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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 06: Managing a Successful Computing Project

Submission date Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Mai Van Thai Student ID BHAF190193

Class BHAF-2005-2.2 Assessor name Ngo Thi Mai Loan

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature

Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D1

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 Summative Feedback:  Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:


IV Signature:

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Table of Contents
I. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................6
II. Project initialization ........................................................................................................................................................7
III. Planning ..............................................................................................................................................................................9
1. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) .......................................................................................................................9
1.1. Definition .................................................................................................................................................................9
1.2. Purpose.................................................................................................................................................................. 10
1.3. WBS for project .................................................................................................................................................. 11
1.4. WBS dictionary ................................................................................................................................................... 12
2. Estimated time............................................................................................................................................................ 13
2.1. Purpose of estimate time ................................................................................................................................ 13
2.2. Estimated time for the project...................................................................................................................... 13
3. Risk management ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.1. Definition .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
3.2. Purpose.................................................................................................................................................................. 14
3.3. Risk management for the project ................................................................................................................ 15
4. Scheduling .................................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1. The purpose of scheduling ............................................................................................................................. 16
4.2. Definition of Gantt ............................................................................................................................................. 16
4.3. Gantt for the project ......................................................................................................................................... 17
5. Resources ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18
5.1. Types of resources ............................................................................................................................................ 18
5.2. Resource sheet for project ............................................................................................................................. 18
6. Cost calculation .......................................................................................................................................................... 18
IV. Primary research .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
1. Qualitative research ................................................................................................................................................. 20
1.1. Definition .............................................................................................................................................................. 20
1.2. Qualitative methods ......................................................................................................................................... 20
1.3. Qualitative research in the project ............................................................................................................. 20
2. Quantitative research .............................................................................................................................................. 26
2.1. Definition .............................................................................................................................................................. 26
2.2. Quantitative methods ...................................................................................................................................... 26
2.3. Quantitative research in the project .......................................................................................................... 26

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V. Secondary research ...................................................................................................................................................... 33
1. Definition ...................................................................................................................................................................... 33
2. References in the project ........................................................................................................................................ 33
VI. Project milestones ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
1. Definition ...................................................................................................................................................................... 34
2. Apply project milestones in the project ............................................................................................................ 34
VII. Accuracy and reliability of research methods ................................................................................................. 35
1. Definition ...................................................................................................................................................................... 35
1.1. Accuracy ................................................................................................................................................................ 35
1.2. Reliability.............................................................................................................................................................. 35
2. Evaluate the accuracy and reliability of different research methods applied. .................................. 36
VIII. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................... 38
IX. References ....................................................................................................................................................................... 39

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List Of Figures:
Figure 1. Work Breakdown Structure ...........................................................................................................................9
Figure 2. WBS for project ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 3. Estimated time for the project .................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 4. Risk management ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Figure 5. Risk management for the project .............................................................................................................. 15
Figure 6. Risk management for the project .............................................................................................................. 15
Figure 7. Definition of Gantt ........................................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 8. Gantt for the project ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 9. Resource sheet for project ........................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 10. Total cost in gantt ......................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 11. Resource unit price ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 12. Source of project cost .................................................................................................................................. 19
Figure 13. Interview report 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 23
Figure 14. Interview report 2 ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Figure 15. Interview report 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Figure 16. Interview report 4 ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 17. Interview report 5 ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 18. Quantitative research - Question 1 ........................................................................................................ 26
Figure 19. Quantitative research - Question 2 ........................................................................................................ 27
Figure 20. Quantitative research - Question 3 ........................................................................................................ 27
Figure 21. Quantitative research - Question 4 ........................................................................................................ 28
Figure 22. Quantitative research - Question 5 ........................................................................................................ 28
Figure 23. Quantitative research - Question 6 ........................................................................................................ 29
Figure 24. Quantitative research - Question 7 ........................................................................................................ 29
Figure 25. Quantitative research - Question 8 ....................................................................................................... 29
Figure 26. Quantitative research - Question 9 ........................................................................................................ 30
Figure 27. Quantitative research - Question 10 ...................................................................................................... 30
Figure 28. Quantitative research - Question 12 ...................................................................................................... 31
Figure 29. Quantitative research - Question 12 ...................................................................................................... 31
Figure 30. Quantitative research - Question 13 ...................................................................................................... 31
Figure 31. Quantitative research - Question 14 ...................................................................................................... 32

