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Unit number and title Unit 06: Managing a Successful Computing Project
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Table of Contents
I. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................6
II. Project initialization ........................................................................................................................................................7
III. Planning ..............................................................................................................................................................................9
1. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) .......................................................................................................................9
1.1. Definition .................................................................................................................................................................9
1.2. Purpose.................................................................................................................................................................. 10
1.3. WBS for project .................................................................................................................................................. 11
1.4. WBS dictionary ................................................................................................................................................... 12
2. Estimated time............................................................................................................................................................ 13
2.1. Purpose of estimate time ................................................................................................................................ 13
2.2. Estimated time for the project...................................................................................................................... 13
3. Risk management ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.1. Definition .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
3.2. Purpose.................................................................................................................................................................. 14
3.3. Risk management for the project ................................................................................................................ 15
4. Scheduling .................................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1. The purpose of scheduling ............................................................................................................................. 16
4.2. Definition of Gantt ............................................................................................................................................. 16
4.3. Gantt for the project ......................................................................................................................................... 17
5. Resources ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18
5.1. Types of resources ............................................................................................................................................ 18
5.2. Resource sheet for project ............................................................................................................................. 18
6. Cost calculation .......................................................................................................................................................... 18
IV. Primary research .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
1. Qualitative research ................................................................................................................................................. 20
1.1. Definition .............................................................................................................................................................. 20
1.2. Qualitative methods ......................................................................................................................................... 20
1.3. Qualitative research in the project ............................................................................................................. 20
2. Quantitative research .............................................................................................................................................. 26
2.1. Definition .............................................................................................................................................................. 26
2.2. Quantitative methods ...................................................................................................................................... 26
2.3. Quantitative research in the project .......................................................................................................... 26
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V. Secondary research ...................................................................................................................................................... 33
1. Definition ...................................................................................................................................................................... 33
2. References in the project ........................................................................................................................................ 33
VI. Project milestones ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
1. Definition ...................................................................................................................................................................... 34
2. Apply project milestones in the project ............................................................................................................ 34
VII. Accuracy and reliability of research methods ................................................................................................. 35
1. Definition ...................................................................................................................................................................... 35
1.1. Accuracy ................................................................................................................................................................ 35
1.2. Reliability.............................................................................................................................................................. 35
2. Evaluate the accuracy and reliability of different research methods applied. .................................. 36
VIII. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................... 38
IX. References ....................................................................................................................................................................... 39
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List Of Figures:
Figure 1. Work Breakdown Structure ...........................................................................................................................9
Figure 2. WBS for project ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 3. Estimated time for the project .................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 4. Risk management ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Figure 5. Risk management for the project .............................................................................................................. 15
Figure 6. Risk management for the project .............................................................................................................. 15
Figure 7. Definition of Gantt ........................................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 8. Gantt for the project ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 9. Resource sheet for project ........................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 10. Total cost in gantt ......................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 11. Resource unit price ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 12. Source of project cost .................................................................................................................................. 19
Figure 13. Interview report 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 23
Figure 14. Interview report 2 ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Figure 15. Interview report 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Figure 16. Interview report 4 ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 17. Interview report 5 ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 18. Quantitative research - Question 1 ........................................................................................................ 26
Figure 19. Quantitative research - Question 2 ........................................................................................................ 27
Figure 20. Quantitative research - Question 3 ........................................................................................................ 27
Figure 21. Quantitative research - Question 4 ........................................................................................................ 28
Figure 22. Quantitative research - Question 5 ........................................................................................................ 28
Figure 23. Quantitative research - Question 6 ........................................................................................................ 29
Figure 24. Quantitative research - Question 7 ........................................................................................................ 29
Figure 25. Quantitative research - Question 8 ....................................................................................................... 29
Figure 26. Quantitative research - Question 9 ........................................................................................................ 30
Figure 27. Quantitative research - Question 10 ...................................................................................................... 30
Figure 28. Quantitative research - Question 12 ...................................................................................................... 31
Figure 29. Quantitative research - Question 12 ...................................................................................................... 31
Figure 30. Quantitative research - Question 13 ...................................................................................................... 31
Figure 31. Quantitative research - Question 14 ...................................................................................................... 32
List Of Tables:
Table 1. Project initialization ............................................................................................................................................7
Table 2. WBS dictionary ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Table 3. Choose people to be interviewed ................................................................................................................ 20
Table 4. Design interview questions ........................................................................................................................... 21
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I. Introduction
Digital Wellbeing is about crafting and maintaining a healthy relationship with technology. It’s about
how technology serves us and moves us towards our goals, rather than distracting us, interrupting us
or getting in the way. Being in control of technology enables us to use its full potential and gain all the
benefits of it.
