Professional Documents
Culture Documents
!"#$ %$&"''"$(%
!"#$%&'##())*+%&,(#"-'%.$/))+
U#((%>,(#"-'%>(3,4/56(+%J#9B%;439BB94%V49@)(H=(
!"#$%&'##())*+%&,(#"-'%.$/))+%0%12&%&(3,4/56(+%0%78%19#(%12&%&(3,4/56(+%:96%1"4%;+(%</=,>%?9@
!"#$%&'#$()#)'*+,-./'0#1%/#$2,#30'#4-5+6
7%8
!"#$%&'()*+,#%--)'%./,0#$)'1#.'23*+*&,#4,/%&*'()%5
+/,)%-"
A,(4%/>%39B(+%>9%39=4/>/C(%D(,"C/96#")
>,(#"-'%E12&FG%>,(#(%"#(%B"4'G%B"4'
>(3,4/56(+G%+>#">(=/(+G%"4H%/4>(#C(4>/94+
">%'96#%H/+-9+")I%.9B(%9J%>,(+(
>(3,4/56(+%"#(%D(+>%6+(H%/4%"%>,(#"-/+>K
(15
3)/(4>%+(>>/4=G%@,/)(%9>,(#+%)(4H
CoreCBT
>,(B+()C(+%56/>(%@())%>9%/4H/C/H6")%9#%L+()JK Techniques
,()-M%+/>6">/94+I
&(3,4/56(+%3"4%")+9%D(%6+(H%/4%>"4H(B%9#
/4H/C/H6"))'I%N>%H(-(4H+%94%>,(%+(>>/4=G%>,(
3/#36B+>"43(%9#%/++6(G%"4H%>,(%/4H/C/H6")%+(($/4=%,()-I%&,">M+%>,(%399)%>,/4=%"D96>%12&
>(3,4/56(+%O%>,(#(%/+%49%L399$/(%36>>(#MG%94(K+/P(KQ>+K"))%@"'%>9%6+(%>,(BI
A,">%>,(%>(3,4/56(+%"4H%+>#">(=/(+%NMB%=9/4=%>9%H/+36++%,(#(%"))%,"C(%/4%39BB94%/+
>,">%>,('%"#(%D6/)>%6-94%>,(%J964H">/94+%9J%12&%O%/H(4>/J'/4=%B")"H"->/C(%>,/4$/4=%"4H
/4>(4>/94"))'%B"$/4=%+-(3/Q3G%+>#">(=/3%D(,"C/96#")%3,"4=(+%>9%"3,/(C(%"%H(+/#(H
96>39B(I%.9B(%"#(%=(4(#")%12&%>(3,4/56(+G%@,/)(%9>,(#+%"#(%B9#(%>"#=(>(H%>9%+-(3/Q3
/++6(+%9#%4((H+I
R(>M+%+>"#>%@/>,%>,(%D"+/3+%>,">%J9#B%>,(%J964H">/94%9J%12&I
!"#$%&'()$*+",-")&."/01
2(,"C/96#")%(S-(#/B(4>+%"#(%>,(%39#4(#+>94(%9J%12&I%&,(+(%(S-(#/B(4>+%"#(%H(+/=4(H
>9%>(+>%>,/4$/4=%"4H%/H(4>/J'%>,96=,>%-">>(#4+%>,">%/4T6(43(%D(,"C/96#I
2'%/4>(4>/94"))'%L>#'/4=%96>M%+-(3/Q3%@"'+%9J%>,/4$/4=%"4H%9D+(#C/4=%>,(%96>39B(
D(,"C/96#+G%3)/(4>+%="/4%"%H((-(#%"@"#(4(++%9J%>,(%-">>(#4+%9J
>,/4$/4=%>,">%B"'%D(%,9)H/4=%>,(B%D"3$%J#9B%#("3,/4=%>,(/#