List Of Tables:
Table 1. Project initialization ............................................................................................................................................7
Table 2. WBS dictionary ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Table 3. Choose people to be interviewed ................................................................................................................ 20
Table 4. Design interview questions ........................................................................................................................... 21

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I. Introduction

Digital Wellbeing is about crafting and maintaining a healthy relationship with technology. It’s about
how technology serves us and moves us towards our goals, rather than distracting us, interrupting us
or getting in the way. Being in control of technology enables us to use its full potential and gain all the
benefits of it.

As a member of Research and Development, I was given a small project to find out if digital
technology improves life and explore the effectiveness of products. and features specifically designed
to improve health and well-being.

My topic is: "Research on the negative effects of digital technology to human health".

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II. Project initialization
Table 1. Project initialization

Project Member: Project Sponsor:


Project Name:
Pham Van Hung Ngo Thi Mai Loan
Research on the negative effects of
Le Thai Bao
digital technology on human health
Mai Van Thai
Project Start Date: Project End Date:
4/1/2021 27/2/2021

PROJECT GOALS

Research on the negative effects of digital technology on human health

PROJECT OJECTIVES

Survey students' opinions about the negative effects of digital devices such as backache, myopia,
headache.

SCOPE DEFINITION

Target: students of Btec FPT International College


Area: Hanoi
Level: Important
FINANCIALS

Cost: 250 million VND

PROJECT MILESTONES

Milestones Target Completion Date

Planning 06/01/2021

Primary Researching 30/01/2021

Secondary Researching. 06/02/2021

Presentation. 24/02/2021

Report 27/01/2021

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RISK

Lack of experience
Broken computer
Not enough cost
PROJECT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Team members Role

Mai Van Thai Project Manager

Le Thai Bao Project Member

Pham Van Hung Project Member

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III. Planning

1. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Figure 1. Work Breakdown Structure

1.1. Definition

Work breakdown structure is a type of project management that offers a visual way to detail
the deliverables within a project. It does so by presenting key milestones within a hierarchy
that simplifies large projects into smaller, more manageable groups.

WBS is divided into four main categories:


• Work breakdown structure by product
• Work breakdown structure in sequence
• Work breakdown structure under the responsibility
• Work breakdown structure in phases

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1.2. Purpose

Some purposes of WBS:

• Improved planning: Large, complex projects can be difficult to wrap your head around,
let alone plan from start to finish. Using work breakdown structure helps improve
planning by making it easy to visualize the scope of the project and break it down into
more manageable milestones.

• Smarter budget and resource allocation: By improving project planning, work


breakdown structure allows for smarter budget and resource allocation. Specifically, it
ensures that all budget and time requirements get accounted for at the very beginning of
a project. Additionally, the mutually exclusive rule guarantees that no duplicate work
will take place, which eliminates wasted budget and time.

• Simplified risk identification: The visual nature of work breakdown structure makes it
easier to identify areas of risk so that you can get ahead of problems and remedy them
faster.

• Improved accountability: The clear work assignments, timelines, and budgets identified
by work breakdown structure improve accountability among team members. That’s
because everyone involved should have a clear understanding of what they are
responsible for and the time they have to complete that work.

• Enhanced visibility: Finally, work breakdown structure provides a high level of visibility
into every project. This visibility makes it easy to communicate expectations to
stakeholders and team members and track progress throughout the project.