As a member of Research and Development, I was given a small project to find out if digital
technology improves life and explore the effectiveness of products. and features specifically designed
to improve health and well-being.
My topic is: "Research on the negative effects of digital technology to human health".
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II. Project initialization
Table 1. Project initialization
PROJECT GOALS
PROJECT OJECTIVES
Survey students' opinions about the negative effects of digital devices such as backache, myopia,
headache.
SCOPE DEFINITION
PROJECT MILESTONES
Planning 06/01/2021
Presentation. 24/02/2021
Report 27/01/2021
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RISK
Lack of experience
Broken computer
Not enough cost
PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
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III. Planning
1.1. Definition
Work breakdown structure is a type of project management that offers a visual way to detail
the deliverables within a project. It does so by presenting key milestones within a hierarchy
that simplifies large projects into smaller, more manageable groups.
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1.2. Purpose
• Improved planning: Large, complex projects can be difficult to wrap your head around,
let alone plan from start to finish. Using work breakdown structure helps improve
planning by making it easy to visualize the scope of the project and break it down into
more manageable milestones.
• Simplified risk identification: The visual nature of work breakdown structure makes it
easier to identify areas of risk so that you can get ahead of problems and remedy them
faster.
• Improved accountability: The clear work assignments, timelines, and budgets identified
by work breakdown structure improve accountability among team members. That’s
because everyone involved should have a clear understanding of what they are
responsible for and the time they have to complete that work.
• Enhanced visibility: Finally, work breakdown structure provides a high level of visibility
into every project. This visibility makes it easy to communicate expectations to
stakeholders and team members and track progress throughout the project.
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1.3. WBS for project
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2. Estimated time
Accurate time estimation is an important skill in project management. Timing is the basis for
evaluating the progress of a project, without it you won't know how long your project will take
to complete.
To be able to successfully manage a project, you need to be able to reasonably estimate time
and be able to achieve
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3. Risk management
3.1. Definition
Risk management is the process of making and carrying out decisions that will minimize the
adverse effects of risk on an organization. The adverse effects of risk can be objective or
quantifiable like insurance premiums and claims costs, or subjective and difficult to quantify
such as damage to reputation or decreased productivity. By focusing attention on risk and
committing the necessary resources to control and mitigate risk, a business will protect itself
from uncertainty, reduce costs, and increase the likelihood of business continuity and success.
