PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY

North External Campuses

Coron Campus

Student Name: Program: BSED ENG 4/SOC SCI 4

Effectively Date: Instructor: JOAN O. KONG

FS 2
(FIELD STUDY 2)

Student Signature: Date Returned:

CHAPTER 1: ACTION RESEARCH

 Vision
An Internationally recognized university that provides relevant
and innovative education and research for lifelong learning and
sustainable development
Mission
Palawan State University is committed to upgrade people’s
quality of life by providing education opportunities through
excellent instruction, research and innovation, extension,
production services, and transnational collaboration

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(By group and five members each group)

OVERVIEW

This module will help you to understand what is action research and selecting
good topics and questions f which you can do when you become a professional teacher.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the lessons, the students will be able to:

1. Discuss the concept, importance, purpose and process in conducting an
action research.
2. Identify topics and questions for action research.
3. Interview some teacher-researchers/ principal about conducting action
research.
4. Conceptualize research topic related in education.
5. Formulate research title based on conceptualized topic.

LET’S EXPLORE!

Activity 1.1

Answer the following questions:

1. Have you experienced to conduct a research study? If yes, what is the title of
your research?
2. What is the focus of your research?
3. What have you learned after you conducted your research?
4. Have you heard the word “Action Research’? If yes, share your idea in
conducting an action research.
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UNDERSTANDING ACTION RESEARCH

Action research is a process of systematic inquiry into a self-identified teaching

or learning problem to better understand its complex dynamics and to develop
strategies geared towards the problem’s improvement (Hamilton and Zaretsky 1997). It
is a disciplined process of inquiry aimed to develop solutions to various issues and
problems related to teaching and learning. It is a technique that guides every teacher to
systematically and critically reflect on different teaching and learning practices.
Specifically, action research is:

a. A process of taking scientific action to improve teaching and learning;

b. Is typically designed and conducted by teachers who analyze data from their
school and classroom experiences to improve their own teaching and learning
practice; and
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 c. A type of applied research in which the teacher-researcher is actively involved in
the process of study.

Action research empowers every teacher to meet all challenges in the teaching
profession related to the implementation of the curriculum. It enables teachers to
examine their teaching practices and experiences in relation to an educational
theory. In action research, the teacher is the doer of the action, which means it is the
teacher who plans, develops, and implements the research and at the end, takes
informed action to implement the purposes of the study.

PURPOSE OF ACTION RESEARCH

Action research can be participated by an individual teacher or a group of

teachers who has a common concern in the field of teaching and learning. It provides an
opportunity for professional development and collaboration. There are several purposes
of action research that could be read in several references and could also be observed
among teacher researchers.

* it allows teachers to understand the nature of educational issues and problems.

* it helps teachers propose solutions to educational issues and problems.
* it develops teachers to become empowered reflective practitioners.
* it creates progress on school priorities.
* it develops a research culture among teachers.
* it develops professional collaboration among teachers.
* it helps teachers to develop curricular among teachers.
* It builds a professional culture in school.
* It provides an opportunity for teachers to improve their teaching skills.
* It responds to the learning needs of students.

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Activity 1.2

Conceptualize titles of action research and research questions for each title in the table
below.

TITLE OF RESEARCH RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Member 1: 1.
_______________________________________ 2.
__________ 3.

Member 2: 1.
_______________________________________ 2.
__________ 3.

Member 3: 1.
_______________________________________ 2.
__________ 3.

Member 4: 1.
_______________________________________ 2.
__________ 3.
SELECTING TOPICS AND QUESTIONS FOR ACTION RESEARCH

Conducting action research becomes more interesting if the topics and research
questions are mentally engaging. Many research failed because the topics are irrelevant
and the questions are invalid. Some research also do not reflect an educational issue
that needs an immediate response. Thus teacher-researchers should know how to
select good topics and develop good research questions based on the topics selected.

Patterson et al. (1993) suggested that teacher-researchers should keep a research

journal.
* Set aside 10 minutes to write a reflection at the end of each day.
* At the end of two weeks, read your journal, look for significant ideas and
themes that could be done for research.
* Brainstorm a list of things that you would like to investigate.
* Review the list and write the first draft of your question.
* Write a paragraph of supporting rationale for your question.
* Reflect on your question.

In selecting the research questions, the following suggestions could be

considered by the teacher-researchers:
* The questions should not be answerable by yes or no.
* The questions could provide opportunities for deeper exploration and reflection
on educational issues.
* The questions should reflect the variables mentioned in the research title.
* The data needed to answer the questions are accessible.