=9")+I7
2#'(3#0+)"4')51
&,96=,>%#(39#H+%"#(%")+9%H(+/=4(H%>9%>(+>
>,(%C")/H/>'%9J%96#%>,96=,>+I%W3>6"))'%#(39#H/4=%96#%>,96=,>+
-#9C/H(+%"%@"'%J9#%6+%>9%(C")6">(%>,(%(C/H(43(%J9#%9#%"="/4+>%"
-"#>/36)"#%@"'%9J%>,/4$/4=%O%(++(4>/"))'G%/+%/>%>#6(%9#%49>%>#6(%D"+(H
94%>,(%+/>6">/94X%&,96=,>%#(39#H+%,()-%>,(%3)/(4>%>9%(+>"D)/+,%"
B9#(%D")"43(H%@"'%9J%>,/4$/4=%D"+(H%94%)9=/3%O%@,">%!"%"+
9--9+(H%>9%@,">%>,('%#$$%I7GY
!"#$%&'()+$40&%$0&'/+6$7$+14#"5(*&/3+-*"$1$/0+$40&%&0&"18
&,/+%+>#">(='%/+%">%943(%+9%+/B-)(%'(>%+9%-9@(#J6)I%Z)("+6#"D)(
"3>/C/>/(+%"#(%"B94=%>,(%Q#+>%>9%=9%@,(4%-(9-)(%"#(%J"3(H%@/>,
"HC(#+/>'I%N4>(4>/94"))'%>"$/4=%-"#>%/4%"3>/C/>/(+%>,">%"#(%(4[9'"D)(
,()-+%>9%#(H63(%4(=">/C(%>,/4$/4=%"4H%-#9B9>(+%B9#(%-9+/>/C(
(B9>/94+%"4H%J(()/4=+%9J%@())D(/4=I%%&,/+%>(3,4/56(%/+%-"#>/36)"#)'
,()-J6)%J9#%3)/(4>+%@/>,%H(-#(++/94I\
9,-'1()"
]S-9+6#(%/+%"%-9@(#J6)%>(3,4/56(%6+(H%>9%,()-%3)/(4>+%J"3(%>,(/#
J("#+%9#%-,9D/"+%/4%"%394>#9))(H%@"'I%2"+/3"))'G%'96M#(%"+$/4=%>,(
3)/(4>%>9%D(%(S-9+(H%>9%>,(%C(#'%>,/4=%>,('%J("#I%N>%@/))G%9J%396#+(G
D(%+3"#'%J9#%>,(BI
A,(4%6+(H%-#9-(#)'G%(S-9+6#(%,"+%D((4%-#9C(4%>9%D(%(^(3>/C(%/4
>,(%#(H63>/94%9J%J("#+%"4H%-,9D/"+I%]S-9+6#(%>(3,4/56(+%"#(%D(+>
6>/)/P(H%"+%-"#>%9J%"%>,(#"-(6>/3%/4>(#C(4>/94%@/>,%"%>,(#"-/+>%@,9%/+%@())%>#"/4(H%/4%>,(/#
6+(I
&,(#(%"#(%B"4'%(S-9+6#(%>(3,4/56(+G%"4H%(C(4%B9#(%@"'+%>9%/B-)(B(4>%>,(BI_%`(#(
"#(%+9B(%9J%>,(%B9#(%39BB94%"4H%@())%$49@4%>(3,4/56(+I
&!'()'!*+,$-.*"(/$,0!$/)/10!$"
N4%>,/+%>(3,4/56(G%>,(%>,(#"-/+>%,()-+%>,(%3)/(4>%B"$(%"%)/+>%9J%J("#(H%9D[(3>+%9#
+/>6">/94+I%&,(%3)/(4>%>,(4%#">(+G%94%"%+3")(%9J%a%>9%7aG%,9@%H/+>#(++(H%>,('%@96)H%D(%D'
("3,%/>(BI%U9#%(S"B-)(G%"%-(#+94%@,9%J("#+%H9=+%B/=,>%+"'%b?9>%+((/4=%"%H9=%/4%>,(
