
commerce,(5)agriculture and rural economy.
 In 1784,the society was able to export indigo for the first
time in Philippine history.
 In 1824,the society also founded the Academy of Drawing
in Manila
 In 1861,the society founded an agricultural school in
Manila.
TOBACCO MONOPOLY-The most important government
monopoly.
 The cultivation of tobacco was prohibited except for
the provinces selected to grow it;
 Contraband sale of tobacco was forbidden;
 The government had the exclusive right to purchase all
tobacco products,to inspect and classify the tobacco
plant,and to prepare and manufacture cigar and
cigarettes
 The government had the right to prohibit the
exportation or importation of tobacco by any agency
not connected with the government.
 AIMS

PROGRESS

DEVELOP THE NATURAL RESOURCES

 The Spanish merchants in the Phil.,who had been
accustomed to the profitable galleon trade,did not
cooperate wholeheartedly to the Company;
 The company was not able to establish direct commercial
contact with Japan,China and India,so it had to buy
commodities from these countries through the manila
merchants,resulting in paying higher prices for those
commodities than in the country where they came from.
 The company was not well managed
 Foreign vessels instead the Company’s vessels brought to
manila such items as groceries,canned goods etc.,,,
 First:
 Most Spanish officials were lazy, incompetent and
inefficient

 Second:
 There were frequent quarrels among the Spaniards
themselves