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1.3. WBS for project

Figure 2. WBS for project


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1.4. WBS dictionary
Table 2. WBS dictionary

WBS WBS Name WBS Description


level
1 Initiating project Define the aims and objectives and create project charter for the
project
2 Determine aims Define the aims of the project
2 Determine objectives Define the objectives of the project
2 Create project charter Create ABC for the project, including: GOALS, OBJECTIVES, SCOPE,
MILESTONES, RISK.
1 Planning project Create detailed plans for the project, including: Create WBS,
Estimate time, Control risk, Create schedule, Allocate resource,
Calculate cost
2 Create WBS Create WBS, WBS Dictionary for the project
2 Estimate time Calculate detailed timing for each small job in the project
2 Control risk Identify risks in each job, assess risks and propose time treatment
methods
2 Create schedule Create a project schedule
2 Allocate resource Create a specific schedule that includes: job name, start date, end
date, binding, who does the job, milestones
2 Calculate cost Calculate the detailed cost for each job and calculate the total cost
for the project
1 Excuting project Project implementation includes: Primary research and secondary
research
2 Primary research Gather qualitative and quantitative data
3 Collect qualitative Conducting qualitative data collection including: designing
data questions, conducting interviews and creating reports
4 Design questions Design questions for interviews
4 Conduct interviews Proceed to find the interviewer and interviewer
4 Make a report Generate reports to report the results of interviews
3 Collect quantitative Conducting quantitative data collection including: designing
data questions, conducting interviews and creating reports
4 Create survey Generate reports to report the results of interviews
4 Conduct survey Create online survey form
4 Analyse data Analyze the data collected through the survey
2 Secondary research Conduct a search and analyze the documents you found
3 Find documents Search secondary documents for the project
3 Analyse documents Analyze the document found
1 Closing project End of project, including presentation and reporting of project
results after implementation
2 Presentation Conduct side preparation and presentation
2 Create report Create reports for the project

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2. Estimated time

2.1. Purpose of estimate time

Accurate time estimation is an important skill in project management. Timing is the basis for
evaluating the progress of a project, without it you won't know how long your project will take
to complete.

To be able to successfully manage a project, you need to be able to reasonably estimate time
and be able to achieve

2.2. Estimated time for the project

Figure 3. Estimated time for the project

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3. Risk management

Figure 4. Risk management

3.1. Definition

Risk management is the process of making and carrying out decisions that will minimize the
adverse effects of risk on an organization. The adverse effects of risk can be objective or
quantifiable like insurance premiums and claims costs, or subjective and difficult to quantify
such as damage to reputation or decreased productivity. By focusing attention on risk and
committing the necessary resources to control and mitigate risk, a business will protect itself
from uncertainty, reduce costs, and increase the likelihood of business continuity and success.

3.2. Purpose
Some purposes of risk management:
• Saving resources: people, income, property, assets, time
• Protecting public image
• Protecting people from harm
• Preventing/reducing legal liability
• Protecting the environment

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3.3. Risk management for the project
• Risk management

Figure 5. Risk management for the project

• Risk list

Figure 6. Risk management for the project

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4. Scheduling

4.1. The purpose of scheduling


The scheduling part of the operating system has the following duties
• Process as many jobs as possible
• Make maximum use of CPU time
• Be responsive to the user so they are unaware of a delay to their process
• Make maximum use of resources such as input-output devices
• Be fair to all jobs - none left stranded for too long
• Be able to prioritise jobs
• Be able to alter priorities according to some rules built into the scheduler
• Avoid 'deadlock'

4.2. Definition of Gantt


A Gantt chart is a project management tool assisting in the planning and scheduling of projects
of all sizes, although they are particularly useful for simplifying complex projects. Project
management timelines and tasks are converted into a horizontal bar chart, showing start and
end dates, as well as dependencies, scheduling and deadlines, including how much of the task is
completed per stage and who is the task owner.