3.2. Purpose
Some purposes of risk management:
• Saving resources: people, income, property, assets, time
• Protecting public image
• Protecting people from harm
• Preventing/reducing legal liability
• Protecting the environment
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3.3. Risk management for the project
• Risk management
• Risk list
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4. Scheduling
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4.3. Gantt for the project
ID Task Task Name Duration Start Finish 03 Jan '21 10 Jan '21 17 Jan '21 24 Jan '21 31 Jan '21 07 Feb '21 14 Feb '21 21 Feb '21 28 Feb '21 07 Mar '21 14 Mar '21 21 Mar '21
Mode S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S
1 1. Initiating project 3 days Mon 04/01/21 Wed 06/01/21
2 1.1. Determine project aim 1 day Mon 04/01/21 Mon 04/01/21 Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung,Le Thai Bao
3 1.2. Determine project objectives 1 day Tue 05/01/21 Tue 05/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
4 1.3. Determine project scope 1 day Wed 06/01/21 Wed 06/01/21 Expert
5 1.4. Complete Initiating 0 days Wed 06/01/21 Wed 06/01/21 06/01
6 2. Planning project 8 days Thu 07/01/21 Fri 15/01/21
7 2.1. Create WBS 2 days Thu 07/01/21 Fri 08/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
8 2.2. Estimate time 1 day Mon 11/01/21 Mon 11/01/21 Expert
9 2.3. Mananing risk 3 days Sat 09/01/21 Tue 12/01/21 Mai Van Thai
10 2.4. Create schedule 2 days Tue 12/01/21 Wed 13/01/21 Le Thai Bao
11 2.5. Allocate resource 2 days Tue 12/01/21 Wed 13/01/21 Pham Van Hung
12 2.6. Estimate cost 2 days Thu 14/01/21 Fri 15/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
13 2.7. Complete Planning 0 days Fri 15/01/21 Fri 15/01/21 15/01
14 3. Excuting project 19 days Sat 16/01/21 Sat 06/02/21
15 3.1. Primary research 13 days Sat 16/01/21 Sat 30/01/21
16 3.1.1. Collect qualitative data 13 days Sat 16/01/21 Sat 30/01/21
17 3.1.1.1. Design questions 1 day Sat 16/01/21 Sat 16/01/21 Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
18 3.1.1.2. Conduct interviews 8 days Mon 18/01/21 Tue 26/01/21 Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
19 3.1.1.3. Make a report 4 days Wed 27/01/21 Sat 30/01/21 Mai Van Thai,Computer[1],Pham Van Hung
20 3.1.2. Collect quantitative data 11 days Sat 16/01/21 Thu 28/01/21
21 3.1.2.1. Create survey 2 days Sat 16/01/21 Mon 18/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Computer[1]
22 3.1.2.2. Conduct survey 6 days Mon 18/01/21 Mon 25/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Computer[0]
23 3.1.2.3. Analyse data 3 days Mon 25/01/21 Thu 28/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Computer[0]
24 3.2. Secondary research 6 days Mon 01/02/21 Sat 06/02/21
25 3.2.1. Find documents 2 days Mon 01/02/21 Tue 02/02/21 Mai Van Thai,Le Thai Bao,Pham Van Hung,Computer[1]
26 3.2.2. Analyse documents 4 days Tue 02/02/21 Sat 06/02/21 Pham Van Hung,Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Computer[0]
27 3.3. Complete Excuting project 0 days Sat 06/02/21 Sat 06/02/21 06/02
28 4. Closing project 6 days Sat 06/02/21 Sat 27/02/21
29 4.1. Presentation 3 days Sat 06/02/21 Wed 24/02/21 Computer[0],Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung,Projector[1]
30 4.2. Create report 3 days Wed 24/02/21 Sat 27/02/21 Computer[0],Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
31 4.3. Complete closing project 0 days Sat 27/02/21 Sat 27/02/21 27/02
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5. Resources
6. Cost calculation
• Total cost in gantt (Excluding other costs)
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• Resource unit price
According to the statistics above, the total cost needed to implement the project is 250 million VND.
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IV. Primary research
1. Qualitative research
1.1. Definition
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or
audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth
insights into a problem or generate new ideas for research.
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Step 2: Design interview questions
Types of Questions
Closed-Ended Questions Do you regularly use the devices digital technology it?
Is digital technology important to human life?
Does digital technology negatively affect human health?
Are people becoming too dependent on digital technology?
Do you often have backaches when using your phone or computer for more
than 5 hours continuously?
Do you often have headaches when using your phone or computer for more
than 5 hours continuously?
Are you nearsighted?
Open-Ended Questions What types of digital technology equipment do you normally use?
How much time do you spend a day using digital technology devices?
The benefits of digital technology or harm them larger?
What diseases can the use of digital technology cause?
How can people be less dependent on digital technology?
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b / Le Viet Duc:
Question: Is digital technology important to human life?
Answer: Yes, it is.
Question: How much time do you spend a day using digital technology devices?
Question: What types of digital technology equipment do you normally use?
