Plumbing: 1. Quality.

Alley. 3 meters with walk, not less than 2 meters. 2. Cost of installation.
a. Labor.
Alter or alteration. change use or material. b. Material.
3. Resistance to chemical and acid waste.
Back pressure. (drainage) air pressure in drainage pipe greater than atmospheric pressure. 4. Durability.

Back flow. (water) flow of water in water system from other sources other than its water source, also Reason of C I S P for drainage:
called back siphonage. 1. Easy drainage installation.
2. Availability.
Back siphonage. for drainage and water.
Closing end of pipes:
Back vent pipe. also called individual vents, F C O (floor clean out) for 1st floor, W C O (wall clean out) 1. Cap.
for 2nd floor and up, diameter for individual vents is 2 to 3 inches and drainage line is 4 inches. 2. Plug.

Ball cock. faucet opened and closed by a ball floating on the water, also called ball cock valve. Types of flange:
1. Drilled.
Ball joint. for W C without water storage tank, a cup like shell, ball in cup-like shell that allow movement. 2. Blank.
3. Blind.
Battery of fixtures. similar adjacent fixtures, 2 or more is called a battery.
Blank flange. flange that is not drilled. types:
Bell or hub. that portion of a pipe which for a short distance, is sufficiently enlarged to receive the end of 1. Slip flange.
another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a joint. 2. Screw flange.

Bending pin. (or iron) a tool used for straightening or expanding lead pipe. leaching cesspool.

Bibb. known today as hose bib (H B), part of water line and is a faucet found in service area and gardens. Blind flange. a flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening for the passage of water.

Key cock. used in hospitals, chemical laboratory, and laboratories. Blow-off. use in hot water storage tank, controlled outlet/pipe use to discharge water detritus and steam,
one type of releif vent.
Compression cock.
2 types of hot water tank:
Self-closing faucet. 1. Range boiler.
2. Hot water storage tank.
Bidet. (lavatory always on the left.), a plumbing fixture use to wash the genitals, also called a sitz bath
(tool bath), types: Branch (water and drainage and storm drain)(horizontal), (water) branch out of the house service pipe
1. Stall. which is the largest pipe, (drainage) connects to house drain to septic tank, any part of the pipes not the
2. Stand. main pipe or stack.
3. Recessed.
Branch interval. a length of soil or waste stack that branch into the main at storey height, one branch not
Materials for pipes: less than 8 feet, types:
1. C I S P. 1. soil pipe. use water closet.
2. Acid resistant C I P. 2. waste. other waste water.
3. Asbestos pipe.
4. Bituminous fiber sewer pipes. Stack. a vertical pipe (drainage).
5. Vitrified clay pipe. Riser. a vertical pipe (water).
6. Lead pipe.
7. Galvanized steel pipe. Branch vent. a vent pipe connecting from a branch of the drainage system to a vent stack.
8. Galvanized wrought iron pipe.
9. Brass pipe. most expensive and most durable (not available commercially). Building drain. house drain.
10. Copper pipe. used in H V A C.
11. Plastic or synthetic pipe. Building sewer. house sewer, is that part of plumbing found extending 4 or 5 feet from interface of
Choice of pipe: foundation wall.

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Building sub-drain. that portion of a drainage system which cannot drain by gravity into the building
sewer. Diameter. types:
1. outside diameter. (brass, copper).
Bushing. joining the different size pipes in single run. 2. internal diameter. (iron, etcetera).
3. nominal internal diameter.
Caulking. plugging or opening with oakum used in jointing.
Double-bend fitting. use commonly in factories, a pipe fitting shaped like the letter "S".
Oakum. a hemp fiber melted.
Double offset. 2 offsets in succession in series in the same time.
Cap. closing a pipe or pipe line.
Flat offset. used in ventillation air stack.
Ferrul. the clean out.
Drain. a sewer on other pipe or conduit used for conveying ground water, surface water, storm water,
Catch basin. CB, for rain water retention of storm or rain water. waste water, or sewage.

AD-CB. area drain, catch basin. FD. floor drain.

Cesspool. a pit for the reception or detention of sewage. Fixture drain. the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of the drain with any other drain pipe, from
fixture to main drain or the junction itself.
Effluent. having a solid and liquid separate chamber.
Drainage system. the drainage pipes of the plumbing system that takes waste water to the sewers. 3
Leeching cesspool. old waste goes down and at side. components:
1. Drainage.
Valves: 2. Waste.
3. Vent.
Check valves. automatically closes to prevent backflow or reverse direction or flow of water.
Dry vent. only with air, no waste ever goes through it, vent stack.
Circuit vent. a group vent extending from in front of the last fixture connection on a horizontal branch to
the vent stack, limited to 3 to 5 fixture per vent. Wet vent. stack vent.

Common vent. (dual vent or unit vent), serving 2 or more fixtures. Ferrule. a metallic sleeve, calked or otherwise, joined to an opening in a pipe, into which a plug is
screwed that can be removed for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe, clean out
Conductor. (downspout, rainleader, roof leads), a vertical pipe to convey rain water. (WCO, FCO), size of cleanout 4 inches.

Continous vent. is a vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain, to which the vent connects. Fixture. a receptacle attached to a plumbing system. Classification according to use:
1. Soil:
Corporation cock. (corporation stop, stop vault), to stop water to an individual house, connected to a. Water closet.
metering device and the water main. b. Slop sink.
c. Urinals.
Coupling. 2. Scullery:
a. Kitchen sink.
Court. open unoccupied area. b. Laundry sink.
c. Pantry sink. large kitchen sink.
Gooseneck. to prevent high pressure. 3. Bathing:
a. Bath tub.
Water outlet. any faucet, water closet, etcetera. b. Biddet.
c. Shower bath. complete assembly.
Cross connection. a physical connection between 2 system.
Fixture branch. the supply pipe between the fixture and the water distributing pipe, all branch connected
Dead end. the extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end to which no connections are made on to fixture.
the extended portion, thus permitting the stagnation of water or air therein.
Fixture unit:
Developed length. length along the center line of a pipe to the fitting. 1 person 8 gallon per minute, 1 and one half gallon per minute.

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Lavatory. 2 fixtures unit. Industrial waste. liquid waste from industry free of waste, toxic waste.
WC. 6 fixture unit.
Flashing. a piece of sheet metal fitted under another piece of flat metal or wood over which water is Installation of plumbing. by master plumber.
expected to run.
Interceptor. receptable to intercept and separate grease, chemicals, and oil, grease trap.
Float level. a level at the fixture where water will flow over the edge of the fixture or rim.
Invert. the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe or conduit that is not vertical.
Flood level/overflow level. the level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow the top or rim of the
fixture. Latrine. WC with continuous water supply, not a permanent installation.

Floor area. the area minus the shaft, pipe chase and pipe sleeves, the area included between the wall Lavatory. wash basin for washing face and hand.
exclusive of vent, shaft and sleeve.
Length of pipe. the length as measured along.
Flush valve. W. C., directly connected with the supply.
Local vent. crude vent.
Flushometer valve. with aid of water tank.
Loop or circuit vent. , a continuation of a horizontal soil or waste pipe beyond the connection at which
Gate valve. inlet, a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk, fitting against liquid waste from a fixture enter the waste or soil pipe, circuit vent, associated with vent stack.
machine-smoothed faces, at right angles to the direction of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by means
of a threaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. the opening in the valve is usually as large as Circuit. stock vent.
the full bore of the pipe.
Main. the main of any system: main sewer line, main water supply line, main/public storm sewer,
Globe valve. a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk that fits against the distributing main.
valve seat. The plane of movement of the disk is parallel to the normal direction of flow of water, which is
turned through a tortuous passage to direct the flow normal to the face of the disk, can control gas and air. Main vent. vent stack.

Goose neck. a return bend of small-sized pipe one end of which is about 1 foot long and the other end is Man hole. access for man to go through, 3 meters depth minimum.
about 3 inches long. It is commonly used as a faucet for a pantry sink. Also, the lead connection
between a service pipe and a water main. Master plumber. person with knowledge of plumbing who employs plumbers, for residential.

Grade. slope of pipes, two percent slope or one fourth inch per foot. Nipple.

Ground water. three sources of water: Sanitary engineer. for large establishment.
1. Rainfall. storm water.
2. Natural surface. Surface water. Slope. pitch, grade, mot exceed 2 %.
3. Underground water. ground water, portion of the rainfall or percipitation.
Plan. must be sealed by a professional sanitary engineer.
Group vent. a branch vent that performs its function for 2 or more traps.
Plasiomic valve. ball in the water closet.
Height of building. vertical distant from grade line to the highest point of the roof of the building.
Plumbing. the art and technique of installing in building pipes and fixtures.
Horizontal branch. a branch drain extending laterally from a soil or waste stack, with or without vertical
sections or branches, that receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and conducts it to the Plumbing fixtures. a receptable attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or waste
soil or waste stack or to the building drain. may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.

House storm sewer. house catch basin, is the pipeline from the building to the public storm sewer Plumbing system. the plumbing system of the building, institution, factory or industrial establishment from
system. bring and distributing water to discharging sewer, sewerage system.

Indirect waste pipe. a waste pipe that does not connect directly with the building drainage system but Plumbing official. hold authority in water and sewerage and national plumbing code.
discharge into it through a properly trapped fixture or receptacle, not connect to waste pipes.
MWSS. urban.
Individual vent. back vent pipe.
LWVA. rural.

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 Sewage. the liquid waste conducted away from the establishments.
LOWA. local water.
Sewer. a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and waste liquid.
DPWH. in charge of the sewers.
Sewerage/sewerage works. sewer system of the entire community, including collection, transportation,
Potable water. water fit for drinking, culinary and domestic purposes. pumping, and treatment.

Primary branch. is the single sloping drain from the base of the stack to its junction with the main building Shaft. (chase) a vertical opening through a building for elevators, etceteras.
drain or with another branch thereof, same as lateral.
Siamese connection. a wye connection used on fire lines so that 2 lines of hose may be connected to a
Private or private use. for private use. hydrant or to the same nozzle.

Private sewer. private owned and not directly controlled by public authority. Siphonage. vaccum or suction created by the flow of liquid in pipes.

Privy. outhouse or structure use to dispose excrement. Soil pipe. from water closet, urinals.

Privy vault. a pit beneath a privy in which excrement collects. Soil stack pipe. vertical pipe for fecal matter or liquid waste.

Public or public use. public is invited to use these in any institution. Spigot/faucet. the end of a pipe which fits into a bell.

Public sewer. common sewer directly controlled by public authority, main sewer. Stack. a general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste, or vent piping.

Releif vent. help provide circulation of air between drainage and vent system Stack vent. for soil and waste stack connected to the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.

Repair. repairing or replacing a small part of the system. Standpipes. a vertical pipe usually used for the storage of water, frequently under pressure, types:
1. Wet.
Return bend. 180 degrees turn. 2. Dry.

Revent pipe. back vent pipe, individual vent. Storm water. that portion of the rainfall or other precipitation which runs off over the surface after a storm.

Riser. vertical pipes use only on water. Story. surface of floor to surface of next floor.

Reservoir. water cistern. Subsoil drain. building sub-drain.

Orifice. to releive pressure from downfeed system. Sump. a pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid wastes are drained.

Roughing in. pipes without the fixtures. Supports. hangers, cradles, straps, etceteras.

Sanitary sewage. (domestic waste) domestic sewage combination of human excrement and liquid Surface water. natural water or water on the surface after a rain.
household waste.
Tapped tee. a cast-iron bell-end tee with the branch tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fitting. used only
Sanitary sewer. for sanitary sewage with or without industrial waste but without rain water. for ventillation.