Figure 7. Definition of Gantt

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4.3. Gantt for the project
ID Task Task Name Duration Start Finish 03 Jan '21 10 Jan '21 17 Jan '21 24 Jan '21 31 Jan '21 07 Feb '21 14 Feb '21 21 Feb '21 28 Feb '21 07 Mar '21 14 Mar '21 21 Mar '21
Mode S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S
1 1. Initiating project 3 days Mon 04/01/21 Wed 06/01/21
2 1.1. Determine project aim 1 day Mon 04/01/21 Mon 04/01/21 Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung,Le Thai Bao
3 1.2. Determine project objectives 1 day Tue 05/01/21 Tue 05/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
4 1.3. Determine project scope 1 day Wed 06/01/21 Wed 06/01/21 Expert
5 1.4. Complete Initiating 0 days Wed 06/01/21 Wed 06/01/21 06/01
6 2. Planning project 8 days Thu 07/01/21 Fri 15/01/21
7 2.1. Create WBS 2 days Thu 07/01/21 Fri 08/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
8 2.2. Estimate time 1 day Mon 11/01/21 Mon 11/01/21 Expert
9 2.3. Mananing risk 3 days Sat 09/01/21 Tue 12/01/21 Mai Van Thai
10 2.4. Create schedule 2 days Tue 12/01/21 Wed 13/01/21 Le Thai Bao
11 2.5. Allocate resource 2 days Tue 12/01/21 Wed 13/01/21 Pham Van Hung
12 2.6. Estimate cost 2 days Thu 14/01/21 Fri 15/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
13 2.7. Complete Planning 0 days Fri 15/01/21 Fri 15/01/21 15/01
14 3. Excuting project 19 days Sat 16/01/21 Sat 06/02/21
15 3.1. Primary research 13 days Sat 16/01/21 Sat 30/01/21
16 3.1.1. Collect qualitative data 13 days Sat 16/01/21 Sat 30/01/21
17 3.1.1.1. Design questions 1 day Sat 16/01/21 Sat 16/01/21 Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
18 3.1.1.2. Conduct interviews 8 days Mon 18/01/21 Tue 26/01/21 Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
19 3.1.1.3. Make a report 4 days Wed 27/01/21 Sat 30/01/21 Mai Van Thai,Computer[1],Pham Van Hung
20 3.1.2. Collect quantitative data 11 days Sat 16/01/21 Thu 28/01/21
21 3.1.2.1. Create survey 2 days Sat 16/01/21 Mon 18/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Computer[1]
22 3.1.2.2. Conduct survey 6 days Mon 18/01/21 Mon 25/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Computer[0]
23 3.1.2.3. Analyse data 3 days Mon 25/01/21 Thu 28/01/21 Le Thai Bao,Computer[0]
24 3.2. Secondary research 6 days Mon 01/02/21 Sat 06/02/21
25 3.2.1. Find documents 2 days Mon 01/02/21 Tue 02/02/21 Mai Van Thai,Le Thai Bao,Pham Van Hung,Computer[1]
26 3.2.2. Analyse documents 4 days Tue 02/02/21 Sat 06/02/21 Pham Van Hung,Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Computer[0]
27 3.3. Complete Excuting project 0 days Sat 06/02/21 Sat 06/02/21 06/02
28 4. Closing project 6 days Sat 06/02/21 Sat 27/02/21
29 4.1. Presentation 3 days Sat 06/02/21 Wed 24/02/21 Computer[0],Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung,Projector[1]
30 4.2. Create report 3 days Wed 24/02/21 Sat 27/02/21 Computer[0],Le Thai Bao,Mai Van Thai,Pham Van Hung
31 4.3. Complete closing project 0 days Sat 27/02/21 Sat 27/02/21 27/02

Figure 8. Gantt for the project

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5. Resources

5.1. Types of resources


• Services
• Labor
• Equipment
• Materials
• Space
• Time

5.2. Resource sheet for project

Figure 9. Resource sheet for project

6. Cost calculation
• Total cost in gantt (Excluding other costs)

Figure 10. Total cost in gantt

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• Resource unit price

Figure 11. Resource unit price

• Source of project cost

Figure 12. Source of project cost

According to the statistics above, the total cost needed to implement the project is 250 million VND.

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IV. Primary research

1. Qualitative research

1.1. Definition
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or
audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth
insights into a problem or generate new ideas for research.

1.2. Qualitative methods


• Interviews
• Group interviews
• Observations

1.3. Qualitative research in the project

Step 1: Choose people to be interviewed


Table 3. Choose people to be interviewed

Full Name Role Interview Purposes Date Time


Nguyen Manh Cuong Student Interview questions about the negative 18/01/2021
effects of digital technology on human
health
Le Viet Duc Student Interview questions about the negative 18/01/2021
effects of digital technology on human
health
Hoang Thu Trang Student Interview questions about the negative 19/01/2021
effects of digital technology on human
health
Nguyen Dinh Quang Student Interview questions about the negative 19/01/2021
effects of digital technology on human
health
Nguyen Truong Giang Student Interview questions about the negative 19/01/2021
effects of digital technology on human
health