'"#Hc%/+%aI%bW%H9=%)/3$/4=%B'%,"4Hc%B/=,>%D(%>,(/#%7aI
.>"#>/4=%@/>,%>,(%)("+>%H/+>#(++/4=G%>,(%>,(#"-/+>%,()-+%>,(%3)/(4>%@9#$%>,#96=,%("3,
+/>6">/94%/4%>,(%)/+>I%&,/+%/+%"%@"'%9J%=#"H6"))'%/43#("+/4=%(S-9+6#(%"4H%H/B/4/+,/4=%>,(
H/+>#(++%9J%(S-9+6#(I
2%**3!+4
U)99H/4=%")+9%6+(+%(S-9+6#(%,/(#"#3,/(+G%D6>%=(4(#"))'%D(=/4+%@/>,%>,(%B9#(%H/d36)>%9#
H/+>#(++/4=%+3(4"#/9+%9#%9D[(3>+I%1"6>/94%+,96)H%D(%6+(H%@,(4%3,99+/4=%>,/+%>(3,4/56(G
"+%/>%3"4%()/3/>%+>#94=%#(+-94+(+I%&,/+%>(3,4/56(%/+%D(+>%6>/)/P(H%"+%-"#>%9J%"%>,(#"-(6>/3
/4>(#C(4>/94I
&5"'$6)'!1,3$"$+"!'!7)'!*+
&,/+%>(3,4/56(%/4C9)C(+%39BD/4/4=%(S-9+6#(%@/>,%#()"S">/94%(S(#3/+(+I%&,(%3)/(4>%/+
>"6=,>%+>#">(=/(+%>9%#(B"/4%#()"S(H%/4%+/>6">/94+%>,">%@96)H%49#B"))'%()/3/>%J("#I
e#"H6"))'G%>,('%+>"#>%>9%"++93/">(%>,(/#%J("#(H%9D[(3>%9#%+/>6">/94%@/>,%#()"S">/94%#">,(#
>,"4%-9@(#J6)%4(=">/C(%J(()/4=+I
:'()/$*&/3
f96#4")/4=%/+%"%=#(">%@"'%>9%=">,(#%/4J9#B">/94%"D96>%>,96=,>+
"4H%J(()/4=+I%&,(%[96#4")%3"4%D(%6+(H%"+%"%-)"3(%>9%/H(4>/J'G
H(+3#/D(G%"4H%(C")6">(%B99H+G%>,96=,>+G%+3(4"#/9+G%"4H
#(+-94+(+I%`"C/4=%"%-)"3(%>9%L64-"3$M%"4H%(S-)9#(%3"4%)("H%>9
>#(B(4H96+%/4+/=,>I
;'3/&0&%"+)"10)(40()&/3+<+(/)$%"**&/3+4'3/&0&%"+5&10')0&'/1
19=4/>/C(%H/+>9#>/94+%"#(%-">>(#4+%9J%J"6)>'%>,/4$/4=%>,">%394C/43(
6+%+9B(>,/4=%/+%>#6(%@,(4%/>%/+%49>I%&,(#(%"#(%+(C(#")%>'-(+%9J
39=4/>/C(%H/+>9#>/94+I%&9%64#"C()%>,(BG%>,(%3)/(4>%B6+>%)("#4
@,/3,%"#(%-#(+(4>%J9#%>,(B%"4H%,9@%>9%3,"))(4=(%>,9+(%@"'+%9J
>,/4$/4=I
&,(#(%"#(%"4'%46BD(#%9J%@9#$+,((>+%94%>,(%N4>(#4(>%>,">%3"4%D(
6+(H%>9%,()-%"%3)/(4>%/H(4>/J'%"4H%3,"))(4=(%>,(/#%H/+>9#>/94+%/4%>,/4$/4=I%&,/+%3"4%")+9%D(
