NAME: SAMANTHA LOUIS FAITH Activity 3 Science Technology and Society

COURSE/GROUP: BSA1-G2 Date Performed: NOVEMBER 11, 2020

Complete the Table

Provide the necessary information to complete the table

Olmec Mayan Aztec Inca

Civilization Civilization Civilizatio Civilization
n
Present The first great The ancient Mayans are The Aztec Flourished in the
Day Mesoamerican a diverse group of establishe Andean Region of
Location civilization. They indigenous people who d their city South America from
thrived along lived in part of present- of the early 15th century
southern gulf coast day Mexico, Belize, Technocti A.D. up until it
of Mexico, mainly in Guatemala, El Salvador tian, conquest by the
the present-day and Honduras. present- Spaniards in the
states of Veracruz day 1530s.
and Tabasco for Mexico
about 1200 to 400 City in
B.C. 1325 A.D.
Agricult Olmecs are known to The Mayans not only Olmecs They are rich in
ure cultivate cacao, made the great are known maize(corn) and
rubber and salt. It progress in agriculture to dried Ilama, coca
also observed that but also made a big cultivate leaves and alcohol:
they are using an break in Technology. cacao, Other consumable
elaborate water and rubber goods include
drainage system. and salt. It potatoes, quinoa,
also beans and chilli
observed peppers.
that they
are using
an
elaborate
water and
drainage
system.

The
Mayans
not only
made the
great
progress
in
agricultur
e but also
made a
big break
in
Technolog
 y.

The
Ancient
Aztecs
used and
created a
great
many
farming
technique
s to
produce
food for
both the
Aztec
empire
and trade.
One of the
most well-
known
farming
methods
of the
Aztecs
was the
chinampas
farming
system,
used
particularl
y on the
swampy
but rich
ground of
Tenochtitl
an and in
the lake of
Texcoco.
Astrono The calendar used in Mayans atronomy was Aztec Inca calendar were
my Mexico may also concerned on tracking astronom strongly tied in
Calendar have originated from the movement of the y was also astronomy. The inca
s the Olmec. They also stars and planets across an calendar was
studied astronomy the sky, and were able important essentially lunisolar,
since they obsessed to accurately predict componen as two calendars
with the timing of celestial events such as t of their were maintained in
religious ritual. The eclipses. calendar, parallel, one solar
oldest form of the The Mayans discovered which and one lunar.
calendar—the solar r an accurate calendar- reflected Twelve lunar months
ound—was likely The ritual calendar that heavily on fall 11 days short of a
invented by the developed in their god. full 365 day solar
 Olmec, epi-Olmec, or Mesoamerica used a The Canoe year. Equinoxes,
Izapans about 900- count of 260 days. This is the soltices, and Venus
700 BCE, when calendar gave each day highly cycles are observed.
agricultural was first a name, much like our specialize
established. The days of the week. d Aztec
sacred round may There were 20 days Calendar.
have been name, represented by
developed as a their respective
subdivision of the symbols.
365-year one, as a
tool specifically
designed to track
important dates for
farming.
Tools Tools were mostly The Mayans Aztec The Inca weaponry
and made of stone and tools were included: Bronze or
Weapon include basic items
invented long made of bone-tipped Spears;
s such as hammers, distance weapons obsidian two handed wooden
wedges, mortar-and- such as, bow and and chert. swords with serrated
pestles and mano- Aztec edges; Clubs with
and-metate
arrow, blow baldes, stone and spiked
grinders used for gun, slings and bows and metal heads. Woolen
mashing corn and throwing spears. arrows slings and stone;
other grains. were Stone or copper
Obsidian was not
When being headed battle axes;
native to the Olmec the atlatl or spear made with Bolas ( stones
lands, but when it thrower was either fastened to lengths
could be had, it stone or of cord)
brought to the
made copper.
excellent knives. Mayans from
Teotihuacan
around 400 A.D.,
it was quickly
adopted and
became the
Mayans'
dominant long
distance weapon.
Medicin Olmec used The The Aztec Coca leaves were
e medicinal plants like were also used in moderate
medicinal herbs
ancient Maya per advanced amounts to lessen
ceived health as in the hunger and pain
“balance”, developm during work, but
ent of were mostly used for
whereas illness medicine.I religious and health
and disease were n fact, purposes as well as
“imbalance”. May Aztec during surgeries as
medicine an anesthetic. The
an medical texts was found Inca made many
 are devoted to the in many discoveries. They
forms informed successful
treatment of such as skull surgeries,
symptoms based ointments which involved
upon the effects , drinks, cutting holes in the
and skull in order to
of certain herbal salves. alleviate fluid build
remedies which up and inflammation
could be caused by head
wounds.
swallowed,
smoked, snorted,
rubbed on the
skin, and even
given as enemas.
Other They were the first The Mayans were also One other some of the
Scientifi Mesoamerican talented in building scientific important scientific i
c civilization, and laid elaborate temples and achievem nnovations and
Develop many of the great cities without the ent are technologies used by
ment foundations for the essential tools like aqueducts the Inca Empire.
civilizations that metals. . During The Incas built a
followed. Among the time large system of roads
other "firsts", the of the that went
Olmec appeared to Aztecs, throughout their
practice ritual most empire. The roads
bloodletting and Europeans were usually paved
played basically with stone. Stone
the Mesoamerican used the steps were often
ballgame, hallmarks bathroom built into steep areas
of nearly all in a corner in the mountains.
subsequent of their
Mesoamerican hovel (low
societies. The aspect quality
of the Olmecs most house).
familiar now is their These
artwork, particularly conditions
the aptly named caused
"colossal heads". The flea bites
Olmec civilization to spread
was first defined from fleas
through artifacts to rats
which collectors which
purchased on made
the pre-Columbian them eat
art market in the late human
19th century and waste.
early 20th century. Eventually
Olmec artworks are , this
considered among spread to
ancient America's the
most striking. humans.
This led to
the
infamous
plague
that
wiped out
many
Europeans
.
Meanwhil
e, the
Aztecs
were
using
aqueducts
which
carried
the
pollution
away and
significant
ly reduced
the
possibility
of plagues
and
infections.
They were
very
sanitary
for their
time. The
fresh
water
from the
aqueducts
were also
used for
things like
bathing,
farming,
etc. Two
2.5 mile
aqueducts
supplied
the city of
Tenochtitl
an with
fresh
water.