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Step 2: Design interview questions

Table 4. Design interview questions

Types of Questions

Closed-Ended Questions Do you regularly use the devices digital technology it?
Is digital technology important to human life?
Does digital technology negatively affect human health?
Are people becoming too dependent on digital technology?
Do you often have backaches when using your phone or computer for more
than 5 hours continuously?
Do you often have headaches when using your phone or computer for more
than 5 hours continuously?
Are you nearsighted?
Open-Ended Questions What types of digital technology equipment do you normally use?
How much time do you spend a day using digital technology devices?
The benefits of digital technology or harm them larger?
What diseases can the use of digital technology cause?
How can people be less dependent on digital technology?

Probing Questions Why do you use digital technology so much?


Why do you think digital technology negatively affects human health?
Why is digital technology important to human life?

Step 3: Conduct interview

a/Nguyen Manh Cuong:


Question: Do you regularly use the devices digital technology it?
Answer: Yes, I do.
Question: What types of digital technology equipment do you normally use?
Answer: I use phone, laptop, television, ...
Question: In your opinion, the benefits of digital technology or harm them larger?
Answer: I think equally.
Question: Do you often have backaches when using your phone or computer for more than 5
hours continuously?
Answer: Yes, I do.

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b / Le Viet Duc:
Question: Is digital technology important to human life?
Answer: Yes, it is.
Question: How much time do you spend a day using digital technology devices?
Question: What types of digital technology equipment do you normally use?
Answer: Smart phone and TV.
Answer: About 12 hours.
Question: Are you nearsighted?
Answer: Yes, I do.

c/Hoang Thu Trang:


Question: How much time do you spend a day using digital technology devices?
Answer: About 10 hours.
Question: Why do you use digital technology so much?
Answer: Because of my work, my studies needed them.
Question: In your opinion, does digital technology negatively affect human health?
Answer: Yes, it does.
Question: In your opinion, what diseases can the use of digital technology cause?
Answer: I think nearsighted, tired, sleepless,…

e/ Nguyen Dinh Quang:


Question: In your opinion, does digital technology negatively affect human health?
Answer: Yes, it is.
Question: Why do you think digital technology negatively affects human health?
Answer: Because, digital technology makes us more lazy and weaker
Question: So, what diseases can the use of digital technology cause?
Answer: Overweight, nearsightedness, headache ...

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d/ Nguyen Truong Giang:
Question: How often do you use digital technology equipment?
Answer: Yes, regularly
Question: In your opinion, are people becoming too dependent on digital technology?
Answer: Yes, we are, but not all.
Question: So, how can people be less dependent on digital technology?
Answer: We need to reduce the time we use them.
Question: Do you often have headaches when using your phone or computer for more than 5
hours continuously?
Answer: Yes, I do.

Step 4: Create interview report

INTERVIEW REPORT
Interview notes approved by: _____Mai Van Thai_______
Person interviewed: ______Nguyen Manh Cuong_________
Interviewer: ________Mai Van Thai_______
Date: _______________18/01/2021________________
Primary Purpose: Research on the negative impact of digital
technology to human health
Summary of Interview:
- Using digital devices such as telephones and
computers continuously for 5 hours can lead to back
pain. Figure 13. Interview report 1

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INTERVIEW REPORT
Interview notes approved by: _____Mai Van Thai_______
Person interviewed: ______Le Viet Duc_________
Interviewer: ________Mai Van Thai_______
Date: _______________18/01/2021________________
Primary Purpose: Research on the negative impact of digital
technology to human health
Summary of Interview:
- Using too much technology every day can lead to
nearsightedness.
Figure 14. Interview report 2

INTERVIEW REPORT
Interview notes approved by: _____Mai Van Thai_______
Person interviewed: ______Hoang Thu Trang_________
Interviewer: ________Mai Van Thai_______
Date: _______________19/01/2021________________
Primary Purpose: Research on the negative impact of
digital technology to human health
Summary of Interview:
- Using too much digital technology equipment leads
to diseases such as: nearsighted, tired, sleepless, ...

