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UNDERSTANDING, CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND

POLITICS

Quarter 1 - Week 3:
Identify the goals of Anthropology, Political
Science, and Sociology
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics-Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Identify the goals of Anthropology, Political, Science, and Sociology
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ramil P. Alngog
Editors: Lilifreda P. Almazan, Irene G. Ajoc
Reviewers: Lilifreda P. Almazan, Irene G. Ajoc
Illustrator: Ramil P. Alngog
Layout Evaluators: Celeste Faith R. Almanon, Jay S. Ayap
Management Team: Gregoria T. Su
Marvilyn C. Francia
Jay S. Ayap
Irene G. Ajoc
Lilifreda P. Almazan

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Caraga Region – Bislig City Division

Office Address: H. Basañez Blvd., Poblacion, Bislig City 8311

Telefax: (086) 853 – 7403 ext. 1000 - 1029
E-mail Address: bislig.city@deped.gov.ph
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Understanding
Culture Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Identify the goals of
Anthropology, Political Science,
and Sociology
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to SHS- Understanding Culture Society and Politics Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Definition and Goals of Anthropology, Sociology,
and Political Science.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contain helpful tips or strategies that

will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to SHS- Understanding Culture Society and Politics Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Definition and Goals of Anthropology, Sociology,
and Political Science.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
identify the subjects and goals of Anthropology, Political Science and Sociology. The
scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Identify the goals of Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology
(UCSP11 Quarter 1 Week 3/12SPU-Ib-5)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

- Identify the goals of Anthropology, Political Science and Sociology.
- Discuss the concept of power as an inspired value in a society.
- Recognize the value of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science in the 21st
century.

Numerous changes and transformations in the social, political, and cultural

aspects of individuals and societies all over the world are best understood using the
disciplines of anthropology, political science, and sociology as tools.

The lessons focus on the discussion of the concept of anthropology, political

science and sociology and its goals; and the discussion of the concept of power.
Understanding these concepts will help you develop your social, political,
anthropological and cultural competence that will guide you in interactions with
people, groups, and communities.

The activities laid out in the lesson will help you appreciate and value culture,
society and politics as well as appreciate the value of power. It will also help you
examine your own understanding of anthropology, sociology and politics and learn
more about other culture to overcome prejudices and discrimination.

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 What I Know

Throughout this module, you will be equipped with discussions substantial

for you to identify the goals of Anthropology, Political Science and Sociology and
discuss the concept of power as an inspired value in a society.

Before going to the first lesson, kindly answer these questions first so we will
know your advance knowledge of the subject.

ACTIVITY 1: Let’s warm up

Direction: Answer the following questions and write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which among the four elements of the state is most important?

A. government
B. people
C. sovereignty
D. territory

2. This is one of the social institutions that carry the will of the people, serve and
protect every member of the society.
A. church
B. family
C. government
D. school

3. The focus of the study is more on human beings, their behaviour and culture
both past and present, and even its ancestors.
A. Anthropology
B. Society
C. Sociology
D. Political Science

4. The term refers to the community or group of persons united as one with the
same and common aspirations.
A. groups
B. friends
C. society
D. peers

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5. This form of government is ruled by one.
A. Aristocracy
B. Monarchy
C. Tyranny
D. Democracy

6. Freedom from external control is the area of concern of the elements of the
state called
A. Political Science
B. Society
C. Sovereignty
D. Territory

7. Which among the following refers to the general term of the whole human
race?
A. human
B. man
C. person
D. mankind

8. This include the lands, waters, rivers and air or space in a particular area.
A. area
B. place
C. locality
D. territory

9. Is the study of societies and how human acts in groups.

A. Anthropology
B. Society
C. Sociology
D. Political Science

10. This form of government is ruled by many.

A. Aristocracy
B. Monarchy
C. Polity
D. Tyranny

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 What’s In

Activity 2: Sharpen Your Understanding

Direction: Identify what field of study is being described in each of the items below.
Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Anthropology B. Sociology C. Political Science

________1. Social structures and social processes

________2. Cultural variations and processes
________3. Community, society, groups and partnership
________4. Government, political structures and powers
________5. President Duterte’s campaign on “War on Drugs”
________6. Neighbourly cooperation or “Bayanihan” as a unique cultural trait and
value of the Filipinos
________7. Persons living in the society are civilized than people who live apart from
it.
________8. The executive branch being vested only to the president
________9. The five major social institutions in the society are family, school,
church, government and workplace
________10. Man refers to the whole human race; human refers to the origin or
specie and person refers to individuality and uniqueness.