Answer: Smart phone and TV.
Answer: About 12 hours.
Question: Are you nearsighted?
Answer: Yes, I do.
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d/ Nguyen Truong Giang:
Question: How often do you use digital technology equipment?
Answer: Yes, regularly
Question: In your opinion, are people becoming too dependent on digital technology?
Answer: Yes, we are, but not all.
Question: So, how can people be less dependent on digital technology?
Answer: We need to reduce the time we use them.
Question: Do you often have headaches when using your phone or computer for more than 5
hours continuously?
Answer: Yes, I do.
INTERVIEW REPORT
Interview notes approved by: _____Mai Van Thai_______
Person interviewed: ______Nguyen Manh Cuong_________
Interviewer: ________Mai Van Thai_______
Date: _______________18/01/2021________________
Primary Purpose: Research on the negative impact of digital
technology to human health
Summary of Interview:
- Using digital devices such as telephones and
computers continuously for 5 hours can lead to back
pain. Figure 13. Interview report 1
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INTERVIEW REPORT
Interview notes approved by: _____Mai Van Thai_______
Person interviewed: ______Le Viet Duc_________
Interviewer: ________Mai Van Thai_______
Date: _______________18/01/2021________________
Primary Purpose: Research on the negative impact of digital
technology to human health
Summary of Interview:
- Using too much technology every day can lead to
nearsightedness.
Figure 14. Interview report 2
INTERVIEW REPORT
Interview notes approved by: _____Mai Van Thai_______
Person interviewed: ______Hoang Thu Trang_________
Interviewer: ________Mai Van Thai_______
Date: _______________19/01/2021________________
Primary Purpose: Research on the negative impact of
digital technology to human health
Summary of Interview:
- Using too much digital technology equipment leads
to diseases such as: nearsighted, tired, sleepless, ...
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Figure 16. Interview report 4
INTERVIEW REPORT
Interview notes approved by: _____Mai Van Thai_______
Person interviewed: ______Nguyen Truong Giang_________
Interviewer: ________Mai Van Thai_______
Date: _______________19/01/2021________________
Primary Purpose: Research on the negative impact of digital
technology to human health
Summary of Interview:
- People are too dependent on digital technology.
- Using technology devices such as phones and computers
continuously for 5 hours can cause headaches.
Figure 17. Interview report 5
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2. Quantitative research
2.1. Definition
Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to
find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to
wider populations.
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Figure 19. Quantitative research - Question 2
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Figure 21. Quantitative research - Question 4
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Figure 23. Quantitative research - Question 6
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Figure 26. Quantitative research - Question 9
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Figure 28. Quantitative research - Question 12
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Figure 31. Quantitative research - Question 14
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V. Secondary research
1. Definition
Secondary research or desk research is a research method that involves using already existing data.
Existing data is summarized and collated to increase the overall effectiveness of research.
Secondary research includes research material published in research reports and similar
documents. These documents can be made available by public libraries, websites, data obtained
from already filled in surveys etc. Some government and non-government agencies also store data,
that can be used for research purposes and can be retrieved from them.
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VI. Project milestones
1. Definition
A milestone is a significant, marked progress point that appears along a project timeline. Generally
milestones signify an important change or step in the development of a project. Milestones divide
timelines into stages and are commonly found in project management software such as Xero’s
WorkflowMax.
The project milestones have been applied and shown in figure 8 in section III.4.3
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VII. Accuracy and reliability of research methods
1. Definition
1.1. Accuracy
Accuracy refers to the degree to which a study accurately reflects or assesses the specific
concept that the researcher is attempting to measure. While reliability is concerned with the
accuracy of the actual measuring instrument or procedure, accuracy is concerned with the
study's success at measuring what the researchers set out to measure.
1.2. Reliability
Reliability is the extent to which an experiment, test, or any measuring procedure yields the
same result on repeated trials. Without the agreement of independent observers able to
replicate research procedures, or the ability to use research tools and procedures that yield
consistent measurements, researchers would be unable to satisfactorily draw conclusions,
formulate theories, or make claims about the generalizability of their research. In addition to its
important role in research, reliability is critical for many parts of our lives, including
manufacturing, medicine, and sports.