Seal. vertical distance between the dip and the crown, water in traps. Sanitary tee.

Indirect momentum siphonage. seal is sucked out. Trap. a fitting or device so constructed as to prevent air, gas and some vermin through a pipe.

Secondary branch. any branch in a building drain other than the primary branch. Union. to move one pipe only.

Septic tank. watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a plumbing system. Unit vent. an arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe will serve 2 traps.

Service pipe. the pipe from the water main or source of water supply to the building served. Vaccum. an air pressure less than atmospheric. also siphonage.

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Vent. a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of the air in a plumbing system and for reducing
the pressure exerted on trap seals. Septic tank. decompose raw sewage in 2 process:
1. Sedimentation.
Vent stack. for ventillation. 2. Anaeboric decomposition.
Vertical pipe. any pipe or fitting installed in a vertical position.
Sludge. creates bacteria to create anaerobic.
Wet vent. that portion of the vent pipe through which liquid waste flow.
Construction and location of septic tank:
Waste pipe. lavatory, floor drain., a pipe which convey only liquid waste, free of fecal matter. 1. 15 meters away from potable water.
2. Must have an inlet and outlet made of sanitary Y.
Yard. is an open, unoccupied space, other than a court.
Minimum water content depth of 1.20 meters for proper reduction of organic materials, with a total depth of
Planning: 1.50 meters.
1. Location of C O:
a. In every change in direction. Dimension of a septic tank: 0.75 by 1.5 by 1.20 meters.
b. All horizontal pipes.
c. At every 15 feet of pipe. Technical data:
2. Provision of individual ventillation connected to ypur VSTR. 1. Minimum width: 0.90.
3. Traps: 2. Minimum length: 1.50.
a. House trap. 3. Minimum depth: 1.20.
b. Grease trap. 4. Residential: 0.14 to 0.17 meter cube per person.
c. Seal trap. 5. 12 persons, not more than 2.0 meters cube.
4. Soil pipe/waste pipe. 6. School, commercial, industrial: 0.057 meter cube to .086 meter cube per person.
5. Offset.
Manhole has intervals of 75 meters to 150 meters, with a diameter of .90 to 1.20 meters. And is protuded
Water supply: 15 centimeters from surface to overcome water infiltration.
1. Location of main line.
2. Prohibition use of cross T. Types of waste:
3. Provision of air chamber. 1. Black: feces.
4. Use of valves. 2. Grey: soap.
3. White: rain water.
3 types of water distribution:
1. Upfeed system. 2 types of standpipes:
2. Downfeed system (gravity). 1. Dry.
3. Zoning system. 2. Wet.

Pipe lengths: Types of vents:

1. Brass pipe: 20 feet. 1. Wet vent. for water.
2. PVC: 10 to 20 feet. 2. Dry vent. for air.
3. RSC: 10 to 20 feet.
4. G I: 20 feet. Types of tanks:
5. C I: 5 feet. 1. Suction type tank.
6. Cement: 1 meter. 2. Pneumatic tank.
3. Elevated tank.
3 available private disposal system: 4. House tank.
1. Cess pool.
2. Septic tank or vault. P traps:
3. Privy. 1. Common seal trap: 50 millimeter depth between overflow and dip, used in lavatories.
4. Public sewer line. 2. Deep seal trap. 75 to 100 millimeters depth between overflow and dip, used in sinks.

Public sewer line: Moldex uses the O-ring.

1. Trunk line.
2. Tributary.

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Septic tank. cannot be outside property line and inside house, position next to last fixture served, good in
laundry area.
Aeration process. one method to separate waste from water in a public filtering system.
To prevent leakage from treaded connection use teflon, for flange type use gusset.
A device which introduces air into an existing stream of water, aerator fitting.
A backflow preventor is a device to prevent backflow into a potable water supply.
A plumbing fixture used especially for washing the middle parts of the body, bidet/prosterior.
A blank flange is a flange that is not drilled.
A back vent is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a VS or a SV.
A drain that convey storm water to a satisfactory terminal, catch basin.
A gate valve or service cock, corporatin cock.
House drain is a system of horizontal piping inside a building that extends and connects with the house
sewer. 2 types:
1. Combine drain. (sanitary and storm).
2. Sanitary drain.
Drum trap is a special equipment used on plumbing fixtures that discharge large volume of water.
Self closing faucet, faucets are used when it is descred that the flow of water is stopped automatically
upon release of the pressure of the hand.
The most common form of iron found in spring and well water is ferrous bicarbonate (a colorless salt).
In tall buildings, sprinklers can be supplied with water from elevated storage tank.
Fire extinguishment is normally accomplished by absorption of heat by carbon monoxide and reduction of
temperature.
The fire code of the philippines was created under the P D 1185.
Any act that would remove or neutralize a fire hazard, abatement.
It is not prefferable to use short radius fittings on soil branches for making changes in direction.
A flush valve is a type of plumbing accessories.
In sewerage system pipe should be installed with a grade of 1 4th inch per foot.
Water supply outlets usually installed outside the building, hose bib.
The principal use of hydropneumatic tank is for air under pressure storage.
Caulking and threading are 2 different methods of connecting pipes and fittings.
A manhole is an access chamber for underground piping.
G I pipes used for water lines are commonly manufactured in length of 20 feet.
Water pressure instrument, pressure gauge.
A plastic pipe for hot and cold water, PVDC pipes.
A water pump most commonly used for elevation of waste, sump pump.
Roughing-in is the installation of all parts of plumbing sustem which can be completed prior to the
installation of fixtures.
Small particle of smoke can be detected in less than a minute.
Wet and dry fire water pipes are called standpipe.
Siamese is a wye connection.
Integrated network of hydraulic design piping system, sprinkler system.
Responsible of fire code, director general.
Sanitary and industrial plumbing water piping inside building and premises shall conform to the provisions
of national plumbing code.
The design, construction, and operation of deepwells for abstraction of groundwater sources shall be
subjected to the provisions of the water code of the Philippines.
The quality of drinking water from meteoric surfaces and underground sources shall conform to the
criteria set forth by National Standards of Drinking water.
Sanitary sewages from buildings and neutralized or pre-treated industrial waste water shall be discharged
directly to the nearest street sanitary sewer main in accordance with the criteria set in the code of
sanitation and the national pollution control commission.
All pipe materials to be used in buildings shall conform to the standard specs of the Philippine standard
council (PSC).
Electrical plans and specifications below 20 outlets or a capacity of 4 kw up to 600 v shall be signed and
sealed by duly licensed master electrician.
U A P is duly accredited for architects while the following:
1. Civil engineers. P I C E (Philippine institute of civil engineers).
2. Mechanical engineers. P S M E (Philippine society of mechanical engineers).
3. Electrical engineers. I I E E (institue of integrated electrical engineer).
4. Master plumbers. NAMPAP.
Color coding:
1. Water line. blue.
2. Electrical. red, orange, light gray.
3. Sanitary. Orange, brown.
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All electrical system, equipment and installlation mentioned in the code shall conform to the provision of
the Philippine ekectrical code, as adopted by the board of electrical engineering persuant to R A 184
otherwise known as the electrical engineering law.
All mechanical systems, equipment and installation mentioned in this code shall conform to the provisions
of the philippine mechanical engineering code, as adopted by the board of mechanical engineering
pursuant to Commonwealth Act number 294 as amended, otherwise known as the Mechanical
engineering law.
Industrial establishment shall be provided with positive noise abatement devices to tone down the noise
level of equipment and machineries to acceptable limits set down by the department of labor and the
national pollution control commission.
In the application form for mechanical, electrical, and sanitary/plumbing permits, the Professional in
charge shall sign and seal and write in the box the following:
1. PRC registration number.
2. Full name in print.
3. PTR number.
4. Address of P I C (professional in charge).
5. PTR date/place of issue.
6. T I N.
Dry standpipe shall have sufficient strength to withstand a water pressure of 20 kilograms per square
centimeter when ready for service.
All dry standpipe shall extend from the ground floor and over the roof and shall be equipped with 63
millimeters outlet in every floor level with a minimum height from floor line of 1.20 meters.
The minimum size of a fire hose outlet of an interior wet standpipe is 38 millimeter diameter.
The frames on either side of the moving steps of an escalator is called balustrade.
The maximum angle of inclination of an escalator is 30 degrees.
A device designed to stop a descending elevator or counterweight beyond its normal limit of travel by
absorving and dissipating the kinetic energy of the car or counter weight is called buffer.
In high rise apartments or residential condominiums of more than 5 stories, the minimum number of
elevator that shall be kept on a 24 hour service is one.
The minimum clear distance from any part of a boiler to any wall as per NBC is 1 meter.
Smokestacks shall have a minimum rise above the eaves of any building of 5 meters.

In applying for electrical wiring permit, the required are: The temperature and humidity of the air for comfortable cooling is to be maintained at 68 to 74 degrees
1. Electrical wiring plan or layout. fahrenheit.
2. Schedule of loads.
3. Location plan. HVAC. heating and ventilating air conditioning.
4. vicinity plan.
5. Riser diagram. Piping under steam division of a high pressure pipe is white.
6. General notes (specs).
7. Legends and symbols. Fresh water pipe is blue.
8. Details.
Fire design ladder should be fixed position in interval not exeeding 6 meters.
5 sets of building plans and specs are given to:
1. Applicant. Exterior way of exit access so arrange there is no dead-end arranged in 6 meters.
2. Architect and engineering department.
3. Land use and zoning. A cable provided with a metal wrapping is called armored cable.
4. Land and grade.
5. Local fire chief. The current in amperes a conductor can carry continously without exceeding it temperature is called
ampacity.
Aside from the professional, the professional in charge can sign and seal his/her name in the DPWH
forms. A sheet metal enclosure for conductors, cables and bus bars at switch boards, meter centers, distribution
centers and similar points are called auxiliary gutter.
2 other signatories in DPWH application form for certificate of completion (electrical works) aside from
building owner: The latest edition of the Philippine electrical code, part 1 is dated 1973.
1. Professional electrical engineer/master plumber.
2. Contractor. Ratio of maximum demand to the total connected to a system is ca;;ed demand factor.

2 documents required for certificate of occupancy from building official: The final decision over any contraversy of the electrical code is vested upon the board of electrical
1. Certificate of completion. engineering.
2. Logbook.
Electric motor. transform electric to mechanical energy.
PD 1096 prescribes that dry standpipe is required for every building of 4 or more floors.
Fuse. an over current protective device w circuit opening fusible material.