What’s New

Before going to the lesson proper, kindly ask yourself. “What makes me
unique?”

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 What is It

Anthropology is a behavioral science that deals with the study of human

beings in the society and their diverse culture. The components, characteristics,
functions, modes of adaptation of culture as well as cultural value and practices are
studied in Anthropology.

The word anthropology is derived from the Greek words “logos” which means
study and “anthropo/s” which means man.

Franz Boas – known to be the Father of Anthropology

SUBDISCIPLINES OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1) Archeology – examines the remains of ancient and historical populations to
promote an understanding of how humans adapted to their environment and
developed.
2) Cultural Anthropology – promotes the study of a society’s culture through
their belief systems, practices and possessions.
3) Linguistic Anthropology – examines language of group of people and its
relation to their culture.
4) Physical Anthropology –looks into biological development of humans and
their contemporary variation.
5) Applied Anthropology – attempts to solve contemporary problems through
the application of theories and approaches of the discipline.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING ANTHROPOLOGY

1. It broadens your horizon and changes your perspectives.
2. It is relevant.
3. It is useful.
4. It is interesting.

GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1. Students will be able to see and appreciate human cultures-whether in texts,
religious rituals and political and economic behaviour.
2. Understand diversity of social existence, appreciate and examine my role as a
person.
3. Appreciate man as a unique individual, with diverse cultural background.
Further, to understand man as a distinct specie compared to animals.

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SOCIOLOGY AND THE STUDY OF SOCIETY
Sociology is a behavioral science that deals with the study of society. The
origin, evolution, characteristics, structures, processes, functions, dimensions, basic
social institutions, cultural variations and differences are studied in sociology.

The word was derived from the two terms “logos” which means study or science, and
“socius” which means group, community or society.

August Comte—Father of Sociology

Important Terminologies in Sociology:

 Scientific – refers to the methodological and theoretical rigor that sociology
applies in its study of society and human behavior.
 Society – is the product of human interactions as humans subscribe to the
rules other culture.
 Social interaction – compilation of ways and means by which humans
interact with each other within the confines of a society.
 Social organization – refers to the interrelationship of parts of society.
 Roles – set of accepted behaviors that define the individual’s responses and
inclinations.
 Group – basic unit of an organization.
 Institutions – it is established when roles, statuses, and groups are
perpetuated within the context of a society.

SUB DISCIPLINES OF SOCIOLOGY

 Social Organization – the studies that involve social structures such as
institutions, social groups, social stratification, social mobility and ethnic
groups.
 Social Psychology – the study of the impact of group life to a person’s nature
and personality.
 Social Change and disorganization – the branch of sociology that inquires
on the shift in social and cultural interactions and the interruption of its
process through delinquency, deviance, and conflicts
 Human Ecology – pursues studies that relate human behaviour to existing
social institutions.
 Population or Demography – inquires the relationship between population
characteristics and dynamics.
 Applied Sociology – uses sociological research and methods to solve
contemporary problems.

GOALS OF SOCIOLOGY
1. Demonstrate an understanding of cultural variation, and social differences.
2. Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of studying culture, society
and politics.
3. Discover uniqueness of each culture, what makes people different from one
another in order to understand and preserve diversity.

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SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING SOCIETY
1. it provides a system of stratification.,
2. basic needs of its members,
3. regulates and controls people’s behavior,
4. provides the means of social participation, and
5. it provides mutual support to the members.

