IV THERAPY TYPES OF INTRAVENOUS LINES

COURSE OUTLINE
PERIPHERAL IV LINES
I. INTRODUCTION OF IV THERAPY
II. INTRAVENOUS ACCESS DEVICES  Short catheter inserted through the skin into a
III. TYPES OF INTRAVENOUS LINES peripheral vein
IV. ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION  Arm, hand, leg, foot veins
V. COMMON IV PLACEMENT SITES
 “hub” outside
VI. IV SITES FOR CHILDREN
VII. INFUSION EQUIPMENT CENTRAL IV LINES
VIII. DIFFERENT IV SETS
IX. MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS  Superior and inferior vena cava
X. IV FLOW RATE CALCULATIONS
 Right atrium of the heart
 Advantage: it can deliver medications that is irritating
to the peripheral vein and there will be a quick
INTRAVENOUS THERAPY is the administration of liquid distribution to the system.
substances directly into a vein. It can be intermittent or
PERIPHERALLY INSERTED CENTRAL CATHETER (PICC)
continuous. The word intravenous simply means “within a
vein”.  Peripheral vein to the vena cava
 Done by feel and estimation
Compared with other routes of administration, the IV route is
 X-ray verifies if it is in the right place.
the fastest way to deliver fluids and medications throughout
 Advantage: easy to insert, low risk of bleeding,
the system. Some medications, as well as blood transfusion and
externally obtrusive, can be left in months or in years
lethal injections, can only be given intravenously.
 Disadvantage: vulnerable to occlusion from
Liquid substances that can go to the vein: movement squeezing the arm.

a) Medications CENTRAL VENOUS LINES

b) IV fluid
 Subclavian, internal jugular, femoral vein to superior
c) Nutrition
and inferior vena cava or right atrium
 Can deliver large volume of fluid and can have
USES OF IV THERAPY
multiple lumens.
(1) To maintain hydration or correct dehydration
(2) Parenteral nutrition
(3) Administration of drugs
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
(4) Blood transfusion

ROUTE EFFECT
INTRAVENOUS ACCESS DEVICES
IV 30s - 60s
Intraosseous 30s - 60s
 Needle and syringe
Endotracheal 2mins - 3mins
- “Vein” Inhalation 2mins - 3mins
- Sizes: 1,3,5,10,20,30,50 Sublingual 3mins - 5mins
 IV catheter IM 10mins - 15mins
- “hub” Subcutaneous 15mins – 30mins
- #26 (violet) Rectal 5mins – 30mins
- #24 (yellow) Oral 30mins – 90mins
Transdermal Minutes to hours
- #22 (blue)
- #20 (pink)
- #18 (green)
COMMON IV PLACEMENT SITES
INFUSION EQUIPMENTS

(1) Infusion pump

(2) Syringe pump

DIFFERENT IV SETS
D5LR 5% dextrose in Lactated Pink
Ringer’s
D5 0.3NaCL 5% dextrose in 0.9 sodium Light blue
chloride
D5NM Balance Multiple Violet
Maintenance Solution in 5%
dextrose (Eurosol-M in D5
water)
D5IMB Balance Multiple Orange
Maintenance Solution in 5%
dextrose (Euro-ion in D5
water)
D5 0.9NaCl %% dextrose in 0.9 sodium Yellow
chloride
D5NR Balance Multiple Yellow
Replacement Solution in 5% green
Dextrose (Eurosol-R in D5
water)
 Cephalic vein D5W 5% dextrose in water Red
 Basilic vein NSS (Isotonic) Normal Saline Solution / 0.9 Green
 Accessory cephalic vein Sodium chloride
 Medial antebrachial vein LRS Lactated Ringer’s Solution Dark blue
 Dorsal metacarples D10W 5% dextrose in water Blue
green
 Venous arch
ISOTONIC. Isotonic IV solutions that have the same
IV SITES FOR CHILDREN concentration of solutes as blood plasma.

 Scalp vein HYPOTONIC. Hypotonic solutions have lesser concentration of

 External jugular vein
 Subclavian veins
 Forearm veins
 Dorsal hand
 Dorsal foot
solutes than plasma.
HYPERTONIC. Hypertonic solutions have greater
concentration of solutes than plasma.
 MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS

OD Once a day
BID Two times a day
TID Three times a day
QID Four times a day
PRN As needed
STAT Immediately
RTC Round the clock
HS Bedtime
NPO Nothing per orem
LSLF Low salt low fat
HAD Hypoallergenic diet
GL General liquid
CL Clear liquid
SD Soft diet
DAT Diet as tolerated
DFA Diet for age
BF Breastfeeding

IV FLOW RATE CALCULATION

MACRO: gtts

MICRO: uggts

MACROSET: 15gtts/mL

MICROSET: 60gtts/mL

COMPLICATIONS OF IV THERAPY

1) Phlebitis
2) Infiltration
3) Catheter dislodgement
4) Severed catheter
5) Hematoma
6) Venous spasm
7) Nerve tendon ligament damage
8) Circulatory overload
9) Systemic infection