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Fuse holder. device to support a fusible link and to complete the contact between fusible link and fuse Pipe of sanitary drainage, cast iron and PVC.
clips.
Enlarged part of pipe to receive another end, hub.
Guy wire. tension member usually of galvanized wire.
Connection of sprinkler to ceiling:
Flashover. a disruptive charge around or over the surface of a solid or liquid insulator. 1. Distance between sprinklers, 3 meters.
2. Area covered by a sprinkler, 9 square meters.
Ground. place a conducting current to the earth.
Electricity:
Lamp. generic term for artificial source of light.
Lighting outlet. direct connection of a lampholder. From NBC:
Lines must be 10 to 7.5 meters in height from sidewalk.
Type 2 building under NBC shall be fire resistive for 1 hour. Poles not less than 5 meters from fire hydrant.
Poles not less than 150 meters from a curb.
Cross bar. device half the width of door leaf which opens the door when subjected to pressure. For building over 15 meters in height there must be 2 to 2.5 meters open from face of building to pole for
ladders.
Condenser. where vaporized refrigerants is liquified. Conductors over 3oo volts shall not be carried near the ground surface unless guarded or made
unaccessible.
Minimum clear height of a window type aircon at grounfd floor is 2.13 meters. Lines must clear from building surface of no less than .075 meters.
Lines passing over roofs and building tops must have clearance of 1 to 3 meters.
International access signs have white graphics on blue blackground. Service drop clearance over roof must not be less than 2.5 meters.
Service drop must not be less than 3 meters from ground.
NBC allows circular stairs as exit if minimum width of run is not less than 250 millimeters. There should be 2 services by law.
Fees are 5 pesos for permit of pole and installation of pole.
Service connection line. connects horizontal main to water service meter.
Approved. acceptable to the authority enforcing the code.
Fixtures. recieve and discharge water into the drainage system.
Electricity. electric phenomena manisfectation.
The minimum size of trap and branches allowed for bath tub is 2 inches diameter.
Atoms:
Riser. a potable water supply that extend vertically one full storey or more to convey water to branches 1. Electron. negative.
and fixtures. 2. Proton. positive.
3. Neutron. neutral.
In buildings, water supply for fire fighting must meet:
1. Be part of domestic supply of building. 2 general classes:
2. Be added to domestic supply of building. 1. Dynamic electricity (electromagnetic). flows through a substance, over its surface in the form of
3. Not required if fire hydrant is within 100 meters. electric current.
2. Static electricity (static/electrostatic).
Fire damper is also called smoke damper which can also be smoke damper serve as fire damper.
Accessible. not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the building; capable of being removed
Each door in a means of egress shall not be 70 centimeter. without disturbing the building structure or finish. Admitting close approach because not guarded by
locked doors, elevation, or other effective means.
Plumbing code provisions:
1. All roof extension of soil and waste stack should run full size at least 0.30 meters above the roof. Electric current. electric flow in an electric current (amperage) expressed in amperes.
2. Other than weather protection, not less than 2.5 meters above the roof.
3. If there are doors, windows, scuttle, air chafts distance edge to edge is 3 meters. Electric circuit. electric path composed of a conductor or of several conductors and conducting electric
devices joined together through which an electric current flows when the path is completed and an EMF is
Usual trouble in pipes is in its fittings. applied.

Rendering a pipe waterproof, caulking. Circuit diagram. diagram that represent an electric circuit on papers.

Cast iron in length of 5 feet. Chase. a recess built in wall to receive piping and wiring.

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 Connectors use for metal:
Mica. best heat insulators. 1. Bushing.
2. Lock nut.
Electromotive force (EMT). the force without cause (or tend to cause) the movement of electricity in a 3. Coupling.
conductor.
Classification of electrical current:
Electro magnet. 1. Direct current. flow in only one (or some) direction/flow is said to be from negative to positive (fixed
polarity)(can be steady or may vary).
Close circuit (complete). connected to form a continous path from the source of current back to the same Common source. current supplied by a battery (storage)/dry cell.
point. a. Continous DC. remains steady or uniform.
b. Pulsating/fluctuating DC. strength varies at different times.
Open circuit (broken or incomplete). conducting elements are disconnected as to prevent the flow of 2. Alternating curent. continually reverses its flow, its direction of flow/current that changes in both
electricity. strenght and direction in a given time, alternates 60 times per second, with a frequency of 60 cycles per
Post knoll effect electrical thermal. second (60 hertz).
Rectifier. (rotary converter) converts AC to DC, example: transformer. Types:
Rheostat. also considered as a dimmer. 1. Selenium type.
2. Silicon type.
Service entrance wire. from attachment service cap to panel board. 3. Copper-oxide type.

Service drop. attached from Meralco up to building service cap. Phase. the number of alternating current that goes to your conductor.

THW. for outside and inside. Relation of EMF current resistance. ratio between pressure and resistance (opposition).

PTW. for interior. Strength of the continuous current. ratio between EMF and resistance of the conductors.

Watt. ampere times voltage. A x v Ohm's law (George Simon Ohm):

Formula: I = V/R.
Air is a poor conductor of electricity. I. current flow (in amperes).
V. EMF (in volts).
Short circuit. a condition resulting from bridging any part of a circuit with a conductor of a very low R. resistance (friction in ohms).
resistance.
Voltage, electrical pressure, (volt): V = I R.
Amperes. basic unit of electric current. Current: I = V/R.
Resistance: R=V/I.
Amperage. the flow of electric current in a circuit, expressed in amperes.
Voltage (volt). unit of EMF/measure of the pressure or force which keeps electricity in motion.
Ampacity. the current carrying of a wire or cable expressed in amperes, (without undue heat).
Voltimeter. device to measure the voltage of the circuit/an instrument for measuring the voltage drop
Ammeter. instrument to measure rate of flow of electricity. between any 2 points in an electric circuit, example: generator/cell/battery.

2 types of circuits: General note: 1 volt is the pressure which causes 1 ampere to flow through a wire with a resistance of 1
1. Parallel (multiple). when 2 or more electrical devices are connected so that each one offers a separate ohm.
path for the flow of current between 2 points.
2. Series (simple SC). all parts of a circuit are electrically connected end to end. Watt. rate of power used/represent how much is the equivalent heat volt and amperes produced if
plugged to an appliances, measure the power consumed, potential difference of 1 volt cause a current of
Device. a unit/component of electrical system which is intended to carry but not consume electrical 1 ampere to flow.
energy. example: switch.
Potential difference. when a source of electromotive force is applied to a conductor, the conductor is said
Lighting circuit is 100 watt maximum. to have a difference in potential energy.

Shunt. when a circuit is divided into 2 or more branches, each branch transmitting part of the current. Wattmeter. instrument that measure the amount of instantaneous power or power in use at any one time.
The conductor of each branch taken separately.

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Watt-hour meter, kilowatt-hour meter, electricity meter. instrument used to measure the energy Metal clad (MC). services, feeders, branch circuits, circuits, exposed/concealed indoors/outdoors works.
consumed over a period of time, measure and register the active power in an electric circuit with respect Feeders. cables that goes into a building.
to time. 2. Non-metallic sheated cable.
3. Conductor for general wiring. most common building wire, copper wire, example: TW wire
Pole. 2 live wire. (thermoplastic/PVC).
2 pole. 2 live wire, 1 ground. 4. Special cable type:
a. American home run.
Types of conduits: b. Cable bus. (busway) large conductors not circular in cross section
1. RSC. c. Cable bars.
2. IMC.
3. EMT. electrical metallic tubing. Raceways:
4. Flexible metal conduit. 1. Floor raceways:
5. Aluminum conduit. a. Underfloor raceways.
6. Non-metallic conduit. b. Cellular metal floor raceways.
7. Exposed metallic raceways.
RSC. Rigid steel conduit. Power handling equipment:
Transformers. a device for changing the voltage of an alternating current.
IMC. Metallic conduit.
Outdoor transformers:
Conduits should be supported every 3 to 15 feet. 1. H-frame transformer bank. capacity as high as 1,000 kilowatts.
2. Cluster mounted on a single pole. 225 kilowatts capacity.
Alternator. a generator of AC is produced by the turning of its rotor, a device for generating an alternating 3. Pad-mounted. hinged.
EMF, for high voltage equipments.
Indoor transformer:
Generator. a machine that converts mechanical energy (power) into electical energy (power). 1. Dry type:
a. Rated 600 volts or less of any kilowatts rating.
Motor. a machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. b. Rated 112 and a half kilowatts or less and 601 to 25,000 volts.
2. Askarel-insulated.
Battery. combination of 2 or more electric cell capable of storing and supplying direct current by electro- 3. Oil-insulated transformer.
chemical means, 2 distinct classes:
1. Primary battery. deliver electricity as soon as the parts are assembled or put together provided that it Transformer rates:
is connected in a circuit. 1. Step up transformer.
2. Secondary/storage battery. electricity from some external source (rechargable). 2. Step down transformer.

Nickel-cadnium cell. has gained considerable popularity. Fuse. can handle up to 2,000 volts.

Electrical system of building: (main component/system component) 3 categories: Circuit breakers. are used when 2,000 volts and up.
1. Wiring. includes conductors and raceways of all types.
Conductors. a wire cable or device offering low resistance to the flow of electric current or other form of Fuse types:
metal suitable for carrying currents, examples: copper cable. 1. Cartridge fuse.
Insulator. a material that stops transfer of herts/power of the electric current, resists heat. a. Single.
Raceways. channel designed expressly for holding wires, cables, bustors. b. Dual.
2. Equipments. general term including fittings devices, appliance fixtures, apparatus used as part of, or in 2. Plug fuse.
connection with an electrical installation.
3. Appliances. is a utilization equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in standardized Switch gear. also called unit sub-station.
sizes or types, which is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions; current
consuming equipments. Types: Types of flourescents:
a. Fixed. 1. Bi-pin 2 flourescents.
b. Portable. 2. Single pin flourescents. use for ultraviolet rays.
c. Stationary.
Phenolic base. a insulating material found at the end of the flourescent at the base of the pins.
Wires and cables:
1. Flexible metal clad cable (FC). A C flexible armored cable. BX pipes. flexible metals.

644051417.doc
 i. Guide rail.
Condulets. small conduits. 2. Hydraulic: (parts):
a. Car or cab.
Height of electric meter from ground, 1.5 meters. b. Control system.
c. Elevator pit.
Height of C O, .20 meter. d. Shaft or hoistway.
e. Plunger.
Distances of C Os, 2 to 2.5 meters. f. Elevator machine room.
g. Guide rail.
Height of switch, 1.1, 1.2, 1.5 meters. h. Guide shoes.
i. Spring buffer.
Distance of switch from door jamb, .20 meters. j. Floor stop and limit switch.
k. Creepage and leveling cam switch.
Bakelite. made from PVC and porcelain. l. Car gate switch.
m. Controller.
Master and slave. the electrical switch. n. Motor and pump with tank.
Size of wire and capacity:
1. #14 (2.5 millimeter): 15 amperes. Parts of an elevator:
2. #12 (3.5 millimeter): 20 amperes. 1. Electrical, mechanical room.
3. #10 (4 millimeter): 30 amperes. 2. Hoistway/shaft.
4. #8 (6 millimeter): 45 amperes. 3. Pit.
5. #6 (10 millimeter): 65 amperes. 4. Penthouse.
6. #3 (20 millimeter): 100 amperes. 5. Tension sheave.
7. #2 (25 millimeter): 115 amperes. 6. Counterweight.
8. #1 (35 millimeter): 130 amperes. 7. Travel.
9. #0 (50 millimeter): 150 amperes. 8. Oil and spring buffer.
9. Guide rail.
Types of elevators: 10. Car platform.
1. Electric: (parts): 11. Car.
a. Car. 12. Cable socket.
b. Cables: 13. Dovetail joints.
1. Guide shoe. 14. Cable.
2. Compensation. 15. Machine beam.
3. Buffer. 16. Elevator machine.
4. Secondary sheave. 17. MG set.
5. Winding drum machine.
6. Landing zone. Counter weight. weight of car and 40 % of its weight of car capacity.
c. Counterwieght.
d. Contol equipments: Freight elevators: (for hoisting and lowering equipments).
1. Control panel. 1. Dumb waiter. no passengers, just equipments.
2. Governor. 2. Plunger elevator. using piston (for heavy loads).
3. Safety. 3. Sidewalk elevator. from sidewalk level going down only.
4. Tension sheave. 4. Freight elevators. one person plus equipments.
5. Limit switches.
6. Operating device. System of elevator selection of operation:
7. Car leveling device. 1. Push button control. caters those who called first and push first.
e. Elevator pit. 2. Collective control. collects all ups and downs.
f. Shaft or hoistway. 3. Electronic supervisory collective dispatching and control. use for high rise building with constant traffic
g. Penthouse or elevator machine room. (service specific number and level of floors).
h. Elevator machine:
1. Motor generator. Consideration of elevator selection:
2. Generator field (motor) control. 1. Types of use or occupancy.
3. Rheostatic control. 2. Floor height/ ceiling height.