Figure 15. Interview report 3

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Figure 16. Interview report 4

INTERVIEW REPORT
Interview notes approved by: _____Mai Van Thai_______
Person interviewed: ______Nguyen Truong Giang_________
Interviewer: ________Mai Van Thai_______
Date: _______________19/01/2021________________
Primary Purpose: Research on the negative impact of digital
technology to human health
Summary of Interview:
- People are too dependent on digital technology.
- Using technology devices such as phones and computers
continuously for 5 hours can cause headaches.
Figure 17. Interview report 5

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2. Quantitative research

2.1. Definition
Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to
find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to
wider populations.

2.2. Quantitative methods


• Investigate
• Survey

2.3. Quantitative research in the project


In the exercise I use google form survey technique.
Link: https://forms.gle/yQDDwzz3cv5KiPxp9
List of questions:

Figure 18. Quantitative research - Question 1

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Figure 19. Quantitative research - Question 2

Figure 20. Quantitative research - Question 3

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Figure 21. Quantitative research - Question 4

Figure 22. Quantitative research - Question 5

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Figure 23. Quantitative research - Question 6

Figure 24. Quantitative research - Question 7

Figure 25. Quantitative research - Question 8

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Figure 26. Quantitative research - Question 9

Figure 27. Quantitative research - Question 10

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Figure 28. Quantitative research - Question 12

Figure 29. Quantitative research - Question 12

Figure 30. Quantitative research - Question 13

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Figure 31. Quantitative research - Question 14

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V. Secondary research

1. Definition
Secondary research or desk research is a research method that involves using already existing data.
Existing data is summarized and collated to increase the overall effectiveness of research.

Secondary research includes research material published in research reports and similar
documents. These documents can be made available by public libraries, websites, data obtained
from already filled in surveys etc. Some government and non-government agencies also store data,
that can be used for research purposes and can be retrieved from them.

Popular secondary research methods:


• Data available on the internet
• Government and nongovernment agencies
• Public libraries
• Educational Institutions
• Commercial information sources

2. References in the project


• Brain health consequences of digital technology use
Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7366948/
• How does technology use affect men's and women's health?
Available at: https://www.nwpc.com/how-does-technology-use-affect-mens-womens-health/
• The 19 Negative Effects of Technology in 2019
Available at: https://www.digitaldetox.com/blog/the-19-negative-effects-of-technology-in-
2019
• Digital technology can be harmful to your health
Available at: https://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/digital-technolgy-can-harm-your-health
• Health and Technology — Digital Responsibility
Available at: http://www.digitalresponsibility.org/health-and-technology

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VI. Project milestones

1. Definition

A milestone is a significant, marked progress point that appears along a project timeline. Generally
milestones signify an important change or step in the development of a project. Milestones divide
timelines into stages and are commonly found in project management software such as Xero’s
WorkflowMax.

2. Apply project milestones in the project

The project milestones have been applied and shown in figure 8 in section III.4.3

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VII. Accuracy and reliability of research methods

1. Definition

1.1. Accuracy

Accuracy refers to the degree to which a study accurately reflects or assesses the specific
concept that the researcher is attempting to measure. While reliability is concerned with the
accuracy of the actual measuring instrument or procedure, accuracy is concerned with the
study's success at measuring what the researchers set out to measure.

1.2. Reliability

Reliability is the extent to which an experiment, test, or any measuring procedure yields the
same result on repeated trials. Without the agreement of independent observers able to
replicate research procedures, or the ability to use research tools and procedures that yield
consistent measurements, researchers would be unable to satisfactorily draw conclusions,
formulate theories, or make claims about the generalizability of their research. In addition to its
important role in research, reliability is critical for many parts of our lives, including
manufacturing, medicine, and sports.

Types of reliability:
• Equivalency Reliability
• Stability Reliability
• Internal Consistency
• Interrater Reliability

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2. Evaluate the accuracy and reliability of different research methods applied.

➢ Primary research:

• Qualitative research:

+ The accuracy and reliability of the qualitative research method is lower than that of
the quantitative research method because qualitative research has a personal, subjective
point of view, brings individual feelings and opinions, maybe it's based on their
experiences, their behavior, their realities in life, maybe it's true in their case but it's
wrong in the case of so many others.

