11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Quarter 4 – Module 11: Social
Inequalities

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NegOr_Q4_UCSP11_Module11_v2
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 11: Social Inequalities
Second Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

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Editors: Joevan W. Alcala / Jane Consejo C. Pinuto
Reviewers: Gemma F. Depositario, Ed.D.
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Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D.
Carmelita A. Alcala, Ed.D.

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your
studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions
are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module,
you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for
each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

MELC:

Suggest ways to address social inequalities (local, National and Global)

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. To define and understand better what is Social Inequality;

2. Identify and enumerate the forms of Social Inequality; at
3. Show the value of some equality and fairness in order to address this issue.
This lesson discusses about social Inequalities which people commonly experience.
Social inequalities will be given with depth explanation for you to be able to picture out the
adverse outcome of this problem.
Since this module deals with social inequality, it is really important for us to learn the
different kinds of inequality, the factors which result to inequality and the ways on how to
address this issue.

What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.
1. This is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or
statuses with in a group or society.
a. Income Inequality b. Social Inequality
c. Pay Inequality d. Wealth Inequality

2. Is the extent to which income is distributed unevenly in a group of people

a. Income Inequality c. Social Inequality
b. Pay Inequality d. Wealth Inequality

3. This is measured using distribution of income and wealth

a. Economic Inequality c. Social Inequality
b. Pay Inequality d. Wealth Inequality

4. An unfair and avoidable differences in health across the population, and between different
groups within society.
a. Economic Inequality c. Social Inequality
b. .Health care Inequality d. Wealth Inequality

5. Acknowledges that men and women are not equal and that gender affects an
individual’s living experience.
a. Economic Inequality c. Social Inequality
b. .Health care Inequality d. Gender Inequality

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6 .Way to decrease inequality is for the government agencies, LGU and other private
agencies to____________.
a. give Financial support /aid c. decrease the taxes
b. Give food for the less fortunate d. increase security & social services

7. Ethnic inequalities and Persons with disabilities are examples of

a. Social exclusion c. gender inequality
b. Social Stratification d. none of these

8. Social Inequality becomes a problem because of it’s apparent effect on health and social
problem which is known as:
a. Status symbol b. stress c. status anxiety d. depression

9. Being Homeless is one of the negative outcome of social inequality.

a. True b. False c. partly true d. None of these

10. Promotive action is one of the strategies to reduce social inequality.

a. True b. False c. partly true d. None of these

What’s In

Task 1: Fill in the box with any information or description you know about any of
these Social inequality. Write your answer in your notebook.

Gender Inequality

Economic Inequality

Class Stratification

Health Inequality

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Task 2: Venn Diagram:

Direction: Write the similarities and differences of the different forms of Social Inequality.
Write your answers in your notebook.

Class Stratification Similarities Economic Inequality

Difference/s Difference/s

What’s New

1. How did you find the activity?

2. Did you find it difficult to describe each inequality? why?
3. On the second Task, did you find it difficult to differentiate the 2 kinds of inequality?
Why?
4. Is it important to know Social Inequality? Why?

What is It

Social Inequality is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different
social positions or statuses within a group or society. Two approaches exist to explain why
poverty exists. One explanation is to blame the poor; the other is to blame society. According
to Neckerrman and Torche, 2007, Social Inequality is one of the dimensions of stratification
that concerns the gap between the rich and the poor.