* The questions can be studied within the time frame set for the action research.
* The question should focus on understanding issues and providing solutions.

Examples of research questions:

* How does the Four-Pronged Approach improve the reading comprehension of
Grade II pupils?
* What are the participation of parents and other stakeholders in the
implementation of the school reforms?
* What indigenous knowledge could be integrated in science?

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Activity 1.3
I. Analyze at least two (2) sample action research in school. Read the research
carefully. Identify the purpose of each research.

Title of Action Research Research Questions Purpose

ACTION RESEARCH PROCESS

The action research process can be described as a series of five interrelated

processes.

1. Planning
* Identifying the topic
* Write a good introduction or rationale for the study
* Identify the research questions
* Write the literature review
* Plan the methodology, data gathering procedure, and data analysis
procedure
* Develop the research tools that will be used

2. Acting
* Implementing the research plan
* Collecting data
* Reflecting on the process and making necessary revisions

3. Observing
* Analyze results
* Collating findings
* Discussing and providing interpretation of the results

4. Reflecting
* Evaluating the process
* Reflecting on the findings
* Developing recommendations for improvement

5. Identifying Action
* Sharing the findings with colleagues
* Planning actions for the recommendations
* Implementing recommendations

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Outline for the Action Research Report

This is the format for preparing the manuscript for action research.

Introduction
* What is the background and rationale of the study?
*What was the research question?
* What is the significance of the study?

Review of the Literature

* What do other research say about the topic?
* What theories support the proposed action research?

Methodology
* What is the research method used?
* Who are the research participants or samples?
* What are the research tools used?
* Where did you conduct the research?
* What are the data gathering procedures?
* How did you analyze the data?

Results and Conclusions

* What are the answers to the research questions?
* What is the interpretations of the results?
* What conclusions can be made based on the findings?

Implications and Recommendations

* What lessons are learned from doing this study?
* How can this study be useful to other teachers and schools?
* What actions can you recommend based on the results of the action research?

USING ACTION RESEARCH TO IMPROVE TEACHING AND LEARNING

PRACTICES

Any action research is useless if it is not used to influence or improve teaching

and learning practices in school. The teacher researchers should also endure that the
results of their action research is disseminated properly to other teachers and schools.
Like in any other research, the results and recommendations from action research
should be translated into positive strategies or actions that will be utilized to improve
curriculum and instruction, enhance school policies, improve teaching practices, and
develop a positive school environment.

In the Philippines, it is important to guide teachers in making valid decisions

based on research and data. Action research should empower educators in improving
their teaching performance and developing a culture of lifelong learning. It is necessary
for teachers to know that action research is not bureaucratic requirement for promotion
and recognition and awards. Action research should significantly transform the
academic culture of the school by allowing more innovations and professional
collaborations.

CHAPTER 1: ACTION RESEARCH

LET’S WRAP UP!

Activity 1.4

Conduct an interview. Ask the following questions: Summarize their responses.

(for the teachers)

1. Are you aware of the action research?
2. What prompted you to conduct action research?
3. What are your action research topics?
4. Do you have enough time to conduct action research?
5. Are there incentives for teachers who conduct action research?
6. How did action research improve your teaching practices?
7. How did action research enhance student’s learning?
8. How did you disseminate the results of your action research?

(for the teacher-researchers)

1. Who influenced you to conduct research?
2. What was your experience when you conducted your first action research?
3. How do you disseminate the results of your action research to other teachers?
4. How does action research help you as a teacher?
5. What are the lessons you learned from your action research experience?

(for the principal or School Head)

1. How did action research improve the research culture of the teachers?
2. What are the positive benefits of action research to your school?
3. How did action research develop school performance?
4. How did action research improve the quality of student’s learning?
5. What curricular and instructional innovations were developed as a result of action
research?

Do you think action research develop a culture of excellence among teachers and
students? Explain your answer.

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REFERENCES:
Pawilen, Grey Tabios et. Al, 2019 FIELD STUDY 2, Philippines, REX Bookstore

CHAPTER 1: ACTION RESEARCH

FINAL ASSESSMENT
1. Formulate your final research title based on conceptualized topic (Activity 1.2).
Look at the alignment between the following parts of the research.

Research Title Research Methodology Data Needed

Questions

2. Submit your concept paper.

a. Short bond paper
b. 12 font size
c. New Times Roman font style

CHAPTER 1: ACTION RESEARCH