"339B-)/+,(H%>,#96=,%>,(%>,(#"-/+>K3)/(4>%H/")9=6(I%&,(%=9")G%9J%396#+(G%/+%>9%,()-%>,(
3)/(4>%)("#4%>9%H9%>,/+%94%>,(/#%9@4I7
`(#(%"#(%QC(%L>,96=,>%3,"))(4=(+M%J#9B%>,(%?`.%U/J(%g(-"#>B(4>%9J%Z+'3,9)9='M+
8$4)'!9$,:0!+;!+4,<=:,:**%"I8%:96%3"4%6+(%>,(+(%>9%=(>%'96#%3)/(4>%>9%>"$(%"%3)9+(#%)99$%">
>,(/#%4(=">/C(%>,96=,>%-">>(#4+I
7I%>0)',)/$,'0$,10)+1$"?@
&,(%>,/4=+%'96%@9##'%"D96>%B"'%D(%C(#'%64)/$()'%>9%,"--(4I%A96)H%'96%D(%@/))/4=%>9
-6>%B94('%94%/>%,"--(4/4=X
YI%>0)',!",'0$,A*/"','0!+4?@
&,(%>,/4=+%'96%@9##'%"D96>%B/=,>%,"--(4G%D6>%'96M#(%B"$/4=%@"'%>99%B63,%9J%>,(BI
194+/H(#%@,(>,(#%/>%@96)H%#("))'%D(%>,">%D"H%/J%>,(%@9#+>%3!3%,"--(4G%"4H%#(")/P(%>,">%/>
B/=,>%49>%D(%@9#>,%"))%>,">%"4S/(>'I
\I%B6,C,/!40','*,'0!+;,'0)'?@
:96%B/=,>%D(%B/++/4=%/B-9#>"4>%/4J9#B">/94%>,">%@96)H%,()-%'96%@/>,%H(3/+/94+I%W+
'96%=">,(#%B9#(%/4J9#B">/94G%'96#%@9##'%"4H%+>#(++%B"'%"D">(I
_I%:0$,D9$,5$)/,/(%$,EF'0$,0!"'*/5,4)6$GH
&,/+%3,"))(4=(%,"+%D((4%"--)/(H%>9%)9>+%9J%+/>6">/94+%@/>,/4%"4H%96>+/H(%9J%12&%>9%-6>
(C(4>+%>,">%,"C(%,"--(4(H%9#%@/))%,"--(4%/4>9%-(#+-(3>/C(I%W+$%'96#+()JG%bU/C(%'("#+
J#9B%49@G%@/))%/>%#("))'%B">>(#Xc
8I%>0)',!",'0!",A*/'0@
194+/H(#%[6+>%,9@%/B-9#>"4>%>,/+%>,/4=%'96M#(%@9##'/4=%"D96>%/+I%R/J(%/+%>99%+,9#>%>9%D(
+-(4>%@9##'/4=%"D96>%>,/4=+%>,">%[6+>%H94M>%H(+(#C(%>,">%$/4H%9J%>/B(%/4C(+>B(4>I
=(/40&'/$*+$11"11."/0+6>!;18
W%J643>/94")%"++(++B(4>%>99)%"))9@+%>,(%3)/(4>%>9%#(39#H%>,(%W21+
E"4>(3(H(4>+G%D(,"C/96#+G%394+(56(43(+F%9J%"%+/>6">/94I%&,/+%H">"
"))9@+%>,(%>,(#"-/+>%"4H%3)/(4>%>9%D(=/4%>9%/H(4>/J'%-">>(#4+%9J
D(,"C/96#I\%&,(#(%"#(%-)(4>'%9J%>,(+(%J9#B+%94%>,(%N4>(#4(>G%D6>
/>M+%")+9%+6-(#%("+'%>9%H(+/=4%'96#%9@4I
?"@)$.&/3
N>M+%("+'%>9%J"))%/4>9%J"B/)/"#%-">>(#4+%9J%4(=">/C(%>,/4$/4=I%h4(%@"'
