TOEFL REVIEW

STRUCTURE
Do you still remember what you have learned?
 Do you remember?
A sentence always consists of at least………..

1 Subject + 1 Verb
The earth rotates from west to east.
Subject verb
 Do you remember?
A sentence always consists of at least……….. Even in
passive
1 Subject + 1 Verb sentence

The Museum was built in the 80s.

Subject verb
 Do you remember?
Subject is always in the form of a noun or a
noun phrase

Noun Noun Phrase

● Cats ● Two cats
● Book ● The horror book
● Mathematics ● Interesting mathematics
formula
 Do you remember?
Subject is always in the form of a noun or a
noun phrase

Is this a complete sentence?

v
The visitor may attend a traditional event where
S everyone is invited to dance the hula.
 Do you remember?
Subject is always in the form of a noun or a
noun phrase

Is this a complete sentence?

S v
The clues within the first few chapters will lead
to the murderer.
 Do you remember?
Subject is always in the form of a noun or a
noun phrase
Missing
Is this a complete sentence? subject

outside the boundary is dangerous to cross.

??? v
Preposition

outside the boundary is dangerous to cross.

Prepositional phrases A group of words
begins with a
preposition (by, in. on,
Cannot be the at, across, beneath,
under, over, etc)
subject of a
sentence
 S v
The area outside the boundary is dangerous to
cross.
 Do you remember?
Subject is always in the form of a noun or a
noun phrase
Missing
Is this a complete sentence? subject
v
A bold innovator, is known for his colorful
??? abstract paintings.
 Additional ends with a
information for a comma and/or
noun comes after a
comma
Appositive
A bold innovator, is known for his colorful
abstract paintings.
Is not the subject of
a sentence
 S v
A bold innovator, Wassily Kandinsky is known
for his colorful abstract paintings.
 Do you remember?
The Verb of the sentence can be in the form
of a stand alone verb and an verb phrase

Verb Verb phrase

● Run ● Is running
● Eat ● Have eaten
● Send ● Must send
● Hike ● Will have been hiking
● To be (is/are, etc)
 Do you remember?
The Verb of the sentence can be in the form
of a stand alone verb and an verb phrase

Verb Verb phrase

My friend sent a You must send the
letter to me last application letter before
week. it’s too late
 Do you remember?
Sometimes an adjective can resemble a verb.
Is the present participle in this sentence a
verb or an adjective?
verb
The firefighters are responsible as the protector
for nearby buildings from the growing fire.
Adjective
 Do you remember?
Sometimes an adjective can resemble a verb.
Is the present participle in this sentence a
verb or an adjective?
verb
The firefighters have been trying to put off the
fire for two hours.
 Do you remember?
Sometimes an adjective can resemble a verb.
Is the past participle in this sentence a
verb or an adjective?
adjective
Public facilities destroyed in the tsunamis
will be rebuilt by the government
verb
 Is this a correct complete sentence?

S v
The woman dancing in the central park is the
famous ballerina.
 Is this a correct complete sentence?

S v
The tourists found some money lying on the
ground.
 Is this a correct complete sentence?

S v
The tourists found some money lying on the
ground.
 Is this a correct complete sentence?

S v v
Research is conducted for publication should
be thoroughly reported.
Double
verb
TOEFL REVIEW
READING
Do you still remember what you have learned?
 How to find the Main Idea
and the Organization of a
passage?
By looking at the first
sentence of each paragraph
 Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless and inflammable liquid that can
be produced by combining carbon disulfide and chlorine. This compound
is widely used in industry today because of its effectiveness as a solvent
as well as its use in the production of propellants.
Despite its widespread use in industry, carbon tetrachloride has been
banned for home use. In the past, carbon tetrachloride was a common
ingredient in cleaning compounds that were used throughout the home,
but it was found to be dangerous: when heated, it changes into a
poisonous gas that can cause severe illness and even death if it is
inhaled. Because of this dangerous characteristic, the United States
revoked permission for the home use of carbon tetrachloride in 1970.
The United States has taken similar action with various other chemical
compounds.
The main point of this passage is that
A. Carbon tetrachloride is useful but can be very dangerous
B. The government banned carbon tetrachloride in 1970
C. Although carbon tetrachloride can legally be used in industry, it is
not allowed in home products.
D. Carbon tetrachloride used to be a regular part of cleaning
compounds
 The next artist in this survey of American artist is James Whistler. He is included
in this survey of American artist because he was born in the United States, although
the majority of his artwork was completed in Europe. Whistler was born in
Massachusetts in 1834, but nine years later his father moved the family to St.
Petersburg, Russia, to work on the construction of a railroad. The family returned to
the United States in 1849. Two years later Whistler entered the U.S. military
academy at West Point, but he was unable to graduate. At the age of twenty-one
Whistler went to Europe to study art despite familial objections, and he remained in
Europe until his death.
Whistler worked in various art forms, including etchings and lithographs.
However, he is most famous for his paintings, particularly Arrangement in Gray and
Black No. 1: Portrait of the Artist’s Mother or Whistler’s Mother, as it is more
commonly known. This painting shows a side view of Whistler’s mother, dressed I
black and posing against a gray wall. The asymmetrical nature of the portrait, with
his mother seated off-center, is highly characteristic of Whistler’s work.
Which of the following best describes the information in the passage?
A. Several artists are presented
B. One artist’s life and works are described
C. Various paintings are contrasted
D. Whistler’s family life is outlined.