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3. Total height of building. 1, 16 amperes, 8amperes.
4. Available speed. 1 1/2, 20mperes, 10mperes.
5. Car capacity. 2, 24mperes, 12mperes.
3, 34mperes, 17mperes.
Speed of elevators: 5 kilometers per hour.
A C system:
Types of escalators: 1. Unitarian:
1. Criss-cross. a. Package.
2. Parallel. b. Cabinet.
2. Centralized. use of cooling tower.
Parts of an escalator:
1. Balustrade assembly. 5 important components of air conditioning:
2. Handrails. 1. Cooling unit.
3. Truss. 2. Compressor.
4. Endless belt. 3. Condenser fan.
5. Sprocket assembly. 4. Cooler.
6. Driving machine. 5. Control/motor.
Other parts:
7. Tracks. A C equipments:
8. Emergency brake. 1. Filter. removes the larger dirt and pollen particles in order to prevent clogging spaces between the
9. Controller. plates. Types:
10. Emergency stop button. a. Electrostatic filter.
12. Key operated switches. b. Replacable filters.
c. Cleanable/renewable filters.
Normal width of escalators: 32 to 48 inches. d. Roll type, disposable media.
e. Throwaway filters.
Air conditioning standards: 2. Cooling coil. arranged so that the cooling consists of bank of tubes. A cold fluid is circulated on the
1. Heating and humidifying. inside of the tube. When the surface of the cooling coil is at temperature below dew point of air, it drips to
2. Cooling and dehumidifying. a collecting pan and disposed off those draw connection.
3. Air motion. 15 to 25 feet per minute, at height of 36 inches above the ground. 3. Heating Coil. constructed similar to the cooling coil. However fluid circulated inside has a high
4. Air supply. 5 to 10 cubic feet per person. temperature.
4. Fan. fan pulls the air from intake through filter of the aircon unit and distributes it to the conditioned
Types of A C: space.
1. ACCU. 5. Humidifier. a device for moistening air to a desired degree.
2. ATC.
3. CAC. Types of refrigeration compressors.
4. FCU. 1. Reciprocating.
5. AHU. 2. Centrifugal.
6. HVAC. 3. Absorption.
7. RAC. 4. Screw.
8. PAC.
9. TR. Electric motors. requires starting devices (starter):
1. Steam turbine. type of refrigeration plant which takes up space.
Parts of an A C U: 2. Well water.
1. Cooling towers. 3. Cooling towers.
2. Air curtain. 4. Pumps (centrifugal).

Aircon load: (HP, 115 V, 230 V) Types of aircon:

1/6, 4.4 amperes, 2.2 amperes. 1. Unitary type/package type. depends on refrigerants as their cooling method.
1/4, 5.8 amperes, 2.9 amperes. Advantages:
1/3, 7.2 amperes, 3.6 amperes. a. Control is at hand of the occupant or tenant.
1/2, 9.8 amperes, 4.9 amperes. b. Cooling towers, chillers, pumps, pipings are avoided, saving space.
3/4, 13.8 amperes, 6.9peres. Disavantages:

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 a. Noise (creates sound). Compressor. a machine that draws vaporized refrigerants from the evaporator at a low pressure,
b. Room units have shorter life than central plants. compact it, and then discharge it to a condenser.
Systems: 1/4 to 3 horsepower:
a. Unit type. Accumulator. a vessel whose volume is used to reduce pulsation in a refrigerant circuit.
b. Through the wall.
c. Window type. Cooling tower. a structure on the roof of a building over which water is circulated, so as to cool it
2. Package type A C system: evaporatively by contact of air.
a. Needs from 3 tons to 100 tons (1 ton to 1 horsepower).
Location: where there is running water. Condenser. a heat exchange device in a refrigeration system; consist of a vessel or arrangement of
3. Centralized air conditioning system: pipes or tubing in which refrigerant vapor is liquified by the removal of heat.
a. Have a machine/air conditioning room.
b. Bigger space to be airconditioned. Evaporator. that part of a refrigeration system in which refrigerant is vaporized; thereby taking up external
3. Needs a duct wall. heat and producing cooling.

3 to 10 changes of air per hour at .45 cubic meter per minute. Adiabatic saturation. water to unsaturated air to increase humidity ratio.

Most common systems:
1. Air to refrigerants to air. room air is cooled by contact with cool refrigerants and then becomes warm.
Warm refrigerants is then cooled by contact with outside air.
2. Air to refrigerant to water to air. if air-cooled condensers are not available, therefor cooling is needed.
Thus this will take thye water that has removed the heat from hot refrigerant and give heat to outdoor air.
3. Ait to water to refrigerant to water. complete heat transfer/most economical.
Humidity ratio. weight of actual water vapor over pounds of dry air.
Dew point. temperature when water vapor becomes saturated and turn to water.
Dry bulb temperature. temperature of vapor in fahrenheit thermometer, temperature of a gas or mixture of
gases indicated by an accurate thermometer after correction for radiation.

System of distribution: Wet bulb temperature. the temperature at which liquid or solid water, by evaporation into air, can bring the
1. Air to air. air to saturation adiabatically at the same temperature.
2. Air to air.
3. Chemical/refrigerants: Enthalphy. BTU per minute in fluid or gas.
a. Ammonia.
b. Freon 11 and 12. Psychrometer. instrument to determine moisture in air.

System of airconditioning: Relative humidity. saturation of water vapor present in air.

1. Cooling by compressive refrigeration.
2. Cooling by absorption. Sensible heat. changing temperature without changing its state.
3. Thermoelectric cooling.
Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC):
Thermostat. device which respond to change of temperature and directly or indirectly controls it.
Heat and temperature:
Hydrostat/humidistat. a device which measures the degree of moisture in air.
Sensible heat. heat through touch.
Relay. electrical device which protects and controls the thermostat, uses electrical energy to amplify or
convert power of a thermostat. Absolute temperature. below freezing point.

Air lock. a space which is designed to isolate an air conditioned space from another space which it is Pyometer. device for extremely high temperature.
connected. A space which is designed to isolate an air conditioned space from another space to which it
is connected. Thermocouple. device for indicating sensible heat through uniting 2 wires.

Air velocity. a quantity which donates the instantaneous time rate and direction of air motion. Katathermometer. alcohol thermometer to determine air movement and air distribution.

Pressure regulator. instrument sensitive to changes in pressure. Heat transmission:

Control valve. any valve used to regulate fluid flow. Conduction. from body to body when it is in contact.

Convection. by motion of the particle.

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 1. Motor out.
Radiation. transmitting rays of heat through air. 2. Air filter.
3. Grille.
Reflection and absorption: 4. Evaporator.
5. Motor in.
Highly polish. reflects more absorb less. 6. Compressor.
7. Fan and blower.
Dull surface. absorbs more reflect less. 8. Viscous filter.
9. Distribution grille.
Heat units: 10 Condenser.

US-BTU. Heating, ventilation, and airconditioning. process of treating air to control its temperature.

Kilogram calorie. 1,000 grams calories, 3968 BTU. Heat transmission:

1. Conductor. transfer of heat from a place of higher temperature to a place of a lower temperature.
Latent heat: 2. Convection. transfer of heat by motion of the particle of the heated substance itself.
3. Radiation. process of transmitting rays of heat by passing through air.
Latent heat of vaporization. liquid to gas and vice-versa.
Common heat distribution system:
Latent heat of fusion. liquid to solid and vice versa. 1. Burner/boiler. source of heating.

Heat and work: Common methods of distributing heat:

1. Forced circulation of warm air.
Thermodynamics. heat to work or work to heat. 2. Hot water.

Mechanical equivalent. 1 BTU to 778 feet-pounds. Latent heat. heat due to changing state of that substance.

Machine room. consist of refrigeration plants that chills water that is circulated to one or handling units. Latent heat of evaporation. change is from liquid to gaseous state.

Vapor lock. the formation of vapor in a pipe carrying liquids which prevents normal fluid flow due to wrong Latent heat of fusion. change is from solid to the liquid/liquid to the solid state.
application of freon gas.
Acoustics: the science of sound, including the generation, transmission, and effect of sound waves. 3
Humidifier. a device used for moistening air to a desired degree. elements:
1. Sound source: desirable and undesirable.
Cold packet. usually refer to as the drafts in air condition. 2. Path. transmission of sound.
3. Receiver.
Flue. it is the byproduct of combustion.
Sound:
Conductivity. defined as the number of BTUH that flow through one squar foot of materiaL one inch thick 1. Objective: flunctuation in pressure, a particle displacement in an elastic medium like air.
when the temperature drop through the material under conditions of steady heat flow is one degree 2. Subjective: auditory sensation evoked by the physical fluctuation.
Fahrenheit.
Parts of sound:
Enthalpy. the total heat in the mixture measured above zero degree Fahrenheit, including the latent heat 1. Frequency.
of water vapor. 2. Velocity.
3. Wavelength.
Plenum. an air conditioning compartment maintained under a pressure slightly above atmospheric and
connected to one or more distribution duets. Frequency. Pressure fluctuation per second; rate of repetition of a periodic phenomenon (determines the
pitch of a sound); number of displacement or ascillations that a particle undergoes in one second; unit of
Incinerator. a furnace for consuming waste by fire. frequency: Hertz = cps (cycle per second); the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch; normal ear
responds to sounds within the audio frequency range of about 20 to 20,000 hertz. Multitudes of frequency
Pressure regulator. instrument sensitive to change in pressure. (components):
1. Low.
Parts of a package type air cond: 2. Medium.

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3. High. Absorption. sound energy being absorbed.

C P S. cycle per second, frequency per second. The best sound absorber is people.

Focusing. concave dome sound reflection. Generation. is the source of sound.

Foci. sound foci, focusing. Creep. sound reflected from a curved surface.

Wavelength. the distance a sound wave travels during each complete cycle of vibration; the distance Focusing. occurs when sound waves are reflected from concave surfaces and build up.
between layers of compression; wavelength = speed of sound / frequency (f/m).
Attenuation factor. used to describe the room to room noise reduction of a particular construction.
Characteristics of sound:
Cycle. full circuit by the particle. Impact transmission. what happens when a structure is in direct contact with a vibrating source or is
Amplitude. maximum displacement of a particle to either side of its normal position during vibration. struck by an impulsive force.
Pure tone. one enrgy, one frequency; simplest kind of sound because it is composed entirely of a single
frequency. Materials can be absorptive or reflective.
Musical tone. combination of many pure tones.
Velocity. sound travels at a velocity that depends primarily on the elasticity and density of the medium. Fire safety:
1. Fire and smoke proof passages.
Magnitudes of sound: 2. Standpipe locations.
1. Sound power. (w) sound power in watts. 3. Accessibility for the disabled.
2. Sound intensity. power radiated in a specified direction through unit area normal to this direction.
3. Sound pressure. variation from normal atmosphere pressure. Mechnical equipments:
4. Decibel. unit of sound (in terms of magnitude); a dimensionless unit for expressing the ratio of 2
numerical values on a logarithmic scale. Absorber. device containing for refrigerant vapor/vapors.
5. Sabin, sabine. sound absorption unit as called in honor of a pioneer in architectural acoustics; unit of
sound in the term of reverberation. Acceleration. the derivative of velocity with time.