>9%3964>(#"3>%4(=">/C(%>,/4$/4=%/+%>,#96=,%#(J#"B/4=I%<(J#"B/4=
/+%>,(%"3>%9J%#(-)"3/4=%4(=">/C(%>,96=,>+%@/>,%-9+/>/C(%94(+%"+
+994%"+%>,(%4(=">/C(%>,96=,>%9336#+I
<(J#"B/4=%H/+#6->+%>,(%4(=">/C(%3'3)(%9J%-(#-(>6">/94%"4H%#(+(>+
>,(%J936+%94%+9B(>,/4=%-9+/>/C(I7%&,/+%>(3,4/56(%3"4%D(%6+(H
D9>,%/4%+(++/94+%"4H%"+%-"#>%9J%,9B(@9#$G%6+/4=%"%>,96=,>%#(39#H%9#%+/B/)"#%>99)I
A'."B')7
`9B(@9#$%/+%"4%(++(4>/")%-"#>%9J%>,(%12&%-#93(++I%`9B(@9#$
"++/=4B(4>+%,()-%3)/(4>+%)("#4%4(@%+$/))+%"4H%/4>(=#">(%>,(
3943(->+%)("#4(H%/4%+(++/94+%/4>9%H"/)'%)/J(G%/B-#9C/4=%>#(">B(4>
39B-)/"43(%"4H%394>#/D6>/4=%>9%+'B->9B%#(H63>/94I7G\
?"*$,$0&'/+$/5+.&/5@(*/"11
&,#((%9J%B'%J"C96#/>(%#()"S">/94%"4H%B/4HJ6)4(++%-#"3>/3(+%"#(
-#9=#(++/C(%B6+3)(%#()"S">/94%EZ!<FG%B(H/>">/94G%"4H%H((-
D#(">,/4=I%]"3,%/+%"%D/>%H/^(#(4>%/4%/>+%/B-)(B(4>">/94%"4H%/4>(4>I
Z!<%/4C9)C(+%>,(%+'+>(B">/3%>(4+/4=%"4H%#()("+/4=%9J%("3,
B6+3)(%=#96-G%39BD/4(H%@/>,%H((-%D#(">,/4=%"4H%B(4>")
/B"=(#'I
!/4HJ6)4(++%B(H/>">/94%/4C9)C(+%3)("#/4=%>,(%B/4H%"4H%J936+/4=%94%>,(%+(4+">/94+
"4H%>,96=,>+%/4%>,(%B9B(4>G%9D+(#C/4=%>,(B%"4H%"))9@/4=%>,(B%>9%-"++I
g((-%D#(">,/4=%/+%"4%"3>/94%>,">%/+%-,'+/9)9=/3"))'%/439B-">/D)(%@/>,%"4S/(>'I
<()"S">/94%"4H%B/4HJ6)4(++%>(3,4/56(+%=/C(%>,(%3)/(4>%"%4(@%"4H%H/^(#(4>%@"'%>9
#(+-94H%>9%H/+>#(++/4=%+/>6">/94+I%&,/+%3,"4=(%9J%#(+-94+(%3"4%D#("$%>,(%3'3)(%9J
-(#-(>6">/94I%<()"S">/94%")+9%,()-+%>,(%3)/(4>%>9%56/(>%>,(/#%B/4H%+9%>,">%>,('%3"4%>,/4$
B9#(%#">/94"))'%"4H%)9=/3"))'I%:96&6D(%C/H(9+G%"6H/9%#(39#H/4=+G%"--+G%"4H%(C(4
#()"S/4=%B6+/3%3"4%"))%D(%=99H%#(+96#3(+%,(#(I
2#"+CDEF9G+0"4#/&H("
&,/+%>(3,4/56(%/+%6+(H%>9%>("3,%>,(%3)/(4>%-#9D)(BK+9)C/4=%+$/))+I\