+ The real-world setting often makes qualitative research unreliable because of


uncontrolled factors that affect the data.

+ Due to the researcher’s primary role in analyzing and interpreting data, qualitative
research cannot be replicated. The researcher decides what is important and what is
irrelevant in data analysis, so interpretations of the same data can vary greatly.

+ Small samples are often used to gather detailed data about specific contexts. Despite
rigorous analysis procedures, it is difficult to draw generalizable conclusions because
the data may be biased and unrepresentative of the wider population.

+ In addition, the accuracy and reliability of this method is low because the data
collected from this method is difficult to statistically and create a specific analysis table.

• Quantitative research:

+ The accuracy and reliability of the quantitative research method is very high because
it collects data from a variety of opinion sources, which are majority-based, quantifiable
and statistically possible, and analyze based on collected data. Based on this method, one
can synthesize data to give an accurate overview, not the feelings or opinions of some
individuals.

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+ Repeating the study is possible because of standardized data collection protocols and
tangible definitions of abstract concepts.

+ The study can be reproduced in other cultural settings, times or with different groups
of participants. Results can be compared statistically.

+ Data from large samples can be processed and analyzed using reliable and consistent
procedures through quantitative data analysis.

+ Using formalized and established hypothesis testing procedures means that you have
to carefully consider and report your research variables, predictions, data collection and
testing methods before coming to a conclusion.

➢ Secondary research:

+Secondary research is relatively less reliable and accurate than primary research because
secondary data sources are not regulated and may have personal bias. In addition, the
secondary study has poor reliability and accuracy because it is outdated, irrelevant and out
of value at the time of research.

+Example: A company hires journalists to write good reviews about their business.

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VIII. Conclusion

In this report, I have been working on a project that investigates the negative effects of digital
technology on human health. First, I set up the goals and objectives of the project. After that, I came
up with a project management plan that included aspects of cost, scope, timing, quality,
communication, risk and resources, ... and created the work analysis structure and the Gantt Chart
to provide a timeframe and stages to completion. Finally, I conducted small-scale research using
appropriate qualitative, quantitative research methods, information gathering and data collection
to create project support knowledge and have evaluated the accuracy and reliability of the different
research methods applied.

Page | 38
IX. References

1. Base, K. and research, A., 2021. What Is Qualitative Research? | Methods & Examples. [online] Scribbr.
Available at: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-research/
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2. Base, K. and research, A., 2021. What Is Quantitative Research? | Definition, Uses And Methods.
[online] Scribbr.
Available at: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quantitative-research/
[Accessed January 2021].

3. Teach-ict.com. 2021. Computer Science Learning For School Students. [online]


Available at: https://www.teach-
ict.com/as_as_computing/ocr/H447/F453/3_3_1/scheduling/miniweb/pg5.htm
[Accessed January 2021].

4. Inc., C., 2021. What Is Risk Management? | Clearrisk™. [online] Clearrisk.com.


Available at: https://www.clearrisk.com/what-is-risk-management
[Accessed January 2021].

5. Resources, W., Guides, W. and Validity, R., 2021. Reliability And Validity - The WAC Clearinghouse.
[online] Wac.colostate.edu.
Available at: https://wac.colostate.edu/resources/writing/guides/reliability-validity/
[Accessed January 2021].

6. Comp Sci Station. 2021. Types Of Resources In Project Management - Comp Sci Station. [online]
Available at: https://compscistation.com/types-of-resources-in-project-management/
[Accessed January 2021].

7. Apm.org.uk. 2021. What Is A Gantt Chart? | Definition & Examples | APM. [online]
Available at: https://www.apm.org.uk/resources/find-a-resource/gantt-chart/
[Accessed January 2021].

8. QuestionPro. 2021. Secondary Research- Definition, Methods And Examples. | Questionpro.


[online]
Available at: https://www.questionpro.com/blog/secondary-research/
[Accessed January 2021].

9. Eade, D., 2021. What Is A Project Milestone And Why Are They Important?. [online]
Workflowmax.com.
Available at: https://www.workflowmax.com/blog/general-project-milestone
[Accessed 25 January 2021].

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