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND THE CONCEPT OF POWER

Political Science comes from the Greek words “polis” – refers to the city state in
ancient Greece and “scire”- means to know. Combining the two meanings, political
science aims to know the activities within the state. Such activities include the
following: human interaction and conflict, human and state relations, and power
distribution.

In addition, it is also called Politology or a social science which deals with the
system of governance

Aristotle –Father of Political Science

Elements of State
 Government – the set of personnel who manages the affairs of the state
in its act of allocating scarce values. It is an agency/institution that carries
the will of the state.

Number of Ruler/s Normal Form Perverted Form

One Monarchy Tyranny
Few Aristocracy Oligarchy
Man Polity Democracy

Aristotle’s Classification of Government

 Sovereignty – this is the capacity of a political system to make independent

decisions within its territory. (internal sovereignty)
The capacity of a political system to refuse control from other countries and
fight for its own freedom and independence. (external sovereignty)
 Territory – the geographic space in which the sovereignty of a state is
exercised.
 People – the most important elements of state since the existence of the
people that concepts on government, state, territory and sovereignty take
shape.

POWER - it is the capacity to influence or control the behavior of individuals and

institutions, whether by persuasion or coercion. It is also considered the ability to
exercise one’s will over others.

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 In the context of politics, it is considered as the ability to execute and carry
out laws for the general welfare. The executive branch of the government is vested
to the power of the president.

SIGNIFICANCE FOR STUDYING POLITICAL SCIENCE

1. Deepens knowledge and understanding of students in the field of government
and politics.
2. Helps students to obtain practical knowledge and insights on political issues.
3. Helps students to understand why people behave the way they do politically
due to diversity of interests.

GOALS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

1. Demonstrate an understanding of the concepts and principles of political
science in the structures, institutions and processes of the Philippines and
other nations.
2. Deepen knowledge and understanding of one of the most powerful forces
operating on people and community.

What’s More

Activity 3: Cloze Terms

Direction: Identify the terms being referred to in the following statements. Use the
terms found inside the box as your answer guide. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

Archaeology Franz Boas

Anthropos Linguistic anthropology
Cultural anthropology Applied anthropology

________________1. It is the sub discipline of anthropology that promotes the study of a

society’s culture through their belief systems, practices and
possessions.
________________2. examines language of group of people and its relation to their
culture.
________________3. examines the remains of ancient and historical populations to
promote an understanding of how humans adapted to their
environment and developed.
________________4. Is the Greek word for Anthropology which means “man,”
________________5. Attempts to solve contemporary problems through the application of
theories and approaches of the discipline.

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Activity 4: Peel in
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

______________1. is the product of human interactions as humans subscribe to the rules

other culture.
______________2. Is the Father of Sociology.
______________3. set of accepted behaviours that define the individual’s responses and
inclinations.
______________4. The Greek word for sociology which means “group, community or
partners.”
______________5. is a behavioral science that deals with the study of society. The origin,
evolution, characteristics and functions, dimensions and basic social
institutions.
______________6. inquires the relationship between population characteristics and
dynamics.
______________7. the studies that involve social structures such as institutions, social
groups, social stratification, social mobility and ethnic groups.
______________8. the study of the impact of group life to a person’s nature and
personality.
______________9. pursues studies that relate human behaviour to existing social
institutions.
_____________10. uses sociological research and methods to solve contemporary
problems.

What I Have Learned

Based on the insights and learnings you have gained from the lesson,
complete the following statements. Write your answer on your UCSP activity
notebook.

I have learned that being a member of the community, I should ____________.

I have realized that to be human and to be true to myself, I should __________.
I will apply my knowledge through ________________________________________.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 5: Reflect Upon

Direction: Read and share your insights with the issue presented. Please refer to the
rubric below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Social interaction is indeed need in sociology, but in school, we cannot deny

that there is an existing cases or issues of bullying.

With the basic knowledge that you have gained in studying Sociology, how are
you going to alleviate or to disrupt bullying in school?