A,/)(%>,(#(%"#(%B"4'%C"#/">/94+%94%>,/+%>(3,4/56(%E"4H%)9>+%9J
9>,(#%4"B(+%J9#%/>FG%+>#63>6#(H%-#9D)(B%+9)C/4=%/+%"%3#/>/3")%+$/))%J9#
3)/(4>+%>9%)("#4I%&,(%"3#94'B%.hRi]g%=/C(+%>,(%3)/(4>%"%>"4=/D)(G
B(B9#"D)(%>99)%J9#%@9#$/4=%>,#96=,%>,(%-#9D)(BK+9)C/4=%+>(-+I
.%O%&$%$1'%"%-#9D)(B%>,">%>,(%3)/(4>%@"4>+%>9%+9)C(I
h%O%I.$+%'96#%B/4H%>9%"))%+9)6>/94+%O%D#"/4+>9#B%"))%>,(%9->/94+%@/>,%'96#%3)/(4>I
R%O%J!"'%>,(%-9>(4>/")%-#9+%"4H%394+%9J%("3,%-9>(4>/")%+9)6>/94I
i%O%K$/!#5%>,(%D(+>%+9)6>/94%O%H(3/H(%@,/3,%3,9/3(+%"#(%-#"3>/3")%9#%H(+/#"D)(I
]%O%L+)1'%>,(%-)"4I
g%O%M$1!3$%/J%>,(%-)"4%@9#$(HI
?'*"+-*$I
<9)(%-)"'%,"+%"%+/=4/Q3"4>%-)"3(%/4%12&I%N>%3"4%D(%6+(H%>9%,()-
3)/(4>+%H/+39C(#%"6>9B">/3%>,96=,>+G%-#"3>/+(%4(@%#(+-94+(+G%9#
B9H/J'%39#(%D()/(J+I%<9)(%-)"'%/+%")+9%"%6+(J6)%>99)%J9#%)("#4/4=%4(@
+93/")%+$/))+%+63,%"+%"++(#>/C(4(++I7
2#"+J-&"K+0"4#/&H("
2"+(H%94%>,(%+/B-)(%-/(%3,"#>G%>,(%L-/(M%>(3,4/56(%)(>+%3)/(4>+%+((
>,(/#%=9")+%"4H%/H("+%/4%=#"-,%J9#BI%&,(%L-/(M%>(3,4/56(%3"4%,()-
@/>,%>,/4=+%)/$(%+(>>/4=%=9")+%"4H%H(>(#B/4/4=%#(+-94+/D/)/>'%J9#
96>39B(+I7
./B-)'%,"C(%>,(%3)/(4>%-)"3(%("3,%/H("%9#%=9")%/4>9%"%-/(%3,"#>G
H/C/H(H%"339#H/4=%>9%/B-9#>"43(%"+%>,('%+((%Q>I%&,/+%-#93(++%3"4%D(%H94(%"+%-"#>%9J%"
,9B(@9#$%"++/=4B(4>%9#%"+%-"#>%9J%>,(%94=9/4=%>,(#"-/+>K3)/(4>%H/")9=6(I%2(3$%EYa77F
,"+%+(C(#")%/))6+>#">/94+%"4H%(S"B-)(+%9J%>,(%6+(%9J%>,/+%>(3,4/56(I7
;)"5&0+*&10+0"4#/&H("
&,/+%/+%"%+/B-)(%>(3,4/56(%>,">%3"4%'/()H%-9@(#J6)%#(+6)>+I%1)/(4>+
39B/4=%>9%>,(#"-'%9J>(4%)"3$%394QH(43(%/4%>,(/#%"D/)/>'%>9%3,"4=(
"4H%B"'%49>%/BB(H/">()'%#(39=4/P(%>,(%-9+/>/C(%+>(-+%>,('%"#(
>"$/4=I%&,(%3#(H/>%)/+>%/+%+/B-)'%"%H"/)'%)/+>%>,">%>,(%3)/(4>%B"$(+%9J
-9+/>/C(%>,/4=+%,(%9#%+,(%H(+(#C(+%3#(H/>%J9#I