Social Inequality is visible in many other social institution affecting other social
aspects such as:

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1. Gender (e.g. Violence against women and children, Gender discrimination among
LGBTQI,)
2. Capital (e.g.Economic, symbolic and cultural)
3. Social exclusion (ethnic inequalities, Persons with disabilities)
4. Social Stratification (e.g.Income, position and resources)
5. Human Dignity, Rights and the Common Good (e.g. quality education, basic needs-food,
clean water and shelter)
6. Health Care –some individuals receive better and more professional care compared to
others.
Different Forms of Social Inequality:

Gender Inequality –acknowledges that men and women are not equal and that gender affects
an individual’s living experience. These differences arise from
distinctions in biology, psychology, and cultural norms.
Economic Inequality – generally refers to the disparity of wealth or income between different
groups or within a society. This is often characterized by Aphorism
“The rich become richer while the poor get poorer,” the phrase often
refers more specifically to the gap in income and asset between the
poorest and riches segments of an individual nation. (by:Nicolas
Birdsong)
Class Stratification – is a form of social stratification in which a society is separated into parties
whose member have different access to natural resources and power.
An economic, religious, interest and ideal rift usually exist between
different classes.
Health Inequality – are unfair and avoidable differences in health across the population and
between different groups within the society. Health inequality arise
because of the condition in which we are born, grow, live, work, economic
status, and age.

Factors that contribute to Social Inequality between Individuals and group of

People:
1. Educational Attainment
2. Wealth
3. Poverty
4. Occupation
5. Power
Social Inequality becomes a problem because of its apparent effect on health
and social problem is “status anxiety.” This suggests that income inequality is harmful
because it places people in a hierarchy that increases the status competition and
causes stress, which leads to poor health and other negative outcomes.

Pros and Cons of Social Inequality

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 PROS CONS

Trickle down Effect Unfair -Inherited

Rewards hard work Unfair-Monopoly

Rewards risk and Homeless

investment

Creates incentives Can lead to poverty

9 Strategies to reduce Inequality:

1. Pro-poor fiscal policy – Income redistribution is achieved by fiscal policy mainly.
2. Better targeting of social programs – targeting helps to reduce income inequality and
inequalities related to education and health.
3. Participatory decision-making – this strategy focuses on increasing the voice of the poor.
4. Revision of Legislative frameworks that foster inequality. – this strategy can help to
identify discrimatory laws or laws that generates inequalities among people or regions.
5. Promotive action – Media campaigns and advocacy efforts, which identify this kind of
discrimination and promote the participation of these sectors.
6. Addressing regional inequality- Improving access to roads, communications and markets
can have a great impact on reducing poverty and opening opportunities for marginalized
groups.
7. Differentiated poverty reduction policies –Different policies are need to address each case
of poverty: a temporary employment program might work for transient poverty or
addressing poverty experienced by refugees.
8. Measuring other inequalities rather than just income inequality – An example of this kind
of inequalities can be seen in more tie spent on non-paid activities by women; higher
poverty levels of indigenous groups and etc.
9. Program Monitoring and Evaluation – Design performance and impact evaluation can
also increase public support for social programs by demonstrating they are effective.

What’s More
These are the group of people who are affected by social inequality,
namely; women, youth, older person, persons with disabilities, indigenous
peoples, and informal settlers.

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Task 4: You choose two (2) from among the groups of people affected by social
inequality. As a student what are the possible ways that you can do to help reduce or
as much as possible put an end on social inequality. Write 2 paragraphs in the box.

What I Have Learned

What have you learned in this module? Write your answer in your Activity Notebook.

I have learned that ________________ ________________ ______.

I have realized that ________________ _________________ _____.

I will apply _____________ _________________ _______________.

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 What I Can Do

Direction: To wrap up the discussion, can you give a particular example of social inequality that
exist in your community. Can you suggest ways and means to stop this problem? Write your
answers in the box. Do this in your notebook/paper.

Answer Key

10. a d 5.
9. a b 4.
8. c a 3.
7. a d 2.
6. d d 1.

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References

Alejandria-Gonzales, Maria Carinnes P. 2019. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics

(Second Edition). Manila: DIWA Learning Systems Incorporated.
Moffitt, Kimberly. 2021. What Is Social Inequality in Sociology? - Definition, Effects &
Causes. December 03. Accessed February 15, 2022.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-social-inequality-in-sociology-definition-
effects-causes.html.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net