Flutter. buzzing or clicking sound; rapid succession of reflected soundwaves resulting from a single initial Accumulation:
sound pulse. Surge drum. a storage chamber for low-side liquid refrigerant.
Surge header. a pressure vessel whose volume is used as a refrigerant circuit to reduce
Diffusion. ray diagramming; reflected sound from convex surfaces; Sound level is everywhere the same. pulsation.

Echo. reflected sound; a sound wave reflected or otherwise returned with sufficient magnitude and delay Aeration. exposing a substance, or area to air circulation.
so as to be perceived as a sound distinct from the directly transmitted sound.
Air-conditioning. the process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity,
Reflection. the reflection of sound from a surface. cleanliness, distribution, to meet the requirements of the conditioned space.

Background noise. Barometer. instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure.

Masking noise (acoustic perfume). Boiler. a closed vessel in which a liquid is heated or vaporized.

Noise. unwanted sound. Boiling point. the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the absolute external
pressure at the liquid vapor interface.
Decay time. reverberation time.
Calorimeter. device for measuring quality of steam or other vapor.
Reverberation. Prolonged sound; persistaence of sound after the source has stopped; due to repeated
reflections of the sound remaining between the enclosing surface. Coil. a cooling/heating element made of pipe or tubing.

Structural noise. structural borne transmission. Condenser. a vessel or arrangement of pipe or tubing in which vapor is liquified by removal of heat.

Air borne noise. air borne transmission. Convection. transfer of heat by movement of fluid.

644051417.doc
Cold pockets. draughts/drafts in air condition.
Duct. tube or channel through which air is conveyed or moved.
Damper. a device used to vary the volume of air passing through an air outlet, inlet, or duct.
Desicant. any absorbent/absorber, liquid or solid that will remove water vapor from a material.
Engine. device for transforming fuel or heat energy into mechanical energy.
Generator. basic part of absortion systems; provided with means of heating used to drive refrigerant out
of solution.
Filter. a device to remove solid material from a fluid.
Heat. the form of energy that is transformed by virtue of a temperature difference.
Horse power. unit of a power in foot-pound-second system, work done at the rate of 550 feet pound per
second or 33,000 feet pound per minute.
Hooper. an inverted funnel leading into a ventilating flue.
Humidity. water vapor within a given space.
Induction. the entrainment of room air by the jet action of a primary air stream discharging from an air
outlet.
Appliance. a utilization equipment, generally industrial, built-in, standard form and size, installed as a unit
to perform one or more function. (such as washing, cooking, mixing, etceteras).
Askarel. a synthetic non-flammable insulating liquid, which when decomposed by electric arc, evolves
only non-flammable gaseous mixture.
Branch circuit. is that portion of a wiring system extending beyond the final overcurrent device protecting
the circuit. Types:
1. Appliance. only for appliances.
2. General purpose. for appliances and lights.
3. Individual. for one equipment only.
Building. a solitary structure that stands alone from other structures divided by open space or by fire
walls.
Circuit breaker. a device to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means, and to open the circuit
automatically or a predetermined overload of current, without injury to itself when properly applied to its
rating.
Concealed. rendered in accessible by the structure or finish of the building wires in concealed raceways
are considered concealed even though they may become accessible by withdrawing them.
Connector, pressure. (solderless) a pressure wire connector is a device which establishes the
connection between 2 or more conductors or between 1 or more conductors and a terminal by means of
mechanical pressure and without the use of solder.
Continuous load. a load where the maximum current is expected to continue for 3 hours or more.
Controller. a device/devices, which serves to govern in a predetermined manner, the electric power
delivered to the apparatus to which it is connected.
Demand factor. is the ratio of the maximum demand of the system, or part of a system under
consideration.
Disconnecting means. a device or group od devices, or other means of which the conductor of a circuit
can be disconnected from their source of supply.
Duty, continuous. intermittent duty is a requirement of service that demands operation for alternate
intervals of:
1. Load and no load.
2. Load and rest.
3. Load, no load, and rest.
Exposed. not concealed, a live part can be inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe
distance by a person. It is applied to parts not suitable guarded, isolated or insulated.
Feeder. is the circuit conductors between the service equipment and the branch circuit overcurrent
device.
Ground. a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, between and electrical circuit or
equipment and earth, or some conducting body which serves in place of the earth.
Grounded. connected to the earth.
Hoistway. any shaftway, hatchway, weel hole, or other vertical opening or space.
Impedence. comprised of resistance and reactance causes a phase difference between voltage and
current.
Lighting outlet. an outlet intended for the direct connection of a lampholder, a lighting fixture, or a pendant
and terminating in a lampholder.
Location. 3 types:
1. Damp.
2. Dry.
3. Wet.
Multi-outlet assembly. a type of surface or flush raceway designed to hold conductors and attachments
plug receptacles, assembled in the field or at the factory.
Outlet. a point on the wiring system at which is taken to supply utilization equipment.
Panelboard. a single or group of panels unit designed for assembly in the form of a single panel.
Raceway. any channel for holding wires, cables, or busboxes. Maybe of metal conduit, rigid, non-
metallic, flexible metallic tubing, cellular concrete/metal flow raceways.
Junction box. source of supply to an appliance lighting, source of power, etceteras.
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Receptacle (C O). is a contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment to a FD. floor drain.
flexible cord. CB. catch basin.
CISP, DH. cast iron soil pipe, double hub.
Receptacle outlet. an outlet where one or more receptacles are installed. CISP, SH. cast iron soil pipe, single hub.
Duplex convinient outlet, F M.
Terms for transformer to water heater: Duplex cinvenient outlet, S M.
D C O, WP. duplex convenient outlet, weather proof.
Service. the conductors and equipment for delivering energy from the electricity supply system to the VSTR. vent stack through roof.
wiring system of the premise supplied. PVC. plasticized polyvinyl chloride.
PS. product safety.
Service cable. is the service conductors made up in the form of a cable. GIP. galvanized iron pipe, grade 30 minimum.
ASTM. American system testing material.
Service conductors. the supply conductors which extend from the street main, or from transformers to the FM. floor mounted or flush mounted.
service equipment of the premises supplied. SM. surface mounted.
PVC. Polyvinyl chloride.
Service drop. the overhead service conductor between the last pole or other aerial support, to and CISP. cast iron soil pipe.
including the splicer (if any), to the service entrance conductors at the building/structure. RMP. registered master plumber.
NAMPAP.
Service entrance conductors. 2 types: CLFS. Chief of the local fire service.
1. Overhead system. CAA. civil aeronautic administration (height clearance in airports).
2. Underground system. PPA. Philippine ports authority.
NPCC. National pollution control commission.
Service lateral. the underground service conductors between the main street. RSC. Rigid steel conduit.
Ckt. circuit.
Switchboard. a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels, on which are mounted, on the face or KVA. Kilovolt per ampere.
back or both, switches, overcurrent, and other protective devices, buses, and usually instruments. KWA. Kilowatt per ampere.
PEE. Professional electrical engineer.
Thermal cut-out. an overcurrent protective device which contains a heater element in addition to and IIEE. Institute of intigrated electrical engineer.
affecting a renewable fusible member whichs opens the circuit. It is not designed to interrupt short circuit BTU. British thermal unit.
currents. PME. Professional mechanical engineer.
PSME.
Ampere. unit of current when 6.251 Ao8 electrons pass a given cross section in one second. RHW. Moisture and heat resistant rubber.
T. Thermoplastic.
Volt. unit of electrical potential. TW. Moisture resistant thermoplastic.
THW. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic.
OHM. unit of resistance due to friction in the conductor for direct current (DC), unit of impedance due to THHN. Heat resistant thermoplastic.
friction in the conductor for alternating current circuit (A C). THWN. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic.
XHHN. Moisture and heat resistant cross-linked thermosetting polythylene.
Electric circuit. as a complete conducting current from one source of electricity to and through some SA. Silicone-asbestos.
electrical device and back to the source. AVA. Asbestos and varnish Cambric.

Direct current (DC). when flow of electric current takes place at constant time rate. Brand names:

Alternating current (A C). when the flow of current is periodically varying in time rate and in direction. PVC:
Atlanta.
Pulsating current (PC or RC). when alternating current is rectified or change to direct current. Emerald.
Moldex.
Series curcuit. all separate parts of the circuit carry the same current. Neltex.
Standard.
Parallel circuit. when more than one branch of a circuit is connected between the same 2 points. RSC:
Matchusita.
Abbreviations: Triangle.
DS. downspout. Korea.

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 Pusan. Westinghouse.
IMC: Goldstar.
Matchusita. Hitachi.
Maruichi. Mitsubishi.
Nippon. Air Conditioner:
Setsuyu. Fedders.
EXT: Westinghouse.
Maruichi. Carrier.
Matchusita. Condura.
Junction box: Allen air.
Sun bright. National Panasonic.
Timco. Daikin.
Rheostat (beamer): Amona.
G E. Water heater:
Ever. National.
Circuit breaker/panels/control: Westinghouse.
Ever. Sprinkler heads:
Fujihiya. Globe.
Westinghouse. Fire alarm:
Wire: Nohmi Bosai.
Columbia. Galvanized iron:
Phelt dodge. Goodyear.
Duraplex. Super.
Generator set: Apo.
G E. Meayer.
Westinghouse. Little giant.
Asia Brown Boviry. Cast iron:
Transformer: Dong tek.
Philec. Asa.
G E. Silva.
Westinghouse. Plumbing fixture:
Lighting fixture: Saniwares.
G E. American Standard.
Philips. Kolher.
National. Briggs.
Switches/C O: Plumbing accessories:
National. Gerber.
Veto. Zuechetti.
Ever. Great volume.
Rectifier: Clean outs:
National panasonic. Metma.
Elevator: Asa.
Fuji. U S.P.
Hundai. Valves and controls:
Otis. Great volume.
Kone. Crane.
Goldstar. Kitz.
Westinghouse. Clayton.
Hitachi. Keystone.
Mitsubishi. Toyo.
O & K.
Escalator: Symbols:
Otis.

644051417.doc
Ceiling receptacle: Heavy duty outlet:
C O wall outlet: Duplex C O split wire:
Vertical lines-wall. Special purpose:
Horizontal lines-terminal. Floor outlet:
Ceiling outlet incandescent lamp: Radio C O:
Fan outlet: TV C O:
Flourescent: Floor outlet:
Suspended lamp: Lamp holder with pull switch:
Heavy duty: Vapor discharge lamp (ceiling):
Pinlight: Flourescent lamp:
Eyeball pinlight: Outlet with blank cover:
Flood light: Junction box:
Circuit line for lights: Special purpose outlet:
Circuit line for C O: Range outlet:
Master switch:
Range, ref, freezer, air con, water heater: Switch outlets:
Washing machine: S/S: single pole/togle switch.
OKT (2 wire OKT): S1,2: double gang light switch.
OKT (3 wire OKT raceway): S1,2,3: three gang light switch.
Switch: S1. 2SW: two way switch.
a. S2W. 2 way. 3SW: three way switch.
b. S3W. 3 way. SD: automatic door switch.
c. S4W. 4 way. SWD: weather proof switch.
Bell: Sp: switch and pilot light.
Sf: fused switch.
General outlets: SWf: weather fused switch.
SCB: circuit breaker.
Outlet: SwcB: weather switch.
Electrical outlet: S. Single pole switch.
Wall clock: S2. double pole switch.
Fan outlet: S3. 3 pole switch.
Outlet for vapor discharge lamp: S4. 4 pole switch.
Exit light outlet: SD. Automatic door switch.
Ceiling fan outlet: SE. Electrolier switch.
Junction box: SK. 4. 4 pole switch.
Pull switch: SD. Automatic door switch.
Lamp holder: SE. Electrolier switch.
Lamp holder with full switch: SK. Key Operated Switch.
Drop-chord equipped. SP. Switch and Pilot Lamp.
Blanked outlet: SCB. Circuit Breaker.
Universal outlet: SWCB. Weatherproof Circuit Breaker.
Incandescent light outlet: SMC. Momentary Contact Switch.
Flourescent light outlet: SRC. Remote Control Switch.
Telephone outlet: SWP. WEatherproof Switch.
SF. Fused Switch.
Convenience outlets: SWF. Weatherproof Fused Switch.