?9>%94)'%H9(+%>,/+%>(3,4/56(%,()-%>,(%3)/(4>%>9%#(39=4/P(%>,(/#
-#9=#(++G%/>%")+9%+>#(4=>,(4+%>,(/#%"D/)/>'%>9%/H(4>/J'%64H(#)'/4=%-9+/>/C(%D()/(J+%"4H
56")/>/(+%@,(4%H9/4=%>,(/#%39#(%D()/(J+%@9#$%/4%>,(#"-'I7
E"00&/3+0#"+10')I+-*$I+'(0
&,/+%>(3,4/56(%/+%"%+9#>%9J%>,96=,>%(S-(#/B(4>I%&,(%>,(#"-/+>%"+$+
>,(%3)/(4>%>9%/B"=/4(%>,(%96>39B(%9J%>,(/#%@9#+>K3"+(%+3(4"#/9G
>,(4%(4396#"=(+%>,(B%>9%)(>%>,(%+3(4(%-)"'%96>%>9%/>+%3943)6+/94I
W))9@/4=%>,(%@9##/+9B(%(C(4>%>9%-)"'%96>%"))9@+%>,(%3)/(4>%>9%+((
>,">%(C(4%/J%>,(/#%@9#+>%J("#%+,96)H%39B(%>9%-"++G%>,/4=+%3"4%"4H
H9%-"++%"4H%=(>%D(>>(#IY
.9%>,(#(%'96%,"C(%/>I%W%@,9)(%+(>%9J%>99)+%'96%3"4%"HH%>9%'96#%12&%>99)D9SI%A,/)(%'96
"#(%-#9D"D)'%J"B/)/"#%@/>,%B"4'%9J%>,(+(%>99)+G%+9B(%B/=,>%D(%4(@%>9%'96I%W+%")@"'+G
D(%+6#(%'96%"#(%@9#$/4=%@/>,/4%'96#%+39-(%9J%-#"3>/3(I%NJ%'96%J(()%64+6#(%"D96>%+9B(%9J
>,(+(%>(3,4/56(+G%+(($%96>%"HH/>/94")%>#"/4/4=%+-(3/Q3"))'%/4%12&I
!"#$%&'()"*+,"(-(,#%"&./0(0.)"00(-&*(%&,)"-0"(.1"%)("2"),%0"(34.%5-.%4&
:0!",!",'0!",1%!$+'G",D#'0,"$""!*+,)+3,)%'0*(40,"0$,0)",%*"',.%$+'5,*#,A$!40',)+3,4*',D''$/,)+3
0$)%'0!$/N,"0$,#$$%","0$,0)",/$)10$3,),.%)'$)(O,&0$,0)",)%"*,P$$+,#$$%!+4,.)/'!1(%)/%5
"'/$""$3,/$1$+'%5,3($,'*,0!40,A*/;,3$6)+3"N,0$/,#)'0$/N,)+3,'0$,+$$3,'*,P$,"(..*/'!9$,'*
0$/,3)(40'$/O
&0$,#$$%",0$/,3!$',!",./$''5,P)%)+1$3,P(','0)',"0$,+$$3",'*,6*9$,6*/$O,&0$,#$$%",D+$,)P*('
151%!+4,+*A,P(',#$$%","0$,0)"+G',P$$+,3*!+4,$+*(40O
Q)/;,3$"1/!P$",'0$,P$+$D'",*#,"0*/',P(',/$)%%5,!+'$+"$,$-$/1!"$,)+3,"0$,)4/$$","0$,1)+,"')/'
A!'0,'0/$$,%*'",*#,RS,"$1*+3,"./!+'",*+,0$/,"')'!*+)/5,P!;$,),A$$;O
Q)/;,('!%!7$",'0$,.%$)"(/$,'0$,1%!$+',4*',#/*6,),/$1$+',0*%!3)5,A!'0,0$/,3)(40'$/,)",'0$,P)"!"