Types of reliability:
• Equivalency Reliability
• Stability Reliability
• Internal Consistency
• Interrater Reliability
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2. Evaluate the accuracy and reliability of different research methods applied.
➢ Primary research:
• Qualitative research:
+ The accuracy and reliability of the qualitative research method is lower than that of
the quantitative research method because qualitative research has a personal, subjective
point of view, brings individual feelings and opinions, maybe it's based on their
experiences, their behavior, their realities in life, maybe it's true in their case but it's
wrong in the case of so many others.
+ Due to the researcher’s primary role in analyzing and interpreting data, qualitative
research cannot be replicated. The researcher decides what is important and what is
irrelevant in data analysis, so interpretations of the same data can vary greatly.
+ Small samples are often used to gather detailed data about specific contexts. Despite
rigorous analysis procedures, it is difficult to draw generalizable conclusions because
the data may be biased and unrepresentative of the wider population.
+ In addition, the accuracy and reliability of this method is low because the data
collected from this method is difficult to statistically and create a specific analysis table.
• Quantitative research:
+ The accuracy and reliability of the quantitative research method is very high because
it collects data from a variety of opinion sources, which are majority-based, quantifiable
and statistically possible, and analyze based on collected data. Based on this method, one
can synthesize data to give an accurate overview, not the feelings or opinions of some
individuals.
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+ Repeating the study is possible because of standardized data collection protocols and
tangible definitions of abstract concepts.
+ The study can be reproduced in other cultural settings, times or with different groups
of participants. Results can be compared statistically.
+ Data from large samples can be processed and analyzed using reliable and consistent
procedures through quantitative data analysis.
+ Using formalized and established hypothesis testing procedures means that you have
to carefully consider and report your research variables, predictions, data collection and
testing methods before coming to a conclusion.
➢ Secondary research:
+Secondary research is relatively less reliable and accurate than primary research because
secondary data sources are not regulated and may have personal bias. In addition, the
secondary study has poor reliability and accuracy because it is outdated, irrelevant and out
of value at the time of research.
+Example: A company hires journalists to write good reviews about their business.
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VIII. Conclusion
In this report, I have been working on a project that investigates the negative effects of digital
technology on human health. First, I set up the goals and objectives of the project. After that, I came
up with a project management plan that included aspects of cost, scope, timing, quality,
communication, risk and resources, ... and created the work analysis structure and the Gantt Chart
to provide a timeframe and stages to completion. Finally, I conducted small-scale research using
appropriate qualitative, quantitative research methods, information gathering and data collection
to create project support knowledge and have evaluated the accuracy and reliability of the different
research methods applied.
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IX. References
1. Base, K. and research, A., 2021. What Is Qualitative Research? | Methods & Examples. [online] Scribbr.
Available at: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-research/
[Accessed January 2021].
2. Base, K. and research, A., 2021. What Is Quantitative Research? | Definition, Uses And Methods.
[online] Scribbr.
Available at: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quantitative-research/
[Accessed January 2021].
5. Resources, W., Guides, W. and Validity, R., 2021. Reliability And Validity - The WAC Clearinghouse.
[online] Wac.colostate.edu.
Available at: https://wac.colostate.edu/resources/writing/guides/reliability-validity/
[Accessed January 2021].
6. Comp Sci Station. 2021. Types Of Resources In Project Management - Comp Sci Station. [online]
Available at: https://compscistation.com/types-of-resources-in-project-management/
[Accessed January 2021].
7. Apm.org.uk. 2021. What Is A Gantt Chart? | Definition & Examples | APM. [online]
Available at: https://www.apm.org.uk/resources/find-a-resource/gantt-chart/
[Accessed January 2021].
9. Eade, D., 2021. What Is A Project Milestone And Why Are They Important?. [online]
Workflowmax.com.
Available at: https://www.workflowmax.com/blog/general-project-milestone
[Accessed 25 January 2021].
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