Rubric

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 Assessment

In the lesson, you have learned about Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Science. Let us see how far you have learned from the lesson by doing

Activity 6: Quiz Time!

Direction: Read and answer the questions carefully. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Anthropology comes from the Greek word “anthropos”. What is the meaning
of the underlined Greek term?
A. mammals
B. man
C. community
D. society

2. What field of study deals with human beings in the society and their diverse
culture?
A. Anthropology
B. Political Science
C. Religion
D. Sociology

3. What field of study deals with the system of governance and political
activities?
A. Anthropology
B. Political Science
C. Sociology
D. Social Science

4. What form of government established by Ferdinand Marcos during his time?

A. Aristocracy
B. Authoritarian
C. Democracy
D. Monarchy

5. Which of the following is NOT included in the branches of government?

A. Executive
B. Judicial
C. Legislative
D. Political power

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6. Who is responsible for making, designing and passing laws for the common
good?
A. The executive branch
B. The legislative branch
C. The Supreme Court
D. The President

7. What field of study deals with society, its characteristics and functions,
dimensions and basic social institutions?
A. Anthropology
B. Political Science
C. Religion
D. Sociology
8. He is known as the “Father of Political Science.”
A. Aristotle
B. August Comte
C. Franz Boas
D. Karl Marx

9. Who among the following former presidents wielded absolute political power
when he declared Martial law?
A. Fidel V. Ramos
B. Joseph E. Estrada
C. Ferdinand Marcos
D. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

10. Which among the four elements of the state is most important?
A. government
B. people
C. sovereignty
D. territory

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 Additional Activities

Direction: Answer the question below in your activity notebook. Please refer
to the rubric below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

With the current global pandemic that we are facing, as part of the society,
how can you help your family and the community/country in general?

Rubric:

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ANSWER KEY:
3. Archaeology
4. Anthropos Activity 1: Let’s Warm Up!
5. Applied Anthropology
1. b
Activity 4: Peel in 2. c
1. Society 3. a
2. August Comte 4. c
3. Roles 5. b
4. Socius 6. c
5. Sociology 7. b
6. Population or Demography 8. d
7. Social Organization 9. c
8. Social Psychology 10. c
9. Human Ecology
10. Applied Sociology
ACTIVITY 5: Reflect Upon
Activity 2: Sharpen Your Understanding
(answer may vary)
1. b
2. b
ACTIVITY 7: Quiz Time!
1. b 3. b
2. a 4. c
3. b 5. c
4. b 6. a
5. d 7. a
6. b 8. c
7. d
9. b
8. a
9. c 10. a
10. b
Activity 3: Cloze Terms
1. Cultural anthropology
2. Linguistic anthropology
Answer Key
References

Kottak, C.P. & Kozaitis, K.A. (2003). On being different. Diversity and
multiculturalism In North American mainstream. New York: McGraw Hill
Sumner, W.G. (2007). Folkways: A Study of Mores, Manners, Customs and
Morals. New York: Cosimo Classics

Herskovits, M.J. (1955). Cultural Anthropology. New York: A.A. Knopf

Benoist O. (2018) Anthropological Perspectives. In: Heintze HJ., Thielbörger P.
(eds) International Humanitarian Action. Springer, Cham

https://www.search?q=how-culture-and-society-are-related

https://courses,lumenlearning.com/society/chapter/elements-of-culture/
Cole, Nicki Lisa, Ph.D. "Definition of Cultural Relativism in Sociology." Thought Co.

https://www.thoughtco.com/cultural-relativism-definition-3026122 (accessed May

15, 2020).

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1O3ZzhXrdOz92McHticZIUq63w_pRqdIj/edi
t

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Caraga Region – Bislig City Division

Office Address: H. Basañez Blvd., Poblacion, Bislig City 8311

Telefax: (086) 853 – 7403 ext. 1000 - 1029
E-mail Address: bislig.city@deped.gov.ph

LRMDC Hotline: 0912-255-8499

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