#*/,),05.+*'!1,!+3(1'!*+,)+3,"(44$"'","0$,1)+,#$$%,6*/$,6*'!9)'$3,'*,4$',(.,'*,),+$A,%$9$%,T
UD+3,),P$''$/,.%)'$)(V,)+3,)%"*,#$$%,%$"","'/$""$3,3)5,'*,3)5O
Q$6P$/",*#,W+1*66*+,X/)1'!'!*+$/",:K,1)+,A)'10,'0!","$""!*+,*+%!+$,+*AO,B+3,!#,5*(G3,%!;$
'*,Y*!+N,5*(,1)+,"!4+,(.,'*,P$,+*'!D$3,A0$+,P**;!+4,!",*.$+,0$/$O
!"##$"%&'()*+,$-../0$1234
32536'*5%$4.$)7$48%'(97
4%68+*:2%3$+%;3<%44%'$5%<.;=
g9@4)9"H%B'%D99$%94%#(J#"B/4=G%j?(@%A"'+%9J
.((/4=jG%@,(4%'96%+6D+3#/D(%J9#%J#((%(B"/)%6-H">(+
1)/3$%>9%+6D+3#/D(%J#((%49@
>L'(0+M$)7+2I))"**
Z+'3,9)9='%/+%B'%-"++/94I%N*C(%D((4%"%-+'3,9>,(#"-/+>%>#"/4(#%+/43(%7kklG
+-(3/")/P/4=%/4%D#/(JG%+9)6>/94%J936+(H%"--#9"3,(+I%N%49@%>("3,
-#"3>/>/94(#+%"))%9C(#%>,(%@9#)H%C/"%96#%94)/4(%396#+(+I
:96%3"4%=(>%B'%D99$%U<]]%@,(4%'96%+6D+3#/D(%>9%B'%>,(#"-'
>(3,4/56(+%4(@+)(>>(#I%1)/3$%,(#(%>9%+6D+3#/D(%J#((%49@I
:96%3"4%")+9%=(>%B'%"#>/3)(+%94%:96&6D(G%Q4H%B(%94%N4+>"=#"BG%WB"P94G
&@/>>(#G%"4H%U"3(D99$I
U/#+>%-6D)/+,(H%94m%k>,%f6)'%Ya7k
!"#$%&
E7F%2(3$G%fI%EYa77FI%<*4+!'!9$,P$0)9!*/,'0$/).5Z,=)"!1",)+3,P$5*+3%EY4H%(HIFI%?(@%:9#$G%?:m%&,(%e6/)J9#H%Z#(++I
EYF%,>>-+mnn-9+/>/C(-+'3,9)9='-#9=#"BI39Bn3D>K39=4/>/C(KD(,"C/9#")K>,(#"-'K>(3,4/56(+K@9#$+,((>+n
E\F%,>>-+mnn@@@IB/#(33IC"I=9CnC/+47onH93+n>,(#"-/+>+p=6/H(p>9pD#/(Jp3D>B"46")I-HJ
E_F%,>>-mnn@@@IH/C7YI9#=n+/>(+nH(J"6)>nQ)(+nA,">N+]S-9+6#(&,(#"-'I-HJ
E8F%,>>-+mnn@@@IB99H3"J(I39I6$nB(H/"n7k77ln?(=">/C(qYa&,/4$/4=I-HJ
?"*$0"5+>)0&4*"1N
% % %
'$()*+",$*-./*/$012345$%*#1$,(67*#$012345$%*8
C"$)4#+=')+M')"+2#")$-I+2"4#/&H("1N
.("#3,%@,">%'96%"#(%)99$/4=%J9#III %
Helping the Adult How to Handle Four Vital Principles for How
Parentified Child Hindsight Bias Addiction Therapy Pseudoepileptic
10 months ago • 7 comments 8 months ago • 2 comments a year ago • 1 comment 5 months ago
3 ways to help your Three steps to help your How to approach addiction What one of my strangest
parentified client get what depressed client see their to make it easier for your cases taught me about
they need as an adult past with fresh eyes client to escape PTSD and the mind
Helping the Adult How to Handle Four Vital Principles for How
Parentified Child Hindsight Bias Addiction Therapy Pseudoepileptic
Name
Uncommon Knowledge Ltd, Boswell House, Argyll Square, Oban, UK PA34 4BD. Registered Company 03573107
Telephone: +44 (0)1273 776770, International: +44 (0) 1273 776770, Email: Contact us here or email us directly at % %
support@unk.com. Read our privacy policy.