Duplex C O: Auxilliary systems:

Water proof convenience outlet:
Weather proof C O: Push button:
Weather proof duplex C O: Smoke fire alarm:
Switch and duplex outlet: Buzzer bell:
Range outlet: Bell:

644051417.doc
Annunciator: Underfloor duct and junction box:
Outside telephone: International access symbol for telephone:
Interconnecting telephone: International access symbol for elevator:
Telephone switchboard: Lightning Panel:
Telephone outlet: Power Panel:
Bell-ringer transformer: Branch Circuit; Concealed in Ceiling or Wall:
Maid's single plug: Branch Circuit; Concealed in Floor:
Interconnection box: Branch Circuit; Exposed:
Battery: Home Run to Panel Board. Indicate number of Circuits by number of arrows:
Motor: Feeders:
Main connecting switch: Underfloor Duct and Junction Box. Triple System:
Electric door opener: Generator:
Surge arrester: Motor:
Lightning arrester: Instrument:
Ground: Power Transformer:
Fuse cutout: Controller:
Push Button: Isolating Switch:
Duzzer:
Bell: Plumbing:
Annunciator:
Outside Telephone: Gate valve (screwed type):
Interconnecting Telephone: Globe valve (screwed type):
Telephone Switchboard: Angle globe valve plan and elevation:
Bell Ringing Transformer: Float valve:
Electric Door Opener: Union screwed:
Fire Alarm Bell: High pressure steam in heating and ventilating piping:
Fire Alarm Station: Thermostat:
City Fire Alarm Station: Refrigerator:
Fire Alarm Central Station: Heating and ventilating symbol for condenser water flow:
Automatic Fire Alarm Device:
Watchman's Station: Draw:
Watchman's Central Station:
Horn: Switch with cover:
Nurse's Signal Plug:
Maid's Signal Plug: Convenience outlet:
Radio Outlet:
Signal Central Station: G I elbow:
Interconnection Box:
Battery: G I street elbow:
Auxiliary System Circuits:
G I union:
Panels, circuit, and miscellaneous:
Cross section of a check valve:
Lighting panel board:
Power panel: Cross section of a foot valve:
Pull box:
Controller: Float valve (side view):
Transformer:
Weatherproof service entrance: Angle valve showing a supply pipe to the water tank of a water closet (cross section):
Electric motor:
Circuit homerun: G I waterplug:
Service entrance:
Water pump outlet: G I water pipe cap:

644051417.doc
Pantry sink goose neck faucet H & C: Sheet metal screw:

1/2 inch diameter by 2 inches G I close nipple: Countersunk rivet:

Hose bibb: Turnbuckle, stub ends:

Siamese connection to a dry standpipe: Profile of a recessed type swimming pool gutter:

Diagram of a fire hose rack to a dry standpipe connection, identify and label fitting: Plan of turnstile, rigid arm type traffic control:

Typical connection of a 1/2 inch diameter RSC to a metal utility box, label connectors: Cartidge fuse, knife blade contact:

1/2 inch diameter P V C elbow (for conduits): Plug fuse:

Porcelain split knob with wood screw (x-section): R S C locknut and bushing, show how it is used:

Ceiling light receptacle, S M (x-section showing electrical wire in mica tube): 4 inches by 4 inches octagonal utility box with 1/2 inch diameter K O:

Ceiling light receptacle, F M (x-section showing utility box): Armored cable, 3w:

Duplex convenience outlet, S M: 110 millimeters diameter soil pipe, S H:

2 gang toggle switch, F M: 110 millimeter diameter 1/4 bend, D H, sanitary pipe fitting:

Duplex convenience outlet, F M/W P: 110 millimeter diameter 1/4 inch bend. sanitary pipe fitting:

110 millimeters diameter C I soil pipe, D H: 110 millimeter by 90 millimeters double wye; reducer:

50 millimeters diameter C I soil pipe, S H: 2 inches by 1 and a half diameter tap tee:

Cross-section of a typical R C catch basin showing 75 millimeters diameter P V C D S and 110 millimeter
diameter P V C outlets (sewer pipes):
Typical sprinkler head of quartzoid bulbs:
110 millimeters diameter 45 degree bend, S P branch:
110 millimeter diameter by 110 millimeter diameter branch single wye 45 degree:
110 millimeter diameter by 75 millimeter diameter branch single 45 degree (wye reducer):
1/2 inch diameter G I union patente:
3/4 inch diameter by 1/2 inch diameter G I coupling reducer:
110 millimeter diameter clean out, C I S P fitting:
50 millimeter diameter u-trap, P V C soil pipe fitting:
Sectional diagram of a dry standpipe with siamese connection at ground floor and with fire hose
attachment in upper floors up to 5th floor:

2 inches by 4 inches utility box with 1 and a half diameter K O: V T R using C I S P as vent pipe, roofing is of corrugated G I sheet on wood purlins/rafters. show
waterproofing:
Entrance cap, 3w:
Connection of service wires to R C column.
L B condulets:
Connection of hot and cold waterlines:
Pigtail, electrical socket:
Acoustic ceiling:
3 spool electrical post bracket:
Acoustic wall:
Flat head wood screw:

644051417.doc
Carpet connection to floor:
Button head cap screw:
Oval sink:
Olive knuckle butt hinge:
Escutheon:
Cabin hook:
20 millimeter diameter female threaded adaptor UPVC water pipe fitting:
Septic vault for 4 br residence for 10 people:
Carriage bolt:
Draw a toilet and bathroom with WC, shower bath, lavatory, and floor drain with plumbing lines in plan and
Lag bolt: isometric:

Grease trap: Elevator:

H & B connection with rubber ring: Escalator:

Turnbuckle with hook and eye ends: Standard water closet:

Oval head wood screw: Gate valve:

Oval head stove bolt: Globe valve:

Siamese connection, triple roof manifold: Single pole single throw switch:

Concealed siamese and wall hydrant (show face only): @ pole single throw switch.

Condulet: 3 pole and solid neutral switch (3P & SN):

Catridge fuse ferrule contact: Single pole double throw switch.

Hair pin cold cathode lamp/tube: Single pole double throw with center off position (in control work called a hand off automatic switch):

Connection of water line from main to house: Use of 2 single pole double throw (3 way) swithc for switching of a lighting circuit from 2 locations:

Connection from main to water service meter with saddle clamp: B.E.:

Male threaded adaptor: The National Electric code is concerned with safety electrical installation only and is not intended as
design specifications nor an instruction manual for untrained persons.
20 millimeter diameter end pipe:
An ordinary flashlight dry-cell battery will, if fresh, develop only approximately 3 1/2 to 1.5 volts.
32 millimeter diameter by 25 millimeter diameter socket reducer:
The amount of electrical current in amperes depends on the number of electrons flowing fast a given point
G I nipple 5 inches long: in one second.

G I coupling: The constant speed in electricity at which power flows, is the same as the speed of light, or 186,000 miles
per second.
G I tee reducer:
It is a known fact that the greater the current in a wire, the greater the voltage drop and the greater the
1/4 bend elbow D H: power loss in the form of heat.

Machine bolt: The septic tank is a device to expedite the decomposition.

2 inches C W nail:

644051417.doc
The material most commonly used for waste, soil, and vent installation in plumbing system is the black
iron. Vitrified clay pipe. the kind of plumbing pipe generally used for sewers and drains.

Acid resistance pipe usually is an alloy of black iron and sulphur. Chlorine. a chemical injected to neutralize the objectionable bacteria as an added procaution against
water pollution.
The gases which occurs in public sewage system is caused by the decomposition of organic material
within the sewer itself. Gases formed in the septic tank are discharged into the atmosphere by means of ventilation.

It is not permissible to discharge large volume of storm water into a septic tank. A dry well is sometimes called seepage pit.

Flourescent lamps can also operate even if the voltage is considerably below their rated voltage. Filter trench. best adapted for disposal and treatment of effluent in clay soil where natural drainage
terminal is available.
Carbon Monoxide. Fire extinguishment.
Trickle. The most efficient system used extensively for secondary treatment of sewer.
Guy. Tension wire.
Dry well. A hole in the ground curbed with stone or brick laid in such a manner as to allow raw
Rubber. Insulating material. contaminated sewage to leach into the soil.

Damper. Valve for controling air flow. Anaerobic bacteria survives only in places that lack oxygen.

Silver. Best conductor of electricity. Cast iron pipe is manufactured in length of 5 feet.

Bidet. Plumbing fixtures. Cast iron pipe is joined by caulking made of oakum.

Air conditioning. Freon gas. Static pressure. the pressure exerted by water at rest.

Conduit. PVC. Aeration. A process which consists of spraying water into the atmosphere through jets.

Trap. Plumbing device. Globe valves. valves that are best suited to main supply lines for which operation is infrequent.

Decibel. Sound energy. Centrifugal pump. pump most commonly used for the elevation of wastes in modern building.

Parallel. Electrical wiring connection. Number 14. minimum size of conductor allowed for housing wiring.

BX. Armored cable. Caulking. a term for plugging an opening with oakum and lead that are pounded into place.

Grille. Air conditioning part. The quality of light is measured in terms of Lumens.
Vent pipe is a pipe provided to ventilate a house drainage system and to prevent the trap siphonage from
Ferrous Bicarbonate. Iron found in water. other fixtures to the house drain; is that portion of the drainage installation designed to maintain
atmospheric pressure, and prevent trap seal loss.
Algae. Odor in water.
Conduit pipe used for electrical installations are commonly manufactured in length of 10 feet.
Frank Lloyd Wright. Architect of Imperial hotel, Tokyo.
Siphonage is caused by plus pressure, responsible for trap seal loss.
Yamasaki. Architect of the world trade center.
Soil pipe is that portion of the plumbing system which receives the discharge of water closets with or
Alvar Aalto. Architect of Baker Dormitory, Boston. without additional drain.

PVDC. Plastic pipe. Water closet is a plumbing fixture used to convey organic body waste to the plumbing system.

Hydrostat. contol device sensitive to the degree of moisture in the air; Control moisture in air. Atoms are particles made up principally of electrons and protons.

Candle power. unit of illumination. Traps is a device in plumbing system constructed to prevent the passage of sewer air.

644051417.doc

Radiant heating is the loss of heat by means of warmed partition panels or floors in rooms.
The flow of current in electrical circuit is impeded by resistance which is the electrical term for friction.
Hydropneumatic tank is used to store air under pressure and reduce the frequency of starting and
stopping the pumps.
Ammeter is a device or instrument by which the electric power maybe measured.
Relay is a device that uses electrical energy to amplify or control the thermostat.
G I pipes are manufactured in the length of 20 feet.
Check valves is a device that prevent backflow of water.
Generator. machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Creep. reflection of sound from a curved surface.
Freon in air conditioning must be compressed and liquified in order to absorb heat.
Echo. sound waves reflected with such magnitude and delay.
Rotary converter. device used to transform alternating current to direct current.
Continuity of an electrical circuit can conveniently be determined in the field by means of a bell and
battery set.
Basement. portion of a hoistway extending from the threshold level of the lowest landing door to the floor
at the bottom of the hoistway.
Counterweight. in a theater stagehouse, a weight used to balance suspended scenery or the like.
Air-motor. air operated device used to open or close a damper or valve.
Wattmeter. device to measure electric power.
Safety switch. protects equipment and appliances in case of current fluctuation.
Volt. electric pressure measurement.
Thermostat. device sensitive to change in temperature.
Pressure gauge. water pressure instrument.
Mica. material which can best withstand high electricity.
Slate. poorest conductor of electricity.
The flow of electricity is measured in ampere.
Surface water produces insolubility in soaps and incrustation of pipes, while ground water possess
opposite characteristics.
Rain water is adapted for washing but not for drinking.
PVC pipes should not be specified for water from a deep well carrying an appreciable amount of lime.
When the downfeed system of water supply is employed in a multi-story building, flush valve W C and
urinals can be installed in all floors.
Advances and modern technics in the manufacture of PVC pipes noe permits its use for hot and cold
water supply systems.
One of the causes of failure of water test in sanitary installations is thye presence of pinholes in the walls
of a cast iron pipes used in the system.
Tee fittings should only be used for vent stacks.
Double hub fittings are principally used to reverse the position of the hub of a cast iron pipe.
House drain should have a minimum slope of 20 millimeters for every meter and should be connected to
the house sewer of the same size.
Shower bath is a plumbing fixture.
4 advantages of concealed wire over open wire types:
4 favoring factors for using fliament over flourescent lamp lighting:
4 disavantages of PVC compared to metallic conduit pipes:
4 electrical equipments that requires independent circuits:
The velocity of sound waves depends on the elasticity and density of its medium. they travel fast in steel.
Common material that has the least coefficient for sound absorption is metal.
In a room with concave walls, the reflected sound will produce echo.
A vital consideration in securing good acoustics in a room is shape of the room.
Automatic sprinkler systems operate under a control of electrical process.
A coil of electric wire is called a solenoid.
Semi-direct lighting units are appropriately used for classrooms.
Indirect lighting units are appropriately used for offices.
The density of the luminous flux on a surface is lumen.
The reflection of light is influenced by the color as well as the smoothness of the surface, pink is the color
that reflects more light.
644051417.doc
Lumen meter. instrument that indicates light intensity in foot candles. Absorption. diffusion of sound.

Clay tiles. roof covering material that allows the least flow of heat through the roof due to solar radiation. Distortion. resonance in sound.

Air conditioning. modern method of controlling various factors in order to obtain indoor conditions Vibrations. characteristic of sound.
satisfying human comforts and health.
In the installation of a gate valve, either end may be used as inlet.
The split type of air conditioning is best suited for theaters.
Pipe fitting may be of different material is the pipe.
The sides of A C rectangular ducts should not have a greater ratio of widths than 4 to 1.
MWSS requires its commodity users to install water meters in order to identify illegal users.
Elevators in building are subject to the registration and inspection by the office of chief of fire department.
Other public water supply, the MWSS is also involved in limited piped sewer collection.
Escalators are appropriate for department store type of establishment.
Mixing valve is a supply fitting which maintains water at a desired temperature.
Freight elevators are normally required for airports.
T fitting should never be used with pipes carrying sewage.
For elevators, the balance weight of the car usually equals the weight of the car plus 40 percent of the car
capacity. No vent stack or branch should have a diameter of less than 1/2 that of the soil or waste stack served.

The landing zone for an automatic type of elevator car is 200 millimeters above and below a landing. No stack serving a water closet shaould have less than 100 millimeter diameter.

Cable. Major part of elevator. Windows. most satisfactory air outlet for natural ventilation.

Rheostat. controls speed of motor. Saturation. amount of water vapor with a given amount of air.

Safety. codes, ordinances and standards. In a centralized air-conditioning system, air that should not be criculated are those coming from kitchen.

M G set. part of elevator machines. In hospital air-conditioning, separate units should be provided for operating room.

Damper. regulates supply of air. The direct expansion system system of air-conditioning is best suited for theaters.

Baffles. directs the flow of air. A ray of light is reflected in one definite direction when it strikes a surface lined with aluminum.

Thermometer. responds to change of temperature. In school buildings, the room that requires magnitude of illumination is the gymnasium.

Filters. electronic or mechanical. Freedom from variation in degree of illumination in a room means diffusion.
Mechanical. ventilation for toilets. Uniformity of distribution, color, quality and case of control of light distribution are some points in favor of
flourescent lamps.
Candle power. Light unit intensity.
Special installation requirements for sprinkler system includes sloping water proof floors with floor drains.
Lumens. light unit quantity.
Automatic sprinkler systems are installed in buildings that has low water pressure.
Filament lamp. direct lighting.
Vertical pipes extending from the basement to the top floor with outlets for attachment of fire hose in every
Flourescent lamp. indirect lighting. floor is called stand pipe.

Thermostat. determines moisture content of air. Elevators may be classified according to several schemes and one of them is car capacity.

Loudness. transmission in sound. Escalators are best suited and installed mostly in stores.

Reverberation. reflection of sound. A major part in any elevator installation is the pit.

644051417.doc
When the source of sound in a room has ceased, the effect of the sound will continue, such lingering Dry well. same as cesspool.
sound is called reverberation.
Faucet. also called bibb or cock.
In an auditorium, the best sound absorber are the audience.
Pressure releif damper. a valve to discharge excess pressure in excess of a preset limit.
Time of reverberation is less in a room that is with convex walls.
Shower head. in a shower bath, a device through which water is sprayed.
On striking walls, sound waves are reflected and part of the energy is converted to heat and is thus
absorbed. Nipple/coupling. a short length of pipe with threads at each ends.

Knobs and tubes. open wiring installation. Tapped tee. a bell end tee which has a branch that is tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fitting.

Locknut and bushing. metal conduit installation. Sump pump. a pumping device used to lift sewage to a higher elevation.

Adaptors. PVC conduit installation. Pipe chase. a continous recess built into a wall to receive pipes, ducts, etceteras.

Fuses. renewable or one time. Soil stack. a vertical soil pipe carrying the discharge from toilet fixtures.

Selonoid. coil of electric wires. Trap. a device to maintain a water seal against sewer gases, air and odors.

Underground. service entrance. Water hammer. a loud thumping noise that results from a sudden stoppage of flow.

110 to 220 volt. 3 wire service drop. Spigot. the end of a pipe that fits into a bell.

Electrical code. safety. Roughing in. installating the concealed portion of a plumbing system to the point of connection for the
fixtures.
Tungsten filament. incandescent lamp.
Rain leader conductor. same as downspout.
Ammeter. measures high insulation resistance.
Water meter. a device for measuring water volume.
Volatage regulator. limits surge voltage on equipments.
Check valve. permits passage of water in one direction only.
Intercom. master and slave station.
Circuit. a continouse electrical path.
Motor generator. alternator.
Current. unit of measurements is in amperes.
Utiltity box. for mounting light switches.
Junction box. for mounting light outlet. Resistance. measured in Ohms.
Horsepower. equal to 746 watts.
Generator. charges storage batteries.
Junction box. location of splices, connections and taps.
Short circuit. cause fire or dangerous explosion.
110 to 220 volt. voltage between given conductor and any other conductor in the circuit.
Insulation. non-conducting material.
Service drop. Wire from Meralco pole to building attachment.
Clean out. a pipe fitting for cleaning pipe runs.
Service entrance. wire from entrance cap to main switch.
Flush valves. a flush tank attached to a toilet bowl.
Air conditioner. required independent circuit.
Corporation cock. a vlaved placed near junction with public water main.
Storage battery. produces d-c current.
Waste pipe. pipe use for carrying waste or storm water.

644051417.doc
Pull box. for pulling of conductors in raceways.
Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing installation for issuance of permit; is a
Power factor. A C power (watt) / voltage times amperes registered with the PRC is the duly authorized person to undertake the plumbing installation work of a
building project.
Lightning rod. protects building from lightning.
Teflon tape. a nwe product used to ensure water tightness in joints of G I pipes.
Lightning arrester. Protects wiring from lightning.
National plumbing code. government rules and regulations enforced to ensure that plumbing installation
Voltage drop. the difference in emf between 2 points in an electrical circuit. conform with the demands of hygiene and comfort.

Water pipe. where system grounding is connected to.
Resistor. controls current flow in an electrical circuit.
Switch. a device to open or close an electrical circuit.
Bell/hub. the portion of a pipe which is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the same diameter
for the purpose of making a joint.
Overhead. system of water supply is when water to different fixtures branches is supplied by gravity from
an elevated tank.

Cut-out box. contains fuses for electrical circuits. Tap. a connection to a water supply main.

A furnished room has better acoustics than a barren one. Ball cock. a float valve with spherical float.

Automatic sprinkler system operates under a control of electrical process. Couplings. a short internally threaded section of pipe used to joint 2 pipes.

Sound travels faster in air than in steel or water. Effluent. a liquid which is discharged as waste especially the discharge from a septic tank.

Humidity is water vapor within a given space or environment.
The ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of a reference material is called specific gravity.
Unit air conditioners when installed under windows are generally satisfactory.
Lighting is considered as a supplement to the architectural design that adds to its decorative aspect.
Static head/pressure head. the pressure equivalent to that exerted by a column of water of a given
height.
Union. a pipe fitting used to cinnect the ends of 2 pipes, neither of which can be turned.
Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an exciting stream of water commonly used for sink
faucet.

The lumen output and life of the flourescent lamp is about twice that of a filament lamp. Kilowatt. equivalent to 1.34 horsepower.

In the lighting design of dwelling, ceiling outlets can be largely omitted and wall outlets and baseboard Water heater. requires a low voltage transformer.
receptacles installed instead.
Grounding system. Protects life property from damage.
The design of the electrical and mechanical systems required in a building is part of an architect's
professional service. Door bell. a susidiary electric circuit.

Double hub. pipes or fittings that are principally used to reverse the position of the hub of a soil pipe. Capacitator. charges storage batteries.
Conduit. protects electrical wiring.
Vent. provides the air circulation necessary to the efficient functioning of a plumbing system.
Cycle. the flow of current fluctuates in positive and negative loops.
Tee fitting. fittings should never be used with pipes carrying sewage but may be used with vent pipes.
Direct current. flows in one direction only.
Reducer. are fittings used to connect pipes of different sizes in the same line.
Resistor. controls the flow of current in electric curcuit.
Angle valve. are used to control water supply to water closet and lavatory fixtures.
Rheostat controls intensity of current flow.
Copper/brass. tubes that are determined by its outside diameter measurements.
Conductor. offers low resistance to the flow of electrical current.
Mixing valve. a water supply fitting which maintains water at a desired temperature.

644051417.doc
Electrical resistance. reciprocal of electrical conductance.
Clean out. used for lavatory drain connection.
Short circuit. high current flow caused by an abnormal connection in an electrical circuit.
Manhole. for inspection and cleaning of pipe runs.
Series circuit. power passes through all the devices connected completing its path to the source of
supply. Sewer. a pipe for carrying liquid waste.

Relay. stores electric charge. Siphonage. suction caused by liquid flow.

Toggle switch. lever actuated. Smoke test. to detect leaks in piping work.

Circular mil. used to express cross-sectional area of electrical conductor. Floor drain. appurtenant to a sewer.

Air conditioner. requires independent brancg circuit. Trap. a water seal against sewer gases, air and odor.

Riser. for distribution of electrical power to electric panels on the different floors of a building. Vent stack. prevents water seals of traps from being broken by siphonage.

General lighting in offices and factories is done almost entirely with flourescent lamps because they are Water table. ground water level.
most economical to operate than incandescent lamps.
Incrustation. affects the flow of water in pipes.
To prevent damage resulting from high currents caused by lightning stroke, lightning arresters are used
on structures of buildings. Ammeter. an instrument for measuring the rate of flow of electricity usually expressed in amperes.

A portable instrument called an illuminometer indicates directly in foot candles the intensity of light falling
upon a surface.
Sound absorption is the process of dissipating sound energy by converting it to heat.waves travel much
faster in air than in steel.
In elevator installation, the counterweight prevents the falling down of the elevator car.
The machine room in elevator intallations may be placed on top of the shaft or in the basement.
Conductance. a measure of the ability of a material to conduct electric current.
Annunciator. a signalling device usually electrically operated giving an audible signal and a visual
indication when energized by pressing a button.
Rheostat. a device used in an electric circuit to control the flow of current.
Professional electrical engineer. signs and seal the electrical plans when the electrical works exceeds 5
kilowatts load as per philippine electrical code.

A thermostat is an instrument which responds to changes in temperature and directly or indirectly controls Utility box. a box for mounting air conditioning outlet.
temperature.
60 hertz. the frequency of the electric power generated in Metro Manila.
Air handling units provide for the treatment of air before it is distributed to an air conditioned space.
Diffuser is a device, object or surface that absorb light or sound from a source.
Angle valve. water control for lavatory and WC connection.
Dimmer is a device which varies light intensity of a light source.
Tee fitting. should only be used for vent stack.
Accent lighting is directional lighting which emphasizes a particular object or draw attention to a particular
Tapped tee. for jointing threaded pipes. area.
Generally, to attain the same level of light intensities, the semi-indirect lighting unit s requires more
Invert. lowest point in interior surface of pipe. wattage than the indirect lighting system.

Service cock. normally installed before water meter. Cold air can hold more water than hot air.

Copper pipe. determined by its outside diameter. Fire code says wet stand pipe inside buildings are required for structure 6 or more stories in height.

Coupling. for hot and cold water connection. Interference and reverberation are 2 properties of sound that are important when considering the
construction of an auditorium or music hall.
Storm drain. for conveying rainwater.

644051417.doc
An auditorium with a capacity audience present has good acoustics; however when acoustically corrected
is practically independent of the audience.The inlet tee of a septic vault is always higher than the Feeder. wire from Meralco pole to building attachment.
discharge outlet.
Friction tape. provides adequate insulation to splices of conductors.
Stack is a general term for any veritcal line of soil, waste or vent piping.
Service entrance. point of delivery of power from service company.
Unit of resistance is called Ohms.
Neutral wire. usually are not to be fused.
The density of the luminous flux on a surface is called lumen.
Wiring plan. for purchasing materials and installation.
The unit of illumination is called candle power.
Resistors. controls flow of current in an electric current.
Cathode is component of flourescent lamp.
Chimes. connects to any power branch circuit.
Pressure releif valves are safety device for water heater.
The visible output of light is measured in foot-candles.
Air ducts should have air space between itself and insulator to prevent moisture condensation.
Speed of sound is faster in gas.
Loudness is a measure of the magnitude of sound.
Unpainted bricks produce better acoustics.
The pitch is a measure of highness or loudness of sound.
Humidity is water vapor within a given space or environment.
Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing installations for purpose of searching permit.
The cost of maintenance of split type aircon is lower than a unit window type.
Relief vents. supplies fresh air to the stacks and branch and prevents corrosion.
Ball cock. a float vlave with spherical float.
Bidet. a low basin like plumbing fixture on which the user sits and wash posterior parts of the body.
Angle valve. controls the direction of water and controls it.
Sitz bath. bath tub in which one bath in a sitting position; used especially in hospitals.
Zeolite process. eliminates presence of soluble salts of lime and magnesium on water.
Scum. mass of organic matter which flooats on the surface of sewage.
G I pipes. lead caulked joints.
Slop sink. a deep sink usually set low, especially used by janitors for emptying parts of the dirty water.
Pneumatic tank. avoids construction of tower and longer supply lines.
Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an existing stream of water.
Corporation cock. vlave placed near junction with public main.
Cap. a fitting for closing the end of a pipe.
Filter. usually not included in plumbing works.
Panelboard. for control and protection of branch circuits.
Check valve. automatically closes when reversal of water flow.
Circular mill. equals an area of .00051 square millimeters.
Outside leaders. pipe used to carry waste or storm water.
Frequency. expressed in hertz.
Pressure regulator. a valve to discharge excess water pressure.
Voltage. voltage at supply end less than at load end.
Grease trap. necessary for residence with septic tank.
Volts. product of amperes and ohms.
Globe valve. the same end must be used as inlet.
Insulators. rubber, porcelain, or glass.
City engineer. the city electrivcian's office is under this department of the city of manila.
Conductors. copper, aluminum, or silver.
Ammeter. measures high insulation resistance.
Short circuit. heat developed resulting to fire.

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2 conductor splice. 2 or more individually insulated electric conductors having a common outer protective Electro magnet. is essentially a coil of wire in which the magnetic circuit is partly or entirely completed
covering of metal. through a magnetic material such as iron.

Close circuit. a continous electrical path. Guide shoes. are fastened to car frame and counterweight at top and bottom. They fit guide rails.

Power. watts / volts times voltage. Safety. is a device incorporated in the bottom beam of the car frame and counterweight. Exerts retarding
force in case of overspeed by gripping guide rails.
Lightning is conceived as an integral parrt of the architectural design, an element of the structure.
Limit switches. are automatic devices which stop the car within the overtravel, independently of the
A good example of rheostat is a dimmer. operating device.

Wet stand pipe is not required in a building with automatic sprinkler system. Tension sheave. gives stability in governor's rope.

Electronic and communication engineer sign and seal for buildings having more than 5 telephones. Landing zone. is 18 inches above or below the landing.

When 2 elevators serve all or the same portion of a building, they can be located in 1 hoistway. Absorptance. ratio of the flux absorbed by a medium to the incident flux.

Incandescent bulb/lamp. a lamp from which light is emitted when a tungsten filament is heated to Accent lighting. directional lighting to emphasize a particular object or draw attention to a part of the field
incandescence by an electric arc. of view.

Transformer. a device with 2 or more coupled windings, used to convert a supply of electric power at one Baffle. a single opaque or translucent element to shiled a source from direct view at certain angles or
voltage to another voltage. absorb unwanted light.

Dumbwaiter.a small car to deliver materials. Ballast. device used with electric discharge lamp to obtain the necessary circuit conditions for starting
and operating.
Every 3 meters of a horizontal pipe shall be anchored.
Brightness. luminance.
Sources of water supply:
1. Surface water. Candela. unit of luminous intensity.
2. Ground water.
3. Atmospheric water. Candle power. luminous intensity expressed in candelas.

Potable water. water which is satisfactory for drinking, culinary, and domestic purposes annd shall meet Coefficient of utilization. ratio of the luminous (flux) from a luminaire received on the work plane to the
the accepted standard of purity required by the health department having authority. lumens emitted by the luminaire's alone.

Types of sewage: Daylight factor. ratio of the daylight illuminance on a plane to the exterior illuminance on a horizontal
1. Domestic sewage. plane from the whole of an obstructed sky of assumed of known luminance.
2. Industrial or trade sewage.
3. Storm water. Diffuse reflection. process by which the incident flux is redirected over a range of angles.

Types of sewers: Diffuse lighting. light that is not predominantly incident from any particular dirction.
1. Sanitary sewer.
2. Storm sewer. Diffuse. device to redirect light or scatter the light from a source primarily by the process of diffuse
3. Combined sewers. transmission.

Alternating current. is a current that changes both in strength and direction in a given time. Direct-indirect lighting. variant of general diffuse lighting in which the luminaires emit little or no light at
Shunt. The conductor of each branch. angles near the horizontal.
Flush mounted or recessed. luminaire mounted above the ceiling with the opening of the luminaire flush
Types of mounted transformer: with the surface of the ceiling.
1. H frame.
2. Cluster mounted. Footcandle. unit of illumination.
3. Pad mounted.

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Gklare. sensation produced by luminance within the visual field sufficiently greater than the luminance to
which the eeyes are adapted to cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual performance and visibility. USE. Undergrounf service entrance.

Illuminance. the density of the luminous flux incident on a surface. UF. underground feeder.

Louver shielding angle. angle between the horizontal plane of the baffles or louver grid and the plane at TC. Tray cable.
which the louver conceals all objects above.
FC. Flat cable.
Lumen. unit of luminous flux.
MV. Medium voltage.
Luminaire. complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the parts designed to
distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the power supply. RH, RHH. heat resistant rubber.

Luminance. photometric brightness. the luminous intensity of a surface in a given direction per unit of RHW. Moisture-and heat resistant rubber.
projected area of the surface as viewed from that direction.
RUH. Heat resistant latex.
Luminous flux. the time rate of flow of light.
RUW. Moisture resistant latex rubber.
Lux. the metric unit of luminance, 1 lux is 1 lumen per square meter.
T. Thermoplastic.
Mercury lamps. electric discharge lamps in which the major portion of the radiation is produced by
excitation of mercury atoms. TW. Moisture resistant thermoplastic.

Rapid start fluorescent lamp. one designed for operation with a ballast that provides for preheating the THHN. Heat resistant thermoplastic.
electrodes and initiating the arc without a starting switch or the application of high voltage.
THW. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic.
Shielding angle. angle between horizontal line through the light center and the line of sight at which the
bare source first becomes visible. XHHW. Moisture and heat resistant cross linked synthetic polymer.

Surface mounted luminaire. one mounted directly on the ceiling. MTW. Moisture, heat and oil resistant thermoplastic.

Suspended (pendant) luminaire. one hung from a ceiling by supports. PFA, PFAH. Perfluoroakoxy.

3 common type of plastic: TFE. Extruded polytetrafluroethylene.

1. ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
2. PE polyethylene. TA. Thermoplastic and asbestos.
3. PVC and CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
TBS. Thermoplastic and fibrous outer braid.
Caulking sleeve. a C I fitting used to join galvanized screw pipe to C I soil pipe
SIS. Synthetic heat resistant.
Water test. a test to determine whether there are leaks in a system of pipes.
MI. Mineral insulated (metal sheated).
AC. Armor clad.
UF. Underground feeder and branch circuit cable single conductor.
MC. Metal clad.
USE. Underground service entrance cable single conductor.
MI. Mineral insulated.
SA. Silicone.
NM or NMC. Non metallic sheathed cable.
FEP, FEPB. Flourinated ethylene propylene.
SNM. Shielded non metallic sheathed cable.
FEPW. Modified flourinated ethylene propylene.
SE. Service entrance.

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Z, ZW. Modified ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.

V. Varnished cambric.

AVA, AVL, AVB. Asbestos and varnished cambric.

A, AA, AI, AIA. Asbestos.

Color code of pipes:

1. Potable water. blue.
2. Electric conduit. orange or light gray.
3. Industrial system. Gray.
4. Communication cable. Yellow.
5. Sewage system. orange brown.

Rigid type:
1. PVC. Polyvinyl chloride.
2. CPVC. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
3. UPVC. unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.
4. PP. Polypropylene.
5. ABS. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
6. SR. Stylene rubber plastic.

Flexible type:
1. PE. Polyethylene.
2. PB